# GoPlus
**Repository Path**: mirrors/GoPlus
## Basic Information
- **Project Name**: GoPlus
- **Description**: GoPlus（Go+）是一门静态类型语言，与 Go 语言完全兼容
- **Primary Language**: Go
- **License**: Apache-2.0
- **Default Branch**: main
- **Homepage**: https://www.oschina.net/p/goplus
- **GVP Project**: No
## Statistics
- **Stars**: 90
- **Forks**: 10
- **Created**: 2020-06-22
- **Last Updated**: 2025-06-18
## Categories & Tags
**Categories**: scripting-language
**Tags**: None
## README
The XGo Programming Language
[xgo.dev](https://xgo.dev) | [Docs](doc/docs.md) | [XGo vs. Go](doc/goplus-vs-go.md) | [Tutorials](https://tutorial.xgo.dev) | [Playground](https://play.xgo.dev) | [XGo REPL (iXGo)](https://repl.xgo.dev) | [Contributing & compiler design](doc/contributing.md)
[](https://github.com/goplus/xgo/actions/workflows/go.yml)
[](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/goplus/xgo)
[](https://codecov.io/gh/goplus/xgo)
[](https://github.com/goplus/xgo/releases)
[](https://discord.com/invite/mYjWCJDcAr)
XGo is the first AI-native programming language that integrates software engineering into a unified whole.
```
XGo := C * Go * Python * JavaScript + Scratch
```
Our vision is to **enable everyone to become a builder of the world**.
#### Easy to learn
* Simple and easy to understand
* Smaller syntax set than Go and Python in best practices
#### Ready for large projects
* Integrate C/C++, Go, Python, and JavaScript into a unified ecosystem
* Derived from Go and easy to build large projects from its good engineering foundation
The XGo programming language is designed for engineering, STEM education, and data science.
* **For engineering**: working in the simplest language that can be mastered by children.
* **For STEM education**: studying an engineering language that can be used for work in the future.
* **For data science**: communicating with engineers in the same language.
For more details, see [Quick Start](doc/docs.md).
## Key Features of XGo
* Approaching natural language expression and intuitive (see [How XGo simplifies Go's expressions](#how-xgo-simplifies-gos-expressions)).
* Smallest but Turing-complete syntax set in best practices (see [The XGo Mini Specification](doc/spec-mini.md)).
* Fully compatible with [Go](https://github.com/golang/go) and can mix Go/XGo code in the same package (see [The XGo Full Specification](doc/spec.md) and [Go/XGo Hybrid Programming](doc/docs.md#gogo-hybrid-programming)).
* Integrating with the C ecosystem including Python/JavaScript and providing limitless possibilities based on [LLGo](https://github.com/goplus/llgo) (see [Importing C/C++ and Python libraries](#importing-cc-and-python-libraries)).
* Does not support DSL (Domain-Specific Languages), but supports SDF (Specific Domain Friendliness) (see [XGo Classfiles](#xgo-classfiles) and [Domain Text Literal](doc/domian-text-lit.md)).
## How XGo simplifies Go's expressions
Different from the function call style of most languages, XGo recommends command style code:
```coffee
println "Hello world"
```
To emphasize our preference for command style, we introduce `echo` as an alias for `println`:
```coffee
echo "Hello world"
```
For more discussion on coding style, see https://tutorial.xgo.dev/hello-world.
Code style is just the first step. We have made many efforts to make the code more intuitive and closer to natural language expression. These include:
| Go code | XGo code | Note |
| ---- | ---- | ---- |
| package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("Hi")
} | import "fmt"
fmt.Println("Hi")
| Program structure: XGo allows omitting `package main` and `func main` |
| fmt.Println("Hi") | echo("Hi") | More builtin functions: It simplifies the expression of the most common tasks |
| fmt.Println("Hi") | echo "Hi" | Command-line style code: It reduces the number of parentheses in the code as much as possible, making it closer to natural language |
| name := "Ken"
fmt.Printf(
"Hi %s\n", name) | name := "Ken"
echo "Hi ${name}" | [Goodbye printf](doc/goodbye-printf.md), use `${expr}` in string literals |
| a := []int{1, 2, 3} | a := [1, 2, 3] | List literals |
| a = append(a, 4)
a = append(a, 5, 6, 7) | a <- 4
a <- 5, 6, 7 | Append values to a list |
| a := map[string]int{
"Monday": 1,
"Tuesday": 2,
} | a := {
"Monday": 1,
"Tuesday": 2,
} | Mapping literals |
| OnStart(func() {
...
}) | onStart => {
...
} | Lambda expressions |
| type Rect struct {
Width float64
Height float64
}
func (this *Rect) Area() float64 {
return this.Width * this.Height
} | var (
Width float64
Height float64
)
func Area() float64 {
return Width * Height
} | [XGo Classfiles](doc/classfile.md): We can express OOP with global variables and functions. |
For more details, see [The XGo Mini Specification](doc/spec-mini.md).
