diff --git a/ets2panda/aot/main.cpp b/ets2panda/aot/main.cpp
index 6772ec2a051b1633694c7890eab5e831a1cb7f84..420240cb0ee8c3f829f32ba08e3e68afa017d0f0 100644
--- a/ets2panda/aot/main.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/aot/main.cpp
@@ -101,6 +101,15 @@ static int CompileMultipleFiles(es2panda::Compiler &compiler, std::vector<Source
     return overallRes;
 }
 
+static unsigned int ReleaseInputsAndReturn(std::vector<std::string *> &parserInputs, unsigned int returnCode)
+{
+    for (auto *input : parserInputs) {
+        delete input;
+    }
+    parserInputs.clear();
+    return returnCode;
+}
+
 static int CompileFromConfig(es2panda::Compiler &compiler, util::Options *options,
                              util::DiagnosticEngine &diagnosticEngine)
 {
@@ -111,6 +120,7 @@ static int CompileFromConfig(es2panda::Compiler &compiler, util::Options *option
     }
 
     std::vector<SourceFile> inputs {};
+    std::vector<std::string *> parserInputs;
     unsigned int overallRes = 0;
     for (auto &[src, dst] : compilationList) {
         std::ifstream inputStream(src);
@@ -120,14 +130,14 @@ static int CompileFromConfig(es2panda::Compiler &compiler, util::Options *option
         }
         std::stringstream ss;
         ss << inputStream.rdbuf();
-        auto *parserInput = new std::string(ss.str());
+        parserInputs.push_back(new std::string(ss.str()));
         inputStream.close();
-        es2panda::SourceFile input(src, *parserInput, options->IsModule(), std::string_view(dst));
+        es2panda::SourceFile input(src, *parserInputs.back(), options->IsModule(), std::string_view(dst));
         inputs.push_back(input);
     }
 
     if (options->IsPermArena() && (options->GetExtension() == util::gen::extension::ETS)) {
-        return CompileMultipleFiles(compiler, inputs, options, diagnosticEngine);
+        return ReleaseInputsAndReturn(parserInputs, CompileMultipleFiles(compiler, inputs, options, diagnosticEngine));
     }
 
     for (auto &input : inputs) {
@@ -141,7 +151,7 @@ static int CompileFromConfig(es2panda::Compiler &compiler, util::Options *option
             overallRes |= static_cast<unsigned>(res);
         }
     }
-    return overallRes;
+    return ReleaseInputsAndReturn(parserInputs, overallRes);
 }
 
 static std::optional<std::vector<util::Plugin>> InitializePlugins(std::vector<std::string> const &names,
diff --git a/ets2panda/checker/ETSAnalyzer.cpp b/ets2panda/checker/ETSAnalyzer.cpp
index 50390d0209c6e53a92617c2fbd8685d7c4a81a3a..3ad10ac0a1158db97eee77ae9108afeff0dfc05b 100644
--- a/ets2panda/checker/ETSAnalyzer.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/checker/ETSAnalyzer.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "types/typeFlag.h"
 #include "util/es2pandaMacros.h"
 
+#include <string_view>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 namespace ark::es2panda::checker {
@@ -2476,6 +2477,31 @@ checker::Type *ETSAnalyzer::Check(ir::ObjectExpression *expr) const
     return objType;
 }
 
+static void CheckInterfacePropertyCovered(ETSChecker *checker, const ir::ObjectExpression *expr,
+                                          checker::ETSObjectType *objType)
+{
+    std::set<util::StringView> propertyNames;
+
+    for (ir::Expression *propExpr : expr->Properties()) {
+        ir::Expression *key = propExpr->AsProperty()->Key();
+
+        util::StringView pname;
+        if (key->IsStringLiteral()) {
+            pname = key->AsStringLiteral()->Str();
+        } else if (key->IsIdentifier()) {
+            pname = key->AsIdentifier()->Name();
+        }
+        propertyNames.insert(pname);
+    }
+
+    for (auto *prop : objType->GetAllProperties()) {
+        if (propertyNames.find(prop->Name()) == propertyNames.end() &&
+            !IsPropertyOptional(prop, checker->GetTypeOfVariable(prop))) {
+            checker->LogError(diagnostic::PROPERTY_MISSING, {prop->Name(), objType->Name()}, expr->Start());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void ETSAnalyzer::CheckObjectExprProps(const ir::ObjectExpression *expr,
                                        checker::ETSObjectType *objectTypeForProperties,
                                        checker::PropertySearchFlags searchFlags) const
@@ -2528,6 +2554,8 @@ void ETSAnalyzer::CheckObjectExprProps(const ir::ObjectExpression *expr,
 
     if (objType->HasObjectFlag(ETSObjectFlags::REQUIRED)) {
         checker->ValidateObjectLiteralForRequiredType(objType, expr);
+    } else if (objType->HasObjectFlag(checker::ETSObjectFlags::INTERFACE)) {
+        CheckInterfacePropertyCovered(checker, expr, objType);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/ets2panda/checker/ets/function.cpp b/ets2panda/checker/ets/function.cpp
index 9c54d7de71e51e93a42adb637ea575b1384bbeef..0a27aadae20de1e95c82fc862dfb7b0999132fb3 100644
--- a/ets2panda/checker/ets/function.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/checker/ets/function.cpp
@@ -1617,7 +1617,7 @@ static bool AppendSignatureInfoParam(ETSChecker *checker, SignatureInfo *sigInfo
     if (!param->IsOptional()) {
         ++sigInfo->minArgCount;
     }
-    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(!param->IsOptional() ||
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(!param->IsOptional() || param->Ident()->TsType()->IsTypeError() ||
                     checker->Relation()->IsSupertypeOf(param->Ident()->TsType(), checker->GlobalETSUndefinedType()));
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/ets2panda/checker/ets/utilityTypeHandlers.cpp b/ets2panda/checker/ets/utilityTypeHandlers.cpp
index 6341a07915301bb57b18aec8fe648f1f1b01d5b0..3bc326155822b3d444b65c31076f1d1d42cf44ae 100644
--- a/ets2panda/checker/ets/utilityTypeHandlers.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/checker/ets/utilityTypeHandlers.cpp
@@ -525,6 +525,35 @@ void ETSChecker::CreatePartialClassDeclaration(ir::ClassDefinition *const newCla
     newClassDefinition->Variable()->SetTsType(nullptr);
 }
 
+static void SetupFunctionParams(ir::ScriptFunction *function, varbinder::FunctionParamScope *paramScope,
+                                checker::ETSChecker *checker)
+{
+    for (auto *params : function->Params()) {
+        auto *paramExpr = params->AsETSParameterExpression();
+        if (paramExpr->Ident()->TypeAnnotation() == nullptr) {
+            paramExpr->Ident()->SetTsTypeAnnotation(nullptr);
+        } else {
+            auto *unionType =
+                // SUPPRESS_CSA_NEXTLINE(alpha.core.AllocatorETSCheckerHint)
+                checker->ProgramAllocNode<ir::ETSUnionType>(
+                    ArenaVector<ir::TypeNode *>(
+                        {paramExpr->Ident()->TypeAnnotation(),
+                         // SUPPRESS_CSA_NEXTLINE(alpha.core.AllocatorETSCheckerHint)
+                         checker->ProgramAllocNode<ir::ETSUndefinedType>(checker->ProgramAllocator())},
+                        checker->ProgramAllocator()->Adapter()),
+                    checker->ProgramAllocator());
+            paramExpr->Ident()->SetTsTypeAnnotation(unionType);
+            unionType->SetParent(paramExpr->Ident());
+        }
+        auto [paramVar, node] = paramScope->AddParamDecl(checker->ProgramAllocator(), checker->VarBinder(), paramExpr);
+        if (node != nullptr) {
+            checker->VarBinder()->ThrowRedeclaration(node->Start(), paramVar->Name(), paramVar->Declaration()->Type());
+        }
+
+        paramExpr->SetVariable(paramVar);
+    }
+}
+
 // CC-OFFNXT(huge_method[C++], G.FUN.01-CPP) solid logic
 ir::MethodDefinition *ETSChecker::CreateNullishAccessor(ir::MethodDefinition *const accessor,
                                                         ir::TSInterfaceDeclaration *interface)
@@ -572,27 +601,8 @@ ir::MethodDefinition *ETSChecker::CreateNullishAccessor(ir::MethodDefinition *co
                                         ProgramAllocator()->Adapter()),
             ProgramAllocator()));
     } else {
-        for (auto *params : function->Params()) {
-            auto *paramExpr = params->AsETSParameterExpression();
-
-            auto *unionType =
-                // SUPPRESS_CSA_NEXTLINE(alpha.core.AllocatorETSCheckerHint)
-                ProgramAllocNode<ir::ETSUnionType>(
-                    ArenaVector<ir::TypeNode *>({paramExpr->Ident()->TypeAnnotation(),
-                                                 // SUPPRESS_CSA_NEXTLINE(alpha.core.AllocatorETSCheckerHint)
-                                                 ProgramAllocNode<ir::ETSUndefinedType>(ProgramAllocator())},
-                                                ProgramAllocator()->Adapter()),
-                    ProgramAllocator());
-            paramExpr->Ident()->SetTsTypeAnnotation(unionType);
-            unionType->SetParent(paramExpr->Ident());
-
-            auto [paramVar, node] = paramScope->AddParamDecl(ProgramAllocator(), VarBinder(), paramExpr);
-            if (node != nullptr) {
-                VarBinder()->ThrowRedeclaration(node->Start(), paramVar->Name(), paramVar->Declaration()->Type());
-            }
-
-            paramExpr->SetVariable(paramVar);
-        }
+        // SUPPRESS_CSA_NEXTLINE(alpha.core.AllocatorETSCheckerHint)
+        SetupFunctionParams(function, paramScope, this);
     }
 
     nullishAccessor->SetOverloads(ArenaVector<ir::MethodDefinition *>(ProgramAllocator()->Adapter()));
diff --git a/ets2panda/checker/ts/destructuringContext.cpp b/ets2panda/checker/ts/destructuringContext.cpp
index b3f516e2b8800af19064d364d879d5e4c8a8ce20..7fcbc2e9d905ac4dee37558f8e74a2cdf537f4a7 100644
--- a/ets2panda/checker/ts/destructuringContext.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/checker/ts/destructuringContext.cpp
@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@ void DestructuringContext::HandleAssignmentPattern(ir::AssignmentExpression *ass
     ES2PANDA_ASSERT(defaultType != nullptr);
     if (validateDefault && assignmentPattern->Right()->IsObjectExpression() &&
         assignmentPattern->Left()->IsObjectPattern()) {
+        ES2PANDA_ASSERT(defaultType != nullptr);
         ValidateObjectLiteralType(defaultType->AsObjectType(), assignmentPattern->Left()->AsObjectPattern());
     }
 
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/core/ETSGen.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/core/ETSGen.cpp
index 5b08e72fe6e600776d6686a52e1bd0f32e7d4ef2..0a724cf0d7e6f21d80a75d3dfc640b4b1a9d6e4e 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/core/ETSGen.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/core/ETSGen.cpp
@@ -675,8 +675,7 @@ void ETSGen::BranchIfIsInstance(const ir::AstNode *const node, const VReg srcReg
 void ETSGen::IsInstance(const ir::AstNode *const node, const VReg srcReg, const checker::Type *target)
 {
     target = Checker()->GetApparentType(target);
-    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(target != nullptr);
-    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(target->IsETSReferenceType() && GetAccumulatorType() != nullptr);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(target != nullptr && target->IsETSReferenceType() && GetAccumulatorType() != nullptr);
 
     if (target->IsETSAnyType()) {  // should be IsSupertypeOf(target, source)
         LoadAccumulatorBoolean(node, true);
@@ -1978,6 +1977,7 @@ static std::optional<std::pair<checker::Type const *, util::StringView>> SelectL
     ES2PANDA_ASSERT(alhs != nullptr && arhs != nullptr);
     alhs = alhs->IsETSStringType() ? checker->GlobalBuiltinETSStringType() : alhs;
     arhs = arhs->IsETSStringType() ? checker->GlobalBuiltinETSStringType() : arhs;
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(alhs != nullptr && arhs != nullptr);
     if (!alhs->IsETSObjectType() || !arhs->IsETSObjectType()) {
         return std::nullopt;
     }
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/core/compilerImpl.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/core/compilerImpl.cpp
index 8aea0d5139bdc7265b746ebac9a767967831edb6..cd36b35536ca68b350e211dba1cc2ac976942337 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/core/compilerImpl.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/core/compilerImpl.cpp
@@ -389,10 +389,21 @@ static bool ExecuteParsingAndCompiling(const CompilationUnit &unit, public_lib::
     return !context->diagnosticEngine->IsAnyError();
 }
 
+static pandasm::Program *ClearContextAndReturnProgam(public_lib::Context *context, pandasm::Program *program)
+{
+    context->config = nullptr;
+    context->parser = nullptr;
+    context->ClearCheckers();
+    context->ClearAnalyzers();
+    context->phaseManager = nullptr;
+    context->parserProgram = nullptr;
+    context->emitter = nullptr;
+    return program;
+}
+
 template <typename Parser, typename VarBinder, typename Checker, typename Analyzer, typename AstCompiler,
           typename CodeGen, typename RegSpiller, typename FunctionEmitter, typename Emitter>
-static pandasm::Program *Compile(const CompilationUnit &unit, CompilerImpl *compilerImpl,
-                                 [[maybe_unused]] public_lib::Context *context)
+static pandasm::Program *Compile(const CompilationUnit &unit, CompilerImpl *compilerImpl, public_lib::Context *context)
 {
     ir::DisableContextHistory();
     auto config = public_lib::ConfigImpl {};
@@ -438,11 +449,11 @@ static pandasm::Program *Compile(const CompilationUnit &unit, CompilerImpl *comp
     context->GetChecker()->Initialize(varbinder);
 
     if (!ExecuteParsingAndCompiling(unit, context)) {
-        return nullptr;
+        return ClearContextAndReturnProgam(context, nullptr);
     }
 
     MarkAsLowered(program);
-    return EmitProgram(compilerImpl, context, unit);
+    return ClearContextAndReturnProgam(context, EmitProgram(compilerImpl, context, unit));
 }
 
 pandasm::Program *CompilerImpl::Compile(const CompilationUnit &unit, public_lib::Context *context)
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/defaultParametersLowering.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/defaultParametersLowering.cpp
index 901046c0779895a5ad1c2f3ea9c424f54a5eefae..2c7afb91de09f6858c4fe0525b746f225d4ed6b4 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/defaultParametersLowering.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/defaultParametersLowering.cpp
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ static void TransformFunction(public_lib::Context *ctx, ir::ScriptFunction *func
         }
         if (param->AsETSParameterExpression()->TypeAnnotation() == nullptr) {  // #23134
             ES2PANDA_ASSERT(ctx->diagnosticEngine->IsAnyError());
+            param->AsETSParameterExpression()->SetInitializer(nullptr);
             continue;
         }
         defaultParams.push_back(param->AsETSParameterExpression());
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/enumLowering.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/enumLowering.cpp
index 8db2e4c678fc9769adbcfd0cfafe417f656c7ac7..7e515ade280dd78092e65c5dd5ff2ff324bcae97 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/enumLowering.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/enumLowering.cpp
@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ template <typename ElementMaker>
     auto *const arrayClassProp = AllocNode<ir::ClassProperty>(
         arrayIdent, arrayExpr, typeAnnotation,
         ir::ModifierFlags::STATIC | ir::ModifierFlags::PRIVATE | ir::ModifierFlags::READONLY, Allocator(), false);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(arrayClassProp != nullptr);
     arrayClassProp->SetParent(enumClass);
     enumClass->EmplaceBody(arrayClassProp);
 
@@ -345,6 +346,7 @@ void EnumLoweringPhase::CreateCCtorForEnumClass(ir::ClassDefinition *const enumC
                                                 ir::ScriptFunctionFlags::STATIC_BLOCK | ir::ScriptFunctionFlags::HIDDEN,
                                                 ir::ModifierFlags::STATIC, Language(Language::Id::ETS)});
 
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(func != nullptr);
     func->SetIdent(id);
     id->SetParent(func);
 
@@ -354,6 +356,7 @@ void EnumLoweringPhase::CreateCCtorForEnumClass(ir::ClassDefinition *const enumC
     auto *const methodDef =
         AllocNode<ir::MethodDefinition>(ir::MethodDefinitionKind::METHOD, identClone, funcExpr,
                                         ir::ModifierFlags::PRIVATE | ir::ModifierFlags::STATIC, Allocator(), false);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(methodDef != nullptr);
     methodDef->SetParent(enumClass);
     enumClass->EmplaceBody(methodDef);
 }
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/interfacePropertyDeclarations.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/interfacePropertyDeclarations.cpp
index c5a750ef4538fe80e89d750b8958610e26b9c6ee..9ffb2732ec79529dfbc8f6fae64ab9a5ed0e3395 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/interfacePropertyDeclarations.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/interfacePropertyDeclarations.cpp
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ ir::FunctionSignature InterfacePropertyDeclarationsPhase::GenerateGetterOrSetter
 
     if (isSetter) {
         auto paramIdent = field->Key()->AsIdentifier()->Clone(ctx->Allocator(), nullptr);
+        ES2PANDA_ASSERT(paramIdent != nullptr);
         paramIdent->SetTsTypeAnnotation(field->TypeAnnotation()->Clone(ctx->Allocator(), nullptr));
         paramIdent->TypeAnnotation()->SetParent(paramIdent);
 
