From d7eb2e8c43615608b084febf51f958d0264166d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Gui ze yu <2970307356@qq.com> Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2023 23:13:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/3] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BD=9C=E4=B8=9A?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...\344\270\216\345\241\253\345\200\274 .md" | 36 +- ...14\350\277\220\347\256\227\347\254\246.md" | 103 ++++ .../\344\275\234\344\270\232.docx" | Bin 0 -> 28529 bytes .../\344\275\234\344\270\232.md" | 555 ++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 680 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) create mode 100644 "09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/SELECT\350\257\255\345\217\245\345\222\214\350\277\220\347\256\227\347\254\246.md" create mode 100644 "09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232.docx" create mode 100644 "09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232.md" diff --git "a/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/DDL\345\222\214DML_\345\273\272\350\241\250\344\270\216\345\241\253\345\200\274 .md" "b/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/DDL\345\222\214DML_\345\273\272\350\241\250\344\270\216\345\241\253\345\200\274 .md" index 938941b..f10d8fc 100644 --- "a/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/DDL\345\222\214DML_\345\273\272\350\241\250\344\270\216\345\241\253\345\200\274 .md" +++ "b/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/DDL\345\222\214DML_\345\273\272\350\241\250\344\270\216\345\241\253\345\200\274 .md" @@ -284,26 +284,34 @@ B． 雇员表（emoloyee）：雇员编号（empid），姓名（name），性 * ​ 雇员编号为主键； * ​ 部门编号为外键，外键约束等级为（on update cascade 和on delete set null）； * ​ 性别默认为男； -mysql> CREATE TABLE emoloyee( - -> empid int PRIMARY key , +mysql> set @@foreign_key_checks =0; +Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) + +mysql> create table emoloyee( + -> empid int primary key, -> name varchar(10), - -> sex enum('男','女') not null DEFAULT '男', - -> title varchar(10), + -> sex varchar(1) default'男', + -> title int, -> birthday date, -> depid int, - -> constraint fk_department - -> FOREIGN key (depid) REFERENCES department(depid) on UPDATE cascade on delete set null - -> )comment 'emoloyee' ; + -> foreign key(depid) references department(depid) on update cascade on delete set null + -> ) comment 'emoloyee'; +Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) C． 工资表（salary）：雇员编号（empid），基本工资（basesalary），职务工资（titlesalary），扣除（deduction）。其中雇员编号为主键。 3、给工资表（salary）的雇员编号（empid）增加外键约束，外键约束等级为（on update cascade 和on delete cascade）: -mysql> CREATE table salary( - -> empid int PRIMARY KEY, - -> basesalary int , - -> titlesalary int , - -> deduction int null, - -> constraint fk_emoloyee - -> FOREIGN KEY (empid) REFERENCES emoloyee(empid) on update cascade on delete cascade +mysql> create table salary( + -> empid int primary key, + -> basesalary varchar(10), + -> titlesalary varchar(20), + -> deduction int -> ) comment 'salary' ; +Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) +mysql> alter table salary + -> add foreign key(empid) + -> references emoloyee(empid); +Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) +Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 + 添加数据： mysql> INSERT INTO department VALUES(111,'生产部',null), -> (222,'销售部',null), diff --git "a/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/SELECT\350\257\255\345\217\245\345\222\214\350\277\220\347\256\227\347\254\246.md" "b/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/SELECT\350\257\255\345\217\245\345\222\214\350\277\220\347\256\227\347\254\246.