diff --git a/content/zh/post/jiajunfeng/img/DBlogo-20200722.png b/content/zh/post/jiajunfeng/img/DBlogo-20200722.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79a24699d70a607168693ccf68f251a05c39c59b Binary files /dev/null and b/content/zh/post/jiajunfeng/img/DBlogo-20200722.png differ diff --git a/content/zh/post/jiajunfeng/openGauss Single-inst Deployment (CentOS7.6+openGauss 1.0.0).md b/content/zh/post/jiajunfeng/openGauss Single-inst Deployment (CentOS7.6+openGauss 1.0.0).md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dab7f1ab237db28683717e07f4c6a7e988a9ae2f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zh/post/jiajunfeng/openGauss Single-inst Deployment (CentOS7.6+openGauss 1.0.0).md @@ -0,0 +1,682 @@ ++++ +title = "openGauss 单实例安装部署" +date = "2020-07-25" +tags = ["openGauss安装部署"] +archives = "2020-07" +author = "贾军锋" +summary = "openGauss 单实例安装部署" +img = "/zh/post/jiajunfeng/img/DBlogo_20200722.png" +times = "19:00" ++++ + +# **openGauss 单实例安装部署文档(CentOS 7.6+openGauss 1.0.0)** + +
+ +##### **说明:** +1> openGauss 支持单机部署和单机HA部署;
+2> openGauss HA部署时，备机数量为1~4台;
+3> openGauss 脚本安装仅支持单实例部署，如果一台主机部署多个实例，建议手动使用命令安装;
+4> openGauss Connectors的Linux版本:JDBC、ODBC、libpq. + +
+ +### **一、环境准备** +
+
+ +#### 1.1 硬件需求 + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
组件
最小配置要求
备注
CPU
8c
 
内存
32GB
  如果小于32GB，需要调整数据库内存参数
硬盘
1.5GB
  禁用磁盘的Disk Cache Policy
网卡
300MB
  建议做网卡bond
+ +
+ +##### **检查硬件配置:** +```shell +cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor +cat /etc/redhat-release +free -m + +## 如果内存小于32GB，会因为内存不足导致数据库无法启动，此时需要修改shared_buffers和max_connections调整openGauss所需的内存 +``` + +
+ +#### 1.2 软件需求 + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
条目
说明
 Linux操作系统  openEuler 20.3LTS
  CentOS 7.6
 Linux文件系统  剩余inode个数 > 15亿
 工具  Huawei JDK 1.8.0、psmisc、bzip2
 Python  openEuler: 支持Python 3.7.x
  CentOS 7.6：支持Python 3.6.x
 其他依赖软件包  libaio-devel >= 0.3.109-13
  flex >= 2.5.31
  bison >= 2.7.4
  ncurses-devel >= 5.9-13.20130511
  glibc-devel >= 2.17-111
  patch >= 2.7.1-10
  lsb_release >= 4.1
+ +
+ +#### 1.3 安装示例 + +
+ +```shell +## 当系统环境仅限内网使用时，可以配置系统镜像ISO作为默认YUM源，但是该YUM源(CentOS 7.6)默认不包含python3，需要手动编译安装。 +yum install -y lksctp* +yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk* psmisc bzip2 python3 python3-devel +yum install -y libaio-devel flex bison ncurses-devel glibc-devel patch redhat-lsb-core + +[root@ecs-7777 ~]# rpm -qa java-1.8.0-openjdk psmisc bzip2 libaio-devel flex bison ncurses-devel glibc-devel patch redhat-lsb-core lksctp-tools* python3 python3-devel +psmisc-22.20-16.el7.x86_64 +flex-2.5.37-6.el7.x86_64 +redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64 +bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 +java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64 +libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 +bison-3.0.4-2.el7.x86_64 +ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64 +lksctp-tools-devel-1.0.17-2.el7.x86_64 +patch-2.7.1-12.el7_7.x86_64 +lksctp-tools-1.0.17-2.el7.x86_64 +glibc-devel-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64 +lksctp-tools-doc-1.0.17-2.el7.x86_64 + +[root@ecs-7777 ~]# checksctp +SCTP supported +``` + +
+ +#### 1.4 Python3源码编译安装 + +
+ +```shell +## Python3 源码编译安装耗时约30分钟 +yum install gcc zlib* openssl* -y +tar -zxvf Python-3.6.11.tgz +cd Python-3.6.11 +./configure --prefix=/usr/python3.6.11 --enable-optimizations --enable-shared +make +make install + +ln -s /usr/python3.6.11/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3 +ln -s /usr/python3.6.11/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3 +ln -s /usr/python3.6.11/lib/libpython3.6m.so.1.0 /usr/lib64/ +export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/python3.6.11/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH + +[root@db1 bin]# python3 -V +Python 3.6.11 +``` + +
+
+ +### **二、操作系统配置** + +
+ +#### 2.1 编辑Hosts文件 + +
+ +```shell +vi /etc/hosts +-------------------- +192.168.100.11 db1 db1.opengauss.com #Gauss OM IP Hosts Mapping +-------------------- +``` + +
+ +#### 2.2 关闭防火墙 + +
+ +```shell +systemctl status firewalld +systemctl disable firewalld.service +systemctl stop firewalld.service +``` + +
+ +#### 2.3 关闭SELinux + +
+ +```shell +vi /etc/selinux/config +--------------------------- +SELINUX=disabled +--------------------------- +## SELinux的配置文件需要重启操作系统才可以生效，可以使用setenforce 0 使SELinux临时变更为Permissive状态，降低SELinux的影响。 +``` + +
+ +#### 2.4 修改字符集参数 + +
+ +```shell +vi ~/.bash_profile +--------------------------- +export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 +--------------------------- + +source ~/.bash_profile +``` + +
+ +#### 2.5 设置时区并统一主机时间 + +
+ +```shell +## 检查时区和时间是否正确(建议生产环境开启NTP服务同步时间) +[root@db1 ~]# ll /etc/localtime +lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 Apr 27 22:06 /etc/localtime -> ../usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai +[root@db1 ~]# date +Fri Jul 17 15:49:08 CST 2020 + +## 如果时区不正确，则copy时区模板至/etc/localtime(此处以上海时间为例) +[root@db1 ~]# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime +``` + +
+ +#### 2.6 关闭SWAP + +
+ +```shell +vi /etc/fstab ## 注释掉swap分区挂载 +swapoff -a ## 关闭swap +``` + +
+ +#### 2.7 [可选]设置backupIP网卡的MTU值(建议8192) + +
+ +```shell +vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34 +--------------------------------------- +MTU=8192 ## 可能需要网络工程师协助修改网络设备端口MTU配置，操作系统修改该参数后，建议重启服务器，否则可能造成SSH互信添加有问题 +--------------------------------------- + +# 命令临时修改方法： +ifconfig ens34 mtu 8192 +``` + +
