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@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+---
+title: Arm平台上的Kafka测试
+author: 刘玥骁
+pubDate: 2024-07-01
+categories: ['2024 年第一期']
+description: 'Arm上的Kafka性能测试与部分功能测试'
+---
+
+## 1. 我的任务
+
+我的任务是进行大数据组件Kafka在ARM架构Kunpeng 920服务器和RISC-V架构SG2042服务器上的功能支持与性能测试。我完成了Kafka在Kunpeng 920服务器上的性能测试，记录了表格中要求的所有性能数据，并进行了Topic相关的功能测试；然而在RISC-V架构遇见了JDK环境问题导致Kafka无法运行，没有进行性能测试和功能测试。
+
+## 2. 前置知识
+
+### 2.1 消息队列
+
+kafka是一个分布式的基于发布/订阅模式的消息队列，我通过阅读博客和实践，重点了解了消息队列概念、Kafka简介和在性能测试中使用到的逻辑概念topic，内容如下：
+
+消息队列就是将**需要传输的数据存放在队列中**，可用于解耦复杂系统，属于生产者-消费者模型，有以下两种模式：
+
+1. 点对点模式：每个消息只有一个接收者（Consumer）(即一旦被消费，消息就不再在消息队列中)；发送者和接收者间没有依赖性，发送者发送消息之后，不管有没有接收者在运行，都不会影响到发送者下次发送消息；接收者在成功接收消息之后需向队列应答成功，以便消息队列删除当前接收的消息；![image-20240701225825908](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240701225825908.png)
+
+2. 发布/订阅模式：每个消息可以有多个订阅者；发布者和订阅者之间有时间上的依赖性。针对某个主题（Topic）的订阅者，它必须创建一个订阅者之后，才能消费发布者的消息。为了消费消息，订阅者需要**提前**订阅该角色主题，并保持在线运行；![image-20240701225835987](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240701225835987.png)
+
+### 2.2 Kafka简介
+
+我们通常将Apache Kafka用在两类程序：1. 建立实时数据管道，以可靠地在系统或应用程序之间获取数据；2. 构建实时流应用程序，以转换或响应数据流。模型如下：![image-20240701225859103](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240701225859103.png)
+
+1. Producers：可以有很多的应用程序，将消息数据**放入**到Kafka集群中。
+
+2. Consumers：可以有很多的应用程序，将消息数据从Kafka集群中**拉取**出来。
+3. Connectors：Kafka的连接器可以将数据库中的数据**导入**到Kafka，也可以将Kafka的数据**导出**到数据库中。
+4. Stream Processors：流处理器可以Kafka**拉取**数据，也可以将数据**写入**到Kafka中。
+
+Kafka 的 topic 是一个逻辑概念，用于对消息进行分类。在 Kafka 中，消息以流的形式组织，而 topic 就是这些消息流的名称。每个 topic 可以被视为一个消息类别或者消息队列。用途如下：
+
+1. **消息分类**：topic 允许你将消息按照某种特定的类别进行分组。例如，一个公司的 Kafka 集群可能会有多个 topic，分别用于存储用户行为日志、系统监控数据、交易记录等。
+
+2. **数据持久化**：Kafka 是一个持久化的消息系统，存储在 topic 中的消息会保留在磁盘上，直到它们被消费或者超过了设置的保留策略。
+
+3. **分区**：为了能够横向扩展和并行处理，每个 Kafka topic 可以被分割成多个分区（partitions）。分区允许多个生产者和消费者并发地读写数据，提高了系统的吞吐量。
+
+4. **复制**：为了提高数据的可靠性和可用性，每个分区可以被复制到多个 broker 上。Kafka 通过复制因子（replication factor）来定义每个分区的副本数量。
+
+5. **消费者组**：Kafka 支持消费者组（consumer groups）的概念，允许多个消费者实例协调工作，共同消费同一个 topic 中的消息。
+
+6. **消息顺序**：在同一个分区内，Kafka 保证消息的顺序。如果应用需要严格的顺序保证，可以通过单分区或者有序的分区键来实现。
+
+7. **保留策略**：Kafka 允许你设置消息的保留时间或大小，超过这个时间或大小的消息将被删除。这有助于控制存储使用。
+
+8. **创建和删除**：你可以使用 Kafka 提供的命令行工具或 API 来创建和删除 topic。
+
+9. **配置**：topic 可以有自己的配置，如保留时间、清理策略、最小和最大消息大小等。
+
+## 3. ARM架构
+
+### 3.1 安装**Kafka和Zookeeper**
+
+1. 安装与解压
+
+```shell
+wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/kafka/2.2.0/kafka_2.12-2.2.0.tgz
+tar -zxvf kafka_2.12-2.2.0.tgz
+#openjdk使用的毕昇自带的8u412
+wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.6/zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz
+tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz
+```
+
+2. 在~/.bash_profile中添加环境变量 
+
+```shell
+export KAFKA_HOME=~/kafka_2.12-2.2.0
+export PATH=$KAFKA_HOME/bin:$PATH
+export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=~/zookeeper-3.4.6
+export PATH=$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin:$PATH
+```
+
+3. 配置config/server.properties，修改的内容如下：
+
+![image-20240628232627644](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240628232627644.png)
+
+### 3.2 运行Kafka
+
+1. 先启动Zookeeper：`bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties`
+
+2. 然后启动Kafka服务：`bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties`
+
+![image-20240628215828665](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240628215828665.png)
+
+3. 测试是否成功启动：在服务器上打开一个生产者，然后把输入的每行数据发送到Kafka中，再打开一个消费者，当有数据往Kafka的test主题发送消息，这边就会进行消费。           
+
+   ```shell
+   bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic test
+   #后面光标提示数据数据，然后回车就会发送到kafka中了
+   bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic test --from-beginning
+   ```
+
+   ![image-20240628220021575](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240628220021575.png)
+
+   ![image-20240628220055254](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240628220055254.png)
+
+### 3.3 **性能测试**
+
+参考[教程](https://blog.taliove.com/kafka-perf-test)。
+
+1. 创建topic：创建名为`test-rep-one`，分区为6，复制因子为1的主题。数据的保留时间为1小时。
+
+   ```bash
+   $ bin/kafka-topics.sh \
+   --create \
+   --topic test-rep-one \
+   --partitions 6 \
+   --replication-factor 1 \
+   --config retention.ms=86400000 \
+   --bootstrap-server localhost:9092
+   ```
+
+2. 使用不同的生产者性能测试脚本。以下示例将使用上面创建的主题来存储300万条数据，每条消息的大小为1KB。`-throughput`设为-1时表示消息会尽快生成。
+
+   ```bash
+   $ bin/kafka-producer-perf-test.sh \
+   --topic test-rep-one \
+   --throughput -1 \
+   --num-records 3000000 \
+   --record-size 1024 \
+   --producer-props acks=all bootstrap.servers=localhost:9092
+   ```
+
+   ![image-20240628221218147](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240628221218147.png)
+
+3. 测试消费者性能。这样根据第2、3步，得到了非公共的性能指标（黄色部分）。
+
+   ```bash
+   $ bin/kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh \
+   --topic test-rep-one \
+   --broker-list localhost:9092 \
