diff --git "a/20 \345\224\220\345\256\207\345\247\227/20250422 \350\267\257\347\224\261\351\207\215\345\210\206\345\217\221.md" "b/20 \345\224\220\345\256\207\345\247\227/20250422 \350\267\257\347\224\261\351\207\215\345\210\206\345\217\221.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3d2df4e51ad642560212431c76e51ca003e73e18 --- /dev/null +++ "b/20 \345\224\220\345\256\207\345\247\227/20250422 \350\267\257\347\224\261\351\207\215\345\210\206\345\217\221.md" @@ -0,0 +1,545 @@ +# 笔记 + +在路由器上配置多路由协议间的重分发，比如将路由协议A重分发到路由协议B中，要先进入路由协议B的路由模式下，然后再执行redistribute命令进行重分发的操作，并配置相应的路由选路参数。 + +#步骤1：先将负责转发的路由器，设置好各种协议，RIP\OSPF\静态 + +##### 将RIP转成OSPF + + 1.先进入目标协议OSPF +Router(config)：router ospf 1 +2.将来源RIP重分发 +Router(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets // 获取来自RIP子网络的路由进行分发 + +##### 将OSPF转成RIP + + 1.先进入目标协议RIP +Router(config)：router rip +Router(config-router)：version 2 +2.将来源OSPF重分发 +Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 5 // 获取来自OSPF进程1的路由进行重分发，且设置metric为5 + +##### 将静态转成OSPF + + 1.先进入目标协议OSPF +Router(config)：router ospf 1 + 2.将来源静态重分发 +Router(config-router)#redistribute static subnets + + +# 注意： +# 只能将静态重分发为动态，而不能将动态重分发为静态，所以指向动态的方向可以用默认路由，指向具体静态网络时，要写具体 + +# 练习 + + + +#### RIP和OSPF相连（没有中转路由器） + +![image-20250423174520650](https://gitee.com/tangyushan123/image/raw/master/img/upgit_20250423_1745401525.png) + +##### 测试 + +![image-20250423181617112](https://gitee.com/tangyushan123/image/raw/master/img/upgit_20250423_1745403377.png) + +##### 以左边OSPF为中转路由的话，rip协议要宣告2.2.2.0和3.3.3.0网络段 + +```cmd +Router>en +Router#conf t +Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. +Router(config)#interface g0/0 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown +Router(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.1 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)#ex +Router(config)#interface g0/1 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown +Router(config-if)# +%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up +%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up + +Router(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)#ex +Router(config)#end +Router# +%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console + +Router#show ip route +Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP + D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area + N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 + E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP + i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area + * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR + P - periodic downloaded static route + +Gateway of last resort is not set + + 2.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 2.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 +L 2.2.2.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 + 3.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 3.3.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 +L 3.3.3.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 + +Router#conf t +Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. +Router(config)#router rip +Router(config-router)#version 2 +Router(config-router)#network 3.3.3.0 +Router(config-router)#network 2.2.2.0 +Router(config-router)#ex +Router(config)# + +``` + + ##### 左边OSPF协议宣告1.1.1.0网络段，并且2.2.2.0网络段要在左边路由器用RIP协议宣告一次 + +```cmd +Router>en +Router#conf t +Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. +Router(config)#interface g0/0 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown +Router(config-if)# +%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up + +%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up +Router(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)#ex +Router(config)#interface g0/1 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown + +Router(config-if)# +%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up + +Router(config-if)#ip ad +Router(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)#ex +Router(config)# +Router(config)#router ospf 1 +Router(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 +Router(config-router)#end +Router# +%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console + +Router#conf t +Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. +Router(config)#rou +Router(config)#router rip #要用rip再次宣告2.2.2.0网络段 +Router(config-router)#version 2 +Router(config-router)#network 2.2.2.0 +Router(config-router)#ex + +Router(config)#router rip +Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 5 +Router(config-router)#ex +Router(config)#router ospf 1 +Router(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets +Router(config)#end +Router# +%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console + +Router#show ip route +Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP + D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area + N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 + E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP + i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area + * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR + P - periodic downloaded static route + +Gateway of last resort is not set + + 1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 1.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 +L 1.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 + 2.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 2.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 +L 2.2.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 +R 3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:09, GigabitEthernet0/1 + +Router# +``` + +#### OSPF和静态（依旧没有中转路由器）[只能以OSPF所在的路由器作为中转路由器，静态模式进不去] + +![image-20250423180048633](https://gitee.com/tangyushan123/image/raw/master/img/upgit_20250423_1745402448.png) + +##### 左边OSPF路由器宣告10.10.10.0网络段，并且IP route 30.30.30.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.20.2 + +```cmd +Router>en +Router#conf t +Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. +Router(config)#interface g0/1 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown + +Router(config-if)# +%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up + +%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up +Router(config-if)#ip address 20.20.20.1 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)#ex +Router(config)#interface g0/0 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown + +Router(config-if)# +%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up + +%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up + +Router(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)#ex +Router(config)#router ospf 1 +Router(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 +Router(config-router)#ex +Router(config)#ip route 30.30.30.