+ +#### 2.8 配置SSH服务(允许root登录，关闭Banner) + +
+ +```shell +# 检查root登录配置和Banner的配置 +cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config |grep -v ^#|grep -E 'PermitRoot|Banner' + +# 如果不满足要求，应修改配置如下 +vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config +-------------------------- +#Banner none ## 注释ssh登录的欢迎信息 +PermitRootLogin yes ## 允许root用户远程登录 +-------------------------- + +systemctl restart sshd.service +``` + +
+ +#### 2.9 创建管理用户组(管理用户稍后使用脚本gs_preinstall创建) + +
+ +```shell +groupadd dbgrp +``` + +
+ +#### 2.10 配置内核参数 + +
+ +```shell +# vi /etc/sysctl.conf +--------------------------- +net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 10000 +net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 +net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 +net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30 +net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 9 +net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30 +net.ipv4.tcp_retries1 = 5 +net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 5 +net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 5 +net.sctp.path_max_retrans = 10 +net.sctp.max_init_retransmits = 10 +net.sctp.association_max_retrans = 10 +net.sctp.hb_interval = 30000 +net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 12 +vm.overcommit_memory = 0 +net.sctp.sndbuf_policy = 0 +net.sctp.rcvbuf_policy = 0 +net.sctp.sctp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 +net.sctp.sctp_rmem = 8192 250000 16777216 +net.sctp.sctp_wmem = 8192 250000 16777216 +net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 8192 250000 16777216 +net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 8192 250000 16777216 +net.core.wmem_max = 21299200 +net.core.rmem_max = 21299200 +net.core.wmem_default = 21299200 +net.core.rmem_default = 21299200 +net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 26000 65535 +kernel.sem = 250 6400000 1000 25600 +vm.min_free_kbytes = 102400 ## 内存*5% +net.core.somaxconn = 65535 +net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 +net.sctp.addip_enable = 0 +net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 65535 +net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65535 +net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 60 +kernel.shmall = 1152921504606846720 +kernel.shmmax = 18446744073709551615 +net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 +net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1 +vm.extfrag_threshold = 500 +vm.overcommit_ratio = 90 +---------------------------------------- + +# 注意：redhat 6.4&6.5需要打开sctp的checksums，否则可能引起创建表或数据库失败 +[root@db1 ~]# echo 0 > /sys/module/sctp/parameters/no_checksums +[root@db1 ~]# cat /sys/module/sctp/parameters/no_checksums +N +``` + +
+ +#### 2.11 修改系统资源限制 + +
+ +```shell +vi /etc/security/limits.conf +---------------------------- +* soft stack 3072 +* hard stack 3072 +* soft nofile 1000000 ## gs_preinstall脚本自动设置,可以不手动设置 +* hard nofile 1000000 ## gs_preinstall脚本自动设置,可以不手动设置 + ---------------------------- + +vi /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf +---------------------------- +* soft nproc unlimited ## 系统支持的最大进程数 +---------------------------- + +## 说明：在使用gs_preinstall脚本后，limits资源虽然已经设置，但可能存在暂时不生效的情况，需要重启系统使之生效。 +``` + +
+ +#### 2.12 关闭透明页transparent_hugepage + +
+ +```shell +vi /etc/default/grub +---------------------------- +#修改： +GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never" +---------------------------- +grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg ## 重新编译grub，关闭透明页 + +reboot + +cat /proc/meminfo |grep Huge + +## 临时关闭透明页方法 +echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled +echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag +``` + +
+ +#### 2.13 [可选]网卡参数配置(配置万兆业务网卡[backIp1]) + +
+ +```shell +rx = 4096 # 预安装时是否由脚本自动设置 +tx = 4096 # 预安装时是否由脚本自动设置 +mtu = 8192 # 推荐值：8192，同时需要协调对网络端口做出相应调整 +``` + +
+
+ +### **三、预安装openGauss软件** + +
+ +#### 3.1 配置clusterconfig.xml文件 + +
+ +```shell +# vi clusterconfig.xml +--------------------------------------------------------- + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +--------------------------------------------------------- +``` + +##### **说明：** +1> "/gauss/om"存放互信等工具，避免权限问题，不要把实例数据目录放在此目录下。
+2> 安装目录和数据目录必须为空或者不存在，否则可能导致安装失败。
+3> 确保配置的目录之间不相互耦合。
+4> 若需要安装脚本自动创建安装用户时，各配置的目录需保证不与系统创建的默认用户目录耦合关联。
+5> 配置openGauss路径和实例路径时，路径中不能包含"|",";","&","$","<",">","\`","","","'","{","}","(",")","\[","]","~","\*","?"特殊字符。
+6> 配置数据库节点名称时，确保与hostname命令获取数据库节点的主机名称一致。
+7> 配置文件中所有IP参数(backIP、sshIP、listenIP等)均只支持配置一个IP，如果配置第二个IP参数，则不会读取第二个参数的配置值。
+ +#### 3.2 环境初始化 + +
+ +```shell +## 创建相关目录 +mkdir /gauss +chgrp dbgrp -R /gauss +chmod 775 -R /gauss + +## 解压数据库安装包 +mkdir -p /soft/openGauss +chmod 775 -R /soft +mv clusterconfig.xml /soft/openGauss +mv openGauss-1.0.0-CentOS-64bit.tar.gz /soft/openGauss +cd /soft/openGauss +tar -zxvf openGauss-1.0.0-CentOS-64bit.tar.gz +``` + +
+ +**交互式安装** + +**# 备注：** +    若是共用的环境，需要加入--sep-env-file=ENVFILE参数分离环境变量，避免与其他用户相互影响。安装时，preinstall脚本会自动创建root用户的互信(单实例是本机root互信)，当不允许创建root用户互信时，在主机上使用创建的omm用户执行本地模式前置，然后用户手动创建openGauss用户互信：如果预安装指定-L参数，预安装前需手动将节点的主机名和IP映射关系写入/etc/hosts文件，并在映射关系后添加注释内容"*#Gauss OM IP Hosts Mapping*". +```shell +# 注： +export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/soft/openGauss/script/gspylib/clib:/usr/python3.6.11/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH +cd /soft/openGauss/script +./gs_preinstall -U omm -G dbgrp -X /soft/openGauss/clusterconfig.xml +./gs_preinstall -U omm -G dbgrp -L -X /soft/openGauss/clusterconfig.xml ##(可选)本地模式安装时，在每个节点手动执行 +``` + +