+   --messages 3000000
+   ```
+
+![image-20240628222317161](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240628222317161.png)![image-20240701230418479](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240701230418479.png)![image-20240701230426540](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240701230426540.png)
+
+4. 加入公共指标：对于kafka-producer-perf-test.sh和kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh，将第2、3步的命令添加在脚本后即可；而对于kafka-topics.sh，我选择了列举topics的命令进行测试：`performance_counter_920.sh "bin/kafka-topics.sh --list --bootstrap-server localhost:9092" ./`。因为每次测试的结果都不同，我未记录第2、3步中的结果，公共和非公共性能指标均记录自本次结果，运行截图如下：
+
+   1. kafka-topics.sh
+
+      ![image-20240628232228635](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240628232228635.png)
+
+   2. kafka-producer-perf-test.sh：![image-20240628230657507](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240628230657507.png)
+
+   3. kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh：![image-20240628223551680](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240628223551680.png)
+
+> 因为组长在bash_profile配了这个，所以系统 会在该路径找sh脚本，就无需进入performance目录下执行了![image-20240629002535910](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240629002535910.png)
+
+#### 3.3.1 测试结果
+
+| **比较类目**                | **CPU**               | **ARM（鲲鹏920-7260)**    |
+| --------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------- |
+| kafka-topics.sh             | duration_time         | 1780170866                |
+| kafka-topics.sh             | task-clock            | 3267.100                  |
+| kafka-topics.sh             | cycles                | 7202976617                |
+| kafka-topics.sh             | instructions          | 7892467747                |
+| kafka-topics.sh             | cache-references      | 2260246244                |
+| kafka-topics.sh             | cache-misses          | 35076202                  |
+| kafka-topics.sh             | branches              | <not                      |
+| kafka-topics.sh             | branch-misses         | 55787680                  |
+| kafka-topics.sh             | L1-dcache-loads       | 2260246244                |
+| kafka-topics.sh             | L1-dcache-load-misses | 35076202                  |
+| kafka-topics.sh             | LLC load misses       | 1992446                   |
+| kafka-topics.sh             | LLC load              | 31061877                  |
+| kafka-topics.sh             | IPC                   | 1.095                     |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | duration_time         | 20618526199               |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | task-clock            | 65506.01                  |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | cycles                | 150698855761              |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | instructions          | 151115983122              |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | cache-references      | 40041625736               |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | cache-misses          | 590104492                 |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | branches              | <not                      |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | branch-misses         | 373990050                 |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | L1-dcache-loads       | 40041625736               |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | L1-dcache-load-misses | 590104492                 |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | LLC load misses       | 146267539                 |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | LLC load              | 482275224                 |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | IPC                   | 1.002                     |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | records sent          | 3000000 records sent      |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | average throughput    | 155771.327691 records/sec |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | throughput rate       | 152.12MB/sec              |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | avg latency           | 191.20ms                  |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | max latency           | 350.00ms                  |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | 50th latency          | 182ms                     |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | 95th latency          | 272ms                     |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | 99th latency          | 316ms                     |