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5fdf4c8 --- /dev/null +++ "b/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/SELECT\350\257\255\345\217\245\345\222\214\350\277\220\347\256\227\347\254\246.md" @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +## 第1题：员工表 + +```mysql +drop table if exists `employee`; +#创建employee表 +CREATE TABLE employee( + id INT, + `name` VARCHAR(20), + sex VARCHAR(20), + tel VARCHAR(20), + addr VARCHAR(50), + salary FLOAT +); + +#添加信息 +INSERT INTO employee(id,`name`,sex,tel,addr,salary)VALUES +(10001,'张一一','男','13456789000','广东韶关',10010.58), +(10002,'刘小红','女','13454319000','广东江门',12010.21), +(10003,'李四','男','0751-1234567','广东佛山',10040.11), +(10004,'刘小强','男','0755-5555555','广东深圳',15010.23), +(10005,'王艳','男',NULL,'广东广州',14050.16); +``` + +| **id** | **name** | **sex** | **tel** | **addr** | **salary** | +| ------ | -------- | ------- | ------------ | -------- | ---------- | +| 10001 | 张一一 | 男 | 13456789000 | 广东韶关 | 10010.58 | +| 10002 | 刘小红 | 女 | 13454319000 | 广东江门 | 12010.21 | +| 10003 | 李四 | 男 | 0751-1234567 | 广东佛山 | 10040.11 | +| 10004 | 刘小强 | 男 | 0755-5555555 | 广东深圳 | 15010.23 | +| 10005 | 王艳 | 女 | NULL | 广东广州 | 14050.16 | + +**要求1：**查询出薪资在12000~13000之间的员工信息。 + +**要求2：**查询出姓“刘”的员工的工号，姓名，家庭住址。 + +**要求3：**将“李四”的家庭住址改为“广东韶关” + +**要求4：**查询出名字中带“小”的员工 + +**要求5：**查询出薪资高于11000的男员工信息 + +**要求6：**查询没有登记电话号码的员工 + +**要求7：**查询薪资高于12000或者家是广东深圳、广州的男员工 + +**要求8：**查询每个员工的年薪，显示“姓名、年薪” + +```sql +查询出薪资在12000~13000之间的员工信息: +SELECT * from employee WHERE salary <=13000 and salary >=12000; +查询出姓“刘”的员工的工号，姓名，家庭住址: +SELECT id,name,addr from employee WHERE name like '刘%'; +SELECT id,name,addr from employee WHERE name like '刘__'; +将“李四”的家庭住址改为“广东韶关”: +update employee set name ="李四",addr ="广东韶关" where id =10003; + +``` + +## 第2题：国家信息表 + +countries_info表中存储了国家名称、所属大陆、面积、人口和 GDP 值。 + + + +表数据样例： + + +-------------+-----------+---------+------------+--------------+ + | name | continent | area | population | gdp | + +-------------+-----------+---------+------------+--------------+ + | Afghanistan | Asia | 652230 | 25500100 | 20343000000 | + | Albania | Europe | 28748 | 2831741 | 12960000000 | + | Algeria | Africa | 2381741 | 37100000 | 188681000000 | + | Andorra | Europe | 468 | 78115 | 3712000000 | + | Angola | Africa | 1246700 | 20609294 | 100990000000 | + +-------------+-----------+---------+------------+--------------+ + +**要求1：** 查询大国 的国家名称、人口和面积。 + +如果一个国家满足下述两个条件之一，则认为该国是 大国 ： + +* 面积至少为 300万平方公里（即，3000000 km2） + +* 人口至少为 2500 万（即 25000000） + +**要求2：**查询属于亚洲的国家名称、所属大陆、面积、人口和 GDP 值 + +**要求3：**查询国土面积不足1万平方公里且人口不走10万人的国家信息 + +**要求4：**查询国家名字中包含“o“字母的国家信息 + +**要求5：**查询GDP值超过10000000000的国家信息 + +**要求6：**查询每个国家的人均贡献GDP值（GDP/人口总数）并显示为“国家名、人口、GDP值、人均贡献GDP值” + +**要求7：**查询人均贡献GDP值低于1000的国家信息。 + +**要求8：**查询每个国家的人均国土面积（面积/人口总数）并显示为“国家名、面积、人口、人均国土面积值” + +```sql + +``` + + diff --git "a/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232.docx" "b/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232.docx" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73235ab3037f2b6414001022a3554a43124a493c GIT binary patch literal 28529 zcmeEtWm{d{lI>>W?hZkNy9amo0Kwhe-QC?axVyW%OMu`Gf#AXI?!4!8-@Z@xKj^zY ztS`&vsv0$GjG8qSWxydY08juJ002M&2ngBdNe2S}YM=oCbN~!cOT^CB*~HdaPsPLD z#7T$2-Nu@@00Kz$9RLK~|NoEw#TIBvky98DLqJ4P|g=8d2nZbWlNKzV7%f zZ?Nxc;wJd?AWzLULM)b_MsYsXb=kOhu(^9)%Kj70aA6D6I{rZeO5U@0vr4}^Ny z5)H02_!y_YU~hy077)e$OUs3)LvF z-=G$L!CG#*dI=TmXk>d zw@rBD?Xw=+1H$6R2RK0S{|V>}RbR+=(3M?KyuyP5TF=qM+KG|j@A>}+^8e!K{V%^> 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table Student( +Sno varchar(20) not null primary key comment'学号', +Sname varchar(20) not null comment'学生姓名', +Ssex varchar(20) not null comment'学生性别', +Sbirthday datetime null comment'学生出生年月', +Class varchar(20) null comment'学生所在班级' +) comment'学生表'; +create table Course( +Cno varchar(20) not null primary key comment'课程号', +Cname varchar(20) not null comment'课程名称', +Tno varchar(20) not null comment'教工编号' +) comment'课程表'; +create table Score( +Sno varchar(20) not null comment'学号', +Cno varchar(20) not null comment'课程号', +primary key(Sno,Cno), +Degree Decimal(4,1) null comment'成绩' +) comment'成绩表'; +create table Teacher( +Tno varchar(20) not null primary key comment'教工编号', +Tname varchar(20) not null comment'教工姓名', +Tsex varchar(20) not null comment'教工性别', +Tbirthday datetime null comment'教工出生年月', +Prof varchar(20) null