+ +**- - 手动使用脚本创建互信(参考)** +```shell +vi /soft/hostfile +----------------------- +192.168.0.11 +----------------------- + +cd /soft/openGauss/script +./gs_sshexkey -f /soft/hostfile +``` + +
+ +**- - 非交互式安装(参考)** +```shell +# 手动使用脚本创建互信 +vi /soft/hostfile +----------------------- +192.168.0.11 +----------------------- + +cd /soft/openGauss/script +./gs_sshexkey -f /soft/hostfile + +cd /soft/openGauss/script +./gs_preinstall -U omm -G dbgrp -X /soft/openGauss/clusterconfig.xml --non-interactive +``` + +
+ +**# 错误排查：** +​ 如果准备安装环境失败请根据openGauss日志目录“`$GAUSSLOG/om`”下的“`gs_preinstall-YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS.log`”和“`gs_local-YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS.log`”中的日志信息排查错误。例如配置文件中“`$gaussdbLogPath`”参数指定的路径为“`/var/log/gaussdb`”，则“`$GAUSSLOG/om`”路径为“`/var/log/gaussdb/omm/om`”，omm用户为运行openGauss的用户。 + +
+
+ +### **四、部署安装openGauss软件** + +
+ +```shell +## 执行安装脚本 +chmod -R 775 /soft/ +chown omm:dbgrp /soft -R +su - omm +cd /soft/openGauss/script +./gs_install -X /soft/openGauss/clusterconfig.xml ## 密码复杂度要求：大写+小写+数字+特殊字符(任选3类，至少8位) +``` + +**说明：**
+1> 默认字符集与操作系统设置保持一致，也可以在数据库初始化时使用-E参数指定数据库的字符集为GBK/UTF-8/Latin1，默认字符集为SQL_ASCII;
+2> openGauss支持字符集的多种写法：gbk/GBK、UTF-8/UTF8/utf8/utf-8、Latine1/latine1;
+3> 执行gs_install脚本时，如果输入参数–autostart=no， 则工具脚本在配置（config）步骤完成后退出，不会自动启动openGauss，需要用户通过执行gs_om -t start命令手动启动;
+4> 安装过程中会生成ssl证书，证书存放路径为{gaussdbAppPath}/share/sslcert/om，其中{gaussdbAppPath}为集群openGauss配置文件中指定的程序安装目录。日志文件路径下会生成两个日志文件：“gs_install-YYYY-MMDD_HHMMSS.log”和“gs_local-YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS.log”. + +
+
+ +### **五、安装验证** + +
+ +```shell +su - root +cd /soft/openGauss/script/ +./gs_checkos -i A +./gs_checkos -i B +``` + +
+
+ +### **六、初始化数据库** + +
+ +##### **方法一：脚本初始化 (*经测试，该脚本运行异常，执行初始化后又自动将文件删除，最终初始化无效*)** +```shell +## 命令示例： +gs_initdb -E UTF-8 --locale=zh_CN.UTF-8 /opt/gaussdb/data/data_n1 --nodename dn1 -w "Bigdata@123" + +## 当前测试使用的数据库版本 +[omm@db1 ~]$ gaussdb -V +gaussdb (openGauss 1.0.0 build 0bd0ce80) compiled at 2020-06-30 18:19:27 commit 0 last mr + +## 初始化命令示例(结束时清空了数据目录，脚本可能存在异常，暂时不使用该方法) +[omm@db1 ~]$ gs_initdb -E UTF-8 --locale=en_US.UTF-8 /gauss/data/db1/tmp --nodename db1.opengauss.com -w "gauss@111" +The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "omm". +This user must also own the server process. + +The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8". +The default text search configuration will be set to "english". + +creating directory /gauss/data/db1/tmp ... ok +creating subdirectories ... ok +selecting default max_connections ... 100 +selecting default shared_buffers ... 32MB +creating configuration files ... ok +creating template1 database in /gauss/data/db1/tmp/base/1 ... ok +initializing pg_authid ... ok +setting password ... ok +initializing dependencies ... ok +loading PL/pgSQL server-side language ... ok +creating system views ... ok +creating performance views ... ok +loading system objects' descriptions ... gs_initdb: removing data directory "/gauss/data/db1/tmp" ## 自动删除了数据目录 +``` + +
+ +##### **方法二：gsql方式** +```shell +# gsql -d postgres -p 26000 +postgres=# alter role omm identified by 'Gauss@123' replace 'Gauss_111'; +postgres=# CREATE DATABASE mydb WITH ENCODING 'GBK' template = template0; +``` + +
+ +##### **简单查询测试：** +```shell +postgres=# select version(); +postgres=# \l + List of databases + + Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges +-----------+-------+-----------+---------+-------+------------------- + mydb | omm | UTF8 | C | C | + postgres | omm | SQL_ASCII | C | C | + template0 | omm | SQL_ASCII | C | C | =c/omm + + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm + template1 | omm | SQL_ASCII | C | C | =c/omm + + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm +``` + +
+
+ +### **七、卸载数据库** + +
+ +```shell +## 登录主节点执行 +su - omm +gs_uninstall --delete-data # 卸载集群所有数据库 +gs_uninstall --delete-data -L # 仅卸载本地数据库 + +# 如果卸载失败请根据“$GAUSSLOG/om/gs_uninstall-YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS.log”中的日志信息排查错误。 +``` + +
+
+ +### **八、清理系统环境配置** + +
+ +    在openGauss卸载完成后，如果不需要在环境上重新部署openGauss，可以运行脚本gs_postuninstall对openGauss服务器上环境信息做清理。openGauss环境清理是对环境准备脚本gs_preinstall所做设置的清理。
+1> 确保root用户SSH互信
+2> 执行清理脚本，如下：
+```shell +cd /opt/software/openGauss/script +./gs_postuninstall -U omm -X /opt/software/openGauss/clusterconfig.xml --delete-user --delete-group +./gs_postuninstall -U omm -X /opt/software/openGauss/clusterconfig.xml --delete-user --delete-group -L ## 仅清理本地环境 +## 若为环境变量分离的模式安装的集群需删除之前source的环境变量分离的env参数 +``` +3> 删除root的SSH互信，并删除ENVFILE环境变量：`unset MPPDB_ENV_SEPARATE_PATH`
+注意：若是共用的环境，需要加入--sep-env-file \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/zh/post/jiajunfeng/openGauss Single-inst HA Deployment (CentOS7.6+openGauss 1.0.0).md b/content/zh/post/jiajunfeng/openGauss Single-inst HA Deployment (CentOS7.6+openGauss 1.0.0).md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b72bf6df771d889a9737f3ccab9acb553dc7f96 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zh/post/jiajunfeng/openGauss Single-inst HA Deployment (CentOS7.6+openGauss 1.0.0).md @@ -0,0 +1,1137 @@ ++++ +title = "openGauss 单实例 HA 安装部署 " +date = "2020-07-25" +tags = ["openGauss安装部署"] +archives = "2020-07" +author = "贾军锋" +summary = "openGauss 单实例 HA 安装部署" +img = "/zh/post/jiajunfeng/img/DBlogo_20200722.png" +times = "19:00" ++++ + +# **openGauss 单实例 HA 安装部署文档(CentOS 7.6+openGauss 1.0.0)** + +