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.20.2 #要宣告30.0网络段 +Router(config)#ex +Router# +%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console + +Router#conf t +Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. +Router(config)#router ospf 1 +Router(config-router)#redistribute static subnets +Router(config-router)#end +Router# +%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console + +Router#show ip route +Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP + D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area + N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 + E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP + i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area + * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR + P - periodic downloaded static route + +Gateway of last resort is not set + + 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 10.10.10.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 +L 10.10.10.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 + 20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 20.20.20.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 +L 20.20.20.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 + 30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets +S 30.30.30.0/24 [1/0] via 20.20.20.2 + +Router# +``` + +##### 测试 + +![image-20250423181543857](https://gitee.com/tangyushan123/image/raw/master/img/upgit_20250423_1745403344.png) + +##### 左边静态 + +```cmd +Router>en +Router#conf t +Router(config)#interface g0/0 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown + +Router(config-if)# +%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up + +%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up +Router(config-if)#ip address 30.30.30.1 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)#ex +Router(config)#interface g0/1 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown + +Router(config-if)# +%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up + +Router(config-if)#ip address 20.20.20.2 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)# +%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up + +Router(config-if)#ex +Router(config)#ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.20.1 +Router(config)# +``` + +#### RIP与静态 + +##### 左边RIP路由器宣告50.50.50.0网络段，并且IP route 70.70.70.0 255.255.255.0 60.60.60.2 + +```cmd +Router>en +Router#conf t +Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. +Router(config)#interface g0/0 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown +Router(config-if)# +%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up + +%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up +Router(config-if)#ip address 50.50.50.2 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)#ex +Router(config)#interface g0/1 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown + +Router(config-if)# +%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up + +%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up +Router(config-if)#ip address 60.60.60.1 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)#ex +Router(config)#router rip +Router(config-router)#version 2 +Router(config-router)#network 50.50.50.0 +Router(config-router)#ex +Router(config)#ip route 70.70.70.0 255.255.255.0 60.60.60.2 +Router(config)#router rip +Router(config-router)#redistribute static +Router(config)#end +Router# +%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console + +Router#show ip route +Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP + D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area + N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 + E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP + i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area + * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR + P - periodic downloaded static route + +Gateway of last resort is not set + + 50.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 50.50.50.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 +L 50.50.50.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 + 60.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 60.60.60.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 +L 60.60.60.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 + 70.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets +S 70.70.70.0/24 [1/0] via 60.60.60.2 + +Router# +``` + +##### 静态 + +```cmd +Router>en +Router#conf t +Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. +Router(config)#interface g0/0 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown + +Router(config-if)# +%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up + +%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up + +Router(config-if)#ip address 70.70.70.1 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)#ex +Router(config)#interface g0/1 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown + +Router(config-if)# +%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up + +Router(config-if)#ip address 60.60.60.2 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)#ex +Router(config)# +%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up + +Router(config)#ip route 50.50.50.0 255.255.255.0 60.60.60.1 +Router(config)# +``` + +##### 测试 + +![image-20250423181458765](https://gitee.com/tangyushan123/image/raw/master/img/upgit_20250423_1745403298.png) + +# 作业 + +![image-20250423183920513](https://gitee.com/tangyushan123/image/raw/master/img/upgit_20250423_1745404760.png) + +#### 路由器2 OSPF协议宣告20.20.20.0网络段 + +#### 路由器0（1） RIP协议 宣告30.30.30.0 网络段 + +#### 路由器1（2） 静态 + +```cmd +Router>en +Router#conf t +Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. +Router(config)#interface g0/2 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown + +Router(config-if)# +%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up + +Router(config-if)#ip address 40.40.40.2 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)#ex + +Router#conf t +Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. +Router(config)#no ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 40.40.40.1 +Router(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 40.40.40.1 +Router(config)#ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 40.40.40.1 +Router(config)#ip route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 40.40.40.1 +Router(config)#ip route 192.168.120.0 255.255.255.0 40.40.40.1 +Router(config)#end +Router# +%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console + +Router#show ip route +Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP + D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area + N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 + E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP + i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area + * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR + P - periodic downloaded static route + +Gateway of last resort is not set + + 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks +C 10.30.10.