comment'职称', +Depart varchar(20) not null comment'教工所在部门' +) comment'教师表'; +alter table Course +add FOREIGN key(Tno) references Teacher(Tno); +insert into Student +(Sno,Sname,Ssex,Sbirthday,class) +values +(108,"曾华","男","1977-9-1",95033), +(105,"匡明","男","1975-10-2",95031), +(107,"王丽","女","1976-1-23",95033), +(101,"李军","男","1976-2-20",95033), +(109,"王芳","女","1975-2-10",95031), +(103,"陆君","男","1974-6-3",95031); +set foreign_key_checks = 0; +insert into Course +(Cno,Cname,Tno) +values +(3-105,"计算机导论",825), +(3-245,"操作系统",804), +(6-166,"数字电路",856), +(9-888,"高等数学",831); +insert into Score +(Sno,Cno,Degree) +values +(103,3-245,86), +(105,3-245,75), +(109,3-245,68), +(103,3-105,92), +(105,3-105,88), +(109,3-105,76), +(101,3-105,64), +(107,3-105,91), +(108,3-105,78), +(101,6-166,85), +(107,6-166,79), +(108,6-166,81); +insert into Teacher +values +(804,"李城","男","1958-12-2","副教授","计算机系"), +(856,"张旭","男","1969-3-12","讲师","电子工程系"), +(825,"王萍","女","1972-5-5","助教","计算机系"), +(831,"刘冰","女","1977-8-14","助教","电子工程系"); +-- 1,查询所有学生，都学了哪些课程，要显示学生信息和课程信息/ +select * from Student inner join Course; +-- 2，查询没有学生的教师的所有信息 +select DISTINCT Sname,Tname from Student cross join Teacher WHERE Sname is null; +4 .查询 + ①　查询Score表中的最高分的学生学号和课程号。 + select min(Sno),Cno from Score; + ②　查询所有学生的Sname、Cno和Degree列。 + select Sname,Cno,Degree from Student inner join Score; +③　查询所有学生的Sno、Cname和Degree列。 +select Student.Sno,Cname,Degree from Student inner join Course Cross join Score; + +④　查询所有学生的Sname、Cname和Degree列。 +select Sname,Cname,Degree from Student inner join Course cross join score; +⑤　查询“95033”班学生的平均分。 +⑥　查询选修“3-105”课程的成绩高于“109”号同学成绩的所有同学的记录。 +select Cno,Degree from Score WHERE Cno <=> (3-105) or Degree >109; +⑦　查询score中选学多门课程的同学中分数为非最高分成绩的记录。 +select min(Degree) from Score; +⑧　查询成绩高于学号为“109”、课程号为“3-105”的成绩的所有记录。 +select Student.Sno,Course.Cno from Student inner join Course cross join Score WHERE Course.Cno =3-105 or Student.Sno >109; +⑨　查询和学号为108的同学同年出生的所有学生的Sno、Sname和Sbirthday列。 +select Sno,Sname,Sbirthday from Student where Sbirthday = 1977-9-1 xor Sno = 108; +⑩　查询“张旭“教师任课的学生成绩。 +select Tname,Degree from Student inner join Score cross join Teacher where Tname ="张旭"; +11　查询选修某课程的同学人数多于5人的教师姓名。 +select DISTINCT Tname from Student inner join Teacher cross join Course WHERE Sno>5 ; +12　查询出“计算机系“教师所教课程的成绩表。 +select Tname,Cname,Degree,Depart from Teacher inner join Score cross join Course where Depart ="计算机系"; +13　查询“计算机系”与“电子工程系“不同职称的教师的Tname和Prof。 +select Tname,Prof,Depart from Teacher WHERE Depart ='计算机系' or Depart ='电子工程系'; +14　查询选修编号为“3-105“课程且成绩至少高于选修编号为“3-245”的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree,并按Degree从高到低次序排序。 +select Cno,Sno,Degree from Score WHERE Cno <=>(3-105) xor Cno > (3-245) ORDER BY Degree DESC; +15　查询选修编号为“3-105”且成绩高于选修编号为“3-245”课程的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree. +select Cno,Sno,Degree from Score WHERE Cno =(3-105) xor Cno >(3-245); +16　查询成绩比该课程平均成绩低的同学的成绩表。 +select *from Student Score inner join Course ; +17　查询所有任课教师的Tname和Depart. +select Tname,Depart from Teacher ; +18　查询所有未讲课的教师的Tname和Depart. +select Tname,Depart from Teacher inner join Course WHERE not Cname; +19　查询“男”教师及其所上的课程。 +select Tname,Cname,Tsex from Teacher inner join Course WHERE Tsex ='男'; +20　查询最高分同学的Sno、Cno和Degree列。 +select Student.Sno,Cno,Degree from Score inner join Student ; +21　查询和“李军”同性别的所有同学的Sname. +select Sname ,Ssex from Student WHERE Ssex ='男'; +22　查询和“李军”同性别并同班的同学Sname. +select Sname ,Ssex,class from Student WHERE Ssex ='男' and class =95033; +23　查询所有选修“计算机导论”课程的“男”同学的成绩表。 +select Cname,Ssex,Degree from Course inner join Score cross join Student HAVING Cname='计算机导论' and Ssex='男'; +``` + +笔记 + +- **什么是分组查询？