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"a/content/zh/post/z-qw/\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\241\345\210\2221\342\200\224\346\200\273\347\273\223.md" "b/content/zh/post/z-qw/\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\241\345\210\2221\342\200\224\346\200\273\347\273\223.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e36c1e680c3fc34cabab96a76a22a638b21889e9 --- /dev/null +++ "b/content/zh/post/z-qw/\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\241\345\210\2221\342\200\224\346\200\273\347\273\223.md" @@ -0,0 +1,305 @@ +# 第一阶段学习报告 + +## 一、PostgreSQL安装 + +[Wiki-PostgreSQL编译安装-测试组工作管理-TAPD平台](https://www.tapd.cn/60185400/markdown_wikis/show/#1160185400001002726) + +1.下载源码 官网 .tar.gz + +2.解压 tar zxvf .tar.gz + +3.系统依赖配置 yum yum用不了 不要尝试改网络配置，会影响其他人 + +[https://www.tapd.cn/43100420/markdown_wikis/show/\#1143100420001000](https://www.tapd.cn/43100420/markdown_wikis/show/#1143100420001000) + +4.添加 postgres组用户 + +Groupadd -g 300 postgres + +新建安装文件夹 mkdir /db/pgsql + +用postgres 用户配置 cd /db/ 授权 + +chown -R + +postgres:postgres \* + +su - postgres + +查看配置 ./configure --prefix=/db/dbc1 --with-pgport=9521 + +5.编译 make + +6\. make install 出现 + +make: Nothing to be done for \`all' 不管它 不算问题 + +7\. cd db/pgsql ll bin 可执行 include 头文件 lib各种库 share第三方共享 + +8.环境变量设置 vi .bash_profile 目的是可以直接启动各类库 + +source \~/.bashrc + +env 查看环境生效了 + +9.initdb 不能再root端使用，需要在postgres + +initdb command not found 不管它 + +locate initdb 确定位置 + +![](./images/1.1.jpg) + +initdb -D /db/data -E utf8 初始化数据库簇 + +pg_ctl start -D /db/data启动实例 + +![](./images/1.2.jpg) + +![](./images/1.3.jpg) + +## 二、psql常用元命令 + +1\. pg_ctl start -D /data1/pgsql/data + +![](./images/1.4.jpg) + +2\. psql + +\\q关闭 + +pg_ctl stop + +3.![](./images/1.5.jpg) + +4\. 创建表空间，存储规划 + +create tablespace tablespace_name location 'directory' [with (tablespace_option = value)]; - seq_page_cost,缺省1.0，- random_page_cost ,- effective_io_concurrency + +![](./images/1.6.jpg) + +5\. 时间 + +![](./images/1.7.jpg) + +6\. 边框设置 + +![](./images/1.8.jpg) + +![](./images/1.9.jpg) + +7\. 枚举 + +![](./images/1.10.jpg) + +![](./images/1.11.jpg) + +8.select/insert + +![](./images/1.12.jpg)) + +![](./images/1.13.jpg)) + +9.位置查看 + +![](./images/1.14.jpg)) + +10.page ![](./images/1.15.jpg)) + +11.可见性映射文件：数据更新和删除后，事务提交了，也不会马上能够被重复利用 要进行空间回收Vaccum + +Visibility map file 标记需要清理的数据块 + +VM二进制 标注 + +![](./images/1.16.jpg))![](./images/1.17.jpg)) + +12\. 表信息![](./images/1.18.jpg)) + +13\. 表的主键确定 两种 + +建表时： + +![](./images/1.19.jpg)) + +建表后 + +alter table table_name add primary key(id); + +14\. \\dxx 显示信息 + +\\dS 类别 + +\\d+ 更详细 + +\\c + +\\l 展示 + +Creat table studeinfo(id int, name varcha(64) + +\\d+ studentinfo + +\\db 表空间信息 + +\\db+ + +\\dt 只显示表 + +\\di 索引 + +\\ds + +\\timg on \\timg off + +Insert into studeinfo values(1,'xiaoming'); + +\\pest border 0 + +\\x 以列显示 一行内容过多 \\g + +\\i + +\\encoding 显示数据库编码方式 + +Show client_encoding; 查看客户端编码 + +Set client_encoding to 'GBK'; + +修改客户端编码，客户端可显示为中文 + +控制事务进程 + +只在该语句之间操作 + +Begin; + +ROLLBACK; + +## 三、用户和权限管理 + +超级用户 initdb + +create user user_name with superuser createdb createrole password 'xxx'; + +create