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 +L 10.30.10.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 +C 10.30.20.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 +L 10.30.20.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 + 40.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 40.40.40.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2 +L 40.40.40.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2 +S 192.168.10.0/24 [1/0] via 40.40.40.1 +S 192.168.20.0/24 [1/0] via 40.40.40.1 +S 192.168.100.0/24 [1/0] via 40.40.40.1 +S 192.168.120.0/24 [1/0] via 40.40.40.1 +S 192.168.200.0/24 [1/0] via 10.30.10.1 +S 192.168.220.0/24 [1/0] via 10.30.20.2 + +Router# +``` + +#### 路由器3 做中转路由负责宣告和重分发 + +```cmd +Router(config)#int g0/1 +Router(config-if)#ip address 20.20.20.2 255.255.255.0 +Router(config)#int g0/2 +Router(config-if)#ip address 30.30.30.1 255.255.255.0 +Router(config)#router rip +Router(config-router)#version 2 +Router(config-router)#network 30.30.30.0 +Router(config-router)#ex +Router(config)#router ospf 1 +Router(config-router)#network 20.20.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 +Router(config-router)#ex +Router(config)#end +Router# +%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console + +Router#show ip route +Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP + D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area + N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 + E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP + i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area + * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR + P - periodic downloaded static route + +Gateway of last resort is not set + + 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks +R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 30.30.30.2, 00:00:17, GigabitEthernet0/1 +O 10.10.10.0/24 [110/3] via 20.20.20.1, 00:00:31, GigabitEthernet0/0 +O 10.10.20.0/24 [110/2] via 20.20.20.1, 00:00:31, GigabitEthernet0/0 + 20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 20.20.20.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 +L 20.20.20.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 + 30.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 30.30.30.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 +L 30.30.30.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 +O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/4] via 20.20.20.1, 00:00:31, GigabitEthernet0/0 +O 192.168.20.0/24 [110/2] via 20.20.20.1, 00:00:31, GigabitEthernet0/0 +R 192.168.100.0/24 [120/1] via 30.30.30.2, 00:00:17, GigabitEthernet0/1 +R 192.168.120.0/24 [120/3] via 30.30.30.2, 00:00:17, GigabitEthernet0/1 + +Router#conf t +Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. +Router(config)#route rip +Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 met +Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 5 +Router(config-router)#exit +Router(config)#route ospf 1 +Router(config-router)#re rip sub +Router(config-router)#exit +Router(config)#interface g0/2 +Router(config-if)#no shutdown + +Router(config-if)# +%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up + +%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up +Router(config-if)#ip address 40.40.40.1 255.255.255.0 +Router(config-if)#ex +Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 40.40.40.2 +Router(config)#end +Router# +%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console +Router#conf t +Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. +Router(config)#ip route 192.168.200.0 255.255.255.0 40.40.40.2 #静态 +Router(config)#ip route 192.168.220.0 255.255.255.0 40.40.40.2 +Router(config)#end +Router# +%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console + +Router#conf t +Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. +Router(config)#router rip +Router(config-router)#redistribute static +Router(config-router)#ex +Router(config)#router ospf 1 +Router(config-router)#redistribute static subnets +Router(config-router)#ex +Router(config)#end +Router# +%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console + +Router#show ip route +Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP + D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area + N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 + E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP + i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area + * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR + P - periodic downloaded static route + +Gateway of last resort is not set + + 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks +R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 30.30.30.2, 00:00:13, GigabitEthernet0/1 +O 10.10.10.0/24 [110/3] via 20.20.20.1, 00:16:34, GigabitEthernet0/0 +O 10.10.20.0/24 [110/2] via 20.20.20.1, 00:16:34, GigabitEthernet0/0 + 20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 20.20.20.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 +L 20.20.20.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 + 30.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 30.30.30.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 +L 30.30.30.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 + 40.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks +C 40.40.40.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2 +L 40.40.40.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2 +O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/4] via 20.20.20.1, 00:16:34, GigabitEthernet0/0 +O 192.168.20.0/24 [110/2] via 20.20.20.1, 00:16:34, GigabitEthernet0/0 +R 192.168.100.0/24 [120/1] via 30.30.30.2, 00:00:13, GigabitEthernet0/1 +R 192.168.120.0/24 [120/3] via 30.30.30.2, 00:00:13, GigabitEthernet0/1 +S 192.168.200.0/24 [1/0] via 40.40.40.2 +S 192.168.220.0/24 [1/0] via 40.40.40.2 + +Router# +``` + +##### 测试 + +![image-20250423184841752](https://gitee.com/tangyushan123/image/raw/master/img/upgit_20250423_1745405321.png) \ No newline at end of file