** + +> 将查询结果按照1个或多个字段进行分组，字段值相同的为一组 +> 其实就是按照某一列进行分类 + +- **分组使用** + +> **SELECT gender from employee GROUP BY gender;** +> +> 根据gender字段来分组，gender字段的全部值只有两个('男'和'女'),所以分为了两组 +> 当group by单独使用时，只显示出每一组的第一条记录 +> 所以group by单独使用时的实际意义不大 + +![img](https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-2dd056cc432e89898c80cbacf78c3dda_720w.webp) + +对这个表进行GROUP BY操作 + +```text +SELECT * FROM employee; +``` + +![img](https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-650d569e895acc26b20d0a0edc2596e6_720w.webp) + +只显示了每一组第一条记录 + +男生的第一个人是张三 女生的第一个人是王五 + +![img](https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-a289b4d4803b3e9869656420f5c87d75_720w.webp) + +所以说GROUP BY 一般不单独使用 + + + +**一般来说 你按照什么分组 就查询什么东西** + +**比如：** + +```text +select department from employee group by department; +``` + +![img](https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-9f78a7bd599627321b0323af525d6ff9_720w.webp) + +查询结果如上。 + +**分完组然后呢？** + +- **如何对分组后的结果进行查询？** + +**关键字：group_concat()** + +将职员表 按照部门分组 查询每个部门职员的姓名 + +```text +select department,group_concat(name) from employee group by department; +``` + +结果如下： + +![img](https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-ae5227cf66ecdc638e79980dede53499_720w.webp) + +------ + +- **GROUP BY + 聚合函数** + +**for example:** + +将职员表 按照部门分组 查询每个部门职员的薪水 和 **薪水总数** + +```text +select department,group_concat(salary),sum(salary) from employee group by department; +``` + +![img](https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-9b5ca13455b29ebcf2e598d38ea87754_720w.webp) + +> 查询每个部门的名称 以及 每个部门的人数 + +```mysql +select department,group_concat(name),count(*) from employee group by department; +``` + +> 查询每个部门的部门名称 以及 每个部门工资大于1500的人数 + +PS：**先把大于1500的人查出来 再做分组** + +```text +select department,group_concat(salary),count(*) from employee group by department; +``` + +------ + +**group by + having** + +- 用来分组**查询后**制定一些条件来输出查询结果 +- having的作用和where一样，但having只能用于group by +- 查询工资总和大于9000的部门名称以及工资和 + +```text +SELECT department,GROUP_CONCAT(salary),SUM(salary) FROM employee +GROUP BY department HAVING SUM(salary) > 9000; +``` + +- having和where的区别 + +> having是在分组后对数据进行过滤 +> where是在分组前对数据进行过滤 +> having后面可以使用分组函数（统计函数) +> where后面不可以使用分组函数 +> where是对分组前记录的条件，如果某行记录没有满足where子句的条件，那么这行记录不会参加分组；而having是对分组后数据的约束 + + + +- 查询工资和大于2000的 工资总和大于6000的部门名称以及工资和 + +```text +SELECT department,GROUP_CONCAT(salary).SUM(salary) FROM employee +WHERE salary > 2000 +GROUP BY department +HAVING SUNM(salary) > 9000 +ORDER BY SUM(salary) DESC; +//降序排列 +``` + +------ + +**书写顺序** + +![img](https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-166d3cee10b01a68e90af2a5d5ed9866_720w.webp) + +------ + +**Limit的使用** + +![img](https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-cc55920af6e230cfe251bf53dd35a9c6_720w.webp) + +```text +SELECT * FROM employee LIMIT 3,3; +``` + +**从第三行开始 取三条数据** + +**PS：行是从0开始数的** + +![img](https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-320efb37091a14d6e9b35e997c81941a_720w.webp) + +![img](https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-29ecf40b5281d6f98d6a78ecac889ab8_720w.webp) + +------ + +**limit可以用于分页操作** + +![img](https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-71ce51c3e1d647067bc562f362b88ee6_720w.webp) + +- **什么是分组查询？** + +> 将查询结果按照1个或多个字段进行分组，字段值相同的为一组 +> 其实就是按照某一列进行分类 + +- **分组使用** + +> **SELECT gender from employee GROUP BY gender;** +> +> 根据gender字段来分组，gender字段的全部值只有两个('男'和'女'),所以分为了两组 +> 当group by单独使用时，只显示出每一组的第一条记录 +> 所以group by单独使用时的实际意义不大 + +![img](https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-2dd056cc432e89898c80cbacf78c3dda_720w.webp) + +对这个表进行GROUP BY操作 + +```text +SELECT * FROM employee; +``` + +![img](https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-650d569e895acc26b20d0a0edc2596e6_720w.webp) + +只显示了每一组第一条记录 + +男生的第一个人是张三 女生的第一个人是王五 + +![img](https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-a289b4d4803b3e9869656420f5c87d75_720w.webp) + +所以说GROUP BY 一般不单独使用 + + + +**一般来说 你按照什么分组 就查询什么东西** + +**比如：** + +```text +select department from employee group by department; +``` + +![img](https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-9f78a7bd599627321b0323af525d6ff9_720w.webp) + +查询结果如上。 + +**分完组然后呢？** + +- **如何对分组后的结果进行查询？