From 6e129d6392667d5f1f8fc7faa1d69e8250b7821c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhaowenli
+pcre2_set_max_pattern_length
Set the maximum length of pattern
+
pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind
+ Set the maximum match length for a variable-length lookbehind
diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_compile.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_compile.html
index f6485f2..4a39863 100644
--- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_compile.html
+++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_compile.html
@@ -32,24 +32,26 @@ arguments are:
pcre2_set_newline
Set the newline convention
pattern A string containing expression to be compiled
length The length of the string or PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED
- options Option bits
+ options Primary option bits
errorcode Where to put an error code
erroffset Where to put an error offset
ccontext Pointer to a compile context or NULL
The length of the pattern and any error offset that is returned are in code
-units, not characters. A compile context is needed only if you want to provide
-custom memory allocation functions, or to provide an external function for
-system stack size checking, or to change one or more of these parameters:
+units, not characters. A NULL pattern with zero length is treated as an empty
+string. A compile context is needed only if you want to provide custom memory
+allocation functions, or to provide an external function for system stack size
+checking (see pcre2_set_compile_recursion_guard()), or to change one or
+more of these parameters:
What \R matches (Unicode newlines, or CR, LF, CRLF only);
PCRE2's character tables;
The newline character sequence;
The compile time nested parentheses limit;
- The maximum pattern length (in code units) that is allowed.
- The additional options bits (see pcre2_set_compile_extra_options())
+ The maximum pattern length (in code units) that is allowed;
+ The additional options bits.
-The option bits are:
+The primary option bits are:
PCRE2_ANCHORED Force pattern anchoring
PCRE2_ALLOW_EMPTY_CLASS Allow empty classes
@@ -92,8 +94,18 @@ Additional options may be set in the compile context via the
function.
-The yield of this function is a pointer to a private data structure that -contains the compiled pattern, or NULL if an error was detected. +If either of errorcode or erroroffset is NULL, the function returns +NULL immediately. Otherwise, the yield of this function is a pointer to a +private data structure that contains the compiled pattern, or NULL if an error +was detected. In the error case, a text error message can be obtained by +passing the value returned via the errorcode argument to the the +pcre2_get_error_message() function. The offset (in code units) where the +error was encountered is returned via the erroroffset argument. +
++If there is no error, the value passed via errorcode returns the message +"no error" if passed to pcre2_get_error_message(), and the value passed +via erroroffset is zero.
There is a complete description of the PCRE2 native API, with more detail on diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_general_context_create.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_general_context_create.html index bc31ee8..a1a165d 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_general_context_create.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_general_context_create.html @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
pcre2_general_context *pcre2_general_context_create( - void *(*private_malloc)(PCRE2_SIZE, void *), + void *(*private_malloc)(size_t, void *), void (*private_free)(void *, void *), void *memory_data);
+Return to the PCRE2 index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE2 HTML documentation. It was generated
+automatically from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it,
+please consult the man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre2.h> +
++PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size( + pcre2_match_data *match_data); +
++This function returns the size, in bytes, of the heapframes data block that is +owned by its argument. +
++There is a complete description of the PCRE2 native API in the +pcre2api +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcre2posix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE2 index page. +
diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_jit_match.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_jit_match.html index 8629e4a..56144ff 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_jit_match.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_jit_match.html @@ -32,7 +32,17 @@ This function matches a compiled regular expression that has been successfully processed by the JIT compiler against a given subject string, using a matching algorithm that is similar to Perl's. It is a "fast path" interface to JIT, and it bypasses some of the sanity checks that pcre2_match() applies. -Its arguments are exactly the same as for + ++In UTF mode, the subject string is not checked for UTF validity. Unless +PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF was set when the pattern was compiled, passing an +invalid UTF string results in undefined behaviour. Your program may crash or +loop or give wrong results. In the absence of PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF you +should only call pcre2_jit_match() in UTF mode if you are sure the +subject is valid. +
++The arguments for pcre2_jit_match() are exactly the same as for pcre2_match(), except that the subject string must be specified with a length; PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED is not supported. @@ -40,7 +50,7 @@ PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED is not supported.
The supported options are PCRE2_NOTBOL, PCRE2_NOTEOL, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD, and PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT. Unsupported -options are ignored. The subject string is not checked for UTF validity. +options are ignored.
The return values are the same as for pcre2_match() plus diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_jit_stack_create.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_jit_stack_create.html index 548947c..b9dc59d 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_jit_stack_create.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_jit_stack_create.html @@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ SYNOPSIS #include <pcre2.h>
-pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(PCRE2_SIZE startsize, - PCRE2_SIZE maxsize, pcre2_general_context *gcontext); +pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(size_t startsize, + size_t maxsize, pcre2_general_context *gcontext);
diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_match_data_free.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_match_data_free.html index 6ba6162..1c2520b 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_match_data_free.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_match_data_free.html @@ -28,12 +28,14 @@ DESCRIPTION If match_data is NULL, this function does nothing. Otherwise, match_data must point to a match data block, which this function frees, using the memory freeing function from the general context or compiled pattern -with which it was created, or free() if that was not set. +with which it was created, or free() if that was not set. If the match +data block was previously passed to pcre2_match(), it will have an +attached heapframe vector; this is also freed.