user user_name password 'xx'; + +grant create on schema schema_name to user_name + +或 create role name with option + +option 包括： superuser/nosuperuser + +createdb/nocreatedb + +createuser/nocreateuser + +inherit/noinhert 角色权限 + +login/nologin + +connnection limit connlimit 并发连接数量，默认-1 无限制 + +password'xxxx' + +valid until 'timestamp' 密码失效时间 + +in role role_name 成为哪些角色的成员 + +role role_name 成为新建角色的成员 + +admin role_name 新建角色的权限 + +connect + +数据库的权限 alter role + +创建模式的权限 grant + +grant role_name to role_name + +grant select on table table_name to publi(role_name); 允许所有用户查询该表 + +revoke create on schema public from public; 回收public权限 + +grant user user_name with password'xxxx' + +grant usage on schema schema_name to user_name; 只读用户 + +usage 对于一个表，必须要有schema权限 + +grant select on all tables in schema schema_name to user_name + +drop owned by readonly; 删除角色所拥有的所有对象 + +drop role readonly；删除角色 + +数据库的逻辑结构对象，所有者，即创建数据库的用户，可以废弃某些权力 + +## 四、Vastbase安装 + +1.ftp 下载安装包 + +![](./images/1.20.jpg)) + +2.创建用户 + +创建 useradd -r user_name + +删除 userdel -r user_name + +![](./images/1.21.jpg))![](./images/1.22.jpg) + +根据安装指南文件5.1.3 + +![](./images/1.23.jpg) + +3.root权限下 资源限制 + +安装指南 3.7 + +![](./images/1.24.jpg) + +4.cd 解压包位置 + +tar zxvf file.tar.gz + +![](./images/1.25.jpg) + +文件中有括号，需去除 + +5.运行安装 + +![](./images/1.26.jpg) + +![](./images/1.27.jpg) + +密码：Zqw123456 + +![](./images/1.28.jpg) + +![](./images/1.29.jpg)![](./images/1.30.jpg) + +6.license + +![](./images/1.31.jpg) + +Ftp license + +echo "license_path='/home/user_name/ZKSGlicense'" \>\> /home/user_name/data/vastbase/postgresql.conf + +source \~/.bashrc + +7.运行调试 + +![](./images/1.32.jpg) + +![](./images/1.33.jpg) + +修改了postgresql.conf 的shared_buffers 原来的过大 + +![](./images/1.34.jpg) + +![](./images/1.35.jpg)![](./images/1.36.jpg) + +总结：在安装pgsql和vastbaseg100遇到了很多问题，主要是对数据库不够熟悉，再加上新入职，对相关的文件不知道在哪里寻找，其实很多文档里的讲解都是比较熟悉的。详细记录了安装的步骤与遇到的问题，方便下一次的安装。通过观看视频与看书，学习了pgsql数据库，有较大的提升。 diff --git "a/content/zh/post/z-qw/\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\241\345\210\2222\342\200\224\346\200\273\347\273\223.md" "b/content/zh/post/z-qw/\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\241\345\210\2222\342\200\224\346\200\273\347\273\223.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4ede18200d980df762e76a5c2b17fc531ab589c --- /dev/null +++ "b/content/zh/post/z-qw/\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\241\345\210\2222\342\200\224\346\200\273\347\273\223.md" @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +# 第二阶段学习报告 + +## 一、常用数据类型 + +| 数据类型 | 说明 | +|----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| +| 布尔类型 | boolean true/'1'/'yes' false/'0'/'no' | +| 数值类型 | smallint 两字节 int 4字节 bigint 8字节 double/real浮点型 money 货币（两位小数 | +| 字符类型 | varchar(n 几位数)/char/text | +| 二进制 | bytea | +| 位串类型 | 一串0、1 bit(n)/bit varying(n) | +| 日期和时间 | data/time/timestamp | +| 枚举类型 | create type enum_name as enum ('apple','banana'); create table table_name (id int, name enum_name); | +| 几何类型 | 点point 直线line 线段lseg 路径path 多边形polygon 圆cycle | +| 网络地址 | cidr inet macaddr | +| 数组类型 | | +| 复合类型 | | +| xml类型 | XML | +| JSON | JSON | +| range | 范围 | +| 对象标识符类型 | oid类型、regproc类型、regclass类型 | +| 伪类型 | | +| 其他 | UUID | + +### 1.