+ +##### **说明:** +1> openGauss 支持单机部署和单机HA部署;
+2> openGauss HA部署时，备机数量为1~4台;
+3> openGauss 脚本安装仅支持单实例部署，如果一台主机部署多个实例，建议手动使用命令安装;
+4> openGauss Connectors的Linux版本:JDBC、ODBC、libpq. + +
+ +### **一、环境准备** + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
IP地址规划
主机名
db1.opengauss.com
db2.opengauss.com
外网IP地址
192.168.124.11
192.168.124.12
后端IP地址
192.168.100.11
192.168.100.12
+ +
+ + +#### 1.1 硬件需求 + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
组件
最小配置要求
备注
CPU
8c
 
内存
32GB
  如果小于32GB，需要调整数据库内存参数
硬盘
1.5GB
  禁用磁盘的Disk Cache Policy
网卡
300MB
  建议做网卡bond
+ +
+ +##### **检查硬件配置:** +```shell +cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor +cat /etc/redhat-release +free -m +## 如果内存小于32GB，会因为内存不足导致数据库无法启动，此时需要修改shared_buffers和max_connections调整openGauss所需的内存 +``` + +
+ +#### 1.2 软件需求 + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
条目
说明
 Linux操作系统  openEuler 20.3LTS
  CentOS 7.6
 Linux文件系统  剩余inode个数 > 15亿
 工具  Huawei JDK 1.8.0、psmisc、bzip2
 Python  openEuler: 支持Python 3.7.x
  CentOS 7.6：支持Python 3.6.x
 其他依赖软件包  libaio-devel >= 0.3.109-13
  flex >= 2.5.31
  bison >= 2.7.4
  ncurses-devel >= 5.9-13.20130511
  glibc-devel >= 2.17-111
  patch >= 2.7.1-10
  lsb_release >= 4.1
+ +
+ +#### 1.3 安装示例 + +
+ +```shell +## 当系统环境仅限内网使用时，可以配置系统镜像ISO作为默认YUM源，但是该YUM源(CentOS 7.6)默认不包含python3，需要手动编译安装。 +yum install -y lksctp* +yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk* psmisc bzip2 python3 python3-devel +yum install -y libaio-devel flex bison ncurses-devel glibc-devel patch redhat-lsb-core + +[root@db1 ~]# rpm -qa java-1.8.0-openjdk psmisc bzip2 libaio-devel flex bison ncurses-devel glibc-devel patch redhat-lsb-core lksctp-tools* python3 python3-devel +psmisc-22.20-16.el7.x86_64 +flex-2.5.37-6.el7.x86_64 +redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64 +bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 +java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64 +libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 +bison-3.0.4-2.el7.x86_64 +ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64 +lksctp-tools-devel-1.0.17-2.el7.x86_64 +patch-2.7.1-12.el7_7.x86_64 +lksctp-tools-1.0.17-2.el7.x86_64 +glibc-devel-2.17-307.el7.1.x86_64 +lksctp-tools-doc-1.0.17-2.el7.x86_64 + +[root@db1 ~]# checksctp +SCTP supported +``` + +
+ +#### 1.4 Python3源码编译安装 + +
+ +```shell +## Python3 源码编译安装耗时约30分钟 +yum install gcc zlib* openssl* -y +tar -zxvf Python-3.6.11.tgz +cd Python-3.6.11 +./configure --prefix=/usr/python3.6.11 --enable-optimizations --enable-shared +make +make install + +ln -s /usr/python3.6.11/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3 +ln -s /usr/python3.6.11/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3 +ln -s /usr/python3.6.11/lib/libpython3.6m.so.1.0 /usr/lib64/ +export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/python3.6.11/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH + +[root@db1 bin]# python3 -V +Python 3.6.11 +``` + +
+ +### ** 二、操作系统配置** + +
+ +#### 2.1 编辑Hosts文件 + +
+ +```shell +vi /etc/hosts +-------------------- +192.168.100.11 db1 db1.opengauss.com #Gauss OM IP Hosts Mapping +192.168.100.12 db2 db2.opengauss.com #Gauss OM IP Hosts Mapping +-------------------- +``` + +
+ +#### 2.2 关闭防火墙 + +
+ +```shell +systemctl status firewalld +systemctl disable firewalld.service +systemctl stop firewalld.service +``` + +
+ +#### 2.3 关闭SELinux + +
+ +```shell +vi /etc/selinux/config +--------------------------- +SELINUX=disabled +--------------------------- +## SELinux的配置文件需要重启操作系统才可以生效，可以使用setenforce 0 使SELinux临时变更为Permissive状态，降低SELinux的影响。 +``` + +
+ +#### 2.4 修改字符集参数 + +
+ +```shell +vi ~/.bash_profile +--------------------------- +export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 +--------------------------- + +source ~/.bash_profile +``` + +
+ +#### 2.5 设置时区并统一主机时间 + +
+ +```shell +## 检查时区和时间是否正确(建议生产环境开启NTP服务同步时间) +[root@db1 ~]# ll /etc/localtime +lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 Apr 27 22:06 /etc/localtime -> ../usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai +[root@db1 ~]# date +Fri Jul 17 15:49:08 CST 2020 + +## 如果时区不正确，则copy时区模板至/etc/localtime(此处以上海时间为例) +[root@db1 ~]# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime +``` + +
+ +#### 2.6 关闭SWAP + +
+ +```shell +vi /etc/fstab ## 注释掉swap分区挂载 +swapoff -a ## 关闭swap +``` + +
+ +#### 2.7 [可选]设置backupIP网卡的MTU值(建议8192) + +
+ +```shell +vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34 +--------------------------------------- +MTU=8192 ## 可能需要网络工程师协助修改网络设备端口MTU配置，操作系统修改后，建议重启服务器，否则可能造成ssh互信异常 +--------------------------------------- + +# 命令临时修改方法： +ifconfig ens34 mtu 8192 +``` + +
+ +#### 2.8 配置SSH服务(允许root登录，关闭Banner) + +
+ +```shell +# 检查root登录配置和Banner的配置 +cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config |grep -v ^#|grep -E 'PermitRoot|Banner' + +# 如果不满足要求，应修改配置如下 +vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config +-------------------------- +#Banner none ## 注释ssh登录的欢迎信息 +PermitRootLogin yes ## 允许root用户远程登录 +-------------------------- + +systemctl restart sshd.service +``` + +
+ +#### 2.9 创建管理用户组(管理用户稍后使用脚本gs_preinstall创建) + +
+ +```shell +groupadd dbgrp +``` + +
+ +#### 2.10 配置内核参数 + +