If the PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT was used for a successful match using this -match data block, the copy of the subject that was remembered with the block is -also freed. +match data block, the copy of the subject that was referenced within the block +is also freed.
There is a complete description of the PCRE2 native API in the diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_serialize_decode.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_serialize_decode.html index cff6e6c..618ffa9 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_serialize_decode.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_serialize_decode.html @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ the following negative error codes: PCRE2_ERROR_BADDATA number_of_codes is zero or less PCRE2_ERROR_BADMAGIC mismatch of id bytes in bytes PCRE2_ERROR_BADMODE mismatch of variable unit size or PCRE version - PCRE2_ERROR_MEMORY memory allocation failed + PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY memory allocation failed PCRE2_ERROR_NULL codes or bytes is NULL PCRE2_ERROR_BADMAGIC may mean that the data is corrupt, or that it was compiled diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_set_compile_extra_options.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_set_compile_extra_options.html index 2f2bf61..4924ed7 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_set_compile_extra_options.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_set_compile_extra_options.html @@ -33,7 +33,13 @@ options are: PCRE2_EXTRA_ALLOW_LOOKAROUND_BSK Allow \K in lookarounds PCRE2_EXTRA_ALLOW_SURROGATE_ESCAPES Allow \x{d800} to \x{dfff} in UTF-8 and UTF-32 modes PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX Extended alternate \u, \U, and \x handling + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSD \d remains ASCII in UCP mode + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSS \s remains ASCII in UCP mode + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSW \w remains ASCII in UCP mode + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT [:digit:] and [:xdigit:] POSIX classes remain ASCII in UCP mode + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX POSIX classes remain ASCII in UCP mode PCRE2_EXTRA_BAD_ESCAPE_IS_LITERAL Treat all invalid escapes as a literal following character + PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT Disable mixed ASCII/non-ASCII case folding PCRE2_EXTRA_ESCAPED_CR_IS_LF Interpret \r as \n PCRE2_EXTRA_MATCH_LINE Pattern matches whole lines PCRE2_EXTRA_MATCH_WORD Pattern matches "words" diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c03def --- /dev/null +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind.html @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + +
++Return to the PCRE2 index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE2 HTML documentation. It was generated
+automatically from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it,
+please consult the man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre2.h> +
++int pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind(pcre2_compile_context *ccontext, + uint32_t value); +
++This sets a maximum length for the number of characters matched by a +variable-length lookbehind assertion. The default is set when PCRE2 is built, +with the ultimate default being 255, the same as Perl. Lookbehind assertions +without a bounding length are not supported. The result is always zero. +
++There is a complete description of the PCRE2 native API in the +pcre2api +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcre2posix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE2 index page. +
diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_set_recursion_memory_management.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_set_recursion_memory_management.html index 1e057b9..37af73c 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_set_recursion_memory_management.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2_set_recursion_memory_management.html @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ SYNOPSISint pcre2_set_recursion_memory_management( pcre2_match_context *mcontext, - void *(*private_malloc)(PCRE2_SIZE, void *), + void *(*private_malloc)(size_t, void *), void (*private_free)(void *, void *), void *memory_data);
#include <pcre2.h>
@@ -103,6 +104,13 @@ document for an overview of all the PCRE2 documentation.
PCRE2_SPTR pcre2_get_mark(pcre2_match_data *match_data);
+PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_size(pcre2_match_data *match_data);
+
+
+PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size(
+ pcre2_match_data *match_data);
+
+
uint32_t pcre2_get_ovector_count(pcre2_match_data *match_data);
@@ -153,6 +161,10 @@ document for an overview of all the PCRE2 documentation.
PCRE2_SIZE value);
+int pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind(pcre2_compile_contest *ccontext,
+" uint32_t value);
+
+
int pcre2_set_newline(pcre2_compile_context *ccontext,
uint32_t value);
@@ -270,8 +282,8 @@ document for an overview of all the PCRE2 documentation.
void pcre2_jit_free_unused_memory(pcre2_general_context *gcontext);
-pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(PCRE2_SIZE startsize,
- PCRE2_SIZE maxsize, pcre2_general_context *gcontext);
+pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(size_t startsize,
+ size_t maxsize, pcre2_general_context *gcontext);
void pcre2_jit_stack_assign(pcre2_match_context *mcontext,
@@ -335,7 +347,7 @@ document for an overview of all the PCRE2 documentation.
int pcre2_set_recursion_memory_management(
pcre2_match_context *mcontext,
- void *(*private_malloc)(PCRE2_SIZE, void *),
+ void *(*private_malloc)(size_t, void *),
void (*private_free)(void *, void *), void *memory_data);
@@ -388,11 +400,8 @@ This contains the function prototypes and other definitions for all three
libraries. One, two, or all three can be installed simultaneously. On Unix-like
systems the libraries are called libpcre2-8, libpcre2-16, and
libpcre2-32, and they can also co-exist with the original PCRE libraries.