+| kafka-producer-perf-test.sh | 99.9th latency        | 348ms                     |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | duration_time         | 8571797759                |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | task-clock            | 36013.13                  |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | cycles                | 78698107896               |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | instructions          | 45077685143               |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | cache-references      | 13658220619               |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | cache-misses          | 26480514                  |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | branches              | <not                      |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | branch-misses         | 235871806                 |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | L1-dcache-loads       | 13658220619               |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | L1-dcache-load-misses | 264580514                 |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | LLC load misses       | 59076086                  |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | LLC load              | 300456781                 |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | IPC                   | 0.572                     |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | average throughput    | 428877.7698 records/sec   |
+| kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh | throughput rate       | 418.8259MB/sec            |
+
+### 3.4 功能测试
+
+因为时间的原因，我只测试了topic相关的部分功能，运行截图如下：                               
+
+![image-20240629110237598](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240629110237598.png)
+
+![image-20240629110257968](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240629110257968.png)
+
+![image-20240629110422825](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240629110422825.png)
+
+![image-20240629111347623](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240629111347623.png)
+
+#### 3.4.1 测试结果
+
+| **CPU**功能测试项                   | **introduction**              | **note**                                                     | **command**                                                  | **PASS** | **ARM-result**                                               |
+| ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| topics                              |                               |                                                              |                                                              |          |                                                              |
+| topics alter                        | 修改topic                     | 修改分区数时，仅能增加分区个数。若是用其减少 partition 个数，则会报错 | bin/kafka-topics.sh --alter  --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic test-rep-one --partitions 8 | Y        | 没有返回值，则说明修改成功                                   |
+| topics config                       | 创建topic的覆盖配置           |                                                              | bin/kafka-topics.sh --create  --topic test-rep-one --partitions 6 --replication-factor 1 --config  retention.ms=86400000 --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 | Y        |                                                              |
+| topics create                       | 创建topic                     |                                                              | bin/kafka-topics.sh --create  --topic test-rep-one --partitions 6 --replication-factor 1 --config  retention.ms=86400000 --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 | Y        | 没有返回值，则说明创建成功                                   |
+| topics delete                       | 删除topic                     |                                                              | bin/kafka-topics.sh --delete  --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic test-rep-two | Y        | 没有返回值，则说明删除成功                                   |
+| topics delete-config                | 删除topic的覆盖配置           |                                                              | bin/kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper  localhost:9092 --alter --topic test-rep-one --delete-config retention.ms | Y        |                                                              |
+| topics describe                     | 查看指定topic明细             |                                                              | bin/kafka-topics.sh --describe  --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic test-rep-one | Y        | Topic:test-rep-one   PartitionCount:6    ReplicationFactor:1    Configs:segment.bytes=1073741824,retention.ms=86400000       Topic: test-rep-one   Partition: 0  Leader: 1    Replicas: 1   Isr: 1       Topic: test-rep-one   Partition: 1  Leader: 1    Replicas: 1   Isr: 1       Topic: test-rep-one   Partition: 2  Leader: 1    Replicas: 1   Isr: 1       Topic: test-rep-one   Partition: 3  Leader: 1    Replicas: 1   Isr: 1       Topic: test-rep-one   Partition: 4  Leader: 1    Replicas: 1   Isr: 1       Topic: test-rep-one   Partition: 5  Leader: 1    Replicas: 1   Isr: 1 |