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ ir::FunctionSignature InterfacePropertyDeclarationsPhase::GenerateGetterOrSetter
         InitScopesPhaseETS::RunExternalNode(paramIdent, varbinder);
 
         auto *const paramExpression = ctx->AllocNode<ir::ETSParameterExpression>(paramIdent, false, ctx->Allocator());
+        ES2PANDA_ASSERT(paramExpression != nullptr);
         paramExpression->SetRange(paramIdent->Range());
         auto [paramVar, node] = paramScope->AddParamDecl(ctx->Allocator(), varbinder, paramExpression);
         if (node != nullptr) {
@@ -109,6 +111,7 @@ ir::MethodDefinition *InterfacePropertyDeclarationsPhase::GenerateGetterOrSetter
     auto classScope = NearestScope(field);
     auto *paramScope = ctx->Allocator()->New<varbinder::FunctionParamScope>(ctx->Allocator(), classScope);
     auto *functionScope = ctx->Allocator()->New<varbinder::FunctionScope>(ctx->Allocator(), paramScope);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(functionScope != nullptr);
 
     functionScope->BindParamScope(paramScope);
     paramScope->BindFunctionScope(functionScope);
@@ -256,6 +259,7 @@ ir::Expression *InterfacePropertyDeclarationsPhase::UpdateInterfaceProperties(pu
     }
 
     auto newInterface = ctx->AllocNode<ir::TSInterfaceBody>(std::move(newPropertyList));
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(newInterface != nullptr);
     newInterface->SetRange(interface->Range());
     newInterface->SetParent(interface->Parent());
 
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/objectIndexAccess.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/objectIndexAccess.cpp
index 2e0b7f832828cc433c8c1ba42d5b2a46c36a4c2b..c57d29aa9c42cc26a8043da38705095c8a7b9e2e 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/objectIndexAccess.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/objectIndexAccess.cpp
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ ir::Expression *ObjectIndexLowering::ProcessIndexSetAccess(parser::ETSParser *pa
                                                            memberExpression->Property(), assignmentExpression->Right());
         setter = loweringResult;
     }
-    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(loweringResult != nullptr);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(loweringResult != nullptr && setter != nullptr);
     loweringResult->SetParent(assignmentExpression->Parent());
     loweringResult->SetRange(assignmentExpression->Range());
     setter->AddModifier(ir::ModifierFlags::ARRAY_SETTER);
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/objectIterator.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/objectIterator.cpp
index fa649a253b355362e9b22d1131806ce514227d1b..94293d00790f41d5e44f62ce58d8702276c3e6fb 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/objectIterator.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/objectIterator.cpp
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ ir::Statement *ObjectIteratorLowering::ProcessObjectIterator(public_lib::Context
         loopVariableIdent = declaration->Declarators().at(0U)->Id()->AsIdentifier()->Clone(allocator, nullptr);
     } else if (left->IsIdentifier()) {
         loopVariableIdent = Gensym(allocator);
+        ES2PANDA_ASSERT(loopVariableIdent != nullptr);
         loopVariableIdent->SetName(left->AsIdentifier()->Name());
     } else {
         ES2PANDA_UNREACHABLE();
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ ir::Statement *ObjectIteratorLowering::ProcessObjectIterator(public_lib::Context
 
     // Parse ArkTS code string and create corresponding AST nodes
     auto *const parser = ctx->parser->AsETSParser();
-    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(parser != nullptr);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(parser != nullptr && nextIdent != nullptr && iterIdent != nullptr);
 
     auto *const loweringResult = parser->CreateFormattedStatement(
         whileStatement, iterIdent, forOfStatement->Right(), nextIdent, iterIdent->Clone(allocator, nullptr),
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/objectLiteralLowering.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/objectLiteralLowering.cpp
index b593f51c3ea2f5a501ea4eab9d648872a500e33a..0a17664868cd5e997a8ef6118da133af8e2287ca 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/objectLiteralLowering.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/objectLiteralLowering.cpp
@@ -192,6 +192,7 @@ static void GenerateNewStatements(public_lib::Context *ctx, ir::ObjectExpression
     // Generating: let <genSym>: <TsType> = new <TsType>();
     auto *genSymIdent = Gensym(allocator);
     auto *type = ctx->AllocNode<ir::OpaqueTypeNode>(classType, allocator);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(genSymIdent != nullptr && type != nullptr);
     ss << "let @@I" << addNode(genSymIdent) << ": @@T" << addNode(type) << " = new @@T"
        << addNode(type->Clone(allocator, nullptr)) << "();" << std::endl;
 
@@ -225,7 +226,6 @@ static void GenerateNewStatements(public_lib::Context *ctx, ir::ObjectExpression
         if (isAnonymous && CheckReadonlyAndUpdateCtorArgs(keyIdent, value, ctorArgumentsMap)) {
             continue;
         }
-        ES2PANDA_ASSERT(genSymIdent != nullptr);
         ss << "@@I" << addNode(genSymIdent->Clone(allocator, nullptr)) << ".@@I" << addNode(keyIdent);
 
         if (value->IsBlockExpression()) {
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/restArgsLowering.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/restArgsLowering.cpp
index 952da6e17e77bb3262b7b5d53183e18593c055f4..8378bdad0be5a2cce5625e4a1ea982738ba4f879 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/restArgsLowering.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/restArgsLowering.cpp
@@ -34,9 +34,13 @@ static ir::BlockExpression *CreateRestArgsBlockExpression(public_lib::Context *c
 
     ArenaVector<ir::Statement *> blockStatements(allocator->Adapter());
     const auto arraySymbol = Gensym(allocator);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(arraySymbol != nullptr);
     const auto argumentSymbol = Gensym(allocator);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(argumentSymbol != nullptr);
     const auto iteratorIndex = Gensym(allocator);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(iteratorIndex != nullptr);
     const auto iteratorSymbol = Gensym(allocator);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(iteratorSymbol != nullptr);
     const auto elementType = checker->GetElementTypeOfArray(spreadElement->Argument()->TsType());
     auto *typeNode = allocator->New<ir::OpaqueTypeNode>(elementType, allocator);
     blockStatements.push_back(
@@ -51,7 +55,6 @@ static ir::BlockExpression *CreateRestArgsBlockExpression(public_lib::Context *c
     args.emplace_back(argumentSymbol->Clone(allocator, nullptr));
     ss << "@@I3[@@I4] = @@I5;";
     args.emplace_back(arraySymbol->Clone(allocator, nullptr));
-    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(iteratorIndex != nullptr);
     args.emplace_back(iteratorIndex->Clone(allocator, nullptr));
     args.emplace_back(iteratorSymbol->Clone(allocator, nullptr));
     ss << "@@I6 = @@I7 + 1;";
@@ -116,6 +119,7 @@ static ir::Expression *CreateRestArgsArray(public_lib::Context *context, ArenaVe
     // ss << "Array.from<@@T4>(@@I5);";
     // Now:
     // NOTE: refactor me!
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(genSymIdent != nullptr && genSymIdent2 != nullptr);
     ss << "let @@I1 : FixedArray<@@T2> = @@E3;";
     ss << "let @@I4 : Array<@@T5> = new Array<@@T6>(@@I7.length);";
     ss << "for (let i = 0; i < @@I8.length; ++i) { @@I9[i] = @@I10[i]}";
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/restTupleLowering.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/restTupleLowering.cpp
index 14aff4b6162842269fd1bdc94c1ecb81d9f4eee3..d584a899fa689733b93f2db1a09c3ad8ac222032 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/restTupleLowering.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/restTupleLowering.cpp
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ ir::ArrayExpression *CreateArrayExpression(public_lib::Context *ctx, const Arena
     for (auto tupleElementAnno : newRestParams) {
         auto &tupleElementName = tupleElementAnno->AsETSParameterExpression()->Ident()->AsIdentifier()->Name();
         ir::Expression *arg = ctx->AllocNode<ir::Identifier>(tupleElementName, allocator);
+        ES2PANDA_ASSERT(arg != nullptr);
         arg->SetParent(arrayExpr);
         elements.push_back(arg);
     }
@@ -268,7 +269,9 @@ ir::ScriptFunction *CreateNewScriptFunction(public_lib::Context *ctx, ir::Script
 
     ArenaVector<ir::AnnotationUsage *> annotationUsages {allocator->Adapter()};
     for (auto *annotationUsage : scriptFunc->Annotations()) {
-        annotationUsages.push_back(annotationUsage->Clone(allocator, newScriptFunc)->AsAnnotationUsage());
+        auto *newAnnotationUsage = annotationUsage->Clone(allocator, newScriptFunc);
+        ES2PANDA_ASSERT(newAnnotationUsage != nullptr);
+        annotationUsages.push_back(newAnnotationUsage->AsAnnotationUsage());
     }
     newScriptFunc->SetAnnotations(std::move(annotationUsages));
 
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/spreadLowering.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/spreadLowering.cpp
index 416e61cd70cc1a7e495a3c02326c7aa44612bae5..fe71baaaf67590f856dc015f7b303a87fae37d15 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/spreadLowering.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/spreadLowering.cpp
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ static ir::Identifier *CreateNewArrayDeclareStatement(public_lib::Context *ctx,
     auto *const allocator = ctx->allocator;
     auto *const parser = ctx->parser->AsETSParser();
     ir::Identifier *newArrayId = Gensym(allocator);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(newArrayId != nullptr);
     checker::Type *arrayElementType = checker->GetElementTypeOfArray(array->TsType());
 
     // NOTE: If arrayElementType is ETSUnionType(String|Int) or ETSObjectType(private constructor) or ..., we cannot
@@ -335,6 +336,7 @@ static ir::BlockExpression *CreateLoweredExpressionForArray(public_lib::Context
     ir::Identifier *newArrayId = CreateNewArrayDeclareStatement(ctx, array, statements, newArrayLengthId);
     ES2PANDA_ASSERT(newArrayId != nullptr);
     ir::Identifier *newArrayIndexId = Gensym(allocator);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(newArrayIndexId != nullptr);
     statements.emplace_back(
         parser->CreateFormattedStatement("let @@I1 = 0", newArrayIndexId->Clone(allocator, nullptr)));
     std::vector<ir::AstNode *> newArrayAndIndex {newArrayId->Clone(allocator, nullptr),
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/stringComparison.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/stringComparison.cpp
index e25361a7102bac98a576822d2bf4b416c8ff4858..68d18c745e13857b8c481ae05cb54c014c1ffd4d 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/stringComparison.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/stringComparison.cpp
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ void StringComparisonLowering::ProcessBinaryExpression(ir::BinaryExpression *exp
     auto *zeroExpr = checker->AllocNode<ir::NumberLiteral>(lexer::Number(int32_t(0)));
     auto *const callee = checker->AllocNode<ir::Identifier>("compareTo", checker->Allocator());
     ES2PANDA_ASSERT(callee != nullptr);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(checker->GlobalBuiltinETSStringType() != nullptr);
     auto *var = checker->GlobalBuiltinETSStringType()->GetProperty(callee->AsIdentifier()->Name(),
                                                                    checker::PropertySearchFlags::SEARCH_METHOD);
     callee->SetVariable(var);
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/topLevelStmts/globalClassHandler.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/topLevelStmts/globalClassHandler.cpp
index 63ee3413895e9c4325faca5556212787c9c89769..857b07c9a05c26cb536034e9bbbdeea6f8cda9be 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/topLevelStmts/globalClassHandler.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/topLevelStmts/globalClassHandler.cpp
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ ir::ClassDeclaration *GlobalClassHandler::CreateTransformedClass(ir::ETSModule *
 {
     auto className = ns->Ident()->Name();
     auto *ident = NodeAllocator::Alloc<ir::Identifier>(allocator_, className, allocator_);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(ident != nullptr);
     ident->SetRange(ns->Ident()->Range());
 
     auto *classDef = NodeAllocator::Alloc<ir::ClassDefinition>(allocator_, allocator_, ident,
@@ -168,6 +169,8 @@ ir::ClassDeclaration *GlobalClassHandler::CreateTransformedClass(ir::ETSModule *
     classDef->SetRange(ns->Range());
     classDef->AddModifier(ns->Modifiers());
     auto *classDecl = NodeAllocator::Alloc<ir::ClassDeclaration>(allocator_, classDef, allocator_);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(classDecl != nullptr);
+    classDecl->SetRange(ns->Range());
     classDecl->AddModifier(ns->Modifiers());
     classDef->SetNamespaceTransformed();
     ArenaVector<ir::AnnotationUsage *> annotations {allocator_->Adapter()};
@@ -427,6 +430,7 @@ ir::MethodDefinition *GlobalClassHandler::CreateGlobalMethod(const std::string_v
     const auto functionFlags = ir::ScriptFunctionFlags::NONE;
     auto functionModifiers = ir::ModifierFlags::STATIC | ir::ModifierFlags::PUBLIC;
     auto ident = NodeAllocator::Alloc<ir::Identifier>(allocator_, name, allocator_);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(ident != nullptr);
     auto body = NodeAllocator::ForceSetParent<ir::BlockStatement>(allocator_, allocator_, std::move(statements));
     auto funcSignature = ir::FunctionSignature(nullptr, ArenaVector<ir::Expression *>(allocator_->Adapter()), nullptr);
 
@@ -439,9 +443,12 @@ ir::MethodDefinition *GlobalClassHandler::CreateGlobalMethod(const std::string_v
     func->AddModifier(functionModifiers);
 
     auto *funcExpr = NodeAllocator::Alloc<ir::FunctionExpression>(allocator_, func);
+    auto *identClone = ident->Clone(allocator_, nullptr);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(identClone != nullptr);
     auto *methodDef = NodeAllocator::Alloc<ir::MethodDefinition>(allocator_, ir::MethodDefinitionKind::METHOD,
-                                                                 ident->Clone(allocator_, nullptr)->AsExpression(),
-                                                                 funcExpr, functionModifiers, allocator_, false);
+                                                                 identClone->AsExpression(), funcExpr,
+                                                                 functionModifiers, allocator_, false);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(methodDef != nullptr);
     auto minBound = lexer::SourcePosition(globalProgram_);
     auto maxBound = lexer::SourcePosition(globalProgram_);
     if (!body->Statements().empty()) {
@@ -498,6 +505,7 @@ void GlobalClassHandler::AddInitCallToStaticBlock(ir::ClassDefinition *globalCla
 
     auto *blockBody = staticBlock->Function()->Body()->AsBlockStatement();
     auto exprStmt = NodeAllocator::Alloc<ir::ExpressionStatement>(allocator_, callExpr);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(exprStmt != nullptr);
     exprStmt->SetParent(blockBody);
     blockBody->AddStatement(exprStmt);
 }
@@ -598,6 +606,7 @@ ir::ClassStaticBlock *GlobalClassHandler::CreateStaticBlock(ir::ClassDefinition
 
     auto *funcExpr = NodeAllocator::Alloc<ir::FunctionExpression>(allocator_, func);
     auto *staticBlock = NodeAllocator::Alloc<ir::ClassStaticBlock>(allocator_, funcExpr, allocator_);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(staticBlock != nullptr);
     staticBlock->AddModifier(ir::ModifierFlags::STATIC);
     staticBlock->SetRange({classDef->Start(), classDef->Start()});
     return staticBlock;
@@ -648,6 +657,7 @@ ir::ClassDeclaration *GlobalClassHandler::CreateGlobalClass(const parser::Progra
     const auto rangeToStartOfFile =
         lexer::SourceRange(lexer::SourcePosition(globalProgram), lexer::SourcePosition(globalProgram));
     auto *ident = NodeAllocator::Alloc<ir::Identifier>(allocator_, compiler::Signatures::ETS_GLOBAL, allocator_);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(ident != nullptr);
     ident->SetRange(rangeToStartOfFile);
     auto *classDef =
         NodeAllocator::Alloc<ir::ClassDefinition>(allocator_, allocator_, ident, ir::ClassDefinitionModifiers::GLOBAL,
@@ -655,6 +665,7 @@ ir::ClassDeclaration *GlobalClassHandler::CreateGlobalClass(const parser::Progra
     ES2PANDA_ASSERT(classDef != nullptr);
     classDef->SetRange(rangeToStartOfFile);
     auto *classDecl = NodeAllocator::Alloc<ir::ClassDeclaration>(allocator_, classDef, allocator_);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(classDecl != nullptr);
     classDecl->SetRange(rangeToStartOfFile);
 
     return classDecl;
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/topLevelStmts/globalDeclTransformer.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/topLevelStmts/globalDeclTransformer.cpp
index a5abdb80a0c90ccb91bf45aa3d008e944b584258..2ec4129350c4f25fe2933c2ba7fa249bfa4c4814 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/topLevelStmts/globalDeclTransformer.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/topLevelStmts/globalDeclTransformer.cpp
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ void GlobalDeclTransformer::VisitFunctionDeclaration(ir::FunctionDeclaration *fu
     auto *method = util::NodeAllocator::ForceSetParent<ir::MethodDefinition>(
         allocator_, methodKind, funcDecl->Function()->Id()->Clone(allocator_, nullptr), funcExpr,
         funcDecl->Function()->Modifiers(), allocator_, false);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(method != nullptr && method->Function() != nullptr);
     method->SetRange(funcDecl->Range());
     method->Function()->SetAnnotations(funcDecl->Annotations());
 