## Importing C/C++ and Python libraries
XGo can choose different Go compilers as its underlying support. Currently known supported Go compilers include:
* [go](https://go.dev/) (The official Go compiler supported by Google)
* [llgo](https://github.com/goplus/llgo) (The Go compiler supported by the XGo team)
* [tinygo](https://tinygo.org/) (A Go compiler for small places)
Currently, XGo defaults to using [go](https://go.dev/) as its underlying support, but in the future, it will be [llgo](https://github.com/goplus/llgo).
LLGo is a Go compiler based on [LLVM](https://llvm.org/) in order to better integrate Go with the C ecosystem including Python. It aims to expand the boundaries of Go/XGo, providing limitless possibilities such as:
* Game development
* AI and data science
* WebAssembly
* Embedded development
* ...
If you wish to use [llgo](https://github.com/goplus/llgo), specify the `-llgo` flag when initializing an XGo module:
```sh
xgo mod init -llgo YourModulePath
```
This will generate a `go.mod` file with the following contents (It may vary slightly depending on the versions of local XGo and LLGo):
```go
module YourModulePath
go 1.21 // llgo 1.0
require github.com/goplus/lib v0.2.0
```
Based on LLGo, XGo can import libraries written in C/C++ and Python.
Here is an example (see [chello](demo/_llgo/chello/hello.gop)) of printing `Hello world` using C's `printf`:
```go
import "c"
c.printf c"Hello world\n"
```
Here, `c"Hello world\n"` is a syntax supported by XGo, representing a null-terminated C-style string.
To run this example, you can:
```sh
cd YourModulePath # set work directory to your module
xgo mod tidy # for generating go.sum file
xgo run .
```
And here is an example (see [pyhello](demo/_llgo/pyhello/hello.gop)) of printing `Hello world` using Python's `print`:
```go
import "py/std"
std.print py"Hello world"
```
Here, `py"Hello world"` is a syntax supported by XGo, representing a Python string.
Here are more examples of XGo calling C/C++ and Python libraries:
* [pytensor](demo/_llgo/pytensor/tensor.gop): a simple demo using [py/torch](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/lib/py/torch)
* [tetris](demo/_llgo/tetris/tetris.gop): a tetris game based on [c/raylib](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/lib/c/raylib)
* [sqlitedemo](demo/_llgo/sqlitedemo/sqlitedemo.gop): a demo using [c/sqlite](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/lib/c/sqlite)
To find out more about LLGo/XGo's support for C/C++ and Python in detail, please refer to homepage of [llgo](https://github.com/goplus/llgo).
## XGo Classfiles
```
One language can change the whole world.
XGo is a "DSL" for all domains.
```
Rob Pike once said that if he could only introduce one feature to Go, he would choose `interface` instead of `goroutine`. `classfile` (and `class framework`) is as important to XGo as `interface` is to Go.
In the design philosophy of XGo, we do not recommend `DSL` (Domain Specific Language). But `SDF` (Specific Domain Friendliness) is very important. The XGo philosophy about `SDF` is:
```
Don't define a language for specific domain.
Abstract domain knowledge for it.
```
XGo introduces `classfile` and `class framework` to abstract domain knowledge.
* [What's Classfile?](doc/classfile.md#whats-classfile)
* [Dive into XGo Classfiles](doc/classfile.md)
Sound a bit abstract? Let's see some XGo class frameworks.
* STEM Education: [spx: An XGo 2D Game Engine](https://github.com/goplus/spx)
* AI Programming: [mcp: An XGo implementation of the Model Context Protocol (MCP)](https://github.com/goplus/mcp)
* AI Programming: [mcptest: An XGo MCP Test Framework](https://github.com/goplus/mcp/tree/main/mtest)
* Web Programming: [yap: Yet Another HTTP Web Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap)
* Web Programming: [yaptest: An XGo HTTP Test Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap/tree/main/ytest)
* Web Programming: [ydb: An XGo Database Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap/tree/main/ydb)
* CLI Programming: [cobra: A Commander for modern XGo CLI interactions](https://github.com/goplus/cobra)
* CLI Programming: [gsh: An alternative to write shell scripts](https://github.com/qiniu/x/tree/main/gsh)
* Unit Test: [test: Unit Test](doc/classfile.md#class-framework-unit-test)
### yap: Yet Another HTTP Web Framework
This classfile has the file suffix `.yap`.
Create a file named [get.yap](https://github.com/goplus/yap/blob/main/demo/classfile2_hello/get.yap) with the following content:
```go
html `Hello, YAP!`
```
Execute the following commands:
```sh
xgo mod init hello
xgo get github.com/goplus/yap@latest
xgo mod tidy
xgo run .
