From 056b47fd7030695907ca08e3070a5d9b9d216c7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: liutong Date: Tue, 15 Aug 2023 11:01:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Merge fix enable -a into rustdev --- bash-5.1/builtins_rust/hash/src/lib.rs | 1 - bash-5.1/resources/en-US/message.ftl | 2901 ++++++++++++------------ bash-5.1/resources/zh-CN/message.ftl | 86 +- bash-5.1/resources/zh-HK/message.ftl | 86 +- record.txt | 1 + 5 files changed, 1578 insertions(+), 1497 deletions(-) diff --git a/bash-5.1/builtins_rust/hash/src/lib.rs b/bash-5.1/builtins_rust/hash/src/lib.rs index c3fac6e..20c6b72 100644 --- a/bash-5.1/builtins_rust/hash/src/lib.rs +++ b/bash-5.1/builtins_rust/hash/src/lib.rs @@ -137,7 +137,6 @@ extern "C"{ commands. */ #[no_mangle] pub extern "C" fn r_hash_builtin(mut list:*mut WordList)->i32{ - println!("r_hash_builtin"); let mut expunge_hash_table:i32; let mut list_targets:i32; let mut list_portably:i32; diff --git a/bash-5.1/resources/en-US/message.ftl b/bash-5.1/resources/en-US/message.ftl index 05caabd..b27a603 100644 --- a/bash-5.1/resources/en-US/message.ftl +++ b/bash-5.1/resources/en-US/message.ftl @@ -1,21 +1,24 @@ helplongdoc ={ $cmdName -> -[command0] Resume job in foreground. +[command0] + Resume job in foreground. - Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the `fg' command. Resume a + Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the 'fg' command. Resume a stopped or background job. JOB_SPEC can specify either a job name - or a job number. Following JOB_SPEC with a `&' places the job in + or a job number. Following JOB_SPEC with a '&' places the job in the background, as if the job specification had been supplied as an - argument to `bg'. + argument to 'bg'. Exit Status: Returns the status of the resumed job. -[command1] Evaluate conditional expression. +[command1] + Evaluate conditional expression. This is a synonym for the test builtin, but the last argument must - be a literal `]', to match the opening `['. -[command2] Execute commands from a file in the current shell. + be a literal ']', to match the opening '['. +[command2] + Execute commands from a file in the current shell. Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. The entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME. @@ -26,25 +29,28 @@ $cmdName -> Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is not a shell builtin. -[command3] Null command. +[command3] + Null command. No effect; the command does nothing. Exit Status: Always succeeds. -[command4] Evaluate conditional expression. +[command4] + Evaluate conditional expression. This is a synonym for the test builtin, but the last argument must - be a literal `]', to match the opening `['. + be a literal ']', to match the opening '['. -[command5] Execute conditional command. +[command5] + Execute conditional command. Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries used - by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following + by the 'test' builtin, and may be combined using the following operators: ( EXPRESSION ) Returns the value of EXPRESSION @@ -52,14 +58,15 @@ $cmdName -> EXPR1 && EXPR2 True if both EXPR1 and EXPR2 are true; else false EXPR1 || EXPR2 True if either EXPR1 or EXPR2 is true; else false - When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right of + When the '==' and '!=' operators are used, the string to the right of the operator is used as a pattern and pattern matching is performed. - When the `=~' operator is used, the string to the right of the operator + When the '=~' operator is used, the string to the right of the operator is matched as a regular expression. The && and || operators do not evaluate EXPR2 if EXPR1 is sufficient to -[command6] Arithmetic for loop. +[command6] + Arithmetic for loop. Equivalent to (( EXP1 )) @@ -73,7 +80,8 @@ $cmdName -> Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed. -[command7] Group commands as a unit. +[command7] + Group commands as a unit. Run a set of commands in a group. This is one way to redirect an entire set of commands. @@ -81,7 +89,8 @@ $cmdName -> Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed. -[set] Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters. +[set] + Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters. Change the value of shell attributes and positional parameters, or display tmes and values of shell variables. @@ -162,1383 +171,1451 @@ $cmdName -> Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given. - [read] Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields. - - Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD - if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with - word splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the - second word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words - assigned to the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized - as word delimiters. - - If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY - variable. - - Options: - -a array assign the words read to sequential indices of the array - variable ARRAY, starting at zero - -d delim continue until the first character of DELIM is read, rather - than newline - -e use Readline to obtain the line - -i text use TEXT as the initial text for Readline - -n nchars return after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting - for a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than - NCHARS characters are read before the delimiter - -N nchars return only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, - unless - EOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any - delimiter - -p prompt output the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before - attempting to read - -r do not allow backslashes to escape any characters - -s do not echo input coming from a terminal - -t timeout time out and return failure if a complete line of - input is not read within TIMEOUT seconds. The value of the - TMOUT variable is the default timeout. TIMEOUT may be a - fractional number. If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns - immediately, without trying to read any data, returning - success only if input is available on the specified - file descriptor. The exit status is greater than 128 - if the timeout is exceeded - -u fd read from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input - - Exit Status: - The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times - out (in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error - occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u. - - [type] Display information about command type. - - For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a - command name. - - Options: - -a display all locations containing an executable named NAME; - includes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if - the `-p' option is not also used - -f suppress shell function lookup - -P force a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias, - builtin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file - that would be executed - -p returns either the name of the disk file that would be executed, - or nothing if `type -t NAME' would not return `file' - -t output a single word which is one of `alias', `keyword', - `function', `builtin', `file' or `', if NAME is an alias, - shell reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, - or not found, respectively - - Arguments: - NAME Command name to be interpreted. - - Exit Status: - Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not - found. - - [trap] Trap signals and other events. - - Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives - signals or other conditions. - - ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the - signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC - is supplied) or `-', each specified signal is reset to its original - value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the - shell and by the commands it invokes. - - If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. - If a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. - If a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or - a script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A - SIGNAL_SPEC of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure - would cause the shell to exit when the -e option is enabled. - - If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands - associated with each signal. - - Options: - -l print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers - -p display the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC - - Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in or a signal - number. - Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A - signal may be sent to the shell with \kill -signal $$\. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is - given. - - [alias] Define or display aliases. - - Without arguments, `alias' prints the list of aliases in the reusable - form `alias NAME=VALUE' on standard output. - - Otherwise, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given. - A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for - alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - - Options: - -p print all defined aliases in a reusable format - - Exit Status: - alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has - been defined. - - [unalias] Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases. - - Options: - -a remove all alias definitions - - Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias. - - [break] Exit for, while, or until loops. - - Exit a FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, break N enclosing - loops. - - Exit Status: - The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1. - - [continue] Resume for, while, or until loops. - - Resumes the next iteration of the enclosing FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. - If N is specified, resumes the Nth enclosing loop. - - Exit Status: - The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1. - - [builtin] Execute shell builtins. - - Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command - lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin - as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the - function. - - Exit Status: - Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is - not a shell builtin. - - [caller] Returns the context of the current subroutine call. - - Without EXPR, returns \$line $filename\. With EXPR, returns - \$line $subroutine $filename\; this extra information can be used to - provide a stack trace. - - The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the - current one; the top frame is frame 0. - - [cd] Change the shell working directory. - - Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of - the HOME shell variable. - - The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory - containing DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are - separated by a colon (:). - A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR - begins with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used. - - If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is - set,the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a - value,its value is used for DIR. - - Options: - -L force symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic - links in DIR after processing instances of `..' - -P use the physical directory structure without following - symbolic links: resolve symbolic links in DIR before - processing instances of `..' - -e if the -P option is supplied, and the current working - directory cannot be determined successfully, exit with - a non-zero status - -@ on systems that support it, present a file with extended - attributes as a directory containing the file attributes - - The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified. - `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname - component back to a slash or the beginning of DIR. - - Exit Status: - Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully - when -P is used; non-zero otherwise. - - [pwd] Print the name of the current working directory. - - Options: - -L print the value of $PWD if it names the current working - directory - -P print the physical directory, without any symbolic links - - By default, `pwd' behaves as if `-L' were specified. - - Exit Status: - Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory - cannot be read. - - [true] Null command. - - No effect; the command does nothing. - - Exit Status: - Always succeeds. - - [shopt] Set and unset shell options. - - Change the setting of each shell option OPTNAME. Without any option - arguments, list each supplied OPTNAME, or all shell options if no - OPTNAMEs are given, with an indication of whether or not each is set. - - Options: - -o restrict OPTNAMEs to those defined for use with `set -o' - -p print each shell option with an indication of its status - -q suppress output - -s enable (set) each OPTNAME - -u disable (unset) each OPTNAME - - Exit Status: - Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is - given or OPTNAME is disabled. - - [false] Return an unsuccessful result. - - Exit Status: - Always fails. - - [command] Execute a simple command or display information about commands. - - Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing shell function lookup, or display - information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke - commands on disk when a function with the same name exists. +[read] + Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields. + + Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD + if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with + word splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the + second word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words + assigned to the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized + as word delimiters. + + If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY + variable. + + Options: + -a array assign the words read to sequential indices of the array + variable ARRAY, starting at zero + -d delim continue until the first character of DELIM is read, rather + than