-
-Character strings are passed to and from a PCRE2 library as a sequence of -unsigned integers in code units of the appropriate width. Every PCRE2 function -comes in three different forms, one for each library, for example: +Every PCRE2 function comes in three different forms, one for each library, for +example:
pcre2_compile_8() pcre2_compile_16() @@ -409,6 +418,12 @@ constant pointers to the equivalent UCHAR types, that is, they are pointers to vectors of unsigned code units.The output is a uint32_t integer that is set to one if support for just-in-time -compiling is available; otherwise it is set to zero. +compiling is included in the library; otherwise it is set to zero. Note that +having the support in the library does not guarantee that JIT will be used for +any given match. See the +pcre2jit +documentation for more details.+Character strings are passed to a PCRE2 library as sequences of unsigned +integers in code units of the appropriate width. The length of a string may +be given as a number of code units, or the string may be specified as +zero-terminated. +
+Many applications use only one code unit width. For their convenience, macros are defined whose names are the generic forms such as pcre2_compile() and PCRE2_SPTR. These macros use the value of the macro PCRE2_CODE_UNIT_WIDTH to @@ -559,7 +574,8 @@ unsigned integer type, currently always defined as size_t. The largest value that can be stored in such a type (that is ~(PCRE2_SIZE)0) is reserved as a special indicator for zero-terminated strings and unset offsets. Therefore, the longest string that can be handled is one less than this -maximum. +maximum. Note that string lengths are always given in code units. Only in the +8-bit library is such a length the same as the number of bytes in the string.
NEWLINES
@@ -858,6 +874,16 @@ external sources can limit their size. The default is the largest number that a PCRE2_SIZE variable can hold, which is effectively unlimited.
+int pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind(pcre2_compile_contest *ccontext, +" uint32_t value); +
+
+This sets a maximum length for the number of characters matched by a +variable-length lookbehind assertion. The default is set when PCRE2 is built, +with the ultimate default being 255, the same as Perl. Lookbehind assertions +without a bounding length are not supported. +
+
int pcre2_set_newline(pcre2_compile_context *ccontext, uint32_t value);
@@ -1017,7 +1043,7 @@ has its own memory control arrangements (see the documentation for more details). If the limit is reached, the negative error code PCRE2_ERROR_HEAPLIMIT is returned. The default limit can be set when PCRE2 is built; if it is not, the default is set very large and is essentially -"unlimited". +unlimited.A value for the heap limit may also be supplied by an item at the start of a @@ -1030,19 +1056,17 @@ less than the limit set by the caller of pcre2_match() or, if no such limit is set, less than the default.
-The pcre2_match() function starts out using a 20KiB vector on the system -stack for recording backtracking points. The more nested backtracking points -there are (that is, the deeper the search tree), the more memory is needed. -Heap memory is used only if the initial vector is too small. If the heap limit -is set to a value less than 21 (in particular, zero) no heap memory will be -used. In this case, only patterns that do not have a lot of nested backtracking -can be successfully processed. +The pcre2_match() function always needs some heap memory, so setting a +value of zero guarantees a "heap limit exceeded" error. Details of how +pcre2_match() uses the heap are given in the +pcre2perform +documentation.
-Similarly, for pcre2_dfa_match(), a vector on the system stack is used -when processing pattern recursions, lookarounds, or atomic groups, and only if -this is not big enough is heap memory used. In this case, too, setting a value -of zero disables the use of the heap. +For pcre2_dfa_match(), a vector on the system stack is used when +processing pattern recursions, lookarounds, or atomic groups, and only if this +is not big enough is heap memory used. In this case, setting a value of zero +disables the use of the heap.
int pcre2_set_match_limit(pcre2_match_context *mcontext, @@ -1089,10 +1113,10 @@ less than the limit set by the caller of pcre2_match() or
This parameter limits the depth of nested backtracking in pcre2_match(). -Each time a nested backtracking point is passed, a new memory "frame" is used +Each time a nested backtracking point is passed, a new memory frame is used to remember the state of matching at that point. Thus, this parameter indirectly limits the amount of memory that is used in a match. However, -because the size of each memory "frame" depends on the number of capturing +because the size of each memory frame depends on the number of capturing parentheses, the actual memory limit varies from pattern to pattern. This limit was more useful in versions before 10.30, where function recursion was used for backtracking. @@ -1187,7 +1211,11 @@ for the amount of heap memory used by pcre2_match() or PCRE2_CONFIG_JIT
PCRE2_CONFIG_JITTARGET@@ -1304,10 +1332,12 @@ zero.
The pcre2_compile() function compiles a pattern into an internal form. -The pattern is defined by a pointer to a string of code units and a length (in -code units). If the pattern is zero-terminated, the length can be specified as -PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED. The function returns a pointer to a block of memory that -contains the compiled pattern and related data, or NULL if an error occurred. +The pattern is defined by a pointer to a string of code units and a length in +code units. If the pattern is zero-terminated, the length can be specified as +PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED. A NULL pattern pointer with a length of zero is treated +as an empty string (NULL with a non-zero length causes an error return). The +function returns a pointer to a block of memory that contains the compiled +pattern and related data, or NULL if an error occurred.