```
A simplest web program is running now. At this time, if you visit http://localhost:8080, you will get:
```
Hello, YAP!
```
YAP uses filenames to define routes. `get.yap`'s route is `get "/"` (GET homepage), and `get_p_#id.yap`'s route is `get "/p/:id"` (In fact, the filename can also be `get_p_:id.yap`, but it is not recommended because `:` is not allowed to exist in filenames under Windows).
Let's create a file named [get_p_#id.yap](https://github.com/goplus/yap/blob/main/demo/classfile2_hello/get_p_%23id.yap) with the following content:
```coffee
json {
"id": ${id},
}
```
Execute `xgo run .` and visit http://localhost:8080/p/123, you will get:
```
{"id": "123"}
```
See [yap: Yet Another HTTP Web Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap) for more details.
### spx: An XGo 2D Game Engine
 
Through this example you can learn how to implement dialogues between multiple actors.
Here are some codes in [Kai.spx](https://github.com/goplus/spx/blob/main/tutorial/01-Weather/Kai.spx):
```coffee
onStart => {
say "Where do you come from?", 2
broadcast "1"
}
onMsg "2", => {
say "What's the climate like in your country?", 3
broadcast "3"
}
```
We call `onStart` and `onMsg` to listen events. `onStart` is called when the program is started. And `onMsg` is called when someone calls `broadcast` to broadcast a message.
When the program starts, Kai says `Where do you come from?`, and then broadcasts the message `1`. Who will recieve this message? Let's see codes in [Jaime.spx](https://github.com/goplus/spx/blob/main/tutorial/01-Weather/Jaime.spx):
```coffee
onMsg "1", => {
say "I come from England.", 2
broadcast "2"
}
```
Yes, Jaime recieves the message `1` and says `I come from England.`. Then he broadcasts the message `2`. Kai recieves it and says `What's the climate like in your country?`.
The following procedures are very similar. In this way you can implement dialogues between multiple actors.
See [spx: An XGo 2D Game Engine](https://github.com/goplus/spx) for more details.
### gsh: XGo DevOps Tools
Yes, now you can write `shell script` in XGo. It supports all shell commands.
Let's create a file named [example.gsh](https://github.com/qiniu/x/blob/main/gsh/demo/hello/example.gsh) and write the following code:
```coffee
mkdir "testgsh"
```
Don't need a `go.mod` file, just enter `xgo run ./example.gsh` directly to run.
See [gsh: XGo DevOps Tools](https://github.com/qiniu/x/tree/main/gsh) for more details.
## How to install
Note: Requires go1.19 or later
### on Windows
```sh
winget install goplus.gop
```
### on Debian/Ubuntu
```sh
sudo bash -c ' echo "deb [trusted=yes] https://pkgs.xgo.dev/apt/ /" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/goplus.list'
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gop
```
### on RedHat/CentOS/Fedora
```sh
sudo bash -c 'echo -e "[goplus]\nname=Go+ Repo\nbaseurl=https://pkgs.xgo.dev/yum/\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=0" > /etc/yum.repos.d/goplus.repo'
sudo yum install gop
```
### on macOS/Linux (Homebrew)
Install via [brew](https://brew.sh/)
```sh
$ brew install goplus
```
### from source code
```bash
git clone https://github.com/goplus/xgo.git
cd gop
# On mac/linux run:
./all.bash
# On Windows run:
all.bat
```
## XGo Applications
### 2D Games powered by XGo
* [An XGo 2D Game Engine for STEM education](https://github.com/goplus/spx)
* [Aircraft War](https://github.com/goplus/AircraftWar)
* [Flappy Bird](https://github.com/goplus/FlappyCalf)
* [Maze Play](https://github.com/goplus/MazePlay)
* [BetaGo](https://github.com/xushiwei/BetaGo)
* [Gobang](https://github.com/xushiwei/Gobang)
* [Dinosaur](https://github.com/xushiwei/Dinosaur)
### Web Programming
* [yap: Yet Another HTTP Web Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap)
* [yaptest: HTTP Test Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap/tree/main/ytest)
* [ydb: Database Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap#ydb-database-framework)
### DevOps Tools
* [gsh: XGo DevOps Tools](https://github.com/qiniu/x/tree/main/gsh)
### Data Processing
* [hdq: HTML DOM Query Language for XGo](https://github.com/goplus/hdq)
## IDE Plugins
* vscode: [Go/XGo for Visual Studio Code](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=goplus.gop)
## Contributing
The XGo project welcomes all contributors. We appreciate your help!
For more details, see [Contributing & compiler design](doc/contributing.md).
## Give a Star! ⭐
If you like or are using XGo to learn or start your projects, please give it a star. Thanks!