newline + -e use Readline to obtain the line + -i text use TEXT as the initial text for Readline + -n nchars return after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting + for a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than + NCHARS characters are read before the delimiter + -N nchars return only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, + unless + EOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any + delimiter + -p prompt output the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before + attempting to read + -r do not allow backslashes to escape any characters + -s do not echo input coming from a terminal + -t timeout time out and return failure if a complete line of + input is not read within TIMEOUT seconds. The value of the + TMOUT variable is the default timeout. TIMEOUT may be a + fractional number. If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns + immediately, without trying to read any data, returning + success only if input is available on the specified + file descriptor. The exit status is greater than 128 + if the timeout is exceeded + -u fd read from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input + + Exit Status: + The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times + out (in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error + occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u. - Options: - -p use a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of - the standard utilities - -v print a description of COMMAND similar to the `type' builtin - -V print a more verbose description of each COMMAND +[type] + Display information about command type. - Exit Status: - Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found. - - [echo] Write arguments to the standard output. - - Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by - a newline, on the standard output. - - Options: - -n do not append a newline - -e enable interpretation of the following backslash escapes - -E explicitly suppress interpretation of backslash escapes - - `echo' interprets the following backslash-escaped characters: - \\a alert (bell) - \\b backspace - \\c suppress further output - \\e escape character - \\E escape character - \\f form feed - \ new line - \\r carriage return - \ horizontal tab - \\v vertical tab - \\\\ backslash - \\0nnn the character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal). NNN can be - 0 to 3 octal digits - \\xHH the eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal). HH - can be one or two hex digits - \\uHHHH the Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal value - HHHH. - HHHH can be one to four hex digits. - \\UHHHHHHHH the Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal - value - HHHHHHHH. HHHHHHHH can be one to eight hex digits. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless a write error occurs. + For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a + command name. + + Options: + -a display all locations containing an executable named NAME; + includes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if + the '-p' option is not also used + -f suppress shell function lookup + -P force a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias, + builtin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file + that would be executed + -p returns either the name of the disk file that would be executed, + or nothing if 'type -t NAME' would not return 'file' + -t output a single word which is one of 'alias', 'keyword', + 'function', 'builtin', 'file' or '', if NAME is an alias, + shell reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, + or not found, respectively + + Arguments: + NAME Command name to be interpreted. + + Exit Status: + Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not + found. - [enable] Enable and disable shell builtins. - - Enables and disables builtin shell commands. Disabling allows you to - execute a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - without using a full pathname. - - Options: - -a print a list of builtins showing whether or not each is enabled - -n disable each NAME or display a list of disabled builtins - -p print the list of builtins in a reusable format - -s print only the names of Posix `special' builtins - - Options controlling dynamic loading: - -f Load builtin NAME from shared object FILENAME - -d Remove a builtin loaded with -f - - Without options, each NAME is enabled. - - To use the `test' found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin - version, type `enable -n test'. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs. - - [getopts] Parse option arguments. - - Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters - as options. - - OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter - is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument, - which should be separated from it by white space. - - Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the - shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and - the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell - variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or - a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument, - getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG. - - getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character - of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In - this mode, no error messages are printed. If an invalid option is - seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a - required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and - sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in - silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places '?' into - NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, a '?' - is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is - printed. - - If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the - printing of error messages, even if the first character of - OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default. - - Getopts normally parses the positional parameters, but if arguments - are supplied as ARG values, they are parsed instead. - - Exit Status: - Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is - encountered or an error occurs. +[trap] + Trap signals and other events. + + Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives + signals or other conditions. + + ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the + signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC + is supplied) or '-', each specified signal is reset to its original + value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the + shell and by the commands it invokes. + + If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. + If a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. + If a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or + a script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A + SIGNAL_SPEC of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure + would cause the shell to exit when the -e option is enabled. + + If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands + associated with each signal. + + Options: + -l print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers + -p display the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC + + Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in or a signal + number. + Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A + signal may be sent to the shell with \kill -signal $$\. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is + given. - [exec] Replace the shell with the given command. - - Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program. - ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not - specified, - any redirections take effect in the current shell. - - Options: - -a name pass NAME as the zeroth argument to COMMAND - -c execute COMMAND with an empty environment - -l place a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND - - If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless - the shell option `execfail' is set. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error - occurs. - - [exit] Exit the shell. - - Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status - is that of the last command executed. - - [logout] Exit a login shell. - - Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not - executed in a login shell. - - [fc] Display or execute commands from the history list. - - fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history - list. - FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a - string, which means the most recent command beginning with that - string. - - Options: - -e ENAME select which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then - EDITOR, - then vi - -l list lines instead of editing - -n omit line numbers when listing - -r reverse the order of the lines (newest listed first) - - With the `fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, COMMAND is - re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed. +[alias] + Define or display aliases. + + Without arguments, 'alias' prints the list of aliases in the reusable + form 'alias NAME=VALUE' on standard output. + + Otherwise, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given. + A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for + alias substitution when the alias is expanded. + + Options: + -p print all defined aliases in a reusable format + + Exit Status: + alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has + been defined. + +[unalias] + Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases. + + Options: + -a remove all alias definitions + + Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias. + +[break] + Exit for, while, or until loops. + + Exit a FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, break N enclosing + loops. + + Exit Status: + The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1. + +[continue] + Resume for, while, or until loops. - A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing `r cc' - runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes - the last command. + Resumes the next iteration of the enclosing FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. + If N is specified, resumes the Nth enclosing loop. + + Exit Status: + The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1. + +[builtin] + Execute shell builtins. + + Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command + lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin + as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the + function. + + Exit Status: + Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is + not a shell builtin. + +[caller] + Returns the context of the current subroutine call. + + Without EXPR, returns \$line $filename\. With EXPR, returns + \$line $subroutine $filename\; this extra information can be used to + provide a stack trace. + + The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the + current one; the top frame is frame 0. + +[cd] + Change the shell working directory. + + Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of + the HOME shell variable. + + The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory + containing DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are + separated by a colon (:). + A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR + begins with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used. + + If the directory is not found, and the shell option 'cdable_vars' is + set,the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a + value,its value is used for DIR. + + Options: + -L force symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic + links in DIR after processing instances of '..' + -P use the physical directory structure without following + symbolic links: resolve symbolic links in DIR before + processing instances of '..' + -e if the -P option is supplied, and the current working + directory cannot be determined successfully, exit with + a non-zero status + -@ on systems that support it, present a file with extended + attributes as a directory containing the file attributes + + The default is to follow symbolic links, as if '-L' were specified. + '..