If the compile context argument ccontext is NULL, memory for the compiled @@ -1383,8 +1413,7 @@ If errorcode or erroroffset is NULL, pcre2_compile() return NULL immediately. Otherwise, the variables to which these point are set to an error code and an offset (number of code units) within the pattern, respectively, when pcre2_compile() returns NULL because a compilation -error has occurred. The values are not defined when compilation is successful -and pcre2_compile() returns a non-NULL value. +error has occurred.
There are nearly 100 positive error codes that pcre2_compile() may return @@ -1399,15 +1428,18 @@ because the textual error messages that are obtained by calling the message" below) should be self-explanatory. Macro names starting with PCRE2_ERROR_ are defined -for both positive and negative error codes in pcre2.h. +for both positive and negative error codes in pcre2.h. When compilation +is successful errorcode is set to a value that returns the message "no +error" if passed to pcre2_get_error_message().
The value returned in erroroffset is an indication of where in the -pattern the error occurred. It is not necessarily the furthest point in the -pattern that was read. For example, after the error "lookbehind assertion is -not fixed length", the error offset points to the start of the failing -assertion. For an invalid UTF-8 or UTF-16 string, the offset is that of the -first code unit of the failing character. +pattern an error occurred. When there is no error, zero is returned. A non-zero +value is not necessarily the furthest point in the pattern that was read. For +example, after the error "lookbehind assertion is not fixed length", the error +offset points to the start of the failing assertion. For an invalid UTF-8 or +UTF-16 string, the offset is that of the first code unit of the failing +character.
Some errors are not detected until the whole pattern has been scanned; in these @@ -1524,11 +1556,14 @@ PCRE2_UCP is set, Unicode properties are used for all characters with more than one other case, and for all characters whose code points are greater than U+007F. Note that there are two ASCII characters, K and S, that, in addition to their lower case ASCII equivalents, are case-equivalent with U+212A (Kelvin -sign) and U+017F (long S) respectively. For lower valued characters with only -one other case, a lookup table is used for speed. When neither PCRE2_UTF nor -PCRE2_UCP is set, a lookup table is used for all code points less than 256, and -higher code points (available only in 16-bit or 32-bit mode) are treated as not -having another case. +sign) and U+017F (long S) respectively. If you do not want this case +equivalence, you can suppress it by setting PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT. +
++For lower valued characters with only one other case, a lookup table is used +for speed. When neither PCRE2_UTF nor PCRE2_UCP is set, a lookup table is used +for all code points less than 256, and higher code points (available only in +16-bit or 32-bit mode) are treated as not having another case.
PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY@@ -1586,13 +1621,13 @@ the end of the subject. PCRE2_EXTENDED If this bit is set, most white space characters in the pattern are totally -ignored except when escaped or inside a character class. However, white space -is not allowed within sequences such as (?> that introduce various -parenthesized groups, nor within numerical quantifiers such as {1,3}. Ignorable -white space is permitted between an item and a following quantifier and between -a quantifier and a following + that indicates possessiveness. PCRE2_EXTENDED is -equivalent to Perl's /x option, and it can be changed within a pattern by a -(?x) option setting. +ignored except when escaped, inside a character class, or inside a \Q...\E +sequence. However, white space is not allowed within sequences such as (?> that +introduce various parenthesized groups, nor within numerical quantifiers such +as {1,3}. Ignorable white space is permitted between an item and a following +quantifier and between a quantifier and a following + that indicates +possessiveness. PCRE2_EXTENDED is equivalent to Perl's /x option, and it can be +changed within a pattern by a (?x) option setting.
When PCRE2 is compiled without Unicode support, PCRE2_EXTENDED recognizes as @@ -1670,7 +1705,11 @@ PCRE2_EXTRA_MATCH_WORD are also supported. Any other options cause an error. This option forces PCRE2_UTF (see below) and also enables support for matching by pcre2_match() in subject strings that contain invalid UTF sequences. -This facility is not supported for DFA matching. For details, see the +Note, however, that the 16-bit and 32-bit PCRE2 libraries process strings as +sequences of uint16_t or uint32_t code points. They cannot find valid UTF +sequences within an arbitrary string of bytes unless such sequences are +suitably aligned. This facility is not supported for DFA matching. For details, +see the pcre2unicode documentation.
@@ -1864,20 +1903,22 @@ are not representable in UTF-16. This option has two effects. Firstly, it change the way PCRE2 processes \B, \b, \D, \d, \S, \s, \W, \w, and some of the POSIX character classes. By default, only ASCII characters are recognized, but if PCRE2_UCP is set, Unicode -properties are used instead to classify characters. More details are given in -the section on +properties are used to classify characters. There are some PCRE2_EXTRA +options (see below) that add finer control to this behaviour. More details are +given in the section on generic character types in the pcre2pattern -page. If you set PCRE2_UCP, matching one of the items it affects takes much -longer. +page.The second effect of PCRE2_UCP is to force the use of Unicode properties for -upper/lower casing operations on characters with code points greater than 127, -even when PCRE2_UTF is not set. This makes it possible, for example, to process -strings in the 16-bit UCS-2 code. This option is available only if PCRE2 has -been compiled with Unicode support (which is the default). +upper/lower casing operations, even when PCRE2_UTF is not set. This makes it +possible to process strings in the 16-bit UCS-2 code. This option is available +only if PCRE2 has been compiled with Unicode support (which is the default). +The PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT option (see below) restricts caseless +matching such that ASCII characters match only ASCII characters and non-ASCII +characters match only non-ASCII characters.