+ +```shell +# vi /etc/sysctl.conf +--------------------------- +net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 10000 +net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 +net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 +net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30 +net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 9 +net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30 +net.ipv4.tcp_retries1 = 5 +net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 5 +net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 5 +net.sctp.path_max_retrans = 10 +net.sctp.max_init_retransmits = 10 +net.sctp.association_max_retrans = 10 +net.sctp.hb_interval = 30000 +net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 12 +vm.overcommit_memory = 0 +net.sctp.sndbuf_policy = 0 +net.sctp.rcvbuf_policy = 0 +net.sctp.sctp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 +net.sctp.sctp_rmem = 8192 250000 16777216 +net.sctp.sctp_wmem = 8192 250000 16777216 +net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 8192 250000 16777216 +net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 8192 250000 16777216 +net.core.wmem_max = 21299200 +net.core.rmem_max = 21299200 +net.core.wmem_default = 21299200 +net.core.rmem_default = 21299200 +net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 26000 65535 +kernel.sem = 250 6400000 1000 25600 +vm.min_free_kbytes = 102400 ## 内存*5% +net.core.somaxconn = 65535 +net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 +net.sctp.addip_enable = 0 +net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 65535 +net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65535 +net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 60 +kernel.shmall = 1152921504606846720 +kernel.shmmax = 18446744073709551615 +net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 +net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1 +vm.extfrag_threshold = 500 +vm.overcommit_ratio = 90 +---------------------------------------- + +# 注意：redhat 6.4&6.5需要打开sctp的checksums，否则可能引起创建表或数据库失败 +[root@db1 ~]# echo 0 > /sys/module/sctp/parameters/no_checksums +[root@db1 ~]# cat /sys/module/sctp/parameters/no_checksums +N +``` + +
+ +#### 2.11 修改系统资源限制 + +
+ +```shell +vi /etc/security/limits.conf +---------------------------- +* soft stack 3072 +* hard stack 3072 +* soft nofile 1000000 ## gs_preinstall脚本自动设置,可以不手动设置 +* hard nofile 1000000 ## gs_preinstall脚本自动设置,可以不手动设置 + ---------------------------- + +vi /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf +---------------------------- +* soft nproc unlimited ## 系统支持的最大进程数 +---------------------------- + +## 说明：在使用gs_preinstall脚本后，limits资源虽然已经设置，但可能存在暂时不生效的情况，需要重启系统使之生效。 +``` + +
+ +#### 2.12 关闭透明页transparent_hugepage + +
+ +```shell +vi /etc/default/grub +---------------------------- +#修改： +GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never" +---------------------------- +grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg ## 重新编译grub，关闭透明页 + +reboot + +cat /proc/meminfo |grep Huge + +## 临时关闭透明页方法 +echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled +echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag +``` + +
+ +#### 2.13 [可选]网卡参数配置(配置万兆业务网卡[backIp1]) + +
+ +```shell +rx = 4096 # 预安装时是否由脚本自动设置 +tx = 4096 # 预安装时是否由脚本自动设置 +mtu = 8192 # 推荐值：8192，同时需要协调对网络端口做出相应调整 +``` + +
+
+ +### **三、预安装openGauss软件** + +
+ +#### 3.1 配置clusterconfig.xml文件(仅在主节点配置即可) + +
+ +```shell +# vi clusterconfig.xml +------------------------------------------------ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +------------------------------------------------ +``` +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
实例角色
数据目录
备注
主DBNode
  /gauss/data/xxx  其中，xxx为当前主DBnode的名称
备DBnode
  /gauss/data/slaveX  其中，xxx为当前备DBnode的名称
+ +**备注：** +
+1> dataListenIp1 ---> 监听的IP地址，用于接受其他数据库节点的连接。未设置时，使用对应主机上的backIp1生成。
+2> dataHaIp1 ---> 主、备DBnode通讯的IP地址。未设置时，使用对应主机上的backIp生成。value中需要设置主、备DBnode所在主机的IP地址。
+3> "/gauss/om"存放互信等工具，避免权限问题，不要把实例数据目录放在此目录下。
+4> 安装目录和数据目录需为空或者不存在，否则可能导致安装失败。
+5> 确保配置的目录之间不相互耦合。
+6> 若需要安装脚本自动创建安装用户时，各配置的目录需保证不与系统创建的默认用户目录耦合关联。
+7> 配置openGauss路径和实例路径时，路径中不能包含"|",";","&","$","<",">","\`","","","'","{","}","(",")","\[","]","~","\*","?"特殊字符。
+8> 配置数据库节点名称时，"name"和"nodeNames"的值应该与hostname命令获取数据库节点的主机名称保持一致。
+9> 配置文件中所有IP参数(backIP、sshIP、listenIP等)均只支持配置一个IP，如果配置第二个IP参数，则不会读取第二个参数的配置值。
+ +
+ +#### ** 3.2 环境初始化** + +
+ +#### 3.2.1 在主、备节点创建数据目录: +```shell +mkdir /gauss +chgrp dbgrp -R /gauss +chmod 775 -R /gauss +``` + +
+ +#### 3.2.2 解压安装包文件 + +```shell +mkdir -p /soft/openGauss +chmod 775 -R /soft +mv clusterconfig.xml /soft/openGauss +mv openGauss-1.0.0-CentOS-64bit.tar.gz /soft/openGauss +cd /soft/openGauss +tar -zxvf openGauss-1.0.0-CentOS-64bit.tar.gz +``` + +
+ +#### 3.2.3 交互式安装 + +**注意：** 若是共用的环境，需要加入--sep-env-file=ENVFILE参数分离环境变量，避免与其他用户相互影响。
+    在openGauss的安装过程中，需要在openGauss中主机间执行命令，传送文件等操作，故在普通用户安装前需要确保互信是连通的。前置脚本中会先建立root用户间的互信，然后创建普通用户，并建立普通用户间的互信，安装完毕后即可删除root用户的互信。 +```shell +export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/soft/openGauss/script/gspylib/clib:/usr/python3.6.11/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH +cd /soft/openGauss/script +./gs_preinstall -U omm -G dbgrp -X /soft/openGauss/clusterconfig.xml ## 建议执行完毕后，重启系统，使部分参数生效 + +## 执行示例 +[root@db1 script]# ./gs_preinstall -U omm -G dbgrp -X /soft/openGauss/clusterconfig.xml +Parsing the configuration file. +Successfully parsed the configuration file. +Installing the tools on the local node. +Successfully installed the tools on the local node. +Are you sure you want to create trust for root (yes/no)? yes +Please enter password for root. +Password: +Creating SSH trust for the root permission user. +Checking network information. +All nodes in the network are Normal. +Successfully checked network information. +Creating SSH trust. +Creating the local key file. +Successfully created the local key files. +Appending local ID to authorized_keys. +Successfully appended local ID to authorized_keys. +Updating the known_hosts file. +Successfully updated the known_hosts file. +Appending authorized_key on the remote node. +Successfully appended authorized_key on all remote node. +Checking common authentication file content. +Successfully checked common authentication content. +Distributing SSH trust file to all node. +Successfully distributed SSH trust file to all node. +Verifying SSH trust on all hosts. +Successfully verified SSH trust on all hosts. +Successfully created SSH trust. +Successfully created SSH trust for the root permission user. +Setting pssh path +Successfully set core path. +Distributing package. +Begin to distribute package to tool path. +Successfully distribute package to tool path. +Begin to distribute package to package path. +Successfully distribute package to package path. +Successfully distributed package. +Are you sure you want to create the user[omm] and create trust for it (yes/no)? yes +Please enter password for cluster user. ## 输入集群管理用户omm的密码 +Password: +Please enter password for cluster user again. +Password: +Successfully created [omm] user on all nodes. +Preparing SSH service. +Successfully prepared SSH service. +Installing the tools in the cluster. +Successfully installed the tools in the cluster. +Checking hostname mapping. +Successfully checked hostname mapping. +Creating SSH trust for [omm] user. +Checking network information. +All nodes in the network are Normal. +Successfully checked network information. +Creating SSH trust. +Creating the local key file. +Successfully created the local key files. +Appending local ID to authorized_keys. +Successfully appended local ID to authorized_keys. +Updating the known_hosts file. +Successfully updated the known_hosts file. +Appending authorized_key on the remote node. +Successfully appended authorized_key on all remote node. +Checking common authentication file content. +Successfully checked common authentication content. +Distributing SSH trust file to all node. +Successfully distributed SSH trust file to all node. +Verifying SSH trust on all hosts. +Successfully verified SSH trust on all hosts. +Successfully created SSH trust. +Successfully created SSH trust for [omm] user. +Checking OS software. +Successfully check os software. +Checking OS version. +Successfully checked OS version. +Creating cluster's path. +Successfully created cluster's path. +Setting SCTP service. +Successfully set SCTP service. +Set and check OS parameter. +Setting OS parameters. +Successfully set OS parameters. +Warning: Installation environment contains some warning messages. +Please get more details by "/soft/openGauss/script/gs_checkos -i A -h db1.opengauss.com,db2.opengauss.com --detail". +Set and check OS parameter completed. +Preparing CRON service. +Successfully prepared CRON service. +Setting user environmental variables. +Successfully set user environmental variables. +Setting the dynamic link library. +Successfully set the dynamic link library. +Setting Core file +Successfully set core path. +Setting pssh path +Successfully set pssh path. +Set ARM Optimization. +No need to set ARM Optimization. +Fixing server package owner. +Setting finish flag. +Successfully set finish flag. +Preinstallation succeeded. +``` + +
+ +#### 3.2.4 执行脚本对主、备节点进行检查 + +```shell +[root@db1 script]# /soft/openGauss/script/gs_checkos -i A -h db1.opengauss.com,db2.opengauss.com --detail +Checking items: + A1. [ OS version status ] : Normal + [db1.opengauss.com] + centos_7.6.1810_64bit + [db2.opengauss.com] + centos_7.6.1810_64bit + + A2. [ Kernel version status ] : Normal + The names about all kernel versions are same. The value is "3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64". + A3. [ Unicode status ] : Normal + The values of all unicode are same. The value is "LANG=en_US.UTF-8". + A4. [ Time zone status ] : Normal + The informations about all timezones are same. The value is "+0800". + A5. [ Swap memory status ] : Normal + The value about swap memory is correct. + A6. [ System control parameters status ] : Normal + All values about system control parameters are correct. + A7. [ File system configuration status ] : Normal + Both soft nofile and hard nofile are correct. + A8. [ Disk configuration status ] : Normal + The value about XFS mount parameters is correct. + A9. [ Pre-read block size status ] : Normal + The value about Logical block size is correct. + A10.[ IO scheduler status ] : Normal + The value of IO scheduler is correct. + A11.[ Network card configuration status ] : Normal + The configuration about network card is correct. + A12.[ Time consistency status ] : Warning + [db1.opengauss.com] + The NTPD not detected on machine and local time is "2020-07-22 18:52:57". + [db2.opengauss.com] + The NTPD not detected on machine and local time is "2020-07-22 18:52:57". + + A13.[ Firewall service status ] : Normal + The firewall service is stopped. + A14.[ THP service status ] : Normal + The THP service is stopped. +Total numbers:14. Abnormal numbers:0. Warning numbers:1. + +## 由于没有使用NTP服务器，所以告警提示时间同步存在问题，考虑到系统时间对数据库的重要性，建议生产环境启用NTP服务，确保系统时间同步 +[root@db1 ~]# reboot +[root@db2 ~]# reboot +``` + +##### **注意：** +  当不允许创建root用户互信时，在各主机上使用创建的omm用户执行本地模式前置，然后用户手动创建openGauss用户互信：如果预安装指定-L参数，预安装前需手动将所有节点的主机名和IP映射关系，写入各个主机的/etc/hosts文件，并在每个映射关系后添加注释内容"*#Gauss OM IP Hosts Mapping*". + +