函数类型转换 + +函数CAST类型转换 + +select cast('5' as int),cast('20114-0717' as date); + +![](./images/2.1.jpg) + +![](./images/2.2.jpg) + +双冒号的方式 + +select '5'::int,'2014-07-17'::date; + +![](./images/2.3.jpg) + +### 2.布尔型 + +![](./images/2.4.jpg)![](./images/2.5.jpg)![](./images/2.6.jpg)![](./images/2.7.jpg) + +and/or/not + +![](./images/2.8.jpg) + +null表示未知 + +![](./images/2.9.jpg) + +![](./images/2.10.jpg) + +is 运算符 + +![](./images/2.11.jpg) + +unknown + +![](./images/2.12.jpg) + +### 3.小数 + +精确的小数类型 numeric、numeric(m,n）、numeric(m) + +numeric=decimal + +numeric(perision,scale) persion精度，scale标度 + +numeric(persion)=numeric(percision,0) + +声明标度，超过位数会四舍五入 + +声明精度的，小数点左右加起来的位数，超过该精度会报错 + +![](./images/2.13.jpg) + +对于 numeric(3,3)因为精度和标度都是三位，因此，该数字只能小于1 + +浮点数类型 不精确的变精度数字类型 double;real + +### 4. 序列类型 serial + +![](./images/2.14.jpg)![](./images/2.15.jpg) + +![](./images/2.16.jpg) + +### 5.货币类型 + +lc_monetary 其中，en_US.UTF-8 美国；zh_CN.UTF-8 中国 + +![](./images/2.17.jpg) + +### 6. 位串类型 + +bit(n) bit varying(n) n 表示二进制的位数 + +bit(n)必须等于该位数，否则会报错 + +bit varying(n) 不能超过该位数,否则会报错 + +![](./images/2.18.jpg) + +bit 默认一位 + +![](./images/2.19.jpg) + +### 7. 日期和时间 + +![](./images/2.20.jpg) + +![](./images/2.21.jpg)![](./images/2.22.jpg) + +### 8. 枚举 + +create type type_name as enum('a','b','c',); + +![](./images/2.23.jpg)![](./images/2.24.jpg) + +查看枚举类型 \\dT + +![](./images/2.25.jpg) + +### 9. 几何类型 + +![](./images/2.26.jpg) + +![](./images/2.27.jpg)![](./images/2.28.jpg) + +### 10. 复合类型 + +![](./images/2.29.jpg) + +![](./images/2.30.jpg) + +![](./images/2.31.jpg) + +筛选复合型的某个字段 + +![](./images/2.32.jpg) + +![](./images/2.33.jpg) + +range '[a,b]' (a,b) [a,b) '[' ']' 包含该数 '(' ')' 不包含该数 + +### 11.数组类型 + +int[ ]一维数组 + +int[ ][ ] 二维数组 + +![](./images/2.34.jpg) + +![](./images/2.35.jpg) + +![](./images/2.36.jpg) + +## 二、对象管理 + +### 数据库 + +1\. 创建数据库 + +![](./images/2.37.jpg) + +![](./images/2.38.jpg) + +2.修改数据库 + +![](./images/2.39.jpg)![](./images/2.40.jpg) + +3.删除数据库 + +drop database name; + +drop database if exists name; + +### 模式 + +1.创建模式 + +create schema name; + +2.修改模式 + +alter schema name rename to newname; + +alter schema name owner to newowner; + +3.删除模式 + +drop schema name; + +### 表 + +1.创建表 + +create table name(id int,name varchar(60)); + +![](./images/2.41.jpg) + +2.修改表 + +alter table table_name add d int；增加索引 + +3.删除表 + +DROP TABLE table_name; + +delete from table_name where id=1; + +总结：详细学习了数据类型，简单学习了对象的新建、修改、删除。将学习到的内容在postgresql上实际操作，加深了印象，并对数据库的基本用法印象更加深刻。在学习数据类型时，有很多类型是之前没有接触到的，在学习的过程中，对不懂得类型慢慢有所理解，在数据库的学习上有了很大的提升。 diff --git "a/content/zh/post/z-qw/\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\241\345\210\2223\342\200\224\346\200\273\347\273\223.md" "b/content/zh/post/z-qw/\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\241\345\210\2223\342\200\224\346\200\273\347\273\223.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cacd503406be94240b8a412e741f68a9faaaf287 --- /dev/null +++ "b/content/zh/post/z-qw/\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\241\345\210\2223\342\200\224\346\200\273\347\273\223.md" @@ -0,0 +1,267 @@ +# 第三阶段学习报告 + +## 一、事务管理 + +1.