PCRE2_UNGREEDY@@ -1905,8 +1946,7 @@ Unicode support (which is the default). If Unicode support is not available, the use of this option provokes an error. Details of how PCRE2_UTF changes the behaviour of PCRE2 are given in the pcre2unicode -page. In particular, note that it changes the way PCRE2_CASELESS handles -characters with code points greater than 127. +page. In particular, note that it changes the way PCRE2_CASELESS works.
Extra compile options @@ -1953,6 +1993,37 @@ the way that ECMAscript (aka JavaScript) does. Additional functionality was defined by ECMAscript 6; setting PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX has the effect of PCRE2_ALT_BSUX, but in addition it recognizes \u{hhh..} as a hexadecimal character code, where hhh.. is any number of hexadecimal digits. ++ PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSD ++This option forces \d to match only ASCII digits, even when PCRE2_UCP is set. +It can be changed within a pattern by means of the (?aD) option setting. ++ PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSS ++This option forces \s to match only ASCII space characters, even when +PCRE2_UCP is set. It can be changed within a pattern by means of the (?aS) +option setting. ++ PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSW ++This option forces \w to match only ASCII word characters, even when PCRE2_UCP +is set. It can be changed within a pattern by means of the (?aW) option +setting. ++ PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT ++This option forces the POSIX character classes [:digit:] and [:xdigit:] to +match only ASCII digits, even when PCRE2_UCP is set. It can be changed within +a pattern by means of the (?aT) option setting. ++ PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX ++This option forces all the POSIX character classes, including [:digit:] and +[:xdigit:], to match only ASCII characters, even when PCRE2_UCP is set. It can +be changed within a pattern by means of the (?aP) option setting, but note that +this also sets PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT in order to ensure that (?-aP) unsets +all ASCII restrictions for POSIX classes.PCRE2_EXTRA_BAD_ESCAPE_IS_LITERAL@@ -1974,6 +2045,17 @@ that a sequence such as [\N{] is interpreted as a malformed attempt at [\N{...}] and so is treated as [N{] whereas [\N] gives an error because an unqualified \N is a valid escape sequence but is not supported in a character class. To reiterate: this is a dangerous option. Use with great care. ++ PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT ++When either PCRE2_UCP or PCRE2_UTF is set, caseless matching follows Unicode +rules, which allow for more than two cases per character. There are two +case-equivalent character sets that contain both ASCII and non-ASCII +characters. The ASCII letter S is case-equivalent to U+017f (long S) and the +ASCII letter K is case-equivalent to U+212a (Kelvin sign). This option disables +recognition of case-equivalences that cross the ASCII/non-ASCII boundary. In a +caseless match, both characters must either be ASCII or non-ASCII. The option +can be changed with a pattern by the (?r) option setting.PCRE2_EXTRA_ESCAPED_CR_IS_LF@@ -2015,8 +2097,8 @@ also set. void pcre2_jit_free_unused_memory(pcre2_general_context *gcontext);
-pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(PCRE2_SIZE startsize, - PCRE2_SIZE maxsize, pcre2_general_context *gcontext); +pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(size_t startsize, + size_t maxsize, pcre2_general_context *gcontext);
void pcre2_jit_stack_assign(pcre2_match_context *mcontext, @@ -2061,7 +2143,8 @@ PCRE2_UCP option can be set when a pattern is compiled; this causes \w and friends to use Unicode property support instead of the built-in tables. PCRE2_UCP also causes upper/lower casing operations on characters with code points greater than 127 to use Unicode properties. These effects apply even -when PCRE2_UTF is not set. +when PCRE2_UTF is not set. There are, however, some PCRE2_EXTRA options (see +above) that can be used to modify or suppress them.The use of locales with Unicode is discouraged. If you are handling characters @@ -2543,7 +2626,9 @@ large enough to hold as many as are expected. A minimum of at least 1 pair is imposed by pcre2_match_data_create(), so it is always possible to return the overall matched string in the case of pcre2_match() or the longest match in the case of -pcre2_dfa_match(). +pcre2_dfa_match(). The maximum number of pairs is 65535; if the the first +argument of pcre2_match_data_create() is greater than this, 65535 is +used.
The second argument of pcre2_match_data_create() is a pointer to a @@ -2591,7 +2676,44 @@ When a match data block itself is no longer needed, it should be freed by calling pcre2_match_data_free(). If this function is called with a NULL argument, it returns immediately, without doing anything.