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ void GlobalDeclTransformer::VisitVariableDeclaration(ir::VariableDeclaration *va
                                            currentModule_->AsETSModule()->Program()->IsPackage();
         auto *field = util::NodeAllocator::ForceSetParent<ir::ClassProperty>(
             allocator_, id->Clone(allocator_, nullptr), declarator->Init(), typeAnn, modifiers, allocator_, false);
+        ES2PANDA_ASSERT(field != nullptr);
         field->SetInitInStaticBlock(needInitializeInStaticBlock);
         field->SetRange(declarator->Range());
 
@@ -104,7 +106,9 @@ void GlobalDeclTransformer::VisitVariableDeclaration(ir::VariableDeclaration *va
             ArenaVector<ir::AnnotationUsage *> propAnnotations(allocator_->Adapter());
             for (auto *annotationUsage : varDecl->Annotations()) {
                 ES2PANDA_ASSERT(annotationUsage != nullptr);
-                propAnnotations.push_back(annotationUsage->Clone(allocator_, field)->AsAnnotationUsage());
+                auto annotationUsageClone = annotationUsage->Clone(allocator_, field);
+                ES2PANDA_ASSERT(annotationUsageClone != nullptr);
+                propAnnotations.push_back(annotationUsageClone->AsAnnotationUsage());
             }
             field->SetAnnotations(std::move(propAnnotations));
         }
@@ -172,12 +176,14 @@ ir::Identifier *GlobalDeclTransformer::RefIdent(const util::StringView &name)
 ir::ExpressionStatement *GlobalDeclTransformer::InitTopLevelProperty(ir::ClassProperty *classProperty)
 {
     const auto initializer = classProperty->Value();
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(classProperty->Id() != nullptr);
     if (classProperty->IsConst() || initializer == nullptr) {
         classProperty->SetStart(classProperty->Id()->Start());
         return nullptr;
     }
 
     auto const ident = RefIdent(classProperty->Id()->Name());
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(ident != nullptr);
     ident->SetRange(classProperty->Id()->Range());
 
     initializer->SetParent(nullptr);
@@ -188,6 +194,7 @@ ir::ExpressionStatement *GlobalDeclTransformer::InitTopLevelProperty(ir::ClassPr
     assignmentExpression->SetTsType(initializer->TsType());
 
     auto expressionStatement = util::NodeAllocator::Alloc<ir::ExpressionStatement>(allocator_, assignmentExpression);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(expressionStatement != nullptr);
     expressionStatement->SetRange(classProperty->Range());
 
     classProperty->SetRange({ident->Start(), initializer->End()});
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/unionLowering.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/unionLowering.cpp
index aba0545179c38049cc67eca93b8c66cf50fc1b2d..1710ce3ed435369006874e8868836757f14cc2ca 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/unionLowering.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/ets/unionLowering.cpp
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ static ir::ClassDefinition *GetUnionAccessClass(public_lib::Context *ctx, varbin
     util::UString unionFieldClassName(util::StringView(name), allocator);
     auto *ident = ctx->AllocNode<ir::Identifier>(unionFieldClassName.View(), allocator);
     auto [decl, var] = varbinder->NewVarDecl<varbinder::ClassDecl>(ident->Start(), ident->Name());
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(ident != nullptr);
     ident->SetVariable(var);
 
     auto classCtx = varbinder::LexicalScope<varbinder::ClassScope>(varbinder);
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ static ir::ClassDefinition *GetUnionAccessClass(public_lib::Context *ctx, varbin
     ES2PANDA_ASSERT(classDef != nullptr);
     classDef->SetScope(classCtx.GetScope());
     auto *classDecl = ctx->AllocNode<ir::ClassDeclaration>(classDef, allocator);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(classDecl != nullptr);
     classDef->Scope()->BindNode(classDecl->Definition());
     decl->BindNode(classDef);
     var->SetScope(classDef->Scope());
@@ -84,8 +86,9 @@ static std::tuple<varbinder::LocalVariable *, checker::Signature *> CreateNamedA
 {
     auto *allocator = ctx->Allocator();
     auto *checker = ctx->GetChecker()->AsETSChecker();
-
-    auto unionType = checker->GetApparentType(checker->GetNonNullishType(expr->Object()->TsType()))->AsETSUnionType();
+    auto apparentType = checker->GetApparentType(checker->GetNonNullishType(expr->Object()->TsType()));
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(apparentType != nullptr);
+    auto unionType = apparentType->AsETSUnionType();
     auto *const accessClass = GetUnionAccessClass(ctx, varbinder, GetAccessClassName(unionType));
     auto methodName = expr->TsType()->AsETSFunctionType()->Name();
 
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ static std::tuple<varbinder::LocalVariable *, checker::Signature *> CreateNamedA
                        nullptr, ir::FunctionSignature(nullptr, std::move(params), returnTypeAnno),
                        // CC-OFFNXT(G.FMT.02-CPP) project code style
                        ir::ScriptFunctionFlags::METHOD, ir::ModifierFlags::PUBLIC});
-    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(func != nullptr);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(func != nullptr && methodIdent != nullptr);
     func->SetIdent(methodIdent->Clone(allocator, nullptr));
 
     // Create the synthetic function node
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ static std::tuple<varbinder::LocalVariable *, checker::Signature *> CreateNamedA
         auto boundCtx = varbinder::BoundContext(varbinder->AsETSBinder()->GetRecordTable(), accessClass, true);
         CheckLoweredNode(varbinder->AsETSBinder(), checker, method);
     }
-
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(method->Id() != nullptr && method->TsType() != nullptr);
     return {method->Id()->Variable()->AsLocalVariable(),
             method->TsType()->AsETSFunctionType()->CallSignatures().front()};
 }
@@ -135,7 +138,9 @@ static varbinder::LocalVariable *CreateNamedAccessProperty(public_lib::Context *
     auto *const allocator = ctx->Allocator();
     auto *checker = ctx->GetChecker()->AsETSChecker();
 
-    auto unionType = checker->GetApparentType(checker->GetNonNullishType(expr->Object()->TsType()))->AsETSUnionType();
+    auto apparentType = checker->GetApparentType(checker->GetNonNullishType(expr->Object()->TsType()));
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(apparentType != nullptr);
+    auto unionType = apparentType->AsETSUnionType();
     auto *const accessClass = GetUnionAccessClass(ctx, varbinder, GetAccessClassName(unionType));
     auto propName = expr->Property()->AsIdentifier()->Name();
     auto fieldType = expr->TsType();
diff --git a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/scopesInit/scopesInitPhase.cpp b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/scopesInit/scopesInitPhase.cpp
index 780c1346a8de45da66b1ccd3040cffeef8875a04..94db1887d7a1c843dd3d7155e8df1401b3c4a36c 100644
--- a/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/scopesInit/scopesInitPhase.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/compiler/lowering/scopesInit/scopesInitPhase.cpp
@@ -989,6 +989,7 @@ void InitScopesPhaseETS::DeclareClassMethod(ir::MethodDefinition *method)
     }
 
     const auto methodName = method->Id();
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(methodName != nullptr);
     auto *const clsScope = VarBinder()->GetScope()->AsClassScope();
     auto options =
         method->IsStatic()
@@ -1029,8 +1030,9 @@ void InitScopesPhaseETS::MaybeAddOverload(ir::MethodDefinition *method, ir::Iden
             methodName->SetVariable(var);
         }
         for (auto *overload : method->Overloads()) {
-            ES2PANDA_ASSERT((overload->Function()->Flags() & ir::ScriptFunctionFlags::OVERLOAD) ||
-                            (overload->Function()->Flags() & ir::ScriptFunctionFlags::EXTERNAL_OVERLOAD));
+            ES2PANDA_ASSERT(overload->Id() != nullptr &&
+                            ((overload->Function()->Flags() & ir::ScriptFunctionFlags::OVERLOAD) ||
+                             (overload->Function()->Flags() & ir::ScriptFunctionFlags::EXTERNAL_OVERLOAD)));
             overload->Id()->SetVariable(var);
             overload->SetParent(var->Declaration()->Node());
         }
@@ -1210,6 +1212,7 @@ void InitScopesPhaseETS::VisitMethodDefinition(ir::MethodDefinition *method)
 
     auto *curScope = VarBinder()->GetScope();
     const auto methodName = method->Id();
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(methodName != nullptr);
     auto res =
         curScope->Find(methodName->Name(), method->IsStatic() ? varbinder::ResolveBindingOptions::ALL_STATIC
                                                               : varbinder::ResolveBindingOptions::ALL_NON_STATIC);
diff --git a/ets2panda/declgen_ets2ts/declgenEts2Ts.cpp b/ets2panda/declgen_ets2ts/declgenEts2Ts.cpp
index 3ea2df1f3241ca2f974408c575931391a8afedc9..f1a78d5555550fe1dd38ca0629d3b1b98c1a215d 100644
--- a/ets2panda/declgen_ets2ts/declgenEts2Ts.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/declgen_ets2ts/declgenEts2Ts.cpp
@@ -618,6 +618,7 @@ void TSDeclGen::GenFunctionType(const checker::ETSFunctionType *etsFunctionType,
     const bool isSetter = methodDef != nullptr ? methodDef->Kind() == ir::MethodDefinitionKind::SET : false;
     // CC-OFFNXT(G.FMT.14-CPP) project code style
     const auto *sig = GetFuncSignature(etsFunctionType, methodDef);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(sig != nullptr);
     if (sig->HasFunction()) {
         GenTypeParameters(sig->Function()->TypeParams());
         const auto *funcBody = sig->Function()->Body();
diff --git a/ets2panda/driver/build_system/src/build/base_mode.ts b/ets2panda/driver/build_system/src/build/base_mode.ts
index abeb5ba7b8533042cbb7196ce9dc7d0e6e369515..b2cc884429621d8bbd3dc2ee93b97c1175cff8f5 100644
--- a/ets2panda/driver/build_system/src/build/base_mode.ts
+++ b/ets2panda/driver/build_system/src/build/base_mode.ts
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ export abstract class BaseMode {
     this.isBuildConfigModified = buildConfig.isBuildConfigModified as boolean | undefined;
     this.hasCleanWorker = false;
     this.byteCodeHar = buildConfig.byteCodeHar as boolean;
-    this.es2pandaMode = buildConfig?.es2pandaMode ?? ES2PANDA_MODE.RUN;
+    this.es2pandaMode = buildConfig?.es2pandaMode ?? ES2PANDA_MODE.RUN_PARALLEL;
     this.skipDeclCheck = buildConfig?.skipDeclCheck as boolean ?? true;
   }
 
diff --git a/ets2panda/ir/brokenTypeNode.cpp b/ets2panda/ir/brokenTypeNode.cpp
index 110222066dbaa978f61131669aba4f5c5f98cdc8..05ef63679f55f15117eaf0cf22f9f0ef00f2546b 100644
--- a/ets2panda/ir/brokenTypeNode.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/ir/brokenTypeNode.cpp
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ checker::VerifiedType BrokenTypeNode::Check([[maybe_unused]] checker::ETSChecker
 BrokenTypeNode *BrokenTypeNode::Clone(ArenaAllocator *const allocator, AstNode *const parent)
 {
     auto *const clone = allocator->New<BrokenTypeNode>(allocator);
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(clone != nullptr);
     if (parent != nullptr) {
         clone->SetParent(parent);
     }
diff --git a/ets2panda/ir/statements/tryStatement.cpp b/ets2panda/ir/statements/tryStatement.cpp
index 82d74865c48fce0170ee8973f5dd46710dd83e83..acc5b4d085afe04bd1a49cb404958b038ad7b90d 100644
--- a/ets2panda/ir/statements/tryStatement.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/ir/statements/tryStatement.cpp
@@ -125,7 +125,13 @@ TryStatement::TryStatement(TryStatement const &other, ArenaAllocator *allocator)
       finalizerInsertions_(allocator->Adapter()),
       finallyCanCompleteNormally_(other.finallyCanCompleteNormally_)
 {
-    block_ = other.block_ == nullptr ? nullptr : other.block_->Clone(allocator, this)->AsBlockStatement();
+    if (other.block_ == nullptr) {
+        block_ = nullptr;
+    } else {
+        auto *blockClone = other.block_->Clone(allocator, this);
+        ES2PANDA_ASSERT(blockClone != nullptr);
+        block_ = blockClone->AsBlockStatement();
+    }
     for (auto &cc : other.catchClauses_) {
         if (cc == nullptr) {
             catchClauses_.push_back(nullptr);
diff --git a/ets2panda/ir/ts/tsTupleType.cpp b/ets2panda/ir/ts/tsTupleType.cpp
index 25f14ade82f72d5931bfe9502f0959f89638d253..b07bf528784b9e9d8997cc493fbfde4834650122 100644
--- a/ets2panda/ir/ts/tsTupleType.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/ir/ts/tsTupleType.cpp
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ checker::Type *GetNumberIndexType(ArenaVector<checker::Type *> numberIndexTypes,
 
 static void SetMemberVarType(checker::Type *memberType, varbinder::LocalVariable *memberVar)
 {
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(memberType != nullptr);
     memberType->SetVariable(memberVar);
     memberVar->SetTsType(memberType);
 }
diff --git a/ets2panda/parser/ETSparser.cpp b/ets2panda/parser/ETSparser.cpp
index 3c6f3c73de5b11cc81019dc1f47be32d191c59da..a5b2030b296f917421319b0f8accd4c33a0568d3 100644
--- a/ets2panda/parser/ETSparser.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/parser/ETSparser.cpp
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ void ETSParser::ParseFileHeaderFlag(lexer::SourcePosition startLoc, ArenaVector<
 
     ir::Expression *fileHeaderFlag = ParseStringLiteral();
     auto *exprStatementNode = AllocNode<ir::ExpressionStatement>(fileHeaderFlag);
-
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(exprStatementNode != nullptr);
     exprStatementNode->SetRange({startLoc, fileHeaderFlag->End()});
     ConsumeSemicolon(exprStatementNode);
     if (statements != nullptr) {
diff --git a/ets2panda/parser/ETSparser.h b/ets2panda/parser/ETSparser.h
index 8bbfeecf694dc10ae08b6d088c63f2ba02987d40..0ce7879c46a24d290936f0508380d2b02031972f 100644
--- a/ets2panda/parser/ETSparser.h
+++ b/ets2panda/parser/ETSparser.h
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 #include "util/arktsconfig.h"
 #include "util/importPathManager.h"
-#include "util/recursiveGuard.h"
 #include "innerSourceParser.h"
 #include "TypedParser.h"
 #include "ir/base/classDefinition.h"
@@ -460,7 +459,6 @@ private:
 
     friend class ExternalSourceParser;
     friend class InnerSourceParser;
-    friend ir::Expression *HandleLeftParanthesis(ETSParser *parser, ExpressionParseFlags flags);
 
 private:
     uint32_t namespaceNestedRank_;
@@ -470,7 +468,6 @@ private:
     parser::Program *globalProgram_;
     std::vector<ir::AstNode *> insertingNodes_ {};
     std::unique_ptr<util::ImportPathManager> importPathManager_ {nullptr};
-    RecursiveContext recursiveCtx_;
 };
 
 class ExternalSourceParser {
diff --git a/ets2panda/parser/ETSparserExpressions.cpp b/ets2panda/parser/ETSparserExpressions.cpp
index 707d44ad1b567490b390a61158a971ea58c2bbf9..7422c412b5111d45bb65aa0f52958e16842cffa7 100644
--- a/ets2panda/parser/ETSparserExpressions.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/parser/ETSparserExpressions.cpp
@@ -321,26 +321,20 @@ ir::Expression *ETSParser::ParsePrimaryExpressionWithLiterals(ExpressionParseFla
     }
 }
 
-// This function is used to handle the left parenthesis in the expression parsing.
-ir::Expression *HandleLeftParanthesis(ETSParser *parser, ExpressionParseFlags flags)
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-default-arguments)
+ir::Expression *ETSParser::ParsePrimaryExpression(ExpressionParseFlags flags)
 {
-    TrackRecursive trackRecursive(parser->recursiveCtx_);
+    TrackRecursive trackRecursive(RecursiveCtx());
     if (!trackRecursive) {
-        parser->LogError(diagnostic::DEEP_NESTING);
-        while (parser->Lexer()->GetToken().Type() != lexer::TokenType::EOS) {
-            parser->Lexer()->NextToken();
+        LogError(diagnostic::DEEP_NESTING);
+        while (Lexer()->GetToken().Type() != lexer::TokenType::EOS) {
+            Lexer()->NextToken();
         }
-        return parser->AllocBrokenExpression(parser->Lexer()->GetToken().Loc());
+        return AllocBrokenExpression(Lexer()->GetToken().Loc());
     }
-    return parser->ParseCoverParenthesizedExpressionAndArrowParameterList(flags);
-}
-
-// NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-default-arguments)
-ir::Expression *ETSParser::ParsePrimaryExpression(ExpressionParseFlags flags)
-{
     switch (Lexer()->GetToken().Type()) {
         case lexer::TokenType::PUNCTUATOR_LEFT_PARENTHESIS: {
-            return HandleLeftParanthesis(this, flags);
+            return ParseCoverParenthesizedExpressionAndArrowParameterList(flags);
         }
         case lexer::TokenType::KEYW_THIS: {
             return ParseThisExpression();
diff --git a/ets2panda/parser/TSparser.cpp b/ets2panda/parser/TSparser.cpp
index 4c41a234a3ed0717b0f5940f822f92b59b496a69..69368d4accaa49116bfee617847af2661966416e 100644
--- a/ets2panda/parser/TSparser.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/parser/TSparser.cpp
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ ir::TSTypeParameter *TSParser::ParseMappedTypeParameter()
     lexer::SourcePosition endLoc = constraint->End();
 
     auto *typeParameter = AllocNode<ir::TSTypeParameter>(paramName, constraint, nullptr, Allocator());
-
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(typeParameter != nullptr);
     typeParameter->SetRange({startLoc, endLoc});
 
     return typeParameter;
diff --git a/ets2panda/parser/TypedParser.cpp b/ets2panda/parser/TypedParser.cpp
index 581e8dde2695d6a6b698eb2799ec66883c236bff..474bfaa6efcff784b93eb36a25e5a3d217b9ffaf 100644
--- a/ets2panda/parser/TypedParser.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/parser/TypedParser.cpp
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ ir::TSModuleDeclaration *TypedParser::ParseAmbientExternalModuleDeclaration(cons
 
         name = AllocNode<ir::StringLiteral>(Lexer()->GetToken().String());
     }
-
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(name != nullptr);
     name->SetRange(Lexer()->GetToken().Loc());
 
