diff --git "a/\347\254\254\344\272\214\346\234\237\350\256\255\347\273\203\350\220\245/5\347\217\255/5\347\217\255_\344\272\221/week15/debug\343\200\201URL\351\205\215\347\275\256\343\200\201HttpRequest\343\200\201HttpResponse-\350\247\206\345\233\276-15-1noteyun.md" "b/\347\254\254\344\272\214\346\234\237\350\256\255\347\273\203\350\220\245/5\347\217\255/5\347\217\255_\344\272\221/week15/debug\343\200\201URL\351\205\215\347\275\256\343\200\201HttpRequest\343\200\201HttpResponse-\350\247\206\345\233\276-15-1noteyun.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c8ac68854cc673c00f7438080028b9dd63826d89 --- /dev/null +++ "b/\347\254\254\344\272\214\346\234\237\350\256\255\347\273\203\350\220\245/5\347\217\255/5\347\217\255_\344\272\221/week15/debug\343\200\201URL\351\205\215\347\275\256\343\200\201HttpRequest\343\200\201HttpResponse-\350\247\206\345\233\276-15-1noteyun.md" @@ -0,0 +1,262 @@ +15-1noteyun + +``` +https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/2.0/ + +E:\PycharmProjects\Spider_Code\mysite + +(py37b) E:\PycharmProjects\Spider_Code\mysite> +``` + + + +# DEBUG + +# URL配置 + +image-20210409151553457 + +当接收一个`HttpRequest`对象时, `django`会自上而下地寻找`urlpatterns`进行匹配 + +> 起点就是ROOT_URLCONF中设置的路径 + +- urlpatterns + + 它是 [`django.urls.path()`](https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/3.0/ref/urls/#django.urls.path) 和(或) [`django.urls.re_path()`](https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/3.0/ref/urls/#django.urls.re_path) 实例的序列 + + ```python + urlpatterns = [ + path('polls/', include("polls.urls")), + path('admin/', admin.site.urls), + ] + ``` + +- URL匹配 + + - 变量匹配 + + ```python + path('/vote/', views.vote, name='vote'), + ``` + + image-20210409151842587 + + - 要捕获的部分由`<>`包围 + - `int`代表数据类型, 也可以是`str` + - 默认是在路径的结尾添加`/` + + - 正则匹配 + + > 其实是封装re正则表达式模块 + > + > ^表示开头, $表示结尾. 防止上级路径捕获次级路径的情况 + + ```python + import re + + path = "5/vote/" + m = re.match(r'^(?P\d+)/vote/$', path) + print(m.group("question_id")) + ``` + + ```python + re_path(r'^(?P\d+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote') + ``` + +- include + + `include`可以将其他`urlconf`添加到当前的`urlpatterns`序列当中. + +# HttpRequest + +- 获取当前url的路径 + + ``` + request.path + ``` + +- 获取当前请求对象的method + + ``` + request.method + ``` + +- 获取当前请求体 + + ``` + request.body + ``` + + - 获取POST携带的data参数 + + ```python + data_dict = request.POST + choice = request.POST['choice'] + ``` + + - 获取GET携带的params参数 + + ```python + params_dict = request.GET + ``` + +- 获取当前请求的session + + ``` + reqeust.session + ``` + +- 获取当前请求的cookie + + ``` + cookie_dict = request.COOKIES + ``` + +- 获取当前的域名 + + ``` + request.get_host() + ``` + +- 获取当前传输数据类型 + + ``` + request.content_type + ``` + +# HttpResponse类型 + +- 模板 + + ```python + return render(request, 'polls/results.html', {'question': question}) + ``` + +- 返回字符串 + + ```python + return HttpResponse('test') + ``` + +- 返回JSON格式的字符串 + + > 虽然本质和HttpResponse(json.dumps({})) 一致, 但是JsonResponse提供了更多的功能 + + ```python + from django.http import JsonResponse + + return JsonResponse({'choice': 2}, safe=False) + ``` + +- 返回文件 + + ```python + from django.http import FileResponse + + def file_test(request): + filename = "views.py" + with open("polls/views.py", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f: + response = FileResponse(f.read()) + response['content-type'] = "application/octet-stream" + response['content-disposition'] = f"attachment; filename={filename}" + return response + ``` + +- 返回异常 + + ``` + raise Http404() + ``` + +# 视图 + +> HTTP协议请求方式 +> +> GET(查), POST(增), PUT(改), DELETE(删) +> +> POST(增), DELETE(删),PUT(改),GET(查) + +- 基于函数的视图 + + ```python + def index(request): + """ + request 就是作为参数传递进来的请求对象 + :param request: + :return: HttpResponse 处理完请求的返回对象 + """ + latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5] + context = { + 'latest_question_list': latest_question_list, + } + return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context) + ``` + + - 绑定url + + ``` + path('', views.index, name='index'), + ``` + + - 用函数实现`restful api` + + ```python + def index_get(request): + pass + + + def index_post(request): + pass + + def index_put(request): + pass + + def index_delete(request): + pass + ``` + +- 基于类的视图 + + ```python + class