+ +#### 3.2.5 (可选)使用脚本手动创建互信，并执行本地预安装脚本 + +```shell +vi /soft/hostfile +----------------------- +192.168.100.11 +192.168.100.12 +----------------------- +cd /soft/openGauss/script +./gs_sshexkey -f /soft/hostfile + +## 指定preinstall脚本 +cd /soft/openGauss/script +./gs_preinstall -U omm -G dbgrp -L -X /soft/openGauss/clusterconfig.xml ##在每个节点手动执行 +``` + +
+ +#### 3.2.6 (可选参考)非交互式安装 + +```shell +## 手动创建互信(脚本) +vi /soft/hostfile +----------------------- +192.168.100.11 +192.168.100.12 +----------------------- +cd /soft/openGauss/script +./gs_sshexkey -f /soft/hostfile + +## 以非交互式的方式执行preinstall脚本 +cd /soft/openGauss/script +./gs_preinstall -U omm -G dbgrp -X /soft/openGauss/clusterconfig.xml --non-interactive +``` + +**错误排查：** +如果准备安装环境失败请根据openGauss日志目录“`$GAUSSLOG/om`”下的“`gs_preinstall-YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS.log`”和“`gs_local-YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS.log`”中的日志信息排查错误。例如配置文件中“`$gaussdbLogPath`”参数指定的路径为“`/var/log/gaussdb`”，则“`$GAUSSLOG/om`”路径为“`/var/log/gaussdb/omm/om`”，omm用户为运行openGauss的用户。 + + + +### **四、部署安装openGauss软件** + +
+ +#### **4.1 执行安装脚本(仅在主节点执行即可)** + +
+ +```shell +## 执行完毕preinstall脚本后，建议重启操作系统，否则请手动设置max user process参数 +## 参考命令： ulimit -u unlimited +chmod -R 775 /soft/ +chown omm:dbgrp /soft -R +su - omm +cd /soft/openGauss/script +./gs_install -X /soft/openGauss/clusterconfig.xml ## 密码复杂度要求：大写+小写+数字+特殊字符(任选3类，至少8位) + +## 执行示例如下： +[omm@db1 script]$ ./gs_install -X /soft/openGauss/clusterconfig.xml +Parsing the configuration file. +Check preinstall on every node. +Successfully checked preinstall on every node. +Creating the backup directory. +Successfully created the backup directory. +begin deploy.. +Installing the cluster. +begin prepare Install Cluster.. +Checking the installation environment on all nodes. +begin install Cluster.. +Installing applications on all nodes. +Successfully installed APP. +begin init Instance.. +encrypt cipher and rand files for database. +Please enter password for database: ##输入数据库密码 +Please repeat for database: +begin to create CA cert files +The sslcert will be generated in /gauss/app/share/sslcert/om +Cluster installation is completed. +Configuring. +Deleting instances from all nodes. +Successfully deleted instances from all nodes. +Checking node configuration on all nodes. +Initializing instances on all nodes. +Updating instance configuration on all nodes. +Check consistence of memCheck and coresCheck on database nodes. +Successful check consistence of memCheck and coresCheck on all nodes. +Configuring pg_hba on all nodes. +Configuration is completed. +Successfully started cluster. +Successfully installed application. +end deploy.. +``` + +##### **说明：** +1> 默认字符集与操作系统设置保持一致，也可以在数据库初始化时使用-E参数指定数据库的字符集为GBK/UTF-8/Latin1，默认字符集为SQL_ASCII
+2> openGauss支持字符集的多种写法：gbk/GBK、UTF-8/UTF8/utf8/utf-8、Latine1/latine1
+3> 执行gs_install脚本时，如果输入参数–autostart=no， 则工具脚本在配置（config）步骤完成后退出，不会自动启动openGauss，需要用户通过执行gs_om -t start命令手动启动
+4> 安装过程中会生成ssl证书，证书存放路径为{gaussdbAppPath}/share/sslcert/om，其中{gaussdbAppPath}为集群openGauss配置文件中指定的程序安装目录。日志文件路径下会生成两个日志文件：“gs_install-YYYY-MMDD_HHMMSS.log”和“gs_local-YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS.log”
+5> 主、备数据库Single-inst HA安装完毕后，节点间互通则使用omm用户，从安全角度考虑，可以删除root用户的SSH互信 + +
+ +#### **4.2 备机可读(可选)** + +
+ +#### 1> 关闭cluster集群(仅在主节点执行即可) + +```shell +[omm@db1 ~]$ gs_om -t stop +Stopping cluster. +========================================= +Successfully stopped cluster. +========================================= +End stop cluster. +``` + +
+ +#### 2> 分别修改主、备库postgres.conf文件 + +```shell +cd /gauss/data/db1/ ## 备库路径在/gauss/data/slavedb2/ +vi postgresql.conf +----------------------------------- +## 内容如下： +wal_level=hot_standby ## 默认值 hot_standby +hot_standby = on ## 默认值 on +hot_standby_feedback = on ## 默认值 off +----------------------------------- +``` + +
+ +#### 3> 启动cluster集群(仅在主节点执行即可) + +```shell +[omm@db1 db1]$ gs_om -t start +Starting cluster. +========================================= +========================================= +Successfully started. +``` + +
+
+ + +### **五、安装验证** + +
+ +```shell +su - root +cd /soft/openGauss/script/ +./gs_checkos -i A +./gs_checkos -i B + +## 示例如下： +[root@db1 script]# ./gs_checkos -i A +Checking items: + A1. [ OS version status ] : Normal + A2. [ Kernel version status ] : Normal + A3. [ Unicode status ] : Normal + A4. [ Time zone status ] : Normal + A5. [ Swap memory status ] : Normal + A6. [ System control parameters status ] : Normal + A7. [ File system configuration status ] : Normal + A8. [ Disk configuration status ] : Normal + A9. [ Pre-read block size status ] : Normal + A10.[ IO scheduler status ] : Normal + A11.[ Network card configuration status ] : Normal + A12.[ Time consistency status ] : Warning + A13.[ Firewall service status ] : Normal + A14.[ THP service status ] : Normal +Total numbers:14. Abnormal numbers:0. Warning numbers:1. + +[root@db1 script]# ./gs_checkos -i B +Setting items: + B1. [ Set system control parameters ] : Normal + B2. [ Set file system configuration value ] : Normal + B3. [ Set pre-read block size value ] : Normal + B4. [ Set IO scheduler value ] : Normal + B5. [ Set network card configuration value ] : Normal + B6. [ Set THP service ] : Normal + B7. [ Set RemoveIPC value ] : Normal +NOTICE: MTU value and some warning items can NOT be set. Please do it manually. +Total numbers:7. Abnormal numbers:0. Warning numbers:0. +``` + +