     Lexer()->NextToken();
@@ -511,6 +511,7 @@ ir::Statement *TypedParser::ParseInterfaceDeclaration(bool isStatic)
     auto members = ParseTypeLiteralOrInterface();
 
     auto *body = AllocNode<ir::TSInterfaceBody>(std::move(members));
+    ES2PANDA_ASSERT(body != nullptr);
     body->SetRange({bodyStart, Lexer()->GetToken().End()});
 
     const auto isExternal = IsExternal();
diff --git a/ets2panda/parser/parserImpl.h b/ets2panda/parser/parserImpl.h
index 4f134e6a2ab3df30c418f76ab28e0e50d9a6c4e4..6c9ef85562dc1eccc908aaf9a92dc1e3eb8220fe 100644
--- a/ets2panda/parser/parserImpl.h
+++ b/ets2panda/parser/parserImpl.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "parser/program/program.h"
 #include "util/diagnosticEngine.h"
 #include "util/helpers.h"
+#include "util/recursiveGuard.h"
 
 namespace ark::es2panda::lexer {
 class RegExpParser;
@@ -574,6 +575,11 @@ protected:
                    const std::function<bool()> &parseElement, lexer::SourcePosition *sourceEnd = nullptr,
                    bool allowTrailingSep = false);
 
+    RecursiveContext &RecursiveCtx()
+    {
+        return recursiveCtx_;
+    }
+
 private:
     bool GetCanBeForInOf(ir::Expression *leftNode, ir::AstNode *initNode);
     Program *program_;
@@ -584,6 +590,7 @@ private:
     const util::Options *options_;
     util::DiagnosticEngine &diagnosticEngine_;
     public_lib::Context *ctx_ {nullptr};
+    RecursiveContext recursiveCtx_;
 };
 }  // namespace ark::es2panda::parser
 
diff --git a/ets2panda/parser/statementParser.cpp b/ets2panda/parser/statementParser.cpp
index 00a7aae2d608009decf775a404edd7b2236d2d15..aa8941392c94f93c558847fa101f5e805e803858 100644
--- a/ets2panda/parser/statementParser.cpp
+++ b/ets2panda/parser/statementParser.cpp
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
 #include "lexer/lexer.h"
 #include "lexer/token/letters.h"
 #include "lexer/token/sourceLocation.h"
+#include "util/recursiveGuard.h"
 #include "util/ustring.h"
 #include "generated/diagnostic.h"
 
@@ -91,6 +92,14 @@ ir::Statement *ParserImpl::ParseStatementLiteralIdentHelper(StatementParsingFlag
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-default-arguments)
 ir::Statement *ParserImpl::ParseStatementPunctuatorsHelper(StatementParsingFlags flags)
 {
+    TrackRecursive trackRecursive(RecursiveCtx());
+    if (!trackRecursive) {
+        LogError(diagnostic::DEEP_NESTING);
+        while (Lexer()->GetToken().Type() != lexer::TokenType::EOS) {
+            Lexer()->NextToken();
+        }
+        return AllocBrokenStatement(Lexer()->GetToken().Loc());
+    }
     switch (lexer_->GetToken().Type()) {
         case lexer::TokenType::PUNCTUATOR_LEFT_BRACE:
             return ParseBlockStatement();
diff --git a/ets2panda/public/public.h b/ets2panda/public/public.h
index b3cd4ade2b4619c18aa50c9089bc265a130b0ba7..f11571c8e487acf486231bfb0351088061b8d62f 100644
--- a/ets2panda/public/public.h
+++ b/ets2panda/public/public.h
@@ -176,11 +176,10 @@ struct Context {
         checkers_.push_back(checker);
     }
 
-    void DestoryCheckers()
+    // NOTE(zhelyapov): It's calling side responsibility to release resources
+    void ClearCheckers()
     {
-        for (auto item : checkers_) {
-            delete item;
-        }
+        checkers_.clear();
     }
 
     checker::SemanticAnalyzer *GetAnalyzer() const;
@@ -190,11 +189,10 @@ struct Context {
         return analyzers_.push_back(analyzer);
     }
 
-    void DestoryAnalyzers()
+    // NOTE(zhelyapov): It's calling side responsibility to release resources
+    void ClearAnalyzers()
     {
-        for (auto item : analyzers_) {
-            delete item;
-        }
+        analyzers_.clear();
     }
 