IndexView(generic.TemplateView): + template_name = "polls/index.html" + + def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): + latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5] + context = { + 'latest_question_list': latest_question_list, + } + return context + ``` + + - 绑定url + + ``` + path('', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'), + ``` + + - 用类实现`restfulapi` + + 只需要绑定一次`path`, 会根据`HttpRequest.method`自动选择相应的处理方法. + + ```python + class IndexView(generic.View): + def get(self, *args, **kwargs): + pass + + def post(self, *args, **kwargs): + pass + + def put(self, *args, **kwargs): + pass + + def delete(self, *args, **kwargs): + pass + ``` + +# 课后作业 + +- 练习URL匹配 +- 熟悉HttpRequest的属性和方法 +- 练习HttpResponse的返回类型 +- 练习两种视图 \ No newline at end of file diff --git "a/\347\254\254\344\272\214\346\234\237\350\256\255\347\273\203\350\220\245/5\347\217\255/5\347\217\255_\344\272\221/week15/\345\210\233\345\273\272\345\274\200\345\217\221\347\216\257\345\242\203\343\200\201\351\235\231\346\200\201\350\265\204\346\272\220\343\200\201\346\250\241\345\236\213\345\261\202\343\200\201\350\247\206\345\233\276\345\261\20215-2noteyun.md" "b/\347\254\254\344\272\214\346\234\237\350\256\255\347\273\203\350\220\245/5\347\217\255/5\347\217\255_\344\272\221/week15/\345\210\233\345\273\272\345\274\200\345\217\221\347\216\257\345\242\203\343\200\201\351\235\231\346\200\201\350\265\204\346\272\220\343\200\201\346\250\241\345\236\213\345\261\202\343\200\201\350\247\206\345\233\276\345\261\20215-2noteyun.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9bca5c98d10ae5aa07d12d9798953871c2f6f7b7 --- /dev/null +++ "b/\347\254\254\344\272\214\346\234\237\350\256\255\347\273\203\350\220\245/5\347\217\255/5\347\217\255_\344\272\221/week15/\345\210\233\345\273\272\345\274\200\345\217\221\347\216\257\345\242\203\343\200\201\351\235\231\346\200\201\350\265\204\346\272\220\343\200\201\346\250\241\345\236\213\345\261\202\343\200\201\350\247\206\345\233\276\345\261\20215-2noteyun.md" @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +15-2noteyun + +``` +https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/2.0/ +E:\PycharmProjects\Spider_Code\mysite +(py37b) E:\PycharmProjects\Spider_Code\mysite> +``` + +# 选择hexo模板 + +> https://hexo.io/themes/ + +# 创建开发环境 + +- 创建虚拟环境 + +- 安装依赖 + + - 批量导出安装的第三方库 + + ```python + pip freeze >> requirements.txt + ``` + + - 批量安装第三方库 + + ```python + pip install -r requirements.txt + ``` + +# 静态资源 + +> 前端框架最终都会转为HTML, CSS, JS的形式在浏览器中完成渲染 +> +> 我们只要自定义静态资源中的内容九可以达到自动博客主题的目的 + +- 在`settings`中配置静态资源 + + - templates + + ```python + TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates")], // 添加模板所在目录路径 + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, + ] + ``` + + - static + + ```python + # http://127.0.0.1:8000/static/xxx.js + STATIC_URL = '/static/' + STATICFILES_DIRS = [ + os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"), + ] + ``` + +- 在路由`urls`中配置静态资源访问url路径 + + ```python + urlpatterns = [ + path('admin/', admin.site.urls), + ] + static(settings.STATIC_URL) + ``` + +# 修改模板文件 + +``` +略 +``` + +# 创建模型层 + +```python +class Article(models.Model): + title = models.CharField(max_length=200) + text = models.TextField() + url = models.CharField(max_length=200) + update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) + create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) + + class Meta: + db_table = "article" + + def __str__(self): + return f"
" +``` + +- 将当前模型添加到admin管理后台中 + +# 修改视图层 + +```python +from django.shortcuts import render +from django.views.generic import TemplateView +from .models import Article +# Create your views here. +import math + + +class IndexView(TemplateView): + template_name = "index.html" + + def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): + article_list = Article.objects.order_by("-create_time") + for article in article_list: + article.pub_date = article.create_time.strftime("%m-%d").replace("-", "月") + article.length = len(article.text) + article.read_time = math.ceil(len(article.text)/180) if article.text else 0 + + context = { + "article_list": article_list + } + return self.render_to_response(context) +``` + +- 添加路由 + + ```python + path("", IndexView.as_view()) + ``` + +# 课后作业 + +- 完成视图, 模型, 模板的修改和创建 +- 创建6个文章 + + + diff --git "a/\347\254\254\344\272\214\346\234\237\350\256\255\347\273\203\350\220\245/5\347\217\255/5\347\217\255_\344\272\221/week15/\347\261\273\347\233\256\345\222\214\346\240\207\347\255\276\343\200\201\350\257\246\346\203\205\351\241\265\343\200\201\347\254\254\344\270\211\346\226\271\345\272\224\347\224\250\343\200\20115-3noteyun.md" "b/\347\254\254\344\272\214\346\234\237\350\256\255\347\273\203\350\220\245/5\347\217\255/5\347\217\255_\344\272\221/week15/\347\261\273\347\233\256\345\222\214\346\240\207\347\255\276\343\200\201\350\257\246\346\203\205\351\241\265\343\200\201\347\254\254\344\270\211\346\226\271\345\272\224\347\224\250\343\200\20115-3noteyun.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29660115323870cf8044244c07d4950d7f71f2c4 --- /dev/null +++ "b/\347\254\254\344\272\214\346\234\237\350\256\255\347\273\203\350\220\245/5\347\217\255/5\347\217\255_\344\272\221/week15/\347\261\273\347\233\256\345\222\214\346\240\207\347\255\276\343\200\201\350\257\246\346\203\205\351\241\265\343\200\201\347\254\254\344\270\211\346\226\271\345\272\224\347\224\250\343\200\20115-3noteyun.md" @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +15-2noteyun + +``` +https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/2.0/ +E:\PycharmProjects\Spider_Code\mysite +(py37b) E:\PycharmProjects\Spider_Code\mysite> +``` + +# 类目和标签 + +- 设计model + + ```python + # 由于我们接下来要使用django自带的管理页面, 所以这里我们用了外键 + class Category(models.Model): + article = models.ForeignKey(Article, on_delete=models.CASCADE) + name = models.CharField(max_length=200) + slug = models.CharField(max_length=200) + uri = models.CharField(max_length=200) + ``` + +- 注册管理后台 + + > django的管理后台提供了很多丰富的功能, 有兴趣的可以研究一下. + > + > 建议学完js之后直接上手学习vue前端框架, 收益更高一点. + + ```python + from django.contrib import admin + from .models import Article, Category, Tag + # Register your models here. + + + class CategoryInline(admin.TabularInline): + model = Category + + + class TagInline(admin.TabularInline): + model = Tag + + + class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): + inlines = [CategoryInline, TagInline] + + list_display = ['title', 'create_time'] + + + admin.site.register(Article, ArticleAdmin) + ``` + +- 修改模板`index.html` + + 略 + +- 修改视图 + + ```python + class IndexView(TemplateView): + template_name = "index.html" + + def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): + article_list = Article.objects.order_by("-create_time") + for article in article_list: + article.pub_date = article.create_time.strftime("%m-%d").replace("-", "月") + article.length = len(article.text) + article.read_time = math.ceil(len(article.text)/180) if article.text else 0 + # 外键可以通过以下方式获取到集合 + article.categories = article.category_set.values() + article.tags = article.tag_set.values() + # cate_list = Category.objects.filter(article_id=article.id) + context = { + "article_list": article_list, + } + return self.render_to_response(context) + ``` + +# 详情页 + +- 获取`detail.html` + +- 安装markdown转html的第三方库和应用 + + ```python + # 将md文档转换为html文件 + pip install markdown + ``` + +- 增加路由 + + ```python + path("///", DetailView.as_view()), + ``` + +- 修改模板`detail.html` + + 通过safe参数来声明当前是元素 + + ```python +
+ {{ article.content|safe }} +
+ ``` + +- 修改视图 + + ```python + class DetailView(TemplateView): + template_name = "detail.html" + + def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): + article = Article.objects.get(url=request.path) + content = "" + for line in article.text.split("\n"): + content += line.strip(" ") if "```" in line else line + content += "\n" + article.content = markdown.markdown(content, extensions=[ + 'markdown.extensions.extra', # 转换标题, 字体等 + 'markdown.extensions.codehilite', # 添加高亮功能 + 'markdown.extensions.toc', # 将表单渲染为html document类型 + ]) + context = { + "article": article, + } + return self.render_to_response(context) + ``` + +# 第三方应用 + +- 安装django-mdeditor + + ```python + # md文档后台管理页面编译应用 + pip install django-mdeditor + ``` + +- 在`settings`当中添加应用 + + ```python + INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'mdeditor', + ... + ] + ``` + +- 修改`model`中文章内容字段类型 + + ```python + from mdeditor.fields import MDTextField + + text = MDTextField() + ``` + +# 课后作业 + +- 完成类目和标签设计 +- 完成详情页设计 +- 添加和使用第三方应用`django-mdeditor` +