-
MATCHING A PATTERN: THE TRADITIONAL FUNCTION
+
MEMORY USE FOR MATCH DATA BLOCKS
++PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_size(pcre2_match_data *match_data); +
+
+
+PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size( + pcre2_match_data *match_data); ++The size of a match data block depends on the size of the ovector that it +contains. The function pcre2_get_match_data_size() returns the size, in +bytes, of the block that is its argument. +
++When pcre2_match() runs interpretively (that is, without using JIT), it +makes use of a vector of data frames for remembering backtracking positions. +The size of each individual frame depends on the number of capturing +parentheses in the pattern and can be obtained by calling +pcre2_pattern_info() with the PCRE2_INFO_FRAMESIZE option (see the +section entitled "Information about a compiled pattern" +above). +
++Heap memory is used for the frames vector; if the initial memory block turns +out to be too small during matching, it is automatically expanded. When +pcre2_match() returns, the memory is not freed, but remains attached to +the match data block, for use by any subsequent matches that use the same +block. It is automatically freed when the match data block itself is freed. +
++You can find the current size of the frames vector that a match data block owns +by calling pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size(). For a newly created +match data block the size will be zero. Some types of match may require a lot +of frames and thus a large vector; applications that run in environments where +memory is constrained can check this and free the match data block if the heap +frames vector has become too big. +
+
MATCHING A PATTERN: THE TRADITIONAL FUNCTION
int pcre2_match(const pcre2_code *code, PCRE2_SPTR subject, PCRE2_SIZE length, PCRE2_SIZE startoffset, @@ -2860,7 +2982,7 @@ examples, in the pcre2partial documentation.
-
NEWLINE HANDLING WHEN MATCHING
+
NEWLINE HANDLING WHEN MATCHING
When PCRE2 is built, a default newline convention is set; this is usually the standard convention for the operating system. The default can be overridden in @@ -2900,7 +3022,7 @@ does \s, even though it includes CR and LF in the characters that it matches. Notwithstanding the above, anomalous effects may still occur when CRLF is a valid newline sequence and explicit \r or \n escapes appear in the pattern.
-
HOW PCRE2_MATCH() RETURNS A STRING AND CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS
+
HOW PCRE2_MATCH() RETURNS A STRING AND CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS
uint32_t pcre2_get_ovector_count(pcre2_match_data *match_data);
-
@@ -2997,7 +3119,7 @@ parentheses, no more than ovector[0] to ovector[2n+1] are set by pcre2_match(). The other elements retain whatever values they previously had. After a failed match attempt, the contents of the ovector are unchanged.
OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT A MATCH
+
OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT A MATCH
PCRE2_SPTR pcre2_get_mark(pcre2_match_data *match_data);
-
@@ -3060,7 +3182,7 @@ the code unit offset of the invalid UTF character. Details are given in the pcre2unicode page.
ERROR RETURNS FROM pcre2_match()
+
ERROR RETURNS FROM pcre2_match()
If pcre2_match() fails, it returns a negative number. This can be converted to a text string by calling the pcre2_get_error_message() @@ -3146,11 +3268,11 @@ The backtracking match limit was reached.
PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY-If a pattern contains many nested backtracking points, heap memory is used to -remember them. This error is given when the memory allocation function (default -or custom) fails. Note that a different error, PCRE2_ERROR_HEAPLIMIT, is given -if the amount of memory needed exceeds the heap limit. PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY is -also returned if PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT is set and memory allocation fails. +Heap memory is used to remember backgracking points. This error is given when +the memory allocation function (default or custom) fails. Note that a different +error, PCRE2_ERROR_HEAPLIMIT, is given if the amount of memory needed exceeds +the heap limit. PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY is also returned if +PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT is set and memory allocation fails.PCRE2_ERROR_NULL@@ -3167,7 +3289,7 @@ detected and faulted at compile time, but more complicated cases, in particular mutual recursions between two different groups, cannot be detected until matching is attempted. -
OBTAINING A TEXTUAL ERROR MESSAGE
+
OBTAINING A TEXTUAL ERROR MESSAGE
int pcre2_get_error_message(int errorcode, PCRE2_UCHAR *buffer, PCRE2_SIZE bufflen); @@ -3188,7 +3310,7 @@ returned. If the buffer is too small, the message is truncated (but still with a trailing zero), and the negative error code PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY is returned. None of the messages are very long; a buffer size of 120 code units is ample.
-
EXTRACTING CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS BY NUMBER
+
EXTRACTING CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS BY NUMBER
int pcre2_substring_length_bynumber(pcre2_match_data *match_data, uint32_t number, PCRE2_SIZE *length); @@ -3285,7 +3407,7 @@ The substring did not participate in the match. For example, if the pattern is (abc)|(def) and the subject is "def", and the ovector contains at least two capturing slots, substring number 1 is unset.
-
EXTRACTING A LIST OF ALL CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS
+
EXTRACTING A LIST OF ALL CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS
int pcre2_substring_list_get(pcre2_match_data *match_data, " PCRE2_UCHAR ***listptr, PCRE2_SIZE **lengthsptr); @@ -3324,7 +3446,7 @@ distinguished from a genuine zero-length substring by inspecting the appropriate offset in the ovector, which contain PCRE2_UNSET for unset substrings, or by calling pcre2_substring_length_bynumber().
-
EXTRACTING CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS BY NAME
+
EXTRACTING CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS BY NAME
int pcre2_substring_number_from_name(const pcre2_code *code, PCRE2_SPTR name); @@ -3384,7 +3506,7 @@ names are not included in the compiled code. The matching process uses only numbers. For this reason, the use of different names for groups with the same number causes an error at compile time.