     void MarkGenAbcForExternal(std::unordered_set<std::string> &genAbcList, public_lib::ExternalSource &extSources);
diff --git a/ets2panda/test/ast/compiler/ets/readonly_interface_porperty_missing.ets b/ets2panda/test/ast/compiler/ets/readonly_interface_porperty_missing.ets
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eaf5d9dc4a47eba79d8032a951229c4c78fabd27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/ast/compiler/ets/readonly_interface_porperty_missing.ets
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+interface A{
+    readonly name: string;
+}
+
+function createA(): A{
+    return /* @@ label */{};
+}
+
+/* @@@ label Error TypeError: Property 'name' is missing but required in type 'A'. */
+
diff --git a/ets2panda/test/ast/compiler/ets/type_error_processing/param_typeannotation_null.ets b/ets2panda/test/ast/compiler/ets/type_error_processing/param_typeannotation_null.ets
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e23f26a1e73d09f55811c7adb00e3db7161d0a8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/ast/compiler/ets/type_error_processing/param_typeannotation_null.ets
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+interface inter <T>{
+    get value(): Double;
+    set value(A = Int.MAX_VALUE + 1);
+}
+
+function foo(i: Partial<inter<String>>): void {}
+
+/* @@? 18:15 Error TypeError: The type of parameter 'A' cannot be inferred */
+/* @@? 18:17 Error SyntaxError: Parameter declaration should have an explicit type annotation. */
diff --git a/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/README.md b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4774895e4db5c49249240e6836aa8118bbf646b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Logic
+- Run es2panda for benchmark files from this directory
+- Dump perfmetrics to `<work_dir>/test-current-perf.txt` for current es2panda
+- Dump perfmetrics to `<work_dir>/test-pre_merge-perf.txt` for another (pre-merge) es2panda
+- Dump comparison report to `<work_dir>/test-report.txt` in format like `time=-90.00ms (-1.9%)`
+
+### Static mode
+If `actual_perf > max_perf * (1 + static_regression)` - an error occurs. Example:
+```
+[PERF REGRESSION] Failed for bench_1-current-perf.txt: Memory exceeded threshold.
+  Limit: 5.0%, Actual: +406.25%
+  Base: 32.00MB, New: 162.00MB
+  Threshold: < 33.60MB
+```
+
+If `actual_perf < max_perf * (1 + 3 * static_regression)` - an error occurs. Example:
+```
+[UPDATE REQUIRED] Very good perf for bench_1-current-perf.txt: Please update *-max.txt.
+  Hint: use flag '--dump-perf-metrics' and Release build of es2panda.
+```
+
+### Dynamic mode
+If `actual_perf > pre_merge_perf * dynamic_regression` - an error occurs (the same as in static mode).
+
+### Errors reporting
+Errors are printed to the console and also to `<work_dir>/error_log.txt`.
+
+# Arguments
+- `--mode` - 'static' to compare with `*-max.txt` files. 'dynamic' to compare with pre-merge es2panda.
+- `--es2panda` - Path to current es2panda (aka <build>/bin/es2panda)
+- `--es2panda-pre-merge` - Path to pre-merge es2panda (aka <pre_merge_build>/bin/es2panda)
+- `--test-dir` - Path to test directory with test files
+- `--work-dir` - Path to the working temp folder with gen, intermediate and report folders
+- `--dynamic-regression` - Acceptable regression compared to the another (pre-merge) es2panda
+- `--static-regression` - Acceptable regression compared to static vales from `*-max.txt` files
+- `--runs` - The number of runs to average
+- `--werror` - Warnings as errors
+
+# Max values
+Each file have companion: for `test.ets` companion is `test-max.txt`. This file contains max values for metrics.
+
+# Local reproduction
+```bash
+# static mode
+python3 <ets_frontend>/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/runner.py --mode=static --es2panda=<build>/bin/es2panda --work-dir=<build>/e2p_benchmarks --test-dir=<ets_frontend>/ets2panda/test/benchmarks
+
+# dynamic mode
+python3 <ets_frontend>/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/runner.py --mode=dynamic --es2panda=<build>/bin/es2panda --work-dir=<build>/e2p_benchmarks --test-dir=<ets_frontend>/ets2panda/test/benchmarks --es2panda-pre-merge=<pre_merge_build>/bin/es2panda
+```
+See `--help` if needed.
+
+# CI
+You can download artifacts for this job with perf stat.
+
+# Artifacts example
+
+test-perf.txt
+```
+================ es2panda perf metrics (Averaged over 3 runs) ================
+:@phases                                        :  time=891.00ms      mem=140.00MB
+:@phases/ConstantExpressionLowering             :  time=233.00ms      mem=0.26MB
+:@phases/TopLevelStatements                     :  time=193.00ms      mem=79.00MB
+:@phases/ResolveIdentifiers                     :  time=83.40ms       mem=6.00MB
+:@phases/CheckerPhase                           :  time=78.60ms       mem=19.00MB
+```
+
+test-report.txt
+```
+Performance Comparison: 'bench_1-max.txt' vs 'bench_1-current-perf.txt'
+================================================================================
+:@EmitProgram                                   :  time=+2.90ms (+4.6%)           mem=+0.00MB (+0.0%)
+:@GenerateProgram                               :  time=+4.67ms (+6.7%)           mem=0.00MB (0.0%)
+:@GenerateProgram/OptimizeBytecode              :  time=0.00ms (0.0%)             mem=0.00MB (0.0%)
+:@phases                                        :  time=+22.67ms (+2.6%)          mem=+0.00MB (+0.0%)
+:@phases/AmbientLowering                        :  time=-0.07ms (-0.6%)           mem=0.00MB (0.0%)
+```
diff --git a/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/bench_1-max.txt b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/bench_1-max.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81e3099f82e7696cbb68e727ae0288f68b6eb4ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/bench_1-max.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+================ es2panda perf metrics (Averaged over 500 runs) ================
+
+:@phases                                        :  time=1472.50ms     mem=159.89MB    
+:@GenerateProgram                               :  time=439.95ms      mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/ConstantExpressionLowering             :  time=374.76ms      mem=0.30MB      
+:@phases/TopLevelStatements                     :  time=273.61ms      mem=81.00MB     
+:@GenerateProgram/OptimizeBytecode              :  time=264.15ms      mem=0.00MB      
+:@EmitProgram                                   :  time=148.99ms      mem=31.22MB     
+:@phases/CheckerPhase                           :  time=132.83ms      mem=23.28MB     
+:@phases/ResolveIdentifiers                     :  time=112.03ms      mem=6.00MB      
+:@phases/InterfaceObjectLiteralLowering         :  time=81.20ms       mem=7.00MB      
+:@phases/LambdaObjectConversion                 :  time=74.07ms       mem=5.00MB      
+:@phases/ScopesInitPhase                        :  time=62.35ms       mem=13.79MB     
+:@phases/PartialExportClassGen                  :  time=45.10ms       mem=8.00MB      
+:@phases/Unbox                                  :  time=29.11ms       mem=0.74MB      
+:@phases/OptionalLowering                       :  time=25.61ms       mem=0.99MB      
+:@phases/ResizableArrayConvert                  :  time=22.40ms       mem=0.51MB      
+:@phases/InterfacePropertyDeclarationsPhase     :  time=21.20ms       mem=1.00MB      
+:@phases/EnumLoweringPhase                      :  time=19.05ms       mem=0.81MB      
+:@phases/EnumPostCheckLoweringPhase             :  time=18.67ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/OverloadMappingLowering                :  time=18.01ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/DeclareOverloadLowering                :  time=17.97ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/PromiseVoidInferencePhase              :  time=17.90ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/InsertOptionalParametersAnnotation     :  time=17.38ms       mem=0.74MB      
+:@phases/AmbientLowering                        :  time=17.22ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/ExpressionLambdaConstruction           :  time=17.15ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/GradualTypeNarrowing                   :  time=16.99ms       mem=1.88MB      
+:@phases/DefaultParametersInConstructorLowering :  time=16.67ms       mem=0.52MB      
+:@phases/ObjectIndexLowering                    :  time=3.65ms        mem=0.71MB      
+:@phases/CreateGenericBridges                   :  time=3.36ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/ArrayLiteralLowering                   :  time=3.24ms        mem=0.52MB      
+:@phases/BoxingForLocals                        :  time=1.64ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/ObjectLiteralLowering                  :  time=1.50ms        mem=0.23MB      
+:@phases/PrimitiveConversion                    :  time=1.26ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/OpAssignmentLowering                   :  time=1.22ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/UnionLowering                          :  time=0.95ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/StringConstructorLowering              :  time=0.74ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/OptionalArgumentsLowering              :  time=0.67ms        mem=0.03MB      
+:@phases/LateInitializationConvert              :  time=0.63ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/TypeFromLowering                       :  time=0.63ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/DefaultParametersLowering              :  time=0.62ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/ExpandBracketsPhase                    :  time=0.60ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/CapturedVariables                      :  time=0.57ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/RestTupleConstructionPhase             :  time=0.54ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/SpreadConstructionPhase                :  time=0.51ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/DynamicImport                          :  time=0.51ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/StringComparisonLowering               :  time=0.47ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/RestArgsLowering                       :  time=0.37ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/BigIntLowering                         :  time=0.36ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/ObjectIteratorLowering                 :  time=0.32ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/StringConstantsLowering                :  time=0.32ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/SetterLowering                         :  time=0.31ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/RecordLowering                         :  time=0.31ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/ExtentionAccessorPhase                 :  time=0.31ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/AsyncMethodLowering                    :  time=0.31ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/AnnotationCopyPostLowering             :  time=0.28ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/AnnotationCopyLowering                 :  time=0.28ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/SetJumpTargetPhase                     :  time=0.26ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/plugins-after-parse                    :  time=0.01ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/ExportAnonymousConstPhase              :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/plugins-after-lowering                 :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/DeclGenPhase                           :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/plugins-after-bind                     :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/PackageImplicitImport                  :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/plugins-after-check                    :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/CFGBuilder                             :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
diff --git a/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/bench_1.ets b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/bench_1.ets
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a200b8c29d28a7b0b7332f96f72f3e5dbe958c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/bench_1.ets
@@ -0,0 +1,1569 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// AccessBinaryTrees.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TreeNode {
+  private left: TreeNode | null;
+  private right: TreeNode | null;
+  private item: int;
+
+  constructor(left: TreeNode | null, right: TreeNode | null, item: int) {
+    this.left = left;
+    this.right = right;
+    this.item = item;
+  }
+
+  public itemCheck(): int {
+    if (this.left == null)
+      return this.item;
+    else
+      return this.item + this.left!.itemCheck() - this.right!.itemCheck();
+  }
+}
+
+export class AccessBinaryTrees {
+  static readonly startDepth = 4;
+  static readonly endDepth = 7;
+  static readonly expected = -4;
+
+  static bottomUpTree(item: int, depth: int): TreeNode {
+   if (depth > 0) {
+     return new TreeNode(
+       AccessBinaryTrees.bottomUpTree(2*item - 1, depth-1),
+       AccessBinaryTrees.bottomUpTree(2*item, depth-1),
+       item
+     );
+   }
+   return new TreeNode(null, null, item);
+  }
+
+  public run(): void {
+    let ret: int = 0;
+
+    for (let n: int = AccessBinaryTrees.startDepth; n <= AccessBinaryTrees.endDepth; n++) {
+      let minDepth: int = AccessBinaryTrees.startDepth;
+      let maxDepth: int = max(minDepth + 2, n);
+      let stretchDepth: int = maxDepth + 1;
+      let check: int = AccessBinaryTrees.bottomUpTree(0, stretchDepth).itemCheck();
+
+      let longLivedTree = AccessBinaryTrees.bottomUpTree(0, maxDepth);
+
+      for (let depth = minDepth; depth <= maxDepth; depth += 2) {
+        let iterations: int = 1 << (maxDepth - depth + minDepth);
+
+        check = 0;
+        for (let i: int = 1; i <= iterations; i++) {
+          check += AccessBinaryTrees.bottomUpTree(i, depth).itemCheck();
+          check += AccessBinaryTrees.bottomUpTree(-i, depth).itemCheck();
+        }
+      }
+
+      ret += longLivedTree.itemCheck();
+    }
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(ret, AccessBinaryTrees.expected,  "Incorrect result")
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// RestTuple6.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class A2<T> {}
+class B2<T> {}
+
+class C2 {
+  foo<T, U>(...p: [A2<T>, B2<U>]): boolean {
+      return p[0] == p[1]
+  }
+
+  moo<T, U>(a:int, ...p: [A2<T>, B2<U>]): boolean {
+      return p[0] == p[1]
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// GenericBridges_02.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+interface B3<T3> {
+  f23(v: B3<T3>): B3<T3>;
+}
+
+class C3<T3 extends Numeric|string, Z3, T1 = string> implements B3<T3> {
+
+  f13(v: T3): T3 {
+    return v;
+  }
+
+  f23(v: C3<T3, Z3>): C3<T3, Z3> {
+     return new C3<T3, Z3>();
+  }
+
+  f23(v: B3<T3>): B3<T3> {
+     return this.f23(v as C3<T3, Z3>);
+  }
+
+  f33(v: T3|string): string {
+    return "C3.f33";
+  }
+
+  f43(v: C3<T3, Z3>|Numeric): string {
+    return "C3.f43";
+  }
+
+  f53(x: T1|Z3|C3<T3, Z3, T1>[]): string {
+    return "C3.f53";
+  }
+
+  f63(x: C3<T3, Z3>, y: C3<T3, Z3>): string {
+    return "C3.f63";
+  }
+
+  f73(x: T3, y: C3<T3, Z3>): string {
+    return "C3.f73";
+  }
+
+  f83(x: string): string {
+    return "C3.f83";
+  }
+
+  f93(z: Z3, y: T1): string {
+    return "C3.f93";
+  }
+}
+
+class D3<W3> extends C3<string, W3> {
+  f13(v: string): string {
+    return "D3.f13";
+  }
+
+  f13(v: Numeric|string|C3<Int, W3>): string {
+    return this.f13(v as string);
+  }
+
+  f13(v: Int): Int {
+    return 7;
+  }
+
+  f23(v: D3<W3>): D3<W3> {
+    return new D3<W3>();
+  }
+
+  f33(v: string): string {
+    return "D3.f33";
+  }
+
+  f43(v: D3<W3>): string {
+    return "D3.f43";
+  }
+
+  f43 (x: int, y: int): int {
+    return x + y;
+  }
+
+  f53(x: string|W3|C3<string, W3>[]): string {
+    return "D3.f53";
+  }
+
+  f63(): string {
+    return "D3.f63";
+  }
+
+//   f73(x: string, y: D3<W3>): string {
+//     return "D3.f73";
+//   }
+
+  f83(x: string): string {
+    return "D3.f83";
+  }
+
+  f93(z: W3, y: string): string {
+    return "D3.f93-1";
+  }
+
+  f93(z: W3, y: Int): string {
+    return "D3.f93-2";
+  }
+}
+
+class F3 extends D3<string> {}
+
+class G3<U3 extends Numeric|string> extends C3<U3, string, Int> {}
+
+class E3<U3 extends Integral> extends C3<U3, string> {
+
+  f13(v: U3): Integral {
+    if (v instanceof Int) {
+      return new Int(7);
+    } else if (v instanceof Long) {
+      return new Long(8);
+    } else {
+      return new Int(-1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  f23(v: E3<U3>): E3<U3> {
+     return new E3<U3>();
+  }
+
+  f33(){}
+
+  f43(x:int, y: int): int { return x + y; }
+
+//   f73(x: U3, y: E3<U3>): string {
+//     return "E3.f73";
+//   }
+}
+
+function foo13(c: C3<Int, string>) {
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.f13(0), 7)
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.f23(c).f13(0), 7)
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.f53(""), "C3.f53")
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.f63(c, c), "C3.f63")
+}
+
+function foo23(c: C3<Long, string>) {
+ arktest.assertEQ(c.f13(0), 8)
+ arktest.assertEQ(c.f23(c).f13(0), 8)
+ arktest.assertEQ(c.f53(""), "C3.f53")
+ arktest.assertEQ(c.f73(3, c), "E3.f73")
+}
+
+function ttt3(c: C3<string, string>): void {
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.f13("ah"), "D3.f13")
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.f23(c).f13("ah"), "D3.f13")
+  arktest.assertEQ((c.f23(c as B3<string>) as C3<string, string>).f13("ah"), "D3.f13")
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.f33("ah"), "D3.f33")
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.f43(c), "D3.f43")
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.f53("ah"), "D3.f53")
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.f63(c, c), "C3.f63")
+  arktest.assertEQ((c as D3<string>).f63(), "D3.f63")
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.f73("ah", c), "D3.f73")
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.f83(""), "D3.f83")
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.f93("", ""), "C3.f93")
+  arktest.assertEQ((c as D3<string>).f93("", 0), "D3.f93-2")
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ArrowArity.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type S4 = string
+
+function xassert4(a: S4, b: S4) { arktest.assertEQ(a, b) }
+
+function p0call4(f: () => S4, a: S4[]) {
+    return f()
+}
+function p1call4(f: (p1: S4) => S4, a: S4[]) {
+    return f(a[0])
+}
+function p2call4(f: (p1: S4, p2: S4) => S4, a: S4[]) {
+    return f(a[0], a[1])
+}
+function p012call4(f: () => S4, a: S4[]) {
+    return p0call4(f, a) + p1call4(f, a) + p2call4(f, a)
+}
+function p_12call4(f: (p1: S4) => S4, a: S4[]) {
+    return p1call4(f, a) + p2call4(f, a)
+}
+function p__2call4(f: (p1: S4, p2: S4) => S4, a: S4[]) {
+    return p2call4(f, a)
+}
+
+function r0__call4(f: (p1?: S4, p2?: S4) => S4, a: S4[]) {
+    return f() + f(a[0]) + f(a[0], a[1])
+}
+function r_1_call4(f: (p1: S4, p2?: S4) => S4, a: S4[]) {
+    return f(a[0]) + f(a[0], a[1])
+}
+
+function testBasicArity4() {
+    let args = ["a", "b"]
+    let f0 = () => "/f0:"
+    let f1 = (a1: S4) => "/f1:" + a1
+    let f2 = (a1: S4, a2: S4) => "/f2:" + a1 + a2
+
+    xassert4(p012call4(f0, args), "/f0:/f0:/f0:")
+    xassert4(p_12call4(f0, args), "/f0:/f0:")
+    xassert4(p_12call4(f1, args), "/f1:a/f1:a")
+    xassert4(p__2call4(f0, args), "/f0:")
+    xassert4(p__2call4(f1, args), "/f1:a")
+    xassert4(p__2call4(f2, args), "/f2:ab")
+
+    xassert4(r0__call4(f0, args), "/f0:/f0:/f0:")
+    xassert4(r_1_call4(f0, args), "/f0:/f0:")
+    xassert4(r_1_call4(f1, args), "/f1:a/f1:a")
+}
+testBasicArity4();
+
+function testOptionalArity4() {
+    let args = ["a", "b"]
+    let tou = (v?: string) => v ?? "u"
+    let f0 = (a1?: S4, a2?: S4) => "/f0:" + tou(a1) + tou(a2)
+    let f1 = (a1: S4, a2?: S4) => "/f1:" + a1 + tou(a2)
+    let f2 = (a1: S4, a2: S4) => "/f2:" + a1 + a2
+
+    xassert4(p012call4(f0, args), "/f0:uu/f0:au/f0:ab")
+    xassert4(p_12call4(f0, args), "/f0:au/f0:ab")
+    xassert4(p_12call4(f1, args), "/f1:au/f1:ab")
+    xassert4(p__2call4(f0, args), "/f0:ab")
+    xassert4(p__2call4(f1, args), "/f1:ab")
+    xassert4(p__2call4(f2, args), "/f2:ab")
+
+    xassert4(r0__call4(f0, args), "/f0:uu/f0:au/f0:ab")
+    xassert4(r_1_call4(f0, args), "/f0:au/f0:ab")
+    xassert4(r_1_call4(f1, args), "/f1:au/f1:ab")
+}
+testOptionalArity4();
+
+function testDfltArity4() {
+    let args = ["a", "b"]
+    let f0 = (a1: S4 = "x", a2: S4 = "y") => "/f0:" + a1 + a2
+    let f1 = (a1: S4, a2: S4 = "y") => "/f1:" + a1 + a2
+    let f2 = (a1: S4, a2: S4) => "/f2:" + a1 + a2
+
+    xassert4(p012call4(f0, args), "/f0:xy/f0:ay/f0:ab")
+    xassert4(p_12call4(f0, args), "/f0:ay/f0:ab")
+    xassert4(p_12call4(f1, args), "/f1:ay/f1:ab")
+    xassert4(p__2call4(f0, args), "/f0:ab")
+    xassert4(p__2call4(f1, args), "/f1:ab")
+    xassert4(p__2call4(f2, args), "/f2:ab")
+
+    xassert4(r0__call4(f0, args), "/f0:xy/f0:ay/f0:ab")
+    xassert4(r_1_call4(f0, args), "/f0:ay/f0:ab")
+    xassert4(r_1_call4(f1, args), "/f1:ay/f1:ab")
+}
+testDfltArity4()
+
+function testDfltEvaluation4() {
+    let counter = "c"
+    let inc = () => (counter += "x")
+    let f = (a: string = inc()) => a
+    xassert4(f("a"), "a")
+    xassert4(f(), "cx")
+    xassert4(f(), "cxx")
+    xassert4(f(undefined), "cxxx")
+}
+testDfltEvaluation4()
+
+function testArrowExprCalls4() {
+    let x = (a1: S4, a2?: S4, a3?: S4) => a1 + (a2 ?? "u") + (a3 ?? "u")
+    xassert4(x("a"), "auu")
+    xassert4(x("a", "b"), "abu")
+    xassert4(x("a", "b", "c"), "abc")
+
+    xassert4(((a?: S4) => a ?? "u")(), "u")
+    // xassert4(((a?: S4) => a ?? "u")("a"), "a") // #22952: broken
+}
+testArrowExprCalls4()
+
+class X4<T4> {
+    constructor(v: (p?: T4) => T4) { this.fv = v }
+    get f() { return this.fv }
+    fv: (p?: T4) => T4
+}
+function gcall4<T4>(x: X4<T4>, a: T4) {
+    (x.f)();
+    (x.f)(a);
+    (x.fv)();
+    (x.fv)(a);
+}
+function testGenerics4() {
+    let res: string = ":"
+    let fn = (a?: string) => {
+        res += (a ?? "D");
+        return res;
+    };
+    gcall4(new X4<string>(fn), "a") // #22952: inference fails
+    xassert4(res, ":DaDa")
+}
+testGenerics4();
+
+function foo4(a1: S4, a2?: S4) { return a1 + (a2 ?? "D") }
+function testFuncRef4() {