** + +**关键字：group_concat()** + +将职员表 按照部门分组 查询每个部门职员的姓名 + +```text +select department,group_concat(name) from employee group by department; +``` + +结果如下： + +![img](https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-ae5227cf66ecdc638e79980dede53499_720w.webp) + +------ + +- **GROUP BY + 聚合函数** + +**for example:** + +将职员表 按照部门分组 查询每个部门职员的薪水 和 **薪水总数** + +```text +select department,group_concat(salary),sum(salary) from employee group by department; +``` + +![img](https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-9b5ca13455b29ebcf2e598d38ea87754_720w.webp) + +> 查询每个部门的名称 以及 每个部门的人数 + +```mysql +select department,group_concat(name),count(*) from employee group by department; +``` + +> 查询每个部门的部门名称 以及 每个部门工资大于1500的人数 + +PS：**先把大于1500的人查出来 再做分组** + +```text +select department,group_concat(salary),count(*) from employee group by department; +``` + +------ + +**group by + having** + +- 用来分组**查询后**制定一些条件来输出查询结果 +- having的作用和where一样，但having只能用于group by +- 查询工资总和大于9000的部门名称以及工资和 + +```text +SELECT department,GROUP_CONCAT(salary),SUM(salary) FROM employee +GROUP BY department HAVING SUM(salary) > 9000; +``` + +- having和where的区别 + +> having是在分组后对数据进行过滤 +> where是在分组前对数据进行过滤 +> having后面可以使用分组函数（统计函数) +> where后面不可以使用分组函数 +> where是对分组前记录的条件，如果某行记录没有满足where子句的条件，那么这行记录不会参加分组；而having是对分组后数据的约束 + + + +- 查询工资和大于2000的 工资总和大于6000的部门名称以及工资和 + +```text +SELECT department,GROUP_CONCAT(salary).SUM(salary) FROM employee +WHERE salary > 2000 +GROUP BY department +HAVING SUNM(salary) > 9000 +ORDER BY SUM(salary) DESC; +//降序排列 +``` + +------ + +**书写顺序** + +![img](https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-166d3cee10b01a68e90af2a5d5ed9866_720w.webp) + +------ + +**Limit的使用** + +![img](https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-cc55920af6e230cfe251bf53dd35a9c6_720w.webp) + +```text +SELECT * FROM employee LIMIT 3,3; +``` + +**从第三行开始 取三条数据** + +**PS：行是从0开始数的** + +![img](https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-320efb37091a14d6e9b35e997c81941a_720w.webp) + +![img](https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-29ecf40b5281d6f98d6a78ecac889ab8_720w.webp) + +------ + +**limit可以用于分页操作** + +![img](https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-71ce51c3e1d647067bc562f362b88ee6_720w.webp) + +```mysql +inner join,full outer join,left join,right jion +内部连接 inner join 两表都满足的组合 +full outer 全连 两表相同的组合在一起，A表有，B表没有的数据（显示为null）,同样B表有 +A表没有的显示为(null) +A表 left join B表 左连,以A表为基础，A表的全部数据，B表有的组合。没有的为null +A表 right join B表 右连,以B表为基础，B表的全部数据，A表的有的组合。没有的为null + + +查询分析器中执行： +--建表table1,table2： +create table table1(id int,name varchar(10)) +create table table2(id int,score int) +insert into table1 select 1,'lee' +insert into table1 select 2,'zhang' +insert into table1 select 4,'wang' +insert into table2 select 1,90 +insert into table2 select 2,100 +insert into table2 select 3,70 +如表 +------------------------------------------------- +table1|table2| +------------------------------------------------- +idname|idscore| +1lee|190| +2zhang|2100| +4wang|370| +------------------------------------------------- + +以下均在查询分析器中执行 + +一、外连接 +1.概念：包括左向外联接、右向外联接或完整外部联接 + +2.左连接：left join 或 left outer join +(1)左向外联接的结果集包括 LEFT OUTER 子句中指定的左表的所有行，而不仅仅是联接列所匹配的行。如果左表的某行在右表中没有匹配行，则在相关联的结果集行中右表的所有选择列表列均为空值(null)。 +(2)sql语句 +select * from table1 left join table2 on table1.id=table2.id +-------------结果------------- +idnameidscore +------------------------------ +1lee190 +2zhang2100 +4wangNULLNULL +------------------------------ +注释：包含table1的所有子句，根据指定条件返回table2相应的字段，不符合的以null显示 + +3.右连接：right join 或 right outer join +(1)右向外联接是左向外联接的反向联接。将返回右表的所有行。如果右表的某行在左表中没有匹配行，则将为左表返回空值。 +(2)sql语句 +select * from table1 right join table2 on table1.id=table2.id +-------------结果------------- +idnameidscore +------------------------------ +1lee190 +2zhang2100 +NULLNULL370 +------------------------------ +注释：包含table2的所有子句，根据指定条件返回table1相应的字段，不符合的以null显示 + +4.完整外部联接:full join 或 full outer join +(1)完整外部联接返回左表和右表中的所有行。当某行在另一个表中没有匹配行时，则另一个表的选择列表列包含空值。如果表之间有匹配行，则整个结果集行包含基表的数据值。 +(2)sql语句 +select * from table1 full join table2 on table1.id=table2.id +-------------结果------------- +idnameidscore +------------------------------ +1lee190 +2zhang2100 +4wangNULLNULL +NULLNULL370 +------------------------------ +注释：返回左右连接的和（见上左、右连接） + +二、内连接 +1.概念：内联接是用比较运算符比较要联接列的值的联接 + +2.内连接：join 或 inner join + +3.sql语句 +select * from table1 join table2 on table1.id=table2.id +-------------结果------------- +idnameidscore +------------------------------ +1lee190 +2zhang2100 +------------------------------ +注释：只返回符合条件的table1和table2的列 + +4.等价（与下列执行效果相同） +A:select a.*,b.* from table1 a,table2 b where a.id=b.id +B:select * from table1 cross join table2 where table1.id=table2.id (注：cross join后加条件只能用where,不能用on) + +三、交叉连接(完全) + +1.概念：没有 WHERE 子句的交叉联接将产生联接所涉及的表的笛卡尔积。第一个表的行数乘以第二个表的行数等于笛卡尔积结果集的大小。（table1和table2交叉连接产生3*3=9条记录） + +2.交叉连接：cross join (不带条件where...) + +3.sql语句 +select * from table1 cross join table2 +-------------结果------------- +idnameidscore +------------------------------ +1lee190 +2zhang190 +4wang190 +1lee2100 +2zhang2100 +4wang2100 +1lee370 +2zhang370 +4wang370 +------------------------------ +注释：返回3*3=9条记录，即笛卡尔积 + +4.等价（与下列执行效果相同） +A:select * from table1,table2 +``` + + + + + -- Gitee From dd8d4ce104f59bf2380b75dac7940b2e4abf45f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Gui ze yu <2970307356@qq.com> Date: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 16:36:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BD=9C=E4=B8=9A?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...34\344\270\232\347\255\224\346\241\210.md" | 145 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 73 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-) rename "09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232.md" => "09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232\347\255\224\346\241\210.md" (81%) diff --git "a/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232.md" "b/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232\347\255\224\346\241\210.md" similarity index 81% rename from "09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232.md" rename to "09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232\347\255\224\346\241\210.md" index 7673772..74da7dd 100644 --- "a/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232.md" +++ "b/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232\347\255\224\346\241\210.md" @@ -3,122 +3,123 @@ drop database users; create database users charset=utf8; use users; create table Student( -Sno varchar(20) not null primary key comment'学号', +Sno varchar(20) not null comment'学号', Sname varchar(20) not null comment'学生姓名', Ssex varchar(20) not null comment'学生性别', -Sbirthday datetime null comment'学生出生年月', -Class varchar(20) null comment'学生所在班级' +primary key(Sno), +Sbirthday datetime comment'学生出生年月', +Class varchar(20) comment'学生所在班级' ) comment'学生表'; create table Course( -Cno varchar(20) not null primary key comment'课程号', +Cno varchar(20) not null comment'课程号', Cname varchar(20) not null comment'课程名称', +primary key(Cno), Tno varchar(20) not null comment'教工编号' ) comment'课程表'; create table Score( Sno varchar(20) not null comment'学号', Cno varchar(20) not null comment'课程号', primary key(Sno,Cno), -Degree Decimal(4,1) null comment'成绩' +Degree Decimal(4,1) comment'成绩' ) comment'成绩表'; create table Teacher( -Tno varchar(20) not null primary key comment'教工编号', +Tno varchar(20) not null comment'教工编号', Tname varchar(20) not null comment'教工姓名', Tsex varchar(20) not null comment'教工性别', -Tbirthday datetime null comment'教工出生年月', -Prof varchar(20) null comment'职称', +Tbirthday datetime comment'教工出生年月', +Prof varchar(20) comment'职称', +primary key(Tno), Depart varchar(20) not null comment'教工所在部门' ) comment'教师表'; -alter table Course -add FOREIGN key(Tno) references Teacher(Tno); +alter table Course +add foreign key(Tno) references Teacher(Tno); insert into Student -(Sno,Sname,Ssex,Sbirthday,class) -values -(108,"曾华","男","1977-9-1",95033), -(105,"匡明","男","1975-10-2",95031), -(107,"王丽","女","1976-1-23",95033), -(101,"李军","男","1976-2-20",95033), -(109,"王芳","女","1975-2-10",95031), -(103,"陆君","男","1974-6-3",95031); -set