事务：在日常操作中，对于一组相关操作通常需要其全部成功或全部失败，这组相关操作称之为事务。 + +2.事务控制：begin 开始；commit 提交；rollback 回滚。遇到commit或rollback结束。 + +3.隔离级别： + +![](./images/3.1.jpg) + +脏读：读到未提交的数据。 + +不可重复读：一个事务重新读取读取过的事务，读到的内容与之前不同。若数据修改，可能发生不可重复读；事务上锁可以避免，但读需要上锁，对事务并发不友好。 + +幻读：事务进行过程中，之前依赖的数据被修改后，结果出现错误。 + +4.MVCC多版本并发控制 + +对数据行增删改，会产生大量副本，由vacuum清理垃圾。 + +两大功能：读不阻塞写，写不阻塞读；提供一致性读写。 + +无MVCC会对读到的每个行加锁：不方便做多并发；会发生死锁问题 + +MVCC产生的原因：保留原有数据，实现数据一致性 + +保留原有数据在原来位置，标记为旧版本，update后，原数据在原位置，新数据在新位置。 + +5.事务号 transaction id TXID + +32位无符号整数 + +每一个操作都会分一个事务号 + +![](./images/3.2.jpg) + +6.事务相关信息 + +xmin：插入该行的事务ID + +xmax：删除此行的事务ID + +cmin:事务插入的命令ID select/update/insert 就是2，从0开始 + +cmax:事物内部删除类的命令ID + +ctid:一个行版本在它所在表的物理位置 + +7.事务举例 + +![](./images/3.3.jpg) + +![](./images/3.4.jpg)![](./images/3.5.jpg) + +再对原窗口操作： + +![](./images/3.6.jpg) ![](./images/3.7.jpg) + +原窗口commit： + +![](./images/3.8.jpg) ![](./images/3.9.jpg) + +8.事务号的增长 + +事务ID的增长，从0开始到2的32次方 + +一般从3开始： + +0：无效事务id + +1：表初始化ID + +2：冻结ID + +同一个数据库中，最旧和最新两个事务之间年龄允许差2的31次方，一半 + +![](./images/3.10.jpg) + +9\. 事务可见性判定： + +![](./images/3.11.jpg) + +autovacuum(boolean）默认为'on' + +## 二、PL/pgSQL + +1\. PL/pgSQL + +一种可加载的程序开发语言，块结构语言。 + +声明部分：declare + +执行部分：begin + +异常处理部分：exception + +![](./images/3.12.jpg) + +end后面的分号可以省略 + +注释的两种方式：--；/\* \*/ + +简单的语言： + +![](./images/3.13.jpg) + +带有注释的： + +![](./images/3.14.jpg) + +2.变量声明 + +除了for循环的计数，变量都要声明 + +Variable_name [constant] variable_type [NOT NULL] [{DEFEAULT \| :=} EXPRESSION ]; + +常量（如果是常量） + +3\. 函数形参 + +create function func/\*函数名\*/(var/\*变量名\*/ real/\*变量类型\*/） returns real as \$\$ + +begin + +return var \* var; + +end; + +\$\$ language plpgsql; + +\$\$ + +plpgsql的程序体 + +\$\$ + +4.起别名 + +\$1第一个参数 + +\$2第二个参数 + +最好是起别名，更直观 + +在程序体中起别名 **newname ALIAS FOR \$1(oldname)** + +5.复制类型 + +![](./images/3.15.jpg) + +6.复制行结构 + +name table_name%ROWTYPE (用户自定义的) + +7\. 复制记录 + +name RECORD; 查询结果的一行 + +![](./images/3.16.jpg) + +8.赋值 + +A ：= B + +9\. select into + +![](./images/3.17.jpg) + +10.perform + +对结果不感兴趣：perform(将select换成perform） + +11\. 动态命令 + +![](./images/3.18.jpg) + +12\. 函数返回 + +return + +![](./images/3.19.jpg) + +return 变量名 + +![](./images/3.20.jpg) + +return next 返回结果值 + +![](./images/3.21.jpg) + +return query + +![](./images/3.22.jpg) + +13.条件： + +if then + +![](./images/3.23.jpg) + +if then elsif else + +![](./images/3.24.jpg) + +14\. 循环 + +loop循环体 + +遇到 exit和 return语句终止 + +exit + +![](./images/3.25.jpg) + +continue + +![](./images/3.26.jpg) + +while循环体 + +![](./images/3.27.jpg) + +for 循环体 + +无reverse 每次自增加1 有reverse 每次自减1 + +![](./images/3.28.jpg) + +![](./images/3.29.jpg) + +15\. 遍历命令结果 + +![](./images/3.30.jpg) + +16\. 游标 + +![](./images/3.31.jpg) + +![](./images/3.32.jpg) + +17\. 异常处理 + +捕获异常： + +![](./images/3.33.jpg) + +抛出错误： + +![](./images/3.34.jpg) + +![](./images/3.35.jpg) + +18.存储过程 + +![](./images/3.36.jpg) + +19.触发器 + +![](./images/3.37.jpg) + +20.自定义运算符 + +![](./images/3.38.jpg) + +总结：本阶段熟悉了事务管理和简单了解了plpgsql，事务管理部分文字内容较多，在开始的学习中，把握不够准确，但通过自己将上课内容进行实际操作，对事务的读和写，xmin/xmax/cmin/cmax以及事务号都有了较为深刻的理解。Plpgsql是一种块语言结构，将SQL语言与程序语言相结合，在大量的讲解中，对不同的使用方法学习较为清楚，在以后工作学习中，还需要不断运用，提升。