+    let f = (a1: S4, a2?: S4) => foo4(a1, a2) // #22952: foo4 is overloaded
+    xassert4(f("a"), "aD")
+    xassert4(f("a", undefined), "aD")
+    xassert4(f("a", "b"), "ab")
+}
+testFuncRef4();
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// OptionalChains.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function assert_n5(v: Object | null | undefined) { arktest.assertTrue(v === null); }
+function assert_u5(v: Object | null | undefined) { arktest.assertTrue(v === undefined); }
+function assert_o5(v: Object | null | undefined) { arktest.assertTrue(v !== null && v !== undefined); }
+function assert_npe5(f: () => void) {
+    try {
+        f();
+    } catch (e: NullPointerError) {
+        return;
+    }
+    arktest.assertTrue(false,  "npe was not thrown")
+}
+
+class Link5 {
+    m(): Link5 { return this; }
+    f: Link5 = this;
+    a: Link5[] = [(this)];
+    c: () => Link5 = () => this
+
+    om(): Link5 | null { return this.m() }
+    of: Link5 | null = this.f;
+    oa: Link5[] | null = this.a;
+    oc: (() => Link5) | null = this.c;
+
+    nm(): Link5 | null { return null }
+    nf: Link5 | null = null;
+    na: Link5[] | null = null;
+    nc: (() => Link5) | null = null;
+
+    static noevalFlag = true;
+    noeval(): Link5 { if (Link5.noevalFlag) { throw new Error("never evaluated"); } return this; }
+}
+
+function test15(l: Link5 | null, nl: Link5 | null) {
+    assert_o5(l?.m());
+    assert_o5(l?.f);
+    assert_o5(l?.a[0]);
+    assert_o5(l?.c());
+    assert_o5(l?.of!.f);
+
+    assert_u5(nl?.m());
+    assert_u5(nl?.f);
+    assert_u5(nl?.a[0]);
+    assert_u5(nl?.c());
+    assert_u5(nl?.of!.f);
+    assert_u5(nl?.nf!.f);
+
+    nl?.m().noeval();
+    nl?.f.noeval();
+    nl?.a[0].noeval();
+    nl?.c().noeval();
+    nl?.of!.f.noeval();
+    assert_npe5(() => { nl?.of!.f! });
+}
+
+function test25(l: Link5 | null, nl: Link5 | null) {
+    assert_o5(l?.m().f.a[0].c());
+    assert_o5(l?.f.m().c().a[0]);
+    assert_o5(l?.a[0].c().f.m());
+    assert_o5(l?.c().m().a[0].f);
+    assert_o5(l?.c().m().of!.a[0].oc!().f);
+
+    assert_u5(nl?.m().f.a[0].c());
+    assert_u5(nl?.f.m().c().a[0]);
+    assert_u5(nl?.a[0].c().f.m());
+    assert_u5(nl?.c().m().a[0].f);
+    assert_u5(nl?.c().m().of!.a[0].oc!().f);
+
+    nl?.m().f.a[0].c().noeval();
+    nl?.f.m().c().a[0].noeval();
+    nl?.a[0].c().f.m().noeval();
+    nl?.c().m().a[0].f.noeval();
+    nl?.c().m().of!.a[0].oc!().f.noeval();
+}
+
+function test35(l: Link5 | null, nl: Link5 | null) {
+    assert_o5(l?.om()?.of?.oa?.[0].oc?.());
+    assert_o5(l?.of?.om()?.oc?.().oa?.[0]);
+    assert_o5(l?.oa?.[0]?.oc?.().of?.om());
+    assert_o5(l?.oc?.().om()?.oa?.[0].of);
+    assert_o5(l?.oc?.().om()?.of!.oa?.[0].oc!().of);
+
+    assert_u5(nl?.om()?.of?.oa?.[0].oc?.());
+    assert_u5(nl?.of?.om()?.oc?.().oa?.[0]);
+    assert_u5(nl?.oa?.[0]?.oc?.().of?.om());
+    assert_u5(nl?.oc?.().om()?.oa?.[0].of);
+    assert_u5(nl?.oc!().om()?.of!.oa![0].oc!().of);
+
+    nl?.om()?.of?.oa?.[0].oc?.().noeval();
+    nl?.of?.om()?.oc?.().oa?.[0].noeval();
+    nl?.oa?.[0]?.oc?.().of?.om()?.noeval();
+    nl?.oc?.().om()?.oa?.[0].of?.noeval();
+    nl?.oc?.().om()?.of!.oa?.[0].oc!().of?.noeval();
+}
+
+function test45(l: Link5 | null, nl: Link5 | null) {
+    assert_npe5(() => { nl?.of! });
+    nl?.of!.f;
+}
+
+function test55(l: Link5 | null, nl: Link5 | null) {
+    l?.f.a[0]?.f.c();
+    nl?.f.a[0]?.f.c().noeval();
+    assert_npe5(() => { nl?.f.a[0]?.f.c()! });
+    assert_npe5(() => { (nl?.f?.a)?.[0].f! });
+    assert_u5(l?.f.a[0].nf?.a[0].noeval()?.m());
+
+    let u: Link5 | undefined = l?.f.oc?.().na?.[0].noeval().f?.oa?.[0];
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// UnionAsAndInstanceof.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function assert_ccexc6(f: () => void) {
+    try {
+        f();
+    } catch (e) {
+        arktest.assertTrue(e instanceof ClassCastError)
+        return;
+    }
+    arktest.assertTrue(false, "exception expected")
+}
+
+function assert_nothrow6(f: () => void) {
+    try {
+        f();
+    } catch (e) {
+        arktest.assertTrue(false, "unexpected exception")
+    }
+}
+
+class A6 { }
+class B6 { }
+class C6 { }
+
+function foo6(x: Object | null | undefined) { return x as Object }
+
+function test_nullsafety6() {
+    // Handling of Object may be a bit different, so test it separately
+    // let f = ... until inference in form ((p)=>expr)(a) is broken
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | null | undefined) => x as Object); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | null | undefined) => x as Object); f(undefined); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | null) => x as Object); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | undefined) => x as Object); f(undefined); });
+
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | null | undefined) => x as Object | undefined); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | null | undefined) => x as Object | null); f(undefined); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | null) => x as Object | undefined); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | undefined) => x as Object | null); f(undefined); });
+
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null | undefined) => x as A6); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null | undefined) => x as A6); f(undefined); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null) => x as A6); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | undefined) => x as A6); f(undefined); });
+
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null | undefined) => x as A6 | undefined); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null | undefined) => x as A6 | null); f(undefined); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null) => x as A6 | undefined); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | undefined) => x as A6 | null); f(undefined); });
+
+
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | null | undefined) => x as Object); f(new Object()); });
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | null | undefined) => x as Object); f(new Object); });
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | null) => x as Object); f(new Object()); });
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | undefined) => x as Object); f(new Object()); });
+
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | null | undefined) => x as Object | undefined); f(new Object()); });
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | null | undefined) => x as Object | null); f(new Object()); });
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | null) => x as Object | undefined); f(new Object()); });
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: Object | undefined) => x as Object | null); f(new Object()); });
+
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null | undefined) => x as A6); f(new A6()); });
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null | undefined) => x as A6); f(new A6()); });
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null) => x as A6); f(new A6()); });
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | undefined) => x as A6); f(new A6()); });
+
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null | undefined) => x as A6 | undefined); f(new A6()); });
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null | undefined) => x as A6 | null); f(new A6()); });
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null) => x as A6 | undefined); f(new A6()); });
+    assert_nothrow6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | undefined) => x as A6 | null); f(new A6()); });
+}
+
+function test_unions6() {
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | B6 | C6) => x as A6); f(new C6()); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | B6 | C6) => x as A6 | B6); f(new C6()); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | B6 | C6 | null) => x as A6 | B6); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | B6 | C6 | undefined) => x as A6 | B6); f(undefined); });
+
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null | undefined) => x as A6 | undefined); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null | undefined) => x as A6 | null); f(undefined); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null) => x as A6 | undefined); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | undefined) => x as A6 | null); f(undefined); });
+
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | B6 | C6) => x as A6); f(new C6()); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | B6 | C6) => x as A6 | B6); f(new C6()); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | B6 | C6 | null) => x as A6 | B6); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | B6 | C6 | undefined) => x as A6 | B6); f(undefined); });
+
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null | undefined) => x as A6 | undefined); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null | undefined) => x as A6 | null); f(undefined); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | null) => x as A6 | undefined); f(null); });
+    assert_ccexc6(() => { let f = ((x: A6 | undefined) => x as A6 | null); f(undefined); });
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// UncheckedCasts.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function assert_ccexc7(f: () => void) {
+    try {
+        f();
+    } catch (e) {
+        arktest.assertTrue(e instanceof ClassCastError)
+        return;
+    }
+    arktest.assertTrue(false, "exception expected")
+}
+
+class A7 { }
+class B7 { }
+class C7 { }
+class X7<T7> { }
+
+function erase7<T7>(x: Object | null | undefined): T7 { return x as T7; }
+
+function test_substitution7() {
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<Object>(null); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<Object>(undefined); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<A7>(null); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<A7>(undefined); })
+
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<Object | undefined>(null); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<Object | null>(undefined); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<A7 | undefined>(null); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<A7 | null>(undefined); })
+
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<A7>(undefined); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<A7>(new Object()); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<A7>(new B7()); })
+
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<A7 | B7>(undefined); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<A7 | B7>(new Object()); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<A7 | B7>(new C7()); })
+
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { erase7<FixedArray<A7>>(new B7[0]); })
+}
+
+class Erased7<T7> {
+    constructor(x: Object | null | undefined) { this.t7 = x as T7; }
+    t7: T7;
+}
+
+function test_substitution_memberexpr7() {
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<Object>(null).t7; })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<Object>(undefined).t7; })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<A7>(null).t7; })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<A7>(undefined).t7; })
+
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<Object | undefined>(null).t7; })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<Object | null>(undefined).t7; })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<A7 | undefined>(null).t7; })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<A7 | null>(undefined).t7; })
+
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<A7>(undefined).t7; })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<A7>(new Object()).t7; })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<A7>(new B7()).t7; })
+
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<A7 | B7>(undefined).t7; })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<A7 | B7>(new Object()).t7; })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<A7 | B7>(new C7()).t7; })
+
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { new Erased7<FixedArray<A7>>(new B7[0]).t7; })
+}
+
+function cast_to_tparam7<T7 extends A7 | B7 | null>(x: Object | null | undefined) { x as T7; }
+
+function test_constraint7() {
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { cast_to_tparam7<A7>(undefined); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { cast_to_tparam7<A7>(new Object()); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { cast_to_tparam7<A7>(new C7()); })
+}
+
+function to_basetype7<T7>(x: Object | null | undefined) { return x as X7<T7>; }
+
+function test_basetype7() {
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { to_basetype7<A7>(null); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { to_basetype7<A7>(undefined); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { to_basetype7<A7>(new Object()); })
+    assert_ccexc7(() => { to_basetype7<A7>(new C7()); })
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// partialTypeRuntime_2.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class Class18 { fld: Number = 2; }
+
+function test_18(): void {
+    let class1_partial: Partial<Class18> = {fld: 3};
+    arktest.assertEQ(class1_partial.fld, 3)
+    class1_partial.fld = undefined;
+    arktest.assertTrue(class1_partial.fld === undefined)
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------
+
+class Class28 {
+    fld: Number = 2;
+    foo(a0: Partial<Class28>) {
+        a0.fld = undefined;
+    }
+}
+
+function test_28(): void {
+    let class2_original: Class28 = new Class28();
+    let class2_partial: Partial<Class28> = {fld: 3};
+    arktest.assertEQ(class2_partial.fld, 3)
+    class2_original.foo(class2_partial);
+    arktest.assertTrue(class2_partial.fld === undefined)
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------
+
+class Class38 {
+    mmeb: Number = 2;
+    foo(a0: Partial<Class58>){
+        a0.mmeb = undefined;
+    }
+}
+
+class Class48 extends Class38 {}
+
+class Class58 extends Class48 {
+    mmeb: Number = 2;
+    foo(a0: Partial<Class38>){
+        a0.mmeb = undefined;
+    }
+}
+
+function test_38(): void {
+    let class3_original: Class38 = new Class38();
+    let class5_original: Class38 = new Class58();
+    let class3_partial: Partial<Class38> = {mmeb: 8};
+    let class5_partial: Partial<Class58> = {mmeb: 10};
+    class3_original.foo(class5_partial);
+    class5_original.foo(class3_partial);
+    arktest.assertTrue(class3_partial.mmeb === undefined)
+    arktest.assertTrue(class5_partial.mmeb === undefined)
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------
+
+class Class68<T8> {
+    mmeb: Number = 2;
+    foo(a0: Partial<T8>){
+        if(this.mmeb == 3){
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.bar(a0);
+    }
+    bar(a0: Partial<T8>){
+        this.mmeb = 3;
+        this.foo(a0);
+    }
+}
+
+class Class78 { fld: Number = 6;}
+
+class Class88 <T8 extends Class78> {
+    baz(a0: Partial<T8>){
+        a0.fld = undefined;
+    }
+}
+
+function test_48(): void {
+    let class7_partial: Partial<Class78> = {fld: 8};
+    let class6_original: Class68<Class78> = new Class68<Class78>();
+    class6_original.foo(class7_partial);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------
+
+class Class98 { fld: Number = 8; }
+
+class Class108 extends Class98 { memb: Number = 9; }
+
+function test_58(): void {
+    let class10_partial: Partial<Class108> = {memb: 7, fld: 5};
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(class10_partial.memb, 7)
+    arktest.assertEQ(class10_partial.fld, 5)
+
+    class10_partial.memb = undefined;
+    class10_partial.fld = undefined;
+
+    arktest.assertTrue(class10_partial.memb === undefined)
+    arktest.assertTrue(class10_partial.fld === undefined)
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------
+
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_01.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class C33  {
+  bar(): string {
+    return "Class C33";
+  }
+}
+
+function foo33(c: Object|null|undefined): string {
+  if (c instanceof string)  {
+    arktest.assertEQ(c.length, 11)
+    c = "Case 1";
+  } else if (c instanceof C33) {
+    arktest.assertEQ(c.bar(), "Class C33")
+    c = "Case 2";
+  } else if (c instanceof Int) {
+    arktest.assertEQ(c * 7, 49)
+    c = "Case 3";
+  } else if (c instanceof null) {
+    arktest.assertEQ(c, null)
+    c = "Case 4";
+  } else {
+    c = "Case 5";
+  }
+
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.length, 6)
+  return c;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_02.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class A31 {
+  bar(): string {
+    return "Class A31";
+  }
+}
+
+class B31 extends A31 {}
+
+class C31 extends B31 {
+  bar(): string {
+    return "Class C31";
+  }
+}
+
+function foo31(c: Int|String|A31|null|undefined): void {
+  if (c instanceof String)  {
+    arktest.assertEQ(c.length, 11)
+  } else if (c instanceof C31) {
+    arktest.assertEQ(c.bar(), "Class C31")
+  } else if (c instanceof Int) {
+    arktest.assertEQ(c * c, 49)
+  } else if (c === undefined) {
+     arktest.assertEQ(c, undefined)
+  } else {
+     arktest.assertEQ(c, null)
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_03.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class C32  {
+  constructor() {}
+
+  constructor(a: int) {
+    this.x = a;
+  }
+
+  bar(): string {
+    return "Class C32";
+  }
+
+  baz(): int {
+    return this.x;
+  }
+
+  private x: int = 7;
+}
+
+function foo32(c: Object|null|undefined): string {
+  if (c instanceof string && (c.length == 11 || c == "Test"))  {
+    c = "Case 1";
+  } else if (c instanceof C32 && c.baz() == 7) {
+    arktest.assertEQ(c.bar(), "Class C32")
+    c = "Case 2";
+  } else if (c instanceof Int && c >= 0) {
+    arktest.assertTrue(c >= 0)
+    c = "Case 3";
+  } else if (c instanceof null) {
+    arktest.assertEQ(c, null)
+    c = "Case 4";
+  } else {
+    c = "Case 5";
+  }
+
+  arktest.assertEQ(c.length, 6)
+  return c;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_04.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function fooAnd34(x: String|null, y: String|null): string {
+  if (x != null && y != null)  {
+    return x + " " + y;
+  } else if (x == null && y == null) {
+    return "null";
+  } else if (x != null && y == null) {
+    return x;
+  } else if (x == null && y != null) {
+     return y;
+  } else {
+     throw new Error("Unreachable");
+  }
+}
+
+function fooOr134(x: String|null, y: String|null): string {
+  if (x != null || y != null)  {
+    return "case 1";
+  } else if (x == null && y == null) {
+    return "null";
+  } else {
+     throw new Error("Unreachable");
+  }
+}
+
+function fooOr234(x: String|null, y: String|null): string {
+  if (x == null || y == null)  {
+    return "case 1";
+  } else if (x != null && y != null) {
+    return x + " " + y;
+  } else {
+     throw new Error("Unreachable");
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_05.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class C35  {
+  readonly a: boolean
+  constructor(a_: boolean = false) {
+    this.a = a_;
+  }
+}
+
+function foo135(x: C35|null|undefined): string {
+  if (x == null || !x.a)  {
+    return x != null ? "false1" : "null";
+  } else  {
+    return x.a ? "true2" : "false2";
+  }
+}
+
+function foo235(x: C35|null|undefined): string {
+  if (x != null && x.a)  {
+    return "true";
+  } else  {
+    return  x != null ? "false" : "null";
+  }
+}
+
+function bar35(x: C35|null|undefined, y: boolean, z: boolean): string {
+  if ((x instanceof C35 && y) || (x instanceof C35 && z))  {
+    return (x.a ? "true1" : "false1") + y + z;
+  } else  {
+    return (x != null ? (x.a ? "true2" : "false2") : "null") + y + z;
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_06.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function foo36(x: int): string
+{
+  let rc: string|undefined = "default";
+
+  label1: switch(x) {
+    case 0:
+       rc = "case 0";
+    case 1: {
+       let rc1: string|undefined = ():string => {return "case 1";}();
+       label2: switch(rc) {
+          case "default":
+             rc = undefined;
+             break label2;
+          default:
+             break label1;
+       }
+       rc = rc1;
+       break;
+    }
+    case 2:
+       rc = undefined;
+       let rc2: string|null = ():string => {return "case 2";}();
+       return rc2;
+    case 3:
+       rc = "case 3";
+       break;
+    case 4:
+       rc = undefined;
+    default:
+       return rc != null ? rc :"case 4"
+    case 5:
+       rc = "case 5";
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_08.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function foo37(flag37: boolean): int {
+
+  let x: int|undefined = 0;
+  let y: int|undefined = 1;
+  let z: int|undefined = 2;
+  let w: int|undefined = 3;
+
+  try {
+    y = 1;
+    if (flag37) {
+      throw new Error();
+    }
+  } catch(ex: NullPointerError) {
+    z = 2;
+  } catch(ex) {
+    w = undefined;
+  }
+
+  return x + y! + z + w!;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_09.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class A38 {
+  prev_: A38|undefined = undefined;
+  next_: A38|undefined = undefined;
+
+  m() {
+    const prev = this.prev_;
+    const next = this.next_;
+
+    if (prev) {
+      this.prev_ = undefined;
+      prev.next_ = next;
+    }
+
+    if (next) {
+      this.next_ = undefined;
+      next.prev_ = prev;
+    }
+
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_10.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+interface It39<T39> {
+}
+
+class Cl39<T39> implements It39<T39> {
+
+  constructor(p: T39) {
+    this.x = p;
+  }
+
+  static resolve<U>(value: U|It39<U>): Cl39<U> {
+    if (value instanceof Cl39) {
+        return value as Cl39<U>;
+    }
+    return new Cl39<U>(value as U);
+  }
+
+  x: T39;
+
+  print(): string {
+    if (this.x == undefined) {
+      return "value is " + this.x;
+    }
+    else if (this.x instanceof string) {
+      return "string: '" + this.x + "'";
+    } else {
+      return "number = " + this.x;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_11.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class C41 {}
+
+function foo41(arg?: boolean): C41 | undefined {
+    if (arg == undefined) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    return arg == false ? undefined : new C41();
+}
+
+function bar41(arg?: boolean): C41 | undefined {
+    if (arg == true) return new C41();
+    return arg == false ? undefined : new C41();
+}
+
+function baz41(arg?: boolean): int {
+    if (arg == undefined) return 0;