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname + component back to a slash or the beginning of DIR. + + Exit Status: + Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully + when -P is used; non-zero otherwise. - Exit Status: - Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error - occurs. - - [fg] Resume job in foreground. +[pwd] + Print the name of the current working directory. - Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the `fg' command. Resume a - stopped or background job. JOB_SPEC can specify either a job name - or a job number. Following JOB_SPEC with a `&' places the job in - the background, as if the job specification had been supplied as an - argument to `bg'. + Options: + -L print the value of $PWD if it names the current working + directory + -P print the physical directory, without any symbolic links + + By default, 'pwd' behaves as if '-L' were specified. + + Exit Status: + Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory + cannot be read. - Exit Status: - Returns the status of the resumed job. +[true] + Null command. - [bg] Move jobs to the background. + No effect; the command does nothing. + + Exit Status: + Always succeeds. + +[shopt] + Set and unset shell options. + + Change the setting of each shell option OPTNAME. Without any option + arguments, list each supplied OPTNAME, or all shell options if no + OPTNAMEs are given, with an indication of whether or not each is set. + + Options: + -o restrict OPTNAMEs to those defined for use with 'set -o' + -p print each shell option with an indication of its status + -q suppress output + -s enable (set) each OPTNAME + -u disable (unset) each OPTNAME + + Exit Status: + Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is + given or OPTNAME is disabled. - Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if - they had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's - notion of the current job is used. +[false] + Return an unsuccessful result. - Exit Status: - Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs. + Exit Status: + Always fails. + +[command] + Execute a simple command or display information about commands. + + Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing shell function lookup, or display + information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke + commands on disk when a function with the same name exists. + + Options: + -p use a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of + the standard utilities + -v print a description of COMMAND similar to the 'type' builtin + -V print a more verbose description of each COMMAND + + Exit Status: + Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found. - [hash] Remember or display program locations. - - Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If - no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is - displayed. - - Options: - -d forget the remembered location of each NAME - -l display in a format that may be reused as input - -p pathname use PATHNAME as the full pathname of NAME - -r forget all remembered locations - -t print the remembered location of each NAME, preceding - each location with the corresponding NAME if multiple - NAMEs are given - Arguments: - NAME Each NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list - of remembered commands. - - - [help] Display information about builtin commands. - - Displays brief summaries of builtin commands. If PATTERN is - specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN, - otherwise the list of help topics is printed. - - Options: - -d output short description for each topic - -m display usage in pseudo-manpage format - -s output only a short usage synopsis for each topic matching - PATTERN - - Arguments: - PATTERN Pattern specifying a help topic - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is - given. - - [history] Display or manipulate the history list. - - Display the history list with line numbers, prefixing each modified - entry with a `*'. An argument of N lists only the last N entries. - - Options: - -c clear the history list by deleting all of the entries - -d offset delete the history entry at position OFFSET. Negative - offsets count back from the end of the history list - - -a append history lines from this session to the history file - -n read all history lines not already read from the history file - and append them to the history list - -r read the history file and append the contents to the history - list - -w write the current history to the history file - - -p perform history expansion on each ARG and display the result - without storing it in the history list - -s append the ARGs to the history list as a single entry - - If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file. Otherwise, - if HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history. - - If the HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used - as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated - with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed - otherwise. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs. - - [jobs] Display status of jobs. - - Lists the active jobs. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job. - Without options, the status of all active jobs is displayed. - - Options: - -l lists process IDs in addition to the normal information - -n lists only processes that have changed status since the last - notification - -p lists process IDs only - -r restrict output to running jobs - -s restrict output to stopped jobs - - If -x is supplied, COMMAND is run after all job specifications that - appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's - process group leader. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs. - If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND. - - [disown] Remove jobs from current shell. - - Removes each JOBSPEC argument from the table of active jobs. Without - any JOBSPECs, the shell uses its notion of the current job. - - Options: - -a remove all jobs if JOBSPEC is not supplied - -h mark each JOBSPEC so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the - shell receives a SIGHUP - -r remove only running jobs - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given. - - [kill] Send a signal to a job. - - Send the processes identified by PID or JOBSPEC the signal named by - SIGSPEC or SIGNUM. If neither SIGSPEC nor SIGNUM is present, then - SIGTERM is assumed. - - Options: - -s sig SIG is a signal name - -n sig SIG is a signal number - -l list the signal names; if arguments follow `-l' they are - assumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed - -L synonym for -l +[echo] + Write arguments to the standard output. - Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used - instead of process IDs, and allows processes to be killed if the limit - on processes that you can create is reached. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs. + Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by + a newline, on the standard output. + + Options: + -n do not append a newline + -e enable interpretation of the following backslash escapes + -E explicitly suppress interpretation of backslash escapes + + 'echo' interprets the following backslash-escaped characters: + \\a alert (bell) + \\b backspace + \\c suppress further output + \\e escape character + \\E escape character + \\f form feed + \ new line + \\r carriage return + \ horizontal tab + \\v vertical tab + \\\\ backslash + \\0nnn the character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal). NNN can be + 0 to 3 octal digits + \\xHH the eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal). HH + can be one or two hex digits + \\uHHHH the Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal value + HHHH. + HHHH can be one to four hex digits. + \\UHHHHHHHH the Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal + value + HHHHHHHH. HHHHHHHH can be one to eight hex digits. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless a write error occurs. - [let] Evaluate arithmetic expressions. - - Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in - fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 - is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is - grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are - listed in order of decreasing precedence. - - \tid++, id--\tvariable post-increment, post-decrement - \t++id, --id\tvariable pre-increment, pre-decrement - \t-, +\t\tunary minus, plus - \t!, ~\t\tlogical and bitwise negation - \t**\t\texponentiation - \t*, /, %\t\tmultiplication, division, remainder - \t+, -\t\taddition, subtraction - \t<<, >>\t\tleft and right bitwise shifts - \t<=, >=, <, >\tcomparison - \t==, !=\t\tequality, inequality - \t&\t\tbitwise AND - \t^\t\tbitwise XOR - \t|\t\tbitwise OR - \t&&\t\tlogical AND - \t||\t\tlogical OR - \texpr ? expr : expr - \t\t\tconditional operator - \t=, *=, /=, %=, - \t+=, -=, <<=, >>=, - \t&=, ^=, |=\tassignment - - Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable - is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within - an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute - turned on to be used in an expression. - - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence - rules above. - - Exit Status: - If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise. - - [shift] Shift positional parameters. - - Rename the positional parameters $N+1,$N+2 ... to $1,$2 ... If N is - not given, it is assumed to be 1. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#. - - [suspend] Suspend shell execution. - - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal. - Unless forced, login shells cannot be suspended. - - Options: - -f force the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell +[enable] + Enable and disable shell builtins. - Exit Status: - Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs. + Enables and disables builtin shell commands. Disabling allows you to + execute a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin + without using a full pathname. + + Options: + -a print a list of builtins showing whether or not each is enabled + -n disable each NAME or display a list of disabled builtins + -p print the list of builtins in a reusable format + -s print only the names of Posix 'special' builtins + + Options controlling dynamic loading: + -f Load builtin NAME from shared object FILENAME + -d Remove a builtin loaded with -f + + Without options, each NAME is enabled. + + To use the 'test' found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin + version, type 'enable -n test'. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs. + +[getopts] + Parse option arguments. + + Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters + as options. + + OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter + is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument, + which should be separated from it by white space. + + Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the + shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and + the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell + variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or + a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument, + getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG. + + getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character + of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In + this mode, no error messages are printed. If an invalid option is + seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a + required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and + sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in + silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places '?' into + NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, a '?' + is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is + printed. + + If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the + printing of error messages, even if the first character of + OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default. + + Getopts normally parses the positional parameters, but if arguments + are supplied as ARG values, they are parsed instead. + + Exit Status: + Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is + encountered or an error occurs. - [eval] Evaluate conditional expression. - - Exits with a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on - the evaluation of EXPR. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary - expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There - are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well. - - The behavior of test depends on the number of arguments. Read the - bash manual page for the complete specification. - - File operators: - - -a FILE True if file exists. - -b FILE True if file is block special. - -c FILE True if file is character special. - -d FILE True if file is a directory. - -e FILE True if file exists. - -f FILE True if file exists and is a regular file. - -g FILE True if file is set-group-id. - -h FILE True if file is a symbolic link. - -L FILE True if file is a symbolic link. - -k FILE True if file has its `sticky' bit set. - -p FILE True if file is a named pipe. - -r FILE True if file is readable by you. - -s FILE True if file exists and is not empty. - -S FILE True if file is a socket. - -t FD True if FD is opened on a terminal. - -u FILE True if the file is set-user-id. - -w FILE True if the file is writable by you. - -x FILE True if the file is executable by you. - -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you. - -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group. - -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last - read. - - FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to - modification date). - - FILE1 -ot FILE2 True if file1 is older than file2. - - FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 is a hard link to file2. - - String operators: - - -z STRING True if string is empty. - - -n STRING - STRING True if string is not empty. - - STRING1 = STRING2 - True if the strings are equal. - STRING1 != STRING2 - True if the strings are not equal. - STRING1 < STRING2 - True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 - lexicographically. - STRING1 > STRING2 - True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically. - - Other operators: - - -o OPTION True if the shell option OPTION is enabled. - -v VAR True if the shell variable VAR is set. - -R VAR True if the shell variable VAR is set and is a name - reference. - ! EXPR True if expr is false. - EXPR1 -a EXPR2 True if both expr1 AND expr2 are true. - EXPR1 -o EXPR2 True if either expr1 OR expr2 is true. - - arg1 OP arg2 Arithmetic tests. OP is one of -eq, -ne, - -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge. - - Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal, - less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal - than ARG2. - - Exit Status: - Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to - false or an invalid argument is given. +[exec] + Replace the shell with the given command. + + Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program. + ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not + specified, + any redirections take effect in the current shell. + + Options: + -a name pass NAME as the zeroth argument to COMMAND + -c execute COMMAND with an empty environment + -l place a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND + + If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless + the shell option 'execfail' is set. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error + occurs. + +[exit] + Exit the shell. + + Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status + is that of the last command executed. + +[logout] + Exit a login shell. + + Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not + executed in a login shell. + +[fc] + Display or execute commands from the history list. + + fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history + list. + FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a + string, which means the most recent command beginning with that + string. + + Options: + -e ENAME select which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then + EDITOR, + then vi + -l list lines instead of editing + -n omit line numbers when listing + -r reverse the order of the lines (newest listed first) + + With the 'fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, COMMAND is + re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed. + + A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing 'r cc' + runs the last command beginning with 'cc' and typing 'r' re-executes + the last command. + + Exit Status: + Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error + occurs. - [times] Display process times. - - Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of - its child processes. - - Exit Status: - Always succeeds. +[fg] + Resume job in foreground. + + Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the 'fg' command. Resume a + stopped or background job. JOB_SPEC can specify either a job name + or a job number. Following JOB_SPEC with a '&' places the job in + the background, as if the job specification had been supplied as an + argument to 'bg'. + + Exit Status: + Returns the status of the resumed job. + +[bg] + Move jobs to the background. + + Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if + they had been started with '&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's + notion of the current job is used. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs. - [ulimit] Modify shell resource limits. - - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - processes - it creates, on systems that allow such control. - - Options: - -S use the `soft' resource limit - -H use the `hard' resource limit - -a all current limits are reported - -b the socket buffer size - -c the maximum size of core files created - -d the maximum size of a process's data segment - -e the maximum scheduling priority (`nice') - -f the maximum size of files written by the shell and its children - -i the maximum number of pending signals - -k the maximum number of kqueues allocated for this process - -l the maximum size a process may lock into memory - -m the maximum resident set size - -n the maximum number of open file descriptors - -p the pipe buffer size - -q the maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues - -r the maximum real-time scheduling priority - -s the maximum stack size - -t the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - -u the maximum number of user processes - -v the size of virtual memory - -x the maximum number of file locks - -P the maximum number of pseudoterminals - -R the maximum time a real-time process can run before blocking - -T the maximum number of threads - - Not all options are available on all platforms. - - If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; the - special LIMIT values `soft', `hard', and `unlimited' stand for the - current soft limit, the current hard limit, and no limit, respectively. - Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If - no option is given, then -f is assumed. - - Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds, - -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled - number of processes. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs. - - [umask] Display or set file mode mask. - - Sets the user file-creation mask to MODE. If MODE is omitted, prints - the current value of the mask. - - If MODE begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; - otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1). - - Options: - -p if MODE is omitted, output in a form that may be reused as input - -S makes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given. - - [return] Wait for job completion and return exit status. - - Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or - a job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not - given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return - status is zero. If ID is a job specification, waits for all processes - in that job's pipeline. - - If the -n option is supplied, waits for a single job from the list of - IDs, - or, if no IDs are supplied, for the next job to complete and returns - its - exit status. - - If the -p option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the job - for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the variable VAR - named by the option argument. The variable will be unset initially, - before - any assignment. This is useful only when the -n option is supplied. - - If the -f option is supplied, and job control is enabled, waits for the - specified ID to terminate, instead of waiting for it to change status. - - Exit Status: - Returns the status of the last ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid - option is given, or if -n is supplied and the shell has no unwaited-for - children. - - [wait] Wait for process completion and return exit status. - - Waits for each process specified by a PID and reports its termination - status. - If PID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes, - and the return status is zero. PID must be a process ID. - - Exit Status: - Returns the status of the last PID; fails if PID is invalid or an - invalid - option is given. - - [for] Execute commands for each member in a list. - - The `for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a - list of items. If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in \$@\' is - assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and - the COMMANDS are executed. - - Exit Status: - Returns the status of the last command executed. - - [select] Select words from a list and execute commands. - - The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The - set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each - preceded by a number. If `in WORDS' is not present, `in \$@\' - is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read - from the standard input. If the line consists of the number - corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set - to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are - redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other - value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved - in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection - until a break command is executed. - - Exit Status: - Returns the status of the last command executed. - - [time] Report time consumed by pipeline's execution. - - Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time, - and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates. - - Options: - -p print the timing summary in the portable Posix format - - The value of the TIMEFORMAT variable is used as the output format. - - Exit Status: - The return status is the return status of PIPELINE. - - [case] Execute commands based on pattern matching. - - Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The - `|' is used to separate multiple patterns. - - Exit Status: - Returns the status of the last command executed. - - [if] Execute commands based on conditional. - - The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then - the - `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list - is - executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding - `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. - Otherwise, - the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of - the - entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or - zero - if no condition tested true. - - Exit Status: - Returns the status of the last command executed. - - [while] Execute commands as long as a test succeeds. - - Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the - `while' COMMANDS has an exit status of zero. - - Exit Status: - Returns the status of the last command executed. - - [until] Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed. - - Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the - `until' COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero. - - Exit Status: - Returns the status of the last command executed. - - [coproc] Create a coprocess named NAME. - - Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard - input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned - to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell. - The default NAME is \COPROC\. - - Exit Status: - The coproc command returns an exit status of 0. - - [function] Define shell function. - - Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command, - NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is - invoked, - the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's - name is in $FUNCNAME. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless NAME is readonly. - - [variables] Common shell variable names and usage. - - BASH_VERSION Version information for this Bash. - CDPATH A colon-separated list of directories to search - for directories given as arguments to `cd'. - GLOBIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns describing filenames to - be ignored by pathname expansion. - HISTFILE The name of the file where your command history is stored. - HISTFILESIZE The maximum number of lines this file can contain. - HISTSIZE The maximum number of history lines that a running - shell can access. - HOME The complete pathname to your login directory. - HOSTNAME The name of the current host. - HOSTTYPE The type of CPU this version of Bash is running under. - IGNOREEOF Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF - character as the sole input. If set, then the value - of it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen - in a row on an empty line before the shell will exit - (default 10). When unset, EOF signifies the end of input. - MACHTYPE A string describing the current system Bash is running on. - MAILCHECK How often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail. - MAILPATH A colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks - for new mail. - OSTYPE The version of Unix this version of Bash is running on. - PATH A colon-separated list of directories to search when - looking for commands. - PROMPT_COMMAND A command to be executed before the printing of each - primary prompt. - PS1 The primary prompt string. - PS2 The secondary prompt string. - PWD The full pathname of the current directory. - SHELLOPTS A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. - TERM The name of the current terminal type. - TIMEFORMAT The output format for timing statistics displayed by the - `time' reserved word. - auto_resume Non-null means a command word appearing on a line by - itself is first looked for in the list of currently - stopped jobs. If found there, that job is foregrounded. - A value of `exact' means that the command word must - exactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs. A - value of `substring' means that the command word must - match a substring of the job. Any other value means that - the command must be a prefix of a stopped job. - histchars Characters controlling history expansion and quick - substitution. The first character is the history - substitution character, usually `!'. The second is - the `quick substitution' character, usually `^'. The - third is the `history comment' character, usually `#'. - HISTIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which - commands should be saved on the history list. - - [pushd] Add directories to stack. - - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working - directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories. - - Options: - -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding - directories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. - - Arguments: - +N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with - zero) is at the top. - - -N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with - zero) is at the top. - - dir Adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the - new current working directory. - - The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack. +[hash] + Remember or display program locations. - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory - change fails. - - [popd] Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes - the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory. - - Options: - -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. - - Arguments: - +N Removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0' - removes the first directory, `popd +1' the second. + Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If + no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is + displayed. + + Options: + -d forget the remembered location of each NAME + -l display in a format that may be reused as input + -p pathname use PATHNAME as the full pathname of NAME + -r forget all remembered locations + -t print the remembered location of each NAME, preceding + each location with the corresponding NAME if multiple + NAMEs are given + Arguments: + NAME Each NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list + of remembered commands. + + +[help] + Display information about builtin commands. + + Displays brief summaries of builtin commands. If PATTERN is + specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN, + otherwise the list of help topics is printed. + + Options: + -d output short description for each topic + -m display usage in pseudo-manpage format + -s output only a short usage synopsis for each topic matching + PATTERN + + Arguments: + PATTERN Pattern specifying a help topic + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is + given. + +[history] + Display or manipulate the history list. + + Display the history list with line numbers, prefixing each modified + entry with a '*'. An argument of N lists only the last N entries. + + Options: + -c clear the history list by deleting all of the entries + -d offset delete the history entry at position OFFSET. Negative + offsets count back from the end of the history list + + -a append history lines from this session to the history file + -n read all history lines not already read from the history file + and append them to the history list + -r read the history file and append the contents to the history + list + -w write the current history to the history file + + -p perform history expansion on each ARG and display the result + without storing it in the history list + -s append the ARGs to the history list as a single entry + + If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file. Otherwise, + if HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history. + + If the HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used + as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated + with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed + otherwise. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs. + +[jobs] + Display status of jobs. - -N Removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0' - removes the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last. + Lists the active jobs. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job. + Without options, the status of all active jobs is displayed. + + Options: + -l lists process IDs in addition to the normal information + -n lists only processes that have changed status since the last + notification + -p lists process IDs only + -r restrict output to running jobs + -s restrict output to stopped jobs + + If -x is supplied, COMMAND is run after all job specifications that + appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's + process group leader. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs. + If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND. - The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack. - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working - directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories. +[disown] + Remove jobs from current shell. - [dirs] Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories - find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get - back up through the list with the `popd' command. + Removes each JOBSPEC argument from the table of active jobs. Without + any JOBSPECs, the shell uses its notion of the current job. + + Options: + -a remove all jobs if JOBSPEC is not supplied + -h mark each JOBSPEC so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the + shell receives a SIGHUP + -r remove only running jobs + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given. - Options: - -c clear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements - -l do not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative - to your home directory - -p print the directory stack with one entry per line - -v print the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed - with its position in the stack +[kill] + Send a signal to a job. - Arguments: - +N Displays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown - by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. + Send the processes identified by PID or JOBSPEC the signal named by + SIGSPEC or SIGNUM. If neither SIGSPEC nor SIGNUM is present, then + SIGTERM is assumed. + + Options: + -s sig SIG is a signal name + -n sig SIG is a signal number + -l list the signal names; if arguments follow '-l' they are + assumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed + -L synonym for -l + + Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used + instead of process IDs, and allows processes to be killed if the limit + on processes that you can create is reached. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs. + +[let] + Evaluate arithmetic expressions. + + Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in + fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 + is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is + grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are + listed in order of decreasing precedence. + + id++, id-- variable post-increment, post-decrement + ++id, --id variable pre-increment, pre-decrement + -, + unary minus, plus + !, ~ logical and bitwise negation + '**' exponentiation + '*', /, % multiplication, division, remainder + +, - addition, subtraction + <<, >> left and right bitwise shifts + <=, >=, <, > comparison + ==, != equality, inequality + & bitwise AND + ^ tbitwise XOR + | bitwise OR + && logical AND + || logical OR + expr ? expr : expr + conditional operator + =, *=, /=, %=, + +=, -=, <<=, >>=, + &=, ^=, |= assignment + + Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable + is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within + an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute + turned on to be used in an expression. + + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence + rules above. + + Exit Status: + If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise. - -N Displays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown - by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. +[shift] + Shift positional parameters. + Rename the positional parameters $N+1,$N+2 ... to $1,$2 ... If N is + not given, it is assumed to be 1. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#. + +[suspend] + Suspend shell execution. + + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal. + Unless forced, login shells cannot be suspended. + + Options: + -f force the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs. - [printf] Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT. - - Options: - -v var assign the output to shell variable VAR rather than - display it on the standard output - - FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: - plain - characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character - escape - sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output; and - format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next - successive - argument. - - In addition to the standard format specifications described in - printf(1), - printf interprets: - - %b expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument - %q quote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input - %(fmt)T output the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a - format - string for strftime(3) - - The format is re-used as necessary to consume all of the arguments. If - there are fewer arguments than the format requires, extra format - specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as - appropriate, - had been supplied. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or - assignment - error occurs. - - [complete] Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline. - - For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no - options are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed - in a way that allows them to be reused as input. - - Options: - -p print existing completion specifications in a reusable format - -r remove a completion specification for each NAME, or, if no - NAMEs are supplied, all completion specifications - -D apply the completions and actions as the default for commands - without any specific completion defined - -E apply the completions and actions to \empty\ commands -- - completion attempted on a blank line - -I apply the completions and actions to the initial (usually the - command) word - - When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the - uppercase-letter options are listed above. If multiple options are - supplied, - the -D option takes precedence over -E, and both take precedence over - - I. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs. +[eval] + Evaluate conditional expression. + + Exits with a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on + the evaluation of EXPR. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary + expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There + are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well. + + The behavior of test depends on the number of arguments. Read the + bash manual page for the complete specification. + + File operators: + + -a FILE True if file exists. + -b FILE True if file is block special. + -c FILE True if file is character special. + -d FILE True if file is a directory. + -e FILE True if file exists. + -f FILE True if file exists and is a regular file. + -g FILE True if file is set-group-id. + -h FILE True if file is a symbolic link. + -L FILE True if file is a symbolic link. + -k FILE True if file has its 'sticky' bit set. + -p FILE True if file is a named pipe. + -r FILE True if file is readable by you. + -s FILE True if file exists and is not empty. + -S FILE True if file is a socket. + -t FD True if FD is opened on a terminal. + -u FILE True if the file is set-user-id. + -w FILE True if the file is writable by you. + -x FILE True if the file is executable by you. + -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you. + -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group. + -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last + read. + + FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to + modification date). + + FILE1 -ot FILE2 True if file1 is older than file2. + + FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 is a hard link to file2. + + String operators: + + -z STRING True if string is empty. + + -n STRING + STRING True if string is not empty. + + STRING1 = STRING2 + True if the strings are equal. + STRING1 != STRING2 + True if the strings are not equal. + STRING1 < STRING2 + True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 + lexicographically. + STRING1 > STRING2 + True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically. + + Other operators: + + -o OPTION True if the shell option OPTION is enabled. + -v VAR True if the shell variable VAR is set. + -R VAR True if the shell variable VAR is set and is a name + reference. + ! EXPR True if expr is false. + EXPR1 -a EXPR2 True if both expr1 AND expr2 are true. + EXPR1 -o EXPR2 True if either expr1 OR expr2 is true. + + arg1 OP arg2 Arithmetic tests. OP is one of -eq, -ne, + -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge. + + Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal, + less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal + than ARG2. + + Exit Status: + Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to + false or an invalid argument is given. - [compgen] Display possible completions depending on the options. +[times] + Display process times. - Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible - completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches - against WORD are generated. + Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of + its child processes. + + Exit Status: + Always succeeds. + +[ulimit] + Modify shell resource limits. - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + processes + it creates, on systems that allow such control. + + Options: + -S use the 'soft' resource limit + -H use the 'hard' resource limit + -a all current limits are reported + -b the socket buffer size + -c the maximum size of core files created + -d the maximum size of a process's data segment + -e the maximum scheduling priority ('nice') + -f the maximum size of files written by the shell and its children + -i the maximum number of pending signals + -k the maximum number of kqueues allocated for this process + -l the maximum size a process may lock into memory + -m the maximum resident set size + -n the maximum number of open file descriptors + -p the pipe buffer size + -q the maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues + -r the maximum real-time scheduling priority + -s the maximum stack size + -t the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds + -u the maximum number of user processes + -v the size of virtual memory + -x the maximum number of file locks + -P the maximum number of pseudoterminals + -R the maximum time a real-time process can run before blocking + -T the maximum number of threads + + Not all options are available on all platforms. + + If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; the + special LIMIT values 'soft', 'hard', and 'unlimited' stand for the + current soft limit, the current hard limit, and no limit, respectively. + Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If + no option is given, then -f is assumed. + + Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds, + -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled + number of processes. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs. + +[umask] + Display or set file mode mask. + + Sets the user file-creation mask to MODE. If MODE is omitted, prints + the current value of the mask. + + If MODE begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; + otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1). + + Options: + -p if MODE is omitted, output in a form that may be reused as input + -S makes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given. + +[return] + Wait for job completion and return exit status. + + Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or + a job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not + given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return + status is zero. If ID is a job specification, waits for all processes + in that job's pipeline. + + If the -n option is supplied, waits for a single job from the list of + IDs, + or, if no IDs are supplied, for the next job to complete and returns + its + exit status. + + If the -p option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the job + for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the variable VAR + named by the option argument. The variable will be unset initially, + before + any assignment. This is useful only when the -n option is supplied. + + If the -f option is supplied, and job control is enabled, waits for the + specified ID to terminate, instead of waiting for it to change status. + + Exit Status: + Returns the status of the last ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid + option is given, or if -n is supplied and the shell has no unwaited-for + children. + +[wait] + Wait for process completion and return exit status. + + Waits for each process specified by a PID and reports its termination + status. + If PID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes, + and the return status is zero. PID must be a process ID. + + Exit Status: + Returns the status of the last PID; fails if PID is invalid or an + invalid + option is given. + +[for] + Execute commands for each member in a list. + + The 'for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a + list of items. If 'in WORDS ...;' is not present, then 'in \$@\' is + assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and + the COMMANDS are executed. + + Exit Status: + Returns the status of the last command executed. + +[select] + Select words from a list and execute commands. + + The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The + set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each + preceded by a number. If 'in WORDS' is not present, 'in \$@\' + is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read + from the standard input. If the line consists of the number + corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set + to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are + redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other + value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved + in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection + until a break command is executed. + + Exit Status: + Returns the status of the last command executed. + +[time] + Report time consumed by pipeline's execution. + + Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time, + and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates. + + Options: + -p print the timing summary in the portable Posix format + + The value of the TIMEFORMAT variable is used as the output format. + + Exit Status: + The return status is the return status of PIPELINE. + +[case] + Execute commands based on pattern matching. + + Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The + '|' is used to separate multiple patterns. + + Exit Status: + Returns the status of the last command executed. + +[if] + Execute commands based on conditional. + + The 'if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then + the + 'then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each 'elif COMMANDS' list + is + executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding + 'then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. + Otherwise, + the 'else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of + the + entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or + zero + if no condition tested true. + + Exit Status: + Returns the status of the last command executed. + +[while] + Execute commands as long as a test succeeds. + + Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the + 'while' COMMANDS has an exit status of zero. + + Exit Status: + Returns the status of the last command executed. - [compopt] Modify or display completion options. +[until] + Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed. - Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are - supplied, - the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, - print the completion options for each NAME or the current completion - specification. + Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the + 'until' COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero. + + Exit Status: + Returns the status of the last command executed. + +[coproc] + Create a coprocess named NAME. + + Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard + input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned + to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell. + The default NAME is \COPROC\. + + Exit Status: + The coproc command returns an exit status of 0. + +[variables] + Common shell variable names and usage. + + BASH_VERSION Version information for this Bash. + CDPATH A colon-separated list of directories to search + for directories given as arguments to 'cd'. + GLOBIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns describing filenames to + be ignored by pathname expansion. + HISTFILE The name of the file where your command history is stored. + HISTFILESIZE The maximum number of lines this file can contain. + HISTSIZE The maximum number of history lines that a running + shell can access. + HOME The complete pathname to your login directory. + HOSTNAME The name of the current host. + HOSTTYPE The type of CPU this version of Bash is running under. + IGNOREEOF Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF + character as the sole input. If set, then the value + of it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen + in a row on an empty line before the shell will exit + (default 10). When unset, EOF signifies the end of input. + MACHTYPE A string describing the current system Bash is running on. + MAILCHECK How often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail. + MAILPATH A colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks + for new mail. + OSTYPE The version of Unix this version of Bash is running on. + PATH A colon-separated list of directories to search when + looking for commands. + PROMPT_COMMAND A command to be executed before the printing of each + primary prompt. + PS1 The primary prompt string. + PS2 The secondary prompt string. + PWD The full pathname of the current directory. + SHELLOPTS A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. + TERM The name of the current terminal type. + TIMEFORMAT The output format for timing statistics displayed by the + 'time' reserved word. + auto_resume Non-null means a command word appearing on a line by + itself is first looked for in the list of currently + stopped jobs. If found there, that job is foregrounded. + A value of 'exact' means that the command word must + exactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs. A + value of 'substring' means that the command word must + match a substring of the job. Any other value means that + the command must be a prefix of a stopped job. + histchars Characters controlling history expansion and quick + substitution. The first character is the history + substitution character, usually '!'. The second is + the 'quick substitution' character, usually '^'. The + third is the 'history comment' character, usually '#'. + HISTIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which + commands should be saved on the history list. + +[pushd] + Add directories to stack. - Options: - -o option Set completion option OPTION for each NAME - -D Change options for the \default\ command completion - -E Change options for the \empty\ command completion - -I Change options for completion on the initial word + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories. + + Options: + -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding + directories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. + + Arguments: + +N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by 'dirs', starting with + zero) is at the top. + + -N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by 'dirs', starting with + zero) is at the top. + + dir Adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the + new current working directory. + + The 'dirs' builtin displays the directory stack. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory + change fails. - Using `+o' instead of `-o' turns off the specified option. +[popd] + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes + the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory. + + Options: + -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. + + Arguments: + +N Removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by 'dirs', starting with zero. For example: 'popd +0' + removes the first directory, 'popd +1' the second. + + -N Removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list + shown by 'dirs', starting with zero. For example: 'popd -0' + removes the last directory, 'popd -1' the next to last. + + The 'dirs' builtin displays the directory stack. + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories. + +[dirs] + Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories + find their way onto the list with the 'pushd' command; you can get + back up through the list with the 'popd' command. + + Options: + -c clear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements + -l do not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative + to your home directory + -p print the directory stack with one entry per line + -v print the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed + with its position in the stack + + Arguments: + +N Displays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown + by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. + + -N Displays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown + by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. + +[printf] + Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT. - Arguments: + Options: + -v var assign the output to shell variable VAR rather than + display it on the standard output + + FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: + plain + characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character + escape + sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output; and + format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next + successive + argument. + + In addition to the standard format specifications described in + printf(1), + printf interprets: + + %b expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument + %q quote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input + %(fmt)T output the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a + format + string for strftime(3) + + The format is re-used as necessary to consume all of the arguments. If + there are fewer arguments than the format requires, extra format + specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as + appropriate, + had been supplied. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or + assignment + error occurs. - Each NAME refers to a command for which a completion specification must - have previously been defined using the `complete' builtin. If no NAMEs - are supplied, compopt must be called by a function currently generating - completions, and the options for that currently-executing completion - generator are modified. +[complete] + Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline. - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not - have a completion specification defined. - - [mapfile] Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable. - - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable - ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable - MAPFILE is the default ARRAY. - - Options: - -d delim Use DELIM to terminate lines, instead of newline - -n count Copy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are - copied - -O origin Begin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default - index is 0 - -s count Discard the first COUNT lines read - -t Remove a trailing DELIM from each line read (default newline) - -u fd Read lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard - input - -C callback Evaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read - -c quantum Specify the number of lines read between each call to - CALLBACK - - Arguments: - ARRAY Array variable name to use for file data - - If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When - CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array - element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element - as additional arguments. - - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY - before assigning to it. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly - or not an indexed array. - - [readarray] Read lines from a file into an array variable. - - A synonym for `mapfile'. + For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no + options are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed + in a way that allows them to be reused as input. + + Options: + -p print existing completion specifications in a reusable format + -r remove a completion specification for each NAME, or, if no + NAMEs are supplied, all completion specifications + -D apply the completions and actions as the default for commands + without any specific completion defined + -E apply the completions and actions to \empty\ commands -- + completion attempted on a blank line + -I apply the completions and actions to the initial (usually the + command) word + + When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the + uppercase-letter options are listed above. If multiple options are + supplied, + the -D option takes precedence over -E, and both take precedence over - + I. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs. - [unset] Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions. - - For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function. - - Options: - -f treat each NAME as a shell function - -v treat each NAME as a shell variable - -n treat each NAME as a name reference and unset the variable itself - rather than the variable it references - - Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that - fails, - tries to unset a function. - - Some variables cannot be unset; also see `readonly'. +[compgen] + Display possible completions depending on the options. - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only. - - [local] Remember or display program locations. - - Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If - no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is - displayed. + Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible + completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches + against WORD are generated. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs. - Options: - -d forget the remembered location of each NAME - -l display in a format that may be reused as input - -p pathname use PATHNAME as the full pathname of NAME - -r forget all remembered locations - -t print the remembered location of each NAME, preceding - each location with the corresponding NAME if multiple - NAMEs are given - Arguments: - NAME Each NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list - of remembered commands. +[compopt] + Modify or display completion options. - Exit Status: - Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given. + Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are + supplied, + the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, + print the completion options for each NAME or the current completion + specification. + + Options: + -o option Set completion option OPTION for each NAME + -D Change options for the \default\ command completion + -E Change options for the \empty\ command completion + -I Change options for completion on the initial word + + Using '+o' instead of '-o' turns off the specified option. + + Arguments: + + Each NAME refers to a command for which a completion specification must + have previously been defined using the 'complete' builtin. If no NAMEs + are supplied, compopt must be called by a function currently generating + completions, and the options for that currently-executing completion + generator are modified. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not + have a completion specification defined. - [export] Set export attribute for shell variables. +[mapfile] + Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable. - Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently - executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before - exporting. - - Options: - -f refer to shell functions - -n remove the export property from each NAME - -p display a list of all exported variables and functions - - An argument of `--' disables further option processing. + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable + ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable + MAPFILE is the default ARRAY. + + Options: + -d delim Use DELIM to terminate lines, instead of newline + -n count Copy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are + copied + -O origin Begin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default + index is 0 + -s count Discard the first COUNT lines read + -t Remove a trailing DELIM from each line read (default newline) + -u fd Read lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard + input + -C callback Evaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read + -c quantum Specify the number of lines read between each call to + CALLBACK + + Arguments: + ARRAY Array variable name to use for file data + + If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When + CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array + element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element + as additional arguments. + + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY + before assigning to it. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly + or not an indexed array. + +[readarray] + Read lines from a file into an array variable. - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid. + A synonym for 'mapfile'. - [readonly] Mark shell variables as unchangeable. +[unset] + Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions. - Mark each NAME as read-only; the values of these NAMEs may not be - changed by subsequent assignment. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE - before marking as read-only. + For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function. + + Options: + -f treat each NAME as a shell function + -v treat each NAME as a shell variable + -n treat each NAME as a name reference and unset the variable itself + rather than the variable it references + + Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that + fails, + tries to unset a function. + + Some variables cannot be unset; also see 'readonly'. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only. - Options: - -a refer to indexed array variables - -A refer to associative array variables - -f refer to shell functions - -p display a list of all readonly variables or functions, - depending on whether or not the -f option is given +[local] + Remember or display program locations. - An argument of `--' disables further option processing. + Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If + no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is + displayed. + + Options: + -d forget the remembered location of each NAME + -l display in a format that may be reused as input + -p pathname use PATHNAME as the full pathname of NAME + -r forget all remembered locations + -t print the remembered location of each NAME, preceding + each location with the corresponding NAME if multiple + NAMEs are given + Arguments: + NAME Each NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list + of remembered commands. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given. + +[export] + Set export attribute for shell variables. - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid. + Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently + executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before + exporting. + + Options: + -f refer to shell functions + -n remove the export property from each NAME + -p display a list of all exported variables and functions + + An argument of '--' disables further option processing. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid. + +[readonly] + Mark shell variables as unchangeable. + + Mark each NAME as read-only; the values of these NAMEs may not be + changed by subsequent assignment. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE + before marking as read-only. + + Options: + -a refer to indexed array variables + -A refer to associative array variables + -f refer to shell functions + -p display a list of all readonly variables or functions, + depending on whether or not the -f option is given + + An argument of '--' disables further option processing. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid. + +[declare] + Set variable values and attributes. + + Declare variables and give them attributes. If no NAMEs are given, + display the attributes and values of all variables. + + Options: + -f\trestrict action or display to function names and definitions + -F\trestrict display to function names only (plus line number and + \t\tsource file when debugging) + -g\tcreate global variables when used in a shell function; otherwise + \t\tignored + -I\tif creating a local variable, inherit the attributes and value + \t\tof a variable with the same name at a previous scope + -p\tdisplay the attributes and value of each NAME + + Options which set attributes: + -a\tto make NAMEs indexed arrays (if supported) + -A\tto make NAMEs associative arrays (if supported) + -i\tto make NAMEs have the 'integer' attribute + -l\tto convert the value of each NAME to lower case on assignment + -n\tmake NAME a reference to the variable named by its value + -r to make NAMEs readonly + -t to make NAMEs have the 'trace' attribute + -u to convert the value of each NAME to upper case on assignment + -x to make NAMEs export + + Using '+' instead of '-' turns off the given attribute. + + Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see + the 'let' command) performed when the variable is assigned a value. + + When used in a function, 'declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the + 'local' + command. The '-g' option suppresses this behavior. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or a variable + assignment error occurs. + +[function] + Define shell function. + + Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command, + NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is + invoked, + the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's + name is in $FUNCNAME. + + Exit Status: + Returns success unless NAME is readonly. - [typeset] Set variable values and attributes. +[typeset] + Set variable values and attributes. - A synonym for `declare'. See `help declare'. + A synonym for 'declare'. See 'help declare'. - [source] Execute commands from a file in the current shell. - - Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. The - entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME. - If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters - when FILENAME is executed. - - Exit Status: - Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if - FILENAME cannot be read. - - [bind] Set Readline key bindings and variables. - - Bind a key sequence to a Readline function or a macro, or set a - Readline variable. The non-option argument syntax is equivalent to - that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be passed as a single argument: - e.g., bind '\\\C-x\\C-r\: re-read-init-file'. - - Options: - -m keymap Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this - command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs, - emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi- - move, - vi-command, and vi-insert. - -l List names of functions. - -P List function names and bindings. - -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be - reused as input. - -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their - values - -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their - values - in a form that can be reused as input. - -V List variable names and values - -v List variable names and values in a form that can - be reused as input. - -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function. - -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named - function. - -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ. - -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME. - -x keyseq:shell-command Cause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when - KEYSEQ is entered. - -X List key sequences bound with -x and associated - commands - in a form that can be reused as input. - - Exit Status: - bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs. +[source] + Execute commands from a file in the current shell. + + Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. The + entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME. + If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters + when FILENAME is executed. + + Exit Status: + Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if + FILENAME cannot be read. + +[bind] + Set Readline key bindings and variables. + + Bind a key sequence to a Readline function or a macro, or set a + Readline variable. The non-option argument syntax is equivalent to + that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be passed as a single argument: + e.g., bind '\\\C-x\\C-r\: re-read-init-file'. + + Options: + -m keymap Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this + command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs, + emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi- + move, + vi-command, and vi-insert. + -l List names of functions. + -P List function names and bindings. + -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be + reused as input. + -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their + values + -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their + values + in a form that can be reused as input. + -V List variable names and values + -v List variable names and values in a form that can + be reused as input. + -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function. + -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named + function. + -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ. + -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME. + -x keyseq:shell-command Cause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when + KEYSEQ is entered. + -X List key sequences bound with -x and associated + commands + in a form that can be reused as input. + + Exit Status: + bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs. - [test] Evaluate arithmetic expressions. - - Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in - fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 - is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is - grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are - listed - in order of decreasing precedence. - - \tid++, id--\tvariable post-increment, post-decrement - \t++id, --id\tvariable pre-increment, pre-decrement - \t-, +\t\tunary minus, plus - \t!, ~\t\tlogical and bitwise negation - \t**\t\texponentiation - \t*, /, %\t\tmultiplication, division, remainder - \t+, -\t\taddition, subtraction - \t<<, >>\t\tleft and right bitwise shifts - \t<=, >=, <, >\tcomparison - \t==, !=\t\tequality, inequality - \t&\t\tbitwise AND - \t^\t\tbitwise XOR - \t|\t\tbitwise OR - \t&&\t\tlogical AND - \t||\t\tlogical OR - \texpr ? expr : expr - \t\t\tconditional operator - \t=, *=, /=, %=, - \t+=, -=, <<=, >>=, - \t&=, ^=, |=\tassignment - - Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable - is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within - an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute - turned on to be used in an expression. - - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence - rules above. - - Exit Status: - If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise. +[test] + Evaluate arithmetic expressions. + + Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in + fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 + is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is + grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are + listed + in order of decreasing precedence. + + + id++, id-- variable post-increment, post-decrement + ++id, --id variable pre-increment, pre-decrement + -, + unary minus, plus + !, ~ logical and bitwise negation + '**' exponentiation + '*', /, % multiplication, division, remainder + +, - addition, subtraction + <<, >> left and right bitwise shifts + <=, >=, <, > comparison + ==, != equality, inequality + & bitwise AND + ^ tbitwise XOR + | bitwise OR + && logical AND + || logical OR + expr ? expr : expr + conditional operator + =, *=, /=, %=, + +=, -=, <<=, >>=, + &=, ^=, |= assignment + - [declare] Set variable values and attributes. - - Declare variables and give them attributes. If no NAMEs are given, - display the attributes and values of all variables. - - Options: - -f\trestrict action or display to function names and definitions - -F\trestrict display to function names only (plus line number and - \t\tsource file when debugging) - -g\tcreate global variables when used in a shell function; otherwise - \t\tignored - -I\tif creating a local variable, inherit the attributes and value - \t\tof a variable with the same name at a previous scope - -p\tdisplay the attributes and value of each NAME - - Options which set attributes: - -a\tto make NAMEs indexed arrays (if supported) - -A\tto make NAMEs associative arrays (if supported) - -i\tto make NAMEs have the `integer' attribute - -l\tto convert the value of each NAME to lower case on assignment - -n\tmake NAME a reference to the variable named by its value - -r to make NAMEs readonly - -t to make NAMEs have the `trace' attribute - -u to convert the value of each NAME to upper case on assignment - -x to make NAMEs export - - Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute. - - Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see - the `let' command) performed when the variable is assigned a value. - - When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the -`local' - command. The `-g' option suppresses this behavior. - - Exit Status: - Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or a variable - assignment error occurs. + Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable + is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within + an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute + turned on to be used in an expression. + + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence + rules above. + + Exit Status: + If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise. - *[other] show other command help info. +*[other] show other command help info. } helpname = { @@ -1632,81 +1709,81 @@ $cmdName -> [command5] {"[[ expression ]]"} [command6] {"for (( exp1; exp2; exp33 )); do COMMANDS ; done"} [command7] {"{ COMMAND ; }"} -[set] {set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [--] [arg ...]