-
CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS
+
CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS
int pcre2_substitute(const pcre2_code *code, PCRE2_SPTR subject, PCRE2_SIZE length, PCRE2_SIZE startoffset, @@ -3744,7 +3866,7 @@ PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_GLOBAL is not set), the the rest of the input is copied to the output and the call to pcre2_substitute() exits, returning the number of matches so far.
-
DUPLICATE CAPTURE GROUP NAMES
+
DUPLICATE CAPTURE GROUP NAMES
int pcre2_substring_nametable_scan(const pcre2_code *code, PCRE2_SPTR name, PCRE2_SPTR *first, PCRE2_SPTR *last); @@ -3790,7 +3912,7 @@ in the section entitled Information about a pattern. Given all the relevant entries for the name, you can extract each of their numbers, and hence the captured data.
-
FINDING ALL POSSIBLE MATCHES AT ONE POSITION
+
FINDING ALL POSSIBLE MATCHES AT ONE POSITION
The traditional matching function uses a similar algorithm to Perl, which stops when it finds the first match at a given point in the subject. If you want to @@ -3808,7 +3930,7 @@ substring. Then return 1, which forces pcre2_match() to backtrack and try other alternatives. Ultimately, when it runs out of matches, pcre2_match() will yield PCRE2_ERROR_NOMATCH.
-
MATCHING A PATTERN: THE ALTERNATIVE FUNCTION
+
MATCHING A PATTERN: THE ALTERNATIVE FUNCTION
int pcre2_dfa_match(const pcre2_code *code, PCRE2_SPTR subject, PCRE2_SIZE length, PCRE2_SIZE startoffset, @@ -4001,13 +4123,13 @@ some plausibility checks are made on the contents of the workspace, which should contain data about the previous partial match. If any of these checks fail, this error is given.
-
SEE ALSO
+
SEE ALSO
pcre2build(3), pcre2callout(3), pcre2demo(3), pcre2matching(3), pcre2partial(3), pcre2posix(3), pcre2sample(3), pcre2unicode(3).
-
AUTHOR
+
AUTHOR
Philip Hazel
-
@@ -4016,11 +4138,11 @@ Retired from University Computing Service Cambridge, England.
REVISION
+
REVISION
-Last updated: 14 December 2021 +Last updated: 12 October 2023
-Copyright © 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. +Copyright © 1997-2023 University of Cambridge.
Return to the PCRE2 index page. diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2build.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2build.html index 0d12155..2019d9a 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2build.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2build.html @@ -24,21 +24,22 @@ please consult the man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
@@ -284,12 +285,11 @@ to the configure command. This setting also applies to the counting is done differently).
-The pcre2_match() function starts out using a 20KiB vector on the system -stack to record backtracking points. The more nested backtracking points there -are (that is, the deeper the search tree), the more memory is needed. If the -initial vector is not large enough, heap memory is used, up to a certain limit, -which is specified in kibibytes (units of 1024 bytes). The limit can be changed -at run time, as described in the +The pcre2_match() function uses heap memory to record backtracking +points. The more nested backtracking points there are (that is, the deeper the +search tree), the more memory is needed. There is an upper limit, specified in +kibibytes (units of 1024 bytes). This limit can be changed at run time, as +described in the pcre2api documentation. The default limit (in effect unlimited) is 20 million. You can change this by a setting such as @@ -322,8 +322,22 @@ As well as applying to pcre2_match(), the depth limit also controls the depth of recursive function calls in pcre2_dfa_match(). These are used for lookaround assertions, atomic groups, and recursion within patterns. The limit does not apply to JIT matching. +
++Lookbehind assertions in which one or more branches can match a variable number +of characters are supported only if there is a maximum matching length for each +top-level branch. There is a limit to this maximum that defaults to 255 +characters. You can alter this default by a setting such as +
+ --with-max-varlookbehind=100 ++The limit can be changed at runtime by calling +pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind(). Lookbehind assertions in which every +branch matches a fixed number of characters (not necessarily all the same) are +not constrained by this limit. -
PCRE2 uses fixed tables for processing characters whose code points are less than 256. By default, PCRE2 is built with a set of tables that are distributed @@ -362,7 +376,7 @@ just a string of bytes, independent of hardware characteristics such as endianness. This means they can be bundled with an application that runs in different environments, to ensure consistent behaviour.
-PCRE2 assumes by default that it will run in an environment where the character code is ASCII or Unicode, which is a superset of ASCII. This is the case for @@ -397,7 +411,7 @@ The options that select newline behaviour, such as --enable-newline-is-cr, and equivalent run-time options, refer to these character values in an EBCDIC environment.
-By default pcre2grep supports the use of callouts with string arguments within the patterns it is matching. There are two kinds: one that generates @@ -409,7 +423,7 @@ callouts, see the pcre2grep documentation.
-By default, pcre2grep reads all files as plain text. You can build it so that it recognizes files whose names end in .gz or .bz2, and reads @@ -422,7 +436,7 @@ to the configure command. These options naturally require that the relevant libraries are installed on your system. Configuration will fail if they are not.