+    arktest.assertEQ(typeof arg, "boolean")
+    return 1;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_13.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class C43 {}
+
+function foo43(arg?: number): C43 | undefined {
+  if (arg == 5) return new C43();
+  return arg == 3 ? undefined : new C43();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_14.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class A44<T44> {
+    A44(a44?: T44 | number[]) {
+        if (a44 instanceof Error) {
+            return this.D(a44);
+        } else if (a44 instanceof undefined) {
+            return this.B(a44);
+        } else if (a44 instanceof number[]) {
+            return this.E(a44);
+        } else {
+            return this.C(a44);
+        }
+    }
+
+    B(b: undefined) {
+        return "undefined";
+    }
+
+    C(c: T44) {
+        return "Generic";
+    }
+
+    D(d: Error) {
+        return "Error";
+    }
+
+    E(e: number[]) {
+        return "number[]"
+    }
+}
+
+let a44 = new A44<Error | number>();
+arktest.assertEQ(a44.A44(Error()), "Error");
+arktest.assertEQ(a44.A44(undefined), "undefined");
+arktest.assertEQ(a44.A44(1), "Generic");
+arktest.assertEQ(a44.A44([1, 2, 3]), "number[]")
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_15.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Issue #22779 - smart cast in return statement
+function isEmpty45(text?: string): boolean {
+    return text === undefined || text === null || text.length === 0
+}
+
+// Some other examples
+function foo45(text?: string): boolean {
+    let a: boolean = (text === undefined || text === null || text.length == 0) ? true : false
+    let b: boolean = text === undefined || text === null || text.length == 0
+    let c: boolean = !(text !== undefined) || text === null || text.length == 0
+    let d: boolean = (text !== undefined && text !== null) ? text.length == 0 : true
+    let e: boolean = (text != undefined && text != null) ? text.length == 0 : true
+    return a && b && c && d && e
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SmartCast_16.ets
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class C45<out T45> {
+  readonly fld: T45
+  constructor(p: T45) {
+      this.fld = p
+  }
+}
+
+type NestedC45 = String | C45<NestedC45> | Error
+
+
+function main(): void {
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // AccessBinaryTrees.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    let a = new AccessBinaryTrees;
+    a.run();
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // ArrayLiteral.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    let a1: byte = 2;
+    let b1: short = 20000;
+    let c1: int = 2000000;
+    let d1: long = 200000000000;
+    let e1: float = 2.2f;
+    let f1: double = 2.2222222222;
+    let g1: double[] = [a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1];
+    arktest.assertEQ(g1[0], 2)
+    arktest.assertEQ(g1[1], 20000)
+    arktest.assertEQ(g1[2], 2000000)
+    arktest.assertEQ(g1[3], 200000000000)
+    arktest.assertEQ(g1[4], (Double.toFloat(2.2)))
+    arktest.assertEQ(g1[5], 2.2222222222)
+
+    const h1: byte = 2;
+    const i1: short = 2;
+    const j1: int = 2;
+    const k1: long = 2;
+    const l1: float = 2.0f;
+    const m1: double = 2.0;
+    const n1: byte[] = [h1, Short.toByte(i1), j1, Long.toByte(k1), Float.toByte(l1), Double.toByte(m1)];
+    arktest.assertEQ(n1[0], 2)
+    arktest.assertEQ(n1[1], 2)
+    arktest.assertEQ(n1[2], 2)
+    arktest.assertEQ(n1[3], 2)
+    arktest.assertEQ(n1[4], 2)
+    arktest.assertEQ(n1[5], 2)
+
+    let o1: Object[] = [1, 1.1, "testStr", new Int(2), d1, k1];
+    arktest.assertEQ(o1[0] as Int, 1)
+    arktest.assertEQ(o1[1] as Double, 1.1)
+    arktest.assertTrue((o1[2] as String).equals("testStr"))
+    arktest.assertEQ(o1[3] as Int, 2)
+    arktest.assertEQ(o1[4] as Long, 200000000000)
+    arktest.assertEQ(o1[5] as Long, 2)
+
+    let p1: long[] = [new Int(3), new Short(2 as short), new Long(4)];
+    arktest.assertEQ(p1[0], 3)
+    arktest.assertEQ(p1[1], 2)
+    arktest.assertEQ(p1[2], 4)
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // RestTuple6.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    let a12: [A2<Long>, B2<Error>] = [new A2<Long>, new B2<Error>]
+    arktest.assertTrue((new C2()).foo<Long, Error>(...a12) == false)
+    arktest.assertTrue((new C2()).moo<Long, Error>(12, ...a12) == false)
+    arktest.assertTrue((new C2()).foo<Long, Error>(...[new A2<Long>, new B2<Error>]) == false)
+    arktest.assertTrue((new C2()).moo<Long, Error>(12, ...[new A2<Long>, new B2<Error>]) == false)
+    arktest.assertTrue((new C2()).foo<Long, Error>(...[new A2<Long>, new B2<Error>] as [A2<Long>, B2<Error>]) == false)
+    arktest.assertTrue((new C2()).moo<Long, Error>(12, ...[new A2<Long>, new B2<Error>] as [A2<Long>, B2<Error>]) == false)
+    arktest.assertTrue((new C2()).foo<Long, Error>(new A2<Long>, new B2<Error>) == false)
+    arktest.assertTrue((new C2()).moo<Long, Error>(12, new A2<Long>, new B2<Error>) == false)
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // GenericBridges_02.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    ttt3(new D3<string>())
+    let c3: C3<Int, string> = new E3<Int>();
+    foo13(c3);
+    foo23(new E3<Long>());
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // OptionalChains.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    test15(new Link5(), null)
+    test25(new Link5(), null)
+    test35(new Link5(), null)
+    test45(new Link5(), null)
+    test55(new Link5(), null)
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // UnionAsAndInstanceof.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    test_nullsafety6();
+    test_unions6();
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // UncheckedCasts.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    test_substitution7();
+    test_substitution_memberexpr7();
+    test_constraint7();
+    test_basetype7();
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // partialTypeRuntime_2.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    test_18();
+    test_28();
+    test_38();
+    test_48();
+    test_58();
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_01.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo33("Test string"), "Case 1")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo33(new Int(7)), "Case 3")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo33(new C33()), "Case 2")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo33(null), "Case 4")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo33(undefined), "Case 5")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo33(new Number(3.0)), "Case 5")
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_02.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    foo31("Test string");
+    foo31(new Int(7));
+    foo31(new C31());
+    foo31(null);
+    foo31(undefined);
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_03.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo32("Test string"), "Case 1")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo32("Test"), "Case 1")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo32("Test string 2"), "Case 5")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo32("test"), "Case 5")
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo32(new Int(5)), "Case 3")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo32(new Int(0)), "Case 3")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo32(new Int(-5)), "Case 5")
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo32(new C32(7)), "Case 2")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo32(new C32()), "Case 2")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo32(new C32(17)), "Case 5")
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo32(null), "Case 4")
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo32(undefined), "Case 5")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo32(new Number(3.0)), "Case 5")
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_04.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(fooAnd34("Test", "string"), "Test string")
+    arktest.assertEQ(fooAnd34("Test", null), "Test")
+    arktest.assertEQ(fooAnd34(null, "string"), "string")
+    arktest.assertEQ(fooAnd34(null, null), "null")
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(fooOr134("Test", "string"), "case 1")
+    arktest.assertEQ(fooOr134("Test", null), "case 1")
+    arktest.assertEQ(fooOr134(null, "string"), "case 1")
+    arktest.assertEQ(fooOr134(null, null), "null")
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(fooOr234("Test", "string"), "Test string")
+    arktest.assertEQ(fooOr234("Test", null), "case 1")
+    arktest.assertEQ(fooOr234(null, "string"), "case 1")
+    arktest.assertEQ(fooOr234(null, null), "case 1")
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_05.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo135(null), "null")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo235(null), "null")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(null, true, true), "nulltruetrue")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(null, true, false), "nulltruefalse")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(null, false, true), "nullfalsetrue")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(null, false, false), "nullfalsefalse")
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo135(undefined), "null")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo235(undefined), "null")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(undefined, true, true), "nulltruetrue")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(undefined, true, false), "nulltruefalse")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(undefined, false, true), "nullfalsetrue")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(undefined, false, false), "nullfalsefalse")
+
+    let c = new C35();
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo135(c), "false1")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo235(c), "false")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(c, true, true), "false1truetrue")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(c, true, false), "false1truefalse")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(c, false, true), "false1falsetrue")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(c, false, false), "false2falsefalse")
+
+    c = new C35(true);
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo135(c), "true2")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo235(c), "true")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(c, true, true), "true1truetrue")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(c, true, false), "true1truefalse")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(c, false, true), "true1falsetrue")
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar35(c, false, false), "true2falsefalse")
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_06.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo36(0), "case 0")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo36(1), "case 1")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo36(2), "case 2")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo36(3), "case 3")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo36(4), "case 4")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo36(5), "case 5")
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo36(7), "default")
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_07.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    let x363: int | boolean | string  = 7;
+    arktest.assertEQ(x363, 7)
+    x363--;
+    arktest.assertEQ(x363, 6)
+    x363 = x363 == 7;
+    arktest.assertTrue(!x363)
+    x363 = !x363;
+    arktest.assertEQ(x363, true)
+    x363 = "x363 = " + x363.toString();
+    arktest.assertEQ(x363, "x363 = true")
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_08.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    let flag37: boolean = false;
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo37(flag37), 6)
+    try {
+        foo37(!flag37);
+    } catch(ex) {
+        flag37 = true;
+    }
+    arktest.assertTrue(flag37)
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_10.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(Cl39.resolve(undefined).print(), "value is undefined")
+    arktest.assertEQ(Cl39.resolve("test").print(), "string: 'test'")
+    arktest.assertEQ(Cl39.resolve(5.5).print(), "number = 5.5")
+    arktest.assertEQ(Cl39.resolve(new Int(8)).print(), "number = 8")
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(Cl39.resolve(new Cl39<null>(null)).print(), "value is null")
+    arktest.assertEQ(Cl39.resolve(new Cl39<string>("TEST")).print(), "string: 'TEST'")
+    arktest.assertEQ(Cl39.resolve(new Cl39<number>(7.7)).print(), "number = 7.7")
+    arktest.assertEQ(Cl39.resolve(new Cl39<Int>(new Int(-8))).print(), "number = -8")
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_11.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    arktest.assertTrue(foo41(true) instanceof C41)
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo41(false), undefined)
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo41(), undefined)
+
+    arktest.assertTrue(bar41(true) instanceof C41)
+    arktest.assertEQ(bar41(false), undefined)
+    arktest.assertTrue(bar41() instanceof C41)
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(baz41(true), 1)
+    arktest.assertEQ(baz41(false), 1)
+    arktest.assertEQ(baz41(), 0)
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_12.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    let resolve42: ((value: string) => void) | null = null;
+
+    let p42 = new Promise<string>((_resolve: (value: string)=> void): void => {
+        resolve42 = _resolve;
+    });
+
+    resolve42!("abc");                         // no smart cast!
+
+    let x42: Number|String|undefined = "test1";
+    let y42: Number|String|undefined = "test2"
+    let z42: Number|String|undefined = 7
+
+    let lam42: () => void = () => {
+        let y42: Number|String|undefined = 2;   // hides outer declaration!
+        x42 = z42;
+        let tmp: number = y42;                  // smart cast is used
+        arktest.assertEQ(tmp, 2);
+    };
+
+    if (x42 instanceof string) {
+        let tmp: string = x42 as string;         // no smart cast!
+        arktest.assertEQ(tmp, "test1");
+    }
+
+    lam42();
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(x42, 7);
+
+    if (y42 instanceof string) {
+        let tmp: string = y42;                   // smart cast is used
+        arktest.assertEQ(tmp, "test2");
+    }
+
+    let w42: number = z42;                       // smart cast is used
+    arktest.assertEQ(w42, 7)
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_13.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    arktest.assertTrue(foo43(5) instanceof C43)
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo43(3), undefined)
+    arktest.assertTrue(foo43(undefined) instanceof C43)
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_15.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    arktest.assertEQ(isEmpty45(), true)
+    arktest.assertEQ(isEmpty45(""), true)
+    arktest.assertEQ(isEmpty45("a"), false)
+    arktest.assertEQ(foo45(), true)
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // SmartCast_16.ets
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    let x45: NestedC45 = new C45<C45<Error>>(new C45<Error>(new Error()))
+    let ok45 = x45 instanceof C45 && x45.fld instanceof C45 && x45.fld.fld instanceof Error
+    let aaa = ok45 ? 0 : 1
+
+}
diff --git a/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/etsstdlib-max.txt b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/etsstdlib-max.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab8a25fbeba5dce556305e95ec236cb135547251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/etsstdlib-max.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+================ es2panda perf metrics (Averaged over 500 runs) ================
+
+:@phases                                        :  time=4770.18ms     mem=324.00MB    
+:@GenerateProgram                               :  time=2571.34ms     mem=0.00MB      
+:@GenerateProgram/OptimizeBytecode              :  time=1896.82ms     mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/CheckerPhase                           :  time=1781.74ms     mem=81.00MB     
+:@EmitProgram                                   :  time=485.84ms      mem=130.58MB    
+:@phases/Unbox                                  :  time=437.00ms      mem=38.00MB     
+:@phases/ConstantExpressionLowering             :  time=363.29ms      mem=0.28MB      
+:@phases/LambdaObjectConversion                 :  time=328.18ms      mem=22.00MB     
+:@phases/TopLevelStatements                     :  time=277.34ms      mem=83.00MB     
+:@phases/GradualTypeNarrowing                   :  time=198.37ms      mem=19.00MB     
+:@phases/ResolveIdentifiers                     :  time=123.95ms      mem=5.13MB      
+:@phases/OpAssignmentLowering                   :  time=116.33ms      mem=18.00MB     
+:@phases/InterfaceObjectLiteralLowering         :  time=76.22ms       mem=7.00MB      
+:@phases/ScopesInitPhase                        :  time=60.61ms       mem=13.00MB     
+:@phases/ObjectIndexLowering                    :  time=52.64ms       mem=1.90MB      
+:@phases/PartialExportClassGen                  :  time=50.08ms       mem=8.00MB      
+:@phases/CreateGenericBridges                   :  time=43.00ms       mem=3.00MB      
+:@phases/RestArgsLowering                       :  time=42.90ms       mem=4.00MB      
+:@phases/BoxingForLocals                        :  time=41.18ms       mem=1.88MB      
+:@phases/PrimitiveConversion                    :  time=39.01ms       mem=4.00MB      
+:@phases/ArrayLiteralLowering                   :  time=38.51ms       mem=4.00MB      
+:@phases/LateInitializationConvert              :  time=38.24ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/ObjectIteratorLowering                 :  time=30.96ms       mem=1.00MB      
+:@phases/UnionLowering                          :  time=25.90ms       mem=0.04MB      
+:@phases/ObjectLiteralLowering                  :  time=25.72ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/OptionalArgumentsLowering              :  time=25.23ms       mem=0.22MB      
+:@phases/StringConstructorLowering              :  time=25.14ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/TypeFromLowering                       :  time=24.09ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/ExpandBracketsPhase                    :  time=23.46ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/SetterLowering                         :  time=23.02ms       mem=0.27MB      
+:@phases/StringComparisonLowering               :  time=21.98ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/RecordLowering                         :  time=21.10ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/ExtentionAccessorPhase                 :  time=20.90ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/InterfacePropertyDeclarationsPhase     :  time=20.54ms       mem=1.00MB      
+:@phases/DynamicImport                          :  time=20.29ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/BigIntLowering                         :  time=19.61ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/EnumPostCheckLoweringPhase             :  time=19.03ms       mem=0.21MB      
+:@phases/ResizableArrayConvert                  :  time=18.56ms       mem=0.48MB      
+:@phases/EnumLoweringPhase                      :  time=18.53ms       mem=0.83MB      
+:@phases/RestTupleConstructionPhase             :  time=18.49ms       mem=0.23MB      
+:@phases/DefaultParametersLowering              :  time=18.43ms       mem=0.26MB      
+:@phases/OptionalLowering                       :  time=18.42ms       mem=0.49MB      
+:@phases/AsyncMethodLowering                    :  time=18.41ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/OverloadMappingLowering                :  time=18.02ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/SpreadConstructionPhase                :  time=17.69ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/DeclareOverloadLowering                :  time=17.58ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/PromiseVoidInferencePhase              :  time=17.22ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/AnnotationCopyPostLowering             :  time=16.95ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/AnnotationCopyLowering                 :  time=16.86ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/InsertOptionalParametersAnnotation     :  time=16.86ms       mem=0.48MB      
+:@phases/AmbientLowering                        :  time=16.77ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/CapturedVariables                      :  time=16.71ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/ExpressionLambdaConstruction           :  time=16.60ms       mem=0.03MB      
+:@phases/DefaultParametersInConstructorLowering :  time=16.21ms       mem=0.51MB      
+:@phases/SetJumpTargetPhase                     :  time=16.00ms       mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/DeclGenPhase                           :  time=0.02ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/plugins-after-parse                    :  time=0.01ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/plugins-after-lowering                 :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/plugins-after-bind                     :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/CFGBuilder                             :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/StringConstantsLowering                :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/plugins-after-check                    :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/ExportAnonymousConstPhase              :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
+:@phases/PackageImplicitImport                  :  time=0.00ms        mem=0.00MB      
diff --git a/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/arg_parser.py b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/arg_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..40cf4e5e8f1de82bcf3d3c86a5a612ad76564ef2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/arg_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# coding: utf-8
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+import argparse
+import os
+
+
+def parse_arguments() -> argparse.Namespace:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Cpp headers parser to .yaml")
+