} -[read] {read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]} -[type] {type [-afptP] name [name ...]} -[trap] {trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]} -[alias] {alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]} -[unalias] {unalias [-a] name [name ...]} -[break] {break [n]} -[continue] {continue [n]} -[builtin] {unalias [-a] name [name ...]} -[caller] {caller [expr] } -[cd] {cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]} -[pwd] {pwd [-LP]} -[true] {true} -[shopt] {shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]} -[false] {false} -[command] {command [-pVv] command [arg ...]} -[echo] {echo [-neE] [arg ...]} -[enable] {enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...] } -[getopts] {getopts optstring name [arg ...]} -[exec] {exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [argument ...]] [redirection ...] } -[exit] {exit [n]} -[logout] {logout [n]} -[fc] {fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]} -[fg] {fg [job_spec] } -[bg] {bg [job_spec ...]} -[hash] {hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...]} -[help] {help [-dms] [pattren ...]} -[history] {history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]} -[jobs] {jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args]} -[disown] {disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ... | pid ...]} -[kill] {kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]} -[let] {let arg [arg ...]} -[shift] {shift [n]} -[suspend] {suspend [-f]} -[eval] {eval [arg ...]} -[times] {times} -[ulimit] {ulimit [-SHabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPT] [ulimit]} -[umask] {umask [-p] [-S] [pattern]} -[return] {return [n]} -[wait] {wait [-fn] [-p var] [id ...]} -[for] {for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done} -[select] {select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done} -[time] {time [-p] pipeline} -[case] {case WORD in [pattern [| pattern]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac} -[if] {if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi} -[while] {while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done} -[until] {until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done} -[coproc] {coproc [NAME] COMMANDS [redirections]} -[variables] {variables - variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables} -[pushd] {pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]} -[popd] {popd [-n] [+N | -N]} -[dirs] {dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]} -[printf] {printf [-v var] format [arguments]} -[complete] {complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]} -[compgen] {compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]} -[compopt] {compopt [-o|+o option] [-DEI] [name ...]} -[mapfile] {mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]]} -[unset] {unset [-f] [-v] [-n] [NAME ...]} -[readarray] {readarray [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]} -[local] {local [option] name[=value] ... } -[export] {export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -p} -[readonly] {readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -p} -[function] {function NAME { COMMANDS ; } 或 name () { COMMANDS ; } } -[typeset] {typeset [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [-p] name[=value] ...} -[source] {source filename [arguments]} -[bind] {bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command] } -[test] {test [expr]} -[declare] {declare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...]} -*[other] show other command help info.. +[set] {"set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [--] [arg ...]"} +[read] {"read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]"} +[type] {"type [-afptP] name [name ...]"} +[trap] {"trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]"} +[alias] {"alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]"} +[unalias] {"unalias [-a] name [name ...]"} +[break] {"break [n]"} +[continue] {"continue [n]"} +[builtin] {"unalias [-a] name [name ...]"} +[caller] {"caller [expr] "} +[cd] {"cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]"} +[pwd] {"pwd [-LP]"} +[true] {"true"} +[shopt] {"shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"} +[false] {"false"} +[command] {"command [-pVv] command [arg ...]"} +[echo] {"echo [-neE] [arg ...]"} +[enable] {"enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...] "} +[getopts] {"getopts optstring name [arg ...]"} +[exec] {"exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [argument ...]] [redirection ...] "} +[exit] {"exit [n]"} +[logout] {"logout [n]"} +[fc] {"fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]"} +[fg] {"fg [job_spec] "} +[bg] {"bg [job_spec ...]"} +[hash] {"hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...]"} +[help] {"help [-dms] [pattren ...]"} +[history] {"history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]"} +[jobs] {"jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args]"} +[disown] {"disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ... | pid ...]"} +[kill] {"kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]"} +[let] {"let arg [arg ...]"} +[shift] {"shift [n]"} +[suspend] {"suspend [-f]"} +[eval] {"eval [arg ...]"} +[times] {"times"} +[ulimit] {"ulimit [-SHabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPT] [ulimit]"} +[umask] {"umask [-p] [-S] [pattern]"} +[return] {"return [n]"} +[wait] {"wait [-fn] [-p var] [id ...]"} +[for] {"for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done"} +[select] {"select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done"} +[time] {"time [-p] pipeline"} +[case] {"case WORD in [pattern [| pattern]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac"} +[if] {"if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi"} +[while] {"while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done"} +[until] {"until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done"} +[coproc] {"coproc [NAME] COMMANDS [redirections]"} +[variables] {"variables - variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"} +[pushd] {"pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"} +[popd] {"popd [-n] [+N | -N]"} +[dirs] {"dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"} +[printf] {"printf [-v var] format [arguments]"} +[complete] {"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]"} +[compgen] {"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"} +[compopt] {"compopt [-o|+o option] [-DEI] [name ...]"} +[mapfile] {"mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]]"} +[unset] {"unset [-f] [-v] [-n] [NAME ...]"} +[readarray] {"readarray [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]"} +[local] {"local [option] name[=value] ... "} +[export] {"export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -p"} +[readonly] {"readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -p"} +[function] {"function NAME { COMMANDS ; } 或 name () { COMMANDS ; } "} +[typeset] {"typeset [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [-p] name[=value] ..."} +[source] {"source filename [arguments]"} +[bind] {"bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command] "} +[test] {"test [expr]"} +[declare] {"declare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...]"} +*[other] {"show other command help info.."} } -information = These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list. - Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'. - Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general. - Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list. +information = These shell commands are defined internally. Type 'help' to see this list. + Type 'help name' to find out more about the function 'name'. + Use 'info bash' to find out more about the shell in general. + Use 'man -k' or 'info' to find out more about commands not in this list. A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled. helperr = "no help topics match {$name} .Try 'help help' or 'man -k {$name}' or info {$name}" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bash-5.1/resources/zh-CN/message.ftl b/bash-5.1/resources/zh-CN/message.ftl index 6971cd9..4db338e 100644 --- a/bash-5.1/resources/zh-CN/message.ftl +++ b/bash-5.1/resources/zh-CN/message.ftl @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ helplongdoc ={ $cmdName -> -[command0] 在前台继续任务 +[command0] + 在前台继续任务 对于 JOB_SPEC 参数来说和 `fg' 命令等同。继续一个 停止的或者后台任务。JOB_SPEC 可以指定一个任务 名字或任务号。在 JOB_SPEC 后加上一个 `&' 将会把 @@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ $cmdName -> 退出状态： 返回最后执行的命令的状态。 + [command7] 将命令组合为一个单元。 @@ -721,27 +723,26 @@ $cmdName -> 误。下列操作符被按照相同的算术优先级组合。列表的顺序按照 优先级从高至低。 - - \tid++, id--\t变量后置加，后置减 - \t++id, --id\t变量前置加，前置减 - \t-, +\t\t一元减法，一元加法 - \t!, ~\t\t逻辑和位取反 - \t**\t\t指数 - \t*, /, %\t\t乘法，除法，取余数 - \t+, -\t\t增加，减少 - \t<<, >>\t\t向左和向右按位移位 - \t<=, >=, <, >\t比较 - \t==, !=\t\t等于，不等于 - \t&\t\t按位与 - \t^\t\t按位异或 - \t|\t\t按位或 - \t&&\t\t逻辑与 - \t||\t\t逻辑或 - \texpr ? expr : expr - \t\t\t条件操作符 - \t=, *=, /=, %=, - \t+=, -=, <<=, >>=, - \t&=, ^=, |=\t赋值 + id++, id-- 变量后置加，后置减 + ++id, --id 变量前置加，前置减 + -, + 一元减法，一元加法 + !, ~ 逻辑和位取反 + '**' 指数 + '*', /, '%' 乘法，除法，取余数 + +, - 增加，减少 + <<, >> 向左和向右按位移位 + <=, >=, <, > 比较 + ==, != 等于，不等于 + & 按位与 + ^ 按位异或 + | 按位或 + && 逻辑与 + || 逻辑或 + expr ? expr : expr + 条件操作符 + =, *=, /=, %=, + +=, -=, <<=, >>=, + &=, ^=, |= 赋值 Shell 变量允许作为操作数。表达式中的变量的名称会被取代以值 (强制转换为定宽的整数)。表达式中的变量不需要打开整数属性。 @@ -1413,26 +1414,27 @@ $cmdName -> 优先级从高至低。 - \tid++, id--\t变量后置加，后置减 - \t++id, --id\t变量前置加，前置减 - \t-, +\t\t一元减法，一元加法 - \t!, ~\t\t逻辑和位取反 - \t**\t\t指数 - \t*, /, %\t\t乘法，除法，取余数 - \t+, -\t\t增加，减少 - \t<<, >>\t\t向左和向右按位移位 - \t<=, >=, <, >\t比较 - \t==, !=\t\t等于，不等于 - \t&\t\t按位与 - \t^\t\t按位异或 - \t|\t\t按位或 - \t&&\t\t逻辑与 - \t||\t\t逻辑或 - \texpr ? expr : expr - \t\t\t条件操作符 - \t=, *=, /=, %=, - \t+=, -=, <<=, >>=, - \t&=, ^=, |=\t赋值 + id++, id-- 变量后置加，后置减 + ++id, --id 变量前置加，前置减 + -, + 一元减法，一元加法 + !, ~ 逻辑和位取反 + '**' 指数 + '*', /, % 乘法，除法，取余数 + +, - 增加，减少 + <<, >> 向左和向右按位移位 + <=, >=, <, > 比较 + ==, != 等于，不等于 + & 按位与 + ^ 按位异或 + | 按位或 + && 逻辑与 + || 逻辑或 + expr ? expr : expr + 条件操作符 + =, *=, /=, %=, + +=, -=, <<=, >>=, + &=, ^=, |= 赋值 + Shell 变量允许作为操作数。表达式中的变量的名称会被取代以值 (强制转换为定宽的整数)。表达式中的变量不需要打开整数属性。 diff --git a/bash-5.1/resources/zh-HK/message.ftl b/bash-5.1/resources/zh-HK/message.ftl index 6971cd9..4db338e 100644 --- a/bash-5.1/resources/zh-HK/message.ftl +++ b/bash-5.1/resources/zh-HK/message.ftl @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ helplongdoc ={ $cmdName -> -[command0] 在前台继续任务 +[command0] + 在前台继续任务 对于 JOB_SPEC 参数来说和 `fg' 命令等同。继续一个 停止的或者后台任务。JOB_SPEC 可以指定一个任务 名字或任务号。在 JOB_SPEC 后加上一个 `&' 将会把 @@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ $cmdName -> 退出状态： 返回最后执行的命令的状态。 + [command7] 将命令组合为一个单元。 @@ -721,27 +723,26 @@ $cmdName -> 误。下列操作符被按照相同的算术优先级组合。列表的顺序按照 优先级从高至低。 - - \tid++, id--\t变量后置加，后置减 - \t++id, --id\t变量前置加，前置减 - \t-, +\t\t一元减法，一元加法 - \t!, ~\t\t逻辑和位取反 - \t**\t\t指数 - \t*, /, %\t\t乘法，除法，取余数 - \t+, -\t\t增加，减少 - \t<<, >>\t\t向左和向右按位移位 - \t<=, >=, <, >\t比较 - \t==, !=\t\t等于，不等于 - \t&\t\t按位与 - \t^\t\t按位异或 - \t|\t\t按位或 - \t&&\t\t逻辑与 - \t||\t\t逻辑或 - \texpr ? expr : expr - \t\t\t条件操作符 - \t=, *=, /=, %=, - \t+=, -=, <<=, >>=, - \t&=, ^=, |=\t赋值 + id++, id-- 变量后置加，后置减 + ++id, --id 变量前置加，前置减 + -, + 一元减法，一元加法 + !, ~ 逻辑和位取反 + '**' 指数 + '*', /, '%' 乘法，除法，取余数 + +, - 增加，减少 + <<, >> 向左和向右按位移位 + <=, >=, <, > 比较 + ==, != 等于，不等于 + & 按位与 + ^ 按位异或 + | 按位或 + && 逻辑与 + || 逻辑或 + expr ? expr : expr + 条件操作符 + =, *=, /=, %=, + +=, -=, <<=, >>=, + &=, ^=, |= 赋值 Shell 变量允许作为操作数。表达式中的变量的名称会被取代以值 (强制转换为定宽的整数)。表达式中的变量不需要打开整数属性。 @@ -1413,26 +1414,27 @@ $cmdName -> 优先级从高至低。 - \tid++, id--\t变量后置加，后置减 - \t++id, --id\t变量前置加，前置减 - \t-, +\t\t一元减法，一元加法 - \t!, ~\t\t逻辑和位取反 - \t**\t\t指数 - \t*, /, %\t\t乘法，除法，取余数 - \t+, -\t\t增加，减少 - \t<<, >>\t\t向左和向右按位移位 - \t<=, >=, <, >\t比较 - \t==, !=\t\t等于，不等于 - \t&\t\t按位与 - \t^\t\t按位异或 - \t|\t\t按位或 - \t&&\t\t逻辑与 - \t||\t\t逻辑或 - \texpr ? expr : expr - \t\t\t条件操作符 - \t=, *=, /=, %=, - \t+=, -=, <<=, >>=, - \t&=, ^=, |=\t赋值 + id++, id-- 变量后置加，后置减 + ++id, --id 变量前置加，前置减 + -, + 一元减法，一元加法 + !, ~ 逻辑和位取反 + '**' 指数 + '*', /, % 乘法，除法，取余数 + +, - 增加，减少 + <<, >> 向左和向右按位移位 + <=, >=, <, > 比较 + ==, != 等于，不等于 + & 按位与 + ^ 按位异或 + | 按位或 + && 逻辑与 + || 逻辑或 + expr ? expr : expr + 条件操作符 + =, *=, /=, %=, + +=, -=, <<=, >>=, + &=, ^=, |= 赋值 + Shell 变量允许作为操作数。表达式中的变量的名称会被取代以值 (强制转换为定宽的整数)。表达式中的变量不需要打开整数属性。 diff --git a/record.txt b/record.txt index 749f996..5217753 100644 --- a/record.txt +++ b/record.txt @@ -98,3 +98,4 @@ 97 98 99 +100 -- Gitee