+| topics help                         | 显示kafka-topics.sh的帮助信息 |                                                              | bin/kafka-topics.sh --help                                   | Y        | 太长了，为了格式已删除                                       |
+| topics list                         | 查看 Topic 列表               |                                                              | bin/kafka-topics.sh --list  --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 | Y        | __consumer_offsets   test   test-rep-one                     |
+| topics partitions                   | 指定分区数                    |                                                              | bin/kafka-topics.sh --create  --topic test-rep-one --partitions 6 --replication-factor 1 --config  retention.ms=86400000 --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 | Y        | 没有返回值，则说明创建成功                                   |
+| topics replica-assignment           |                               |                                                              |                                                              |          |                                                              |
+| topics replication-factor           | 指定复制因子                  |                                                              | bin/kafka-topics.sh --create  --topic test-rep-one --partitions 6 --replication-factor 1 --config  retention.ms=86400000 --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 | Y        | 没有返回值，则说明创建成功                                   |
+| topics topic                        |                               |                                                              |                                                              |          |                                                              |
+| topics topics-with-overrides        |                               |                                                              |                                                              |          |                                                              |
+| topics unavailable-partitions       |                               |                                                              |                                                              |          |                                                              |
+| topics  under-replicated-partitions |                               |                                                              |                                                              |          |                                                              |
+| topics zookeeper                    |                               |                                                              | bin/kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper  localhost:9092 --alter --topic test-rep-one --delete-config retention.ms | Y        |                                                              |
+
+### 3.5 问题与解决
+
+1. 安装完kafka集群后，程序创建topic时报错could not be established. Broker may not be available：https://www.cnblogs.com/charkey/p/16143422.html
+
+2. kafka启动出错：原因是没有杀死进程https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38612955/article/details/81206284
+
+## 4. RISC-V架构
+
+### 4.1 问题
+
+环境配置上除了config/server.properties中的IP地址不同，其他都一样。
+
+在运行时首先遇见了"egrep is obsolescent using grep -e"的报错信息，将kafka-run-class.sh中的egrep替换成了grep -E后解决。
+
+然后就一直有cannot execute binary file: Exec format error的报错，使用su root无法解决。应该是使用了其他架构编译好的二进制包的问题，试图下载gradle编译源代码，发现gradle也有环境不兼容的问题。可以看到是因为RV上的jdk环境有问题。
+
+![image-20240629005025167](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240629005025167.png)
+
+发现虽然有自带的jdk环境，但是使用不了：![image-20240629125404861](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240629125404861-1719846786300.png)
+
+试图安装[欧拉镜像](https://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-preview/RISC-V/openEuler-22.09-riscv64/repo/22.09_ST/riscv64/)的jdk，然后替换环境变量，但是安装rpm有问题，最后失败，未配置好Kafka环境。
+
+![image-20240629103345529](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240629103345529-1719846786300.png)
+
+### 4.2 部分解决
+
+**4.1** **问题与解决**
+
+1. rv环境下用不了ls等命令：直接执行：`export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin`
+
+2. 使用grep查找文件内容，定位问题：
+
+![image-20240629004728952](arm_kafka_test.assets/image-20240629004728952-1719846865054.png)
+
+## 5. 实验总结
+
+我的心得是在不同架构下部署同一框架是困难的，不同指令集与体系架构都有不同的特性，这也是做对比实验的意义所在。
+
+我的不足是对RISC-V环境下软件的部署与运行依然较陌生，比如交叉编译；以及时间管理有问题，导致功能测试只做了一小部分，也没有写自动化脚本。
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