+
+ +### **六、集群的基本管理操作** + +
+ +**6.1 启动集群** + +```shell +[omm@db1 ~]$ gs_om -t start +Starting cluster. +========================================= +========================================= +Successfully started. +``` + +
+ +**6.2 停止集群** + +```shell +[omm@db1 ~]$ gs_om -t stop +Stopping cluster. +========================================= +Successfully stopped cluster. +========================================= +End stop cluster. +``` + +
+ +**6.3 集群状态检查** + +```shell +[omm@db1 ~]$ gs_om -t status --detail +[ Cluster State ] + +cluster_state : Normal +redistributing : No +current_az : AZ_ALL + +[ Datanode State ] + +node node_ip instance state +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +1 db1.opengauss.com 192.168.100.11 6001 /gauss/data/db1 P Primary Normal +2 db2.opengauss.com 192.168.100.12 6002 /gauss/data/slavedb2 S Standby Normal +``` + +
+ +**6.4 集群的主/备切换测试** + +```shell +## 检查集群状态 +[omm@db1 ~]$ gs_om -t status --detail +[ Cluster State ] + +cluster_state : Normal +redistributing : No +current_az : AZ_ALL + +[ Datanode State ] + +node node_ip instance state +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +1 db1.opengauss.com 192.168.100.11 6001 /gauss/data/db1 P Primary Normal +2 db2.opengauss.com 192.168.100.12 6002 /gauss/data/slavedb2 S Standby Normal + +## 切换主/备角色(在备库执行) +[omm@db2 slavedb2]$ gs_ctl switchover -D /gauss/data/slavedb2/ +[2020-07-22 20:59:04.701][12415][][gs_ctl]: gs_ctl switchover ,datadir is -D "/gauss/data/slavedb2" +[2020-07-22 20:59:04.701][12415][][gs_ctl]: switchover term (1) +[2020-07-22 20:59:04.784][12415][][gs_ctl]: waiting for server to switchover............ +[2020-07-22 20:59:14.435][12415][][gs_ctl]: done +[2020-07-22 20:59:14.435][12415][][gs_ctl]: switchover completed (/gauss/data/slavedb2) + +## 检查集群状态 +[omm@db2 slavedb2]$ gs_om -t status --detail +[ Cluster State ] + +cluster_state : Normal +redistributing : No +current_az : AZ_ALL + +[ Datanode State ] + +node node_ip instance state +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +1 db1.opengauss.com 192.168.100.11 6001 /gauss/data/db1 S Standby Normal +2 db2.opengauss.com 192.168.100.12 6002 /gauss/data/slavedb2 P Primary Normal + +## 保存集群主备机器信息 +[omm@db2 slavedb2]$ gs_om -t refreshconf +Generating dynamic configuration file for all nodes. +Successfully generated dynamic configuration file. +``` + +
+ +### **七、配置数据库区域和字符集** + +
+ +**示例一：脚本初始化数据库(*脚本可能存在异常，测试时不生效*)** + +```shell +######目前官方提供的软件包版本如下所示： +[omm@db1 ~]$ gaussdb -V +gaussdb (openGauss 1.0.0 build 0bd0ce80) compiled at 2020-06-30 18:19:27 commit 0 last mr +## 测试时，该版本的gs_initdb脚本存在异常，暂时不使用该方法。 + +## 初始化数据库时，请确保对应的数据目录为空 +gs_initdb -E UTF-8 --locale=en_US.UTF-8 /gauss/data/db1/tmp --nodename db1.opengauss.com -w "Bigdata@123" + +## 初始化操作示例如下： +[omm@db1 ~]$ gs_initdb -E UTF-8 --locale=en_US.UTF-8 /gauss/data/db1/tmp --nodename db1.opengauss.com -w "gauss@111" +The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "omm". +This user must also own the server process. + +The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8". +The default text search configuration will be set to "english". + +creating directory /gauss/data/db1/tmp ... ok +creating subdirectories ... ok +selecting default max_connections ... 100 +selecting default shared_buffers ... 32MB +creating configuration files ... ok +creating template1 database in /gauss/data/db1/tmp/base/1 ... ok +initializing pg_authid ... ok +setting password ... ok +initializing dependencies ... ok +loading PL/pgSQL server-side language ... ok +creating system views ... ok +creating performance views ... ok +loading system objects' descriptions ... gs_initdb: removing data directory "/gauss/data/db1/tmp" ## 最终自动清空了数据目录，不生效 +``` + +
+ +**示例二：gsql方式新建库** + +```shell +# gsql -d postgres -p 26000 +postgres=# alter role omm identified by 'Gauss@123' replace 'Gauss_111'; +postgres=# CREATE DATABASE mydb WITH ENCODING 'GBK' template = template0; + +## 简单查询测试 +postgres=# select version(); +postgres=# \l + List of databases + + Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges +-----------+-------+-----------+---------+-------+------------------- + mydb | omm | UTF8 | C | C | + postgres | omm | SQL_ASCII | C | C | + template0 | omm | SQL_ASCII | C | C | =c/omm + + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm + template1 | omm | SQL_ASCII | C | C | =c/omm + + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm +``` + +
+
+ +### **附录1：【手动创建SSH互信的方法】** + +
+ + +#### 1> 生成本地秘钥Key(每个主机执行一遍) +```shell +ssh-keygen -t rsa +cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys ##生成本机授权 +``` + +
+ +#### 2> 收集各节点公钥至本机的known_hosts + +```shell +ssh-keyscan -t rsa db1 >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts +ssh-keyscan -t rsa db2 >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts +``` + +
+ +#### 3> 将互信文件分发给其他所有主机 + +```shell +scp -r .ssh db2:~ +``` + +
+ +#### 4> ssh登录测试 + + +
+
+ +### **附录2：【卸载数据库】** + +
+ +```shell +su - omm +gs_uninstall --delete-data # 卸载集群所有数据库 +gs_uninstall --delete-data -L # 仅卸载本地数据库 +# 如果卸载失败请根据“$GAUSSLOG/om/gs_uninstall-YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS.log”中的日志信息排查错误。 + +## 示例： +[omm@db1 ~]$ gs_uninstall --delete-data +Checking uninstallation. +Successfully checked uninstallation. +Stopping the cluster. +Successfully stopped cluster. +Successfully deleted instances. +Uninstalling application. +Successfully uninstalled application. +Uninstallation succeeded. +``` \ No newline at end of file