+    parser.add_argument("--mode", "-m", type=str, required=True, help="Mode: 'static' or 'dynamic'")
+    parser.add_argument("--es2panda", "-e", type=str, required=True, help="Path to current es2panda")
+    parser.add_argument("--es2panda-pre-merge", "-c", type=str, required=False, help="Path to pre_merge es2panda")
+    parser.add_argument("--test-dir", "-t", type=str, required=True, help="Path to test directory with test files")
+    parser.add_argument("--work-dir", "-a", type=str, required=True, help="Path to the working temp folder")
+    parser.add_argument("--werror", "-w", action="store_true", help="Warnings as errors")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--dynamic-regression",
+        "-d",
+        type=float,
+        required=False,
+        default=0.05,
+        help="Acceptable regression compared to the pre_merge",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--static-regression",
+        "-s",
+        type=float,
+        required=False,
+        default=0.1,
+        help="Acceptable regression compared to static measurement",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--runs", "-n", type=int, required=False, default=25, help="Number of times to run the command")
+
+    return parser.parse_args()
+
+
+def check_arguments(args: argparse.Namespace) -> argparse.Namespace:
+    if args.mode not in ["static", "dynamic"]:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Invalid mode: {args.mode}\nSee --help for more.")
+    if not os.path.isfile(args.es2panda):
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Bad path to current es2panda: {args.es2panda}\nSee --help for more.")
+    if args.mode == "dynamic" and not os.path.isfile(args.es2panda_pre_merge):
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Bad path to pre_merge es2panda: {args.es2panda_pre_merge}\nSee --help for more.")
+    if not os.path.isdir(args.test_dir):
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Bad path to test_dir: {args.test_dir}\nSee --help for more.")
+    if args.dynamic_regression > 1 or args.dynamic_regression < -1:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"Static regression must be in value range [-1, 1], current: {args.dynamic_regression}\n"
+            "See --help for more."
+        )
+    if args.static_regression > 1 or args.static_regression < -1:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"Static regression must be in value range [-1, 1], current: {args.static_regression}\n"
+            "See --help for more."
+        )
+
+    return args
diff --git a/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/benchmark_comparator.py b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/benchmark_comparator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e521f82f5a5521746483a9c4715a1a8d6b6c6b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/benchmark_comparator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# coding: utf-8
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple, List, Callable
+
+from metrics_utils import parse_perf_file, format_diff, format_time_ms, format_mem_mb
+
+
+def _get_phase_comparison(phase: str, base: Optional[Dict], new: Optional[Dict]) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    if base and new:
+        label = phase
+        time_diff = new["time_ns"] - base["time_ns"]
+        mem_diff = new["mem_bytes"] - base["mem_bytes"]
+        time_str = format_diff(time_diff, base["time_ns"], format_time_ms)
+        mem_str = format_diff(mem_diff, base["mem_bytes"], format_mem_mb)
+    elif new:
+        label = f"{phase} [NEW]"
+        time_str = f"+{format_time_ms(new['time_ns'])}"
+        mem_str = f"+{format_mem_mb(new['mem_bytes'])}"
+    elif base:
+        label = f"{phase} [REMOVED]"
+        time_str = f"-{format_time_ms(base['time_ns'])}"
+        mem_str = f"-{format_mem_mb(base['mem_bytes'])}"
+    else:
+        return "", "", ""
+    return label, time_str, mem_str
+
+
+def _write_report(report_path: Path, base_name: str, new_name: str, results: List[Dict]) -> None:
+    if not results:
+        print("No common or unique phases to compare.")
+        return
+
+    max_phase_len = max(len(r["phase"]) for r in results)
+    header = f"Performance Comparison: '{base_name}' vs '{new_name}'\n" + "=" * 80
+
+    lines = [header]
+    for r in results:
+        phase_str = f":@{r['phase']}"
+        lines.append(f"{phase_str:<{max_phase_len + 3}}:  time={r['time_str']:<25} mem={r['mem_str']:<25}")
+
+    report_path.write_text("\n".join(lines), encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"\n✅ Comparison finished! Results saved to: {report_path}")
+
+
+def _print_and_log(level: str, msg: str, log_dir: Path) -> None:
+    if level == "Error":
+        print(f"\n❌ {msg}")
+        path = log_dir / "error_log.txt"
+    else:
+        print(f"\n⚠️ {msg}")
+        path = log_dir / "warning_log.txt"
+    with os.fdopen(os.open(path, os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_APPEND, mode=511), "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write(msg + "\n")
+
+
+def _check_regression(
+    metric_name: str,
+    base_data: Dict,
+    new_data: Dict,
+    regression: float,
+    perf_name: str,
+    log_dir: Path,
+    is_static: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    format_func: Callable[[float], str]
+    success = True
+    if metric_name == "Time":
+        key = "time_ns"
+        format_func = format_time_ms
+    elif metric_name == "Memory":
+        key = "mem_bytes"
+        format_func = format_mem_mb
+    else:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Unsupported metric: {metric_name}")
+
+    base_sum = sum(base_data.get(p, {}).get(key, 0) for p in ["phases", "EmitProgram"])
+    new_sum = sum(new_data.get(p, {}).get(key, 0) for p in ["phases", "EmitProgram"])
+
+    upper_threshold = base_sum * (1 + regression)
+    if new_sum > upper_threshold:
+        msg = (
+            f"[PERF REGRESSION] Failed for {perf_name}: {metric_name} exceeded upper threshold.\n"
+            f"\tLimit: {regression:.1%}, Actual: +{((new_sum / base_sum) - 1) * 100:.2f}%\n"
+            f"\tBase: {format_func(base_sum)}, New: {format_func(new_sum)}\n"
+            f"\tThreshold: < {format_func(upper_threshold)}\n"
+        )
+        _print_and_log("Error", msg, log_dir)
+        success = False
+
+    lower_threshold = base_sum * (1 - regression * 3)
+    if is_static and new_sum < lower_threshold:
+        msg = (
+            f"[UPDATE REQUIRED] Very good perf for {perf_name}: {metric_name} exceeded lower threshold.\n"
+            f"\tLimit: -{regression * 3:.1%}, Actual: {((new_sum / base_sum) - 1) * 100:.2f}%\n"
+            f"\tBase: {format_func(base_sum)}, New: {format_func(new_sum)}\n"
+            f"\tThreshold: > {format_func(lower_threshold)}\n\n"
+            "Please update *-max.txt.\n"
+        )
+        _print_and_log("Warning", msg, log_dir)
+        success = False
+
+    if success:
+        print(f"\n✅ {metric_name} regression check for {perf_name} finished!")
+
+
+def compare_perf_files(
+    new_perf_path: Path, base_perf_path: Path, report_path: Path, regression: float, log_dir: Path
+) -> None:
+    base_data = parse_perf_file(base_perf_path)
+    new_data = parse_perf_file(new_perf_path)
+
+    if not new_data:
+        raise RuntimeError("New perf data is empty")
+    if not base_data:
+        raise RuntimeError("Base perf data is empty")
+
+    is_static = base_perf_path.name.find("-max.txt") != -1
+    _check_regression("Time", base_data, new_data, regression, new_perf_path.name, log_dir, is_static)
+    _check_regression("Memory", base_data, new_data, regression, new_perf_path.name, log_dir, is_static)
+    results = []
+    all_phases = sorted(list(set(base_data.keys()) | set(new_data.keys())))
+
+    for phase in all_phases:
+        label, time_str, mem_str = _get_phase_comparison(phase, base_data.get(phase), new_data.get(phase))
+        if label:
+            results.append({"phase": label, "time_str": time_str, "mem_str": mem_str})
+
+    _write_report(report_path, base_perf_path.name, new_perf_path.name, results)
diff --git a/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/benchmark_runner.py b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/benchmark_runner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5d632a0992f2bc4d65711b8e41bd2bd34e2726c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/benchmark_runner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# coding: utf-8
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+import subprocess
+import re
+from collections import defaultdict
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import List, Dict, Union, DefaultDict
+
+from metrics_utils import parse_metric_value, format_time_ms, format_mem_mb
+
+
+def run_and_parse(command: List) -> Dict:
+    print(f"Executing: {' '.join(command)}")
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True, encoding="utf-8")
+    except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.CalledProcessError) as e:
+        print(f"Error executing command: {e}")
+        if isinstance(e, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+            print(f"Stderr:\n{e.stderr}")
+        return {}
+
+    line_regex = re.compile(r":@(?P<phase>[\w\/-]+)\s*:\s*time=(?P<time>[\d\.\w]+)\s*mem=(?P<mem>[\d\.\w]+)")
+    metrics = {}
+    for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
+        match = line_regex.search(line)
+        if match:
+            data = match.groupdict()
+            metrics[data["phase"]] = {
+                "time_ns": parse_metric_value(data["time"]),
+                "mem_bytes": parse_metric_value(data["mem"]),
+            }
+    return metrics
+
+
+def collect_perf_for_file(command: List, iterations: int) -> DefaultDict[str, Dict]:
+    aggregated_results: DefaultDict[str, Dict] = defaultdict(lambda: {"time": 0, "mem": 0, "count": 0})
+    for i in range(iterations):
+        print(f"--- Running iteration {i + 1}/{iterations} ---")
+        metrics = run_and_parse(command)
+        if not metrics:
+            print("Failed to get metrics for this run. Skipping.")
+            continue
+        for phase, values in metrics.items():
+            aggregated_results[phase]["time"] += values["time_ns"]
+            aggregated_results[phase]["mem"] += values["mem_bytes"]
+            aggregated_results[phase]["count"] += 1
+    return aggregated_results
+
+
+def average_results(aggregated_results: DefaultDict[str, Dict]) -> List[Dict]:
+    averaged_metrics: List[Dict[str, Union[str, float]]] = []
+    for phase, data in aggregated_results.items():
+        if data["count"] > 0:
+            avg_time = float(data["time"]) / int(data["count"])
+            avg_mem = float(data["mem"]) / int(data["count"])
+            averaged_metrics.append({"phase": phase, "avg_time_ns": avg_time, "avg_mem_bytes": avg_mem})
+
+    averaged_metrics.sort(key=lambda x: x["avg_time_ns"], reverse=True)
+    return averaged_metrics
+
+
+def save_averaged_results(averaged_metrics: List, output_path: Path, runs: int) -> None:
+    if not averaged_metrics:
+        print("No metrics to save.")
+        return
+
+    max_phase_len = max(len(str(m["phase"])) for m in averaged_metrics)
+    header = f"================ es2panda perf metrics (Averaged over {runs} runs) ================\n"
+
+    lines = [header]
+    for metric in averaged_metrics:
+        phase_str = f":@{metric['phase']}"
+        time_str = format_time_ms(float(metric["avg_time_ns"]))
+        mem_str = format_mem_mb(float(metric["avg_mem_bytes"]))
+        lines.append(f"{phase_str:<{max_phase_len + 3}}:  time={time_str:<12}  mem={mem_str:<12}")
+
+    output_path.write_text("\n".join(lines), encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"\n✅ Averaged results saved to: {output_path}")
+
+
+def run_benchmark_for_file(command: List, iterations: int, perf_path: Path) -> None:
+    aggregated = collect_perf_for_file(command, iterations)
+    if not aggregated:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"No data aggregated for {perf_path}")
+
+    averaged = average_results(aggregated)
+    save_averaged_results(averaged, perf_path, iterations)
diff --git a/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/metrics_utils.py b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/metrics_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b537699835e2007d5c6e8c124af161278453d7fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/metrics_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# coding: utf-8
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+import re
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import List, Dict, Callable
+
+
+TIME_UNITS_NS = {"s": 1e9, "ms": 1e6, "us": 1e3, "ns": 1}
+MEM_UNITS_BYTES = {"MB": 1024**2, "KB": 1024, "B": 1}
+ALL_UNITS = {**TIME_UNITS_NS, **MEM_UNITS_BYTES}
+
+
+def parse_metric_value(value_str: str) -> float:
+    match = re.match(r"(-?[\d\.]+)([a-zA-Z]+)", value_str)
+    if not match:
+        return 0
+    value, unit = match.groups()
+    return float(value) * ALL_UNITS.get(unit, 0)
+
+
+def format_time_ms(ns: float) -> str:
+    return f"{ns / 1e6:.2f}ms"
+
+
+def format_mem_mb(bytes_val: float) -> str:
+    return f"{bytes_val / (1024**2):.2f}MB"
+
+
+def format_diff(diff: float, base: float, formatter_func: Callable[[float], str]) -> str:
+    if base == 0 and diff == 0:
+        return f"{formatter_func(0)} (0.0%)"
+
+    sign = "+" if diff >= 0 else "-"
+    formatted_abs_diff = formatter_func(abs(diff))
+
+    if base != 0:
+        percentage = (diff / base) * 100
+        return f"{sign}{formatted_abs_diff} ({sign}{abs(percentage):.1f}%)"
+
+    return f"{sign}{formatted_abs_diff} (+inf%)"
+
+
+def find_ets_files(folder_path: Path) -> List[Path]:
+    return list(folder_path.glob("*.ets"))
+
+
+def get_max_path(file_path: Path) -> Path:
+    return file_path.with_name(f"{file_path.stem}-max.txt")
+
+
+def parse_perf_file(filepath: Path) -> Dict:
+    if not filepath.is_file():
+        print(f"Warning: Base performance file not found at {filepath}")
+        return {}
+
+    data: Dict[str, Dict] = {}
+    line_regex = re.compile(r":@(?P<phase>[\w\/-]+)\s*:\s*time=(?P<time_str>[\d\.\w]+)\s*mem=(?P<mem_str>[\d\.\w]+)")
+    for line in filepath.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines():
+        match = line_regex.search(line)
+        if match:
+            parts = match.groupdict()
+            phase_name = parts["phase"]
+            data[phase_name] = {
+                "time_ns": parse_metric_value(parts["time_str"]),
+                "mem_bytes": parse_metric_value(parts["mem_str"]),
+            }
+    return data
diff --git a/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/runner.py b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/runner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b790a641b59a105810816595a16d186e82aeae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/benchmarks/runner/runner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# coding: utf-8
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+import argparse
+from arg_parser import parse_arguments, check_arguments
+import benchmark_runner
+import benchmark_comparator
+from metrics_utils import find_ets_files, get_max_path
+
+
+def run_tests_benchmarks(args: argparse.Namespace, work_dir: Path) -> None:
+    test_dir = Path(args.test_dir)
+    regression_limit = args.static_regression if args.mode == "static" else args.dynamic_regression
+
+    for test_file in find_ets_files(test_dir):
+        print(f"\n{'='*20} Processing: {test_file.name} {'='*20}")
+
+        new_perf_path = work_dir / f"{test_file.stem}-current-perf.txt"
+        output = work_dir / f"{test_file.stem}-current.abc"
+        es2panda_args = ["--dump-perf-metrics", "--extension=ets", f"--output={output}", f"{test_file}"]
+
+        benchmark_runner.run_benchmark_for_file([f"{args.es2panda}"] + es2panda_args, args.runs, new_perf_path)
+
+        if args.mode == "static":
+            base_perf_path = get_max_path(test_file)
+        else:
+            base_perf_path = work_dir / f"{test_file.stem}-pre_merge-perf.txt"
+            output = work_dir / f"{test_file.stem}-pre_merge.abc"
+            command = [f"{args.es2panda_pre_merge}"] + es2panda_args
+            benchmark_runner.run_benchmark_for_file(command, args.runs, base_perf_path)
+
+        report_path = work_dir / f"{test_file.stem}-report.txt"
+        benchmark_comparator.compare_perf_files(new_perf_path, base_perf_path, report_path, regression_limit, work_dir)
+
+
+def run_stdlib_benchmark(args: argparse.Namespace, work_dir: Path) -> None:
+    regression_limit = args.static_regression if args.mode == "static" else args.dynamic_regression
+
+    new_perf_path = work_dir / "etsstdlib-current-perf.txt"
+    output = work_dir / "etsstdlib-current.abc"
+    es2panda_args = ["--dump-perf-metrics", "--extension=ets", "--gen-stdlib=true", f"--output={output}", "etsstdlib"]
+
+    benchmark_runner.run_benchmark_for_file([f"{args.es2panda}"] + es2panda_args, args.runs, new_perf_path)
+
+    if args.mode == "static":
+        base_perf_path = Path(args.test_dir) / "etsstdlib-max.txt"
+    else:
+        base_perf_path = work_dir / "etsstdlib-pre_merge-perf.txt"
+        output = work_dir / "etsstdlib-pre_merge.abc"
+        command = [f"{args.es2panda_pre_merge}"] + es2panda_args
+        benchmark_runner.run_benchmark_for_file(command, args.runs, base_perf_path)
+
+    report_path = work_dir / "etsstdlib-report.txt"
+    benchmark_comparator.compare_perf_files(new_perf_path, base_perf_path, report_path, regression_limit, work_dir)
+
+
+def report_log_file(level: str, path: Path) -> None:
+    print(
+        f"\n{'=' * 20} [{level.upper()}S DETECTED] {'=' * 20}\n"
+        f"{level} log found at: {path}\n\n"
+        f"{path.read_text()}\n"
+        f"{'=' * 70}\n"
+        "Hint: Download the CI artifacts to see the performance report.\n"
+        "For static (pre-merge) benchmarks check the *-current-perf.txt files with "
+        "current run's results and compare them against the maximum values in <ets2panda>/test/benchmarks/*-max.txt."
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    arguments = check_arguments(parse_arguments())
+
+    artifacts_dir = Path(arguments.work_dir)
+    artifacts_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    error_log_path = artifacts_dir / "error_log.txt"
+    warning_log_path = artifacts_dir / "warning_log.txt"
+    error_log_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+    warning_log_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+
+    run_stdlib_benchmark(arguments, artifacts_dir)
+    run_tests_benchmarks(arguments, artifacts_dir)
+
+    PASSED = True
+    if warning_log_path.is_file():
+        report_log_file("Warning", warning_log_path)
+        if arguments.werror:
+            PASSED = False
+
+    if error_log_path.is_file():
+        report_log_file("Error", error_log_path)
+        PASSED = False
+
+    if not PASSED:
+        print("\n❌ Benchmarks failed.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    print("\n✅ All benchmarks completed successfully without performance regressions.")
diff --git a/ets2panda/test/runtime/ets/too_many_async.ets b/ets2panda/test/runtime/ets/too_many_async.ets
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..066837c21e997b9c7355b2f7d3ca03ce4f58766b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/runtime/ets/too_many_async.ets
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+/*---
+    tags: [compile-only, negative]
+---*/
+
+// This test cannot moved to astchecker, because this will lead python JSON parse error: 
+// Failed with maximum recursion depth exceeded while decoding a JSON object from a unicode string
+
+async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(async(a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diff --git a/ets2panda/test/runtime/ets/too_many_await.ets b/ets2panda/test/runtime/ets/too_many_await.ets
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94fe79227451711cf20bcd711333d768aef21441
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/runtime/ets/too_many_await.ets
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* 
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Huawei Device Co., Ltd. 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at 
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
+ * limitations under the License. 
+ */
+/*---
+    tags: [compile-only, negative]
+---*/
+
+// This test cannot moved to astchecker, because this will lead python JSON parse error: 
+// Failed with maximum recursion depth exceeded while decoding a JSON object from a unicode string
+
+await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await 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await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await await 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diff --git a/ets2panda/test/runtime/ets/too_many_left_brace.ets b/ets2panda/test/runtime/ets/too_many_left_brace.ets
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aab155383ecad39002ebdd5ff0495016be019d1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/runtime/ets/too_many_left_brace.ets
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* 
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Huawei Device Co., Ltd. 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at 
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
+ * limitations under the License. 
+ */ 
+/*---
+    tags: [compile-only, negative]
+---*/
+
+// This test cannot moved to astchecker, because this will lead python JSON parse error: 
+// Failed with maximum recursion depth exceeded while decoding a JSON object from a unicode string
+
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diff --git a/ets2panda/test/runtime/ets/too_many_left_square_brackets.ets b/ets2panda/test/runtime/ets/too_many_left_square_brackets.ets
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07d66a05d57ac071e446835400ee9b3dd356b07b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ets2panda/test/runtime/ets/too_many_left_square_brackets.ets
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* 
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Huawei Device Co., Ltd. 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at 
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
+ * limitations under the License. 
+ */ 
+/*---
+    tags: [compile-only, negative]
+---*/
+
+// This test cannot moved to astchecker, because this will lead python JSON parse error: 
+// Failed with maximum recursion depth exceeded while decoding a JSON object from a unicode string
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