foreign_key_checks = 0; +values +(108,'曾华','男','1977-9-1',95033), +(105,'匡明','男','1975-10-2',95031), +(107,'王丽','女','1976-1-23',95033), +(101,'李军','男','1976-2-20',95033), +(109,'王芳','女','1975-2-10',95031), +(103,'陆君','男','1974-6-3',95031); +set @@foreign_key_checks=0; insert into Course -(Cno,Cname,Tno) -values -(3-105,"计算机导论",825), -(3-245,"操作系统",804), -(6-166,"数字电路",856), -(9-888,"高等数学",831); +values +('3-105','计算机导论',825), +('3-245','操作系统',804), +('6-166','数字电路',856), +('9-888','高等数学',831); insert into Score -(Sno,Cno,Degree) -values -(103,3-245,86), -(105,3-245,75), -(109,3-245,68), -(103,3-105,92), -(105,3-105,88), -(109,3-105,76), -(101,3-105,64), -(107,3-105,91), -(108,3-105,78), -(101,6-166,85), -(107,6-166,79), -(108,6-166,81); -insert into Teacher values -(804,"李城","男","1958-12-2","副教授","计算机系"), -(856,"张旭","男","1969-3-12","讲师","电子工程系"), -(825,"王萍","女","1972-5-5","助教","计算机系"), -(831,"刘冰","女","1977-8-14","助教","电子工程系"); +(103,'3-245',86), +(105,'3-245',76), +(109,'3-245',68), +(103,'3-105',92), +(105,'3-105',88), +(109,'3-105',76), +(101,'3-105',64), +(107,'3-105',91), +(108,'3-105',78), +(101,'6-166',85), +(107,'6-166',79), +(108,'6-166',81); +insert into Teacher +values +(804,'李诚','男','1958-12-2','副教授','计算机系'), +(856,'张旭','男','1969-3-12','讲师','电子工程系'), +(825,'王萍','女','1972-5-5','助教','计算机系'), +(831,'刘冰','女','1977-8-14','助教','电子工程系'); +set @@foreign_key_checks=1; -- 1,查询所有学生，都学了哪些课程，要显示学生信息和课程信息/ -select * from Student inner join Course; +select * from Student inner join Course; -- 2，查询没有学生的教师的所有信息 -select DISTINCT Sname,Tname from Student cross join Teacher WHERE Sname is null; -4 .查询 - ①　查询Score表中的最高分的学生学号和课程号。 - select min(Sno),Cno from Score; - ②　查询所有学生的Sname、Cno和Degree列。 - select Sname,Cno,Degree from Student inner join Score; +select Tname from Student inner join Teacher WHERE Sno <=> null; +4. 查询 +①　查询Score表中的最高分的学生学号和课程号。 +select Sno,Cno from Score where Degree =92; +②　查询所有学生的Sname、Cno和Degree列。 +select distinct Sname,Cno,Degree from Student cross join Score; ③　查询所有学生的Sno、Cname和Degree列。 -select Student.Sno,Cname,Degree from Student inner join Course Cross join Score; - +select distinct Student.Sno,Cname,Degree from Student inner join Course cross join Score; ④　查询所有学生的Sname、Cname和Degree列。 -select Sname,Cname,Degree from Student inner join Course cross join score; +select distinct Sname,Cname,Degree from Student inner join Course cross join Score; ⑤　查询“95033”班学生的平均分。 +select AVG(Degree),Class from Student inner join Score where Class=95033; ⑥　查询选修“3-105”课程的成绩高于“109”号同学成绩的所有同学的记录。 -select Cno,Degree from Score WHERE Cno <=> (3-105) or Degree >109; +select Degree from Score where Degree > 76; ⑦　查询score中选学多门课程的同学中分数为非最高分成绩的记录。 -select min(Degree) from Score; +select MIN(Degree) from Score; ⑧　查询成绩高于学号为“109”、课程号为“3-105”的成绩的所有记录。 -select Student.Sno,Course.Cno from Student inner join Course cross join Score WHERE Course.Cno =3-105 or Student.Sno >109; +select * from Score where Degree >76; ⑨　查询和学号为108的同学同年出生的所有学生的Sno、Sname和Sbirthday列。 -select Sno,Sname,Sbirthday from Student where Sbirthday = 1977-9-1 xor Sno = 108; +select Sno,Sname,Sbirthday from Student where Sbirthday=1977; ⑩　查询“张旭“教师任课的学生成绩。 -select Tname,Degree from Student inner join Score cross join Teacher where Tname ="张旭"; +select Degree from Teacher inner join Score where Tname='张旭'; 11　查询选修某课程的同学人数多于5人的教师姓名。 -select DISTINCT Tname from Student inner join Teacher cross join Course WHERE Sno>5 ; +select distinct Tname from Score inner join Teacher where Sno >5; 12　查询出“计算机系“教师所教课程的成绩表。 -select Tname,Cname,Degree,Depart from Teacher inner join Score cross join Course where Depart ="计算机系"; +select distinct Degree from Teacher inner join Score where Depart ='计算机系'; 13　查询“计算机系”与“电子工程系“不同职称的教师的Tname和Prof。 -select Tname,Prof,Depart from Teacher WHERE Depart ='计算机系' or Depart ='电子工程系'; +select Tname,Prof from Teacher where Depart ='计算机系' or Depart ='电子工程系'; 14　查询选修编号为“3-105“课程且成绩至少高于选修编号为“3-245”的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree,并按Degree从高到低次序排序。 -select Cno,Sno,Degree from Score WHERE Cno <=>(3-105) xor Cno > (3-245) ORDER BY Degree DESC; +select Cno,Sno,Degree from Score where Cno ='3-105' xor Degree > Cno ='3-245' xor Degree order by Degree desc ; 15　查询选修编号为“3-105”且成绩高于选修编号为“3-245”课程的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree. -select Cno,Sno,Degree from Score WHERE Cno =(3-105) xor Cno >(3-245); +select Cno,Sno,Degree from Score where Cno ='3-105' xor Degree > Cno ='3-245' xor Degree; 16　查询成绩比该课程平均成绩低的同学的成绩表。 -select *from Student Score inner join Course ; +select Degree from Score group by Degree having AVG(Degree); 17　查询所有任课教师的Tname和Depart. -select Tname,Depart from Teacher ; +select Tname,Depart from Teacher; 18　查询所有未讲课的教师的Tname和Depart. -select Tname,Depart from Teacher inner join Course WHERE not Cname; +select Tname,Depart from Teacher inner join Course where Cname is null; 19　查询“男”教师及其所上的课程。 -select Tname,Cname,Tsex from Teacher inner join Course WHERE Tsex ='男'; +select Tname,Tsex,Cname from Teacher inner join Course where Tsex ='男'; 20　查询最高分同学的Sno、Cno和Degree列。 -select Student.Sno,Cno,Degree from Score inner join Student ; +select Sno,Cno,Degree from Score where Degree =92; 21　查询和“李军”同性别的所有同学的Sname. -select Sname ,Ssex from Student WHERE Ssex ='男'; +select Sname from Student where Ssex ='男' and Sname != '李军'; 22　查询和“李军”同性别并同班的同学Sname. -select Sname ,Ssex,class from Student WHERE Ssex ='男' and class =95033; +select Sname from Student where Ssex ='男' and Sname != '李军' and Class ='95033'; 23　查询所有选修“计算机导论”课程的“男”同学的成绩表。 -select Cname,Ssex,Degree from Course inner join Score cross join Student HAVING Cname='计算机导论' and Ssex='男'; +select Degree from Course inner join Score cross join Student where Cname ='计算机导论' and Ssex ='男'; ``` 笔记 -- Gitee From f9107a5e4a44d62aa73e27e8ed835ecd492f542b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Gui ze yu <2970307356@qq.com> Date: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 21:17:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BD=9C=E4=B8=9A?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../\344\275\234\344\270\232\347\255\224\346\241\210.md" | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git "a/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232\347\255\224\346\241\210.md" "b/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232\347\255\224\346\241\210.md" index 74da7dd..e998148 100644 --- "a/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232\347\255\224\346\241\210.md" +++ "b/09 \346\241\202\346\263\275\347\205\234/\344\275\234\344\270\232\347\255\224\346\241\210.md" @@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ select Tname from Student inner join Teacher WHERE Sno <=> null; 4. 查询 ①　查询Score表中的最高分的学生学号和课程号。 select Sno,Cno from Score where Degree =92; +select Sno,Cno from Score WHERE Degree <=> (Select MAX(Degree) from Score); ②　查询所有学生的Sname、Cno和Degree列。 select distinct Sname,Cno,Degree from Student cross join Score; ③　查询所有学生的Sno、Cname和Degree列。 @@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ select Cno,Sno,Degree from Score where Cno ='3-105' xor Degree > Cno ='3-245' x 15　查询选修编号为“3-105”且成绩高于选修编号为“3-245”课程的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree. select Cno,Sno,Degree from Score where Cno ='3-105' xor Degree > Cno ='3-245' xor Degree; 16　查询成绩比该课程平均成绩低的同学的成绩表。 -select Degree from Score group by Degree having AVG(Degree); +select Degree from Score where Degree <(select AVG(Degree) from Score); 17　查询所有任课教师的Tname和Depart. select Tname,Depart from Teacher; 18　查询所有未讲课的教师的Tname和Depart. @@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ select Tname,Depart from Teacher inner join Course where Cname is null; select Tname,Tsex,Cname from Teacher inner join Course where Tsex ='男'; 20　查询最高分同学的Sno、Cno和Degree列。 select Sno,Cno,Degree from Score where Degree =92; +select Sno,Cno,Degree from Score where Degree = (select MAX(Degree) from Score); 21　查询和“李军”同性别的所有同学的Sname. select Sname from Student where Ssex ='男' and Sname != '李军'; 22　查询和“李军”同性别并同班的同学Sname. -- Gitee