-pcre2grep uses an internal buffer to hold a "window" on the file it is scanning, in order to be able to output "before" and "after" lines when it @@ -440,7 +454,7 @@ default parameter values by adding, for example, to the configure command. The caller of pcre2grep can override these values by using --buffer-size and --max-buffer-size on the command line.
-If you add one of
@@ -474,7 +488,7 @@ automatically included, you may need to add something likeimmediately before the configure command. -
If you add
@@ -483,7 +497,7 @@ If you add to the configure command, additional debugging code is included in the build. This feature is intended for use by the PCRE2 maintainers. -
DEBUGGING WITH VALGRIND SUPPORT
+
DEBUGGING WITH VALGRIND SUPPORT
If you add
@@ -493,7 +507,7 @@ to the configure command, PCRE2 will use valgrind annotations to mark certain memory regions as unaddressable. This allows it to detect invalid memory accesses, and is mostly useful for debugging PCRE2 itself. -
CODE COVERAGE REPORTING
+
CODE COVERAGE REPORTING
If your C compiler is gcc, you can build a version of PCRE2 that can generate a code coverage report for its test suite. To enable this, you must install @@ -550,7 +564,7 @@ This cleans all coverage data including the generated coverage report. For more information about code coverage, see the gcov and lcov documentation.
-
DISABLING THE Z AND T FORMATTING MODIFIERS
+
DISABLING THE Z AND T FORMATTING MODIFIERS
The C99 standard defines formatting modifiers z and t for size_t and ptrdiff_t values, respectively. By default, PCRE2 uses these modifiers in @@ -565,7 +579,7 @@ support these modifiers. If is specified, no use is made of the z or t modifiers. Instead of %td or %zu, a suitable format is used depending in the size of long for the platform.
-
SUPPORT FOR FUZZERS
+
SUPPORT FOR FUZZERS
There is a special option for use by people who want to run fuzzing tests on PCRE2: @@ -589,7 +603,7 @@ arguments: if an argument starts with "=" the rest of it is a literal input string. Otherwise, it is assumed to be a file name, and the contents of the file are the test string.
-
OBSOLETE OPTION
+
OBSOLETE OPTION
In versions of PCRE2 prior to 10.30, there were two ways of handling backtracking in the pcre2_match() function. The default was to use the @@ -601,24 +615,24 @@ was set, memory on the heap was used. From release 10.30 onwards this has changed (the stack is no longer used) and this option now does nothing except give a warning.
-
SEE ALSO
+
SEE ALSO
pcre2api(3), pcre2-config(3).
-
AUTHOR
+
AUTHOR
Philip Hazel
-
-University Computing Service +Retired from University Computing Service
Cambridge, England.
REVISION
+
REVISION
-Last updated: 08 December 2021 +Last updated: 09 August 2023
-Copyright © 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. +Copyright © 1997-2023 University of Cambridge.
Return to the PCRE2 index page. diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2compat.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2compat.html index 5f390c1..b3165bb 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2compat.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2compat.html @@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ please consult the man page, in case the conversion went wrong. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PCRE2 AND PERL
-This document describes some of the differences in the ways that PCRE2 and Perl -handle regular expressions. The differences described here are with respect to -Perl version 5.34.0, but as both Perl and PCRE2 are continually changing, the -information may at times be out of date. +This document describes some of the known differences in the ways that PCRE2 +and Perl handle regular expressions. The differences described here are with +respect to Perl version 5.38.0, but as both Perl and PCRE2 are continually +changing, the information may at times be out of date.
1. When PCRE2_DOTALL (equivalent to Perl's /s qualifier) is not set, the @@ -46,13 +46,18 @@ for example, \b* , but these do not seem to have any use. PCRE2 does not allow any kind of quantifier on non-lookaround assertions.
-4. Capture groups that occur inside negative lookaround assertions are counted, +4. If a braced quantifier such as {1,2} appears where there is nothing to +repeat (for example, at the start of a branch), PCRE2 raises an error whereas +Perl treats the quantifier characters as literal. +
++5. Capture groups that occur inside negative lookaround assertions are counted, but their entries in the offsets vector are set only when a negative assertion is a condition that has a matching branch (that is, the condition is false). Perl may set such capture groups in other circumstances.
-5. The following Perl escape sequences are not supported: \F, \l, \L, \u, +6. The following Perl escape sequences are not supported: \F, \l, \L, \u, \U, and \N when followed by a character name. \N on its own, matching a non-newline character, and \N{U+dd..}, matching a Unicode code point, are supported. The escapes that modify the case of following letters are @@ -63,19 +68,20 @@ PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX options is set, \U and \u are interpreted as ECMAScript interprets them.
-6. The Perl escape sequences \p, \P, and \X are supported only if PCRE2 is +7. The Perl escape sequences \p, \P, and \X are supported only if PCRE2 is built with Unicode support (the default). The properties that can be tested with \p and \P are limited to the general category properties such as Lu and -Nd, script names such as Greek or Han, Bidi_Class, Bidi_Control, and the -derived properties Any and LC (synonym L&). Both PCRE2 and Perl support the Cs -(surrogate) property, but in PCRE2 its use is limited. See the +Nd, the derived properties Any and LC (synonym L&), script names such as Greek +or Han, Bidi_Class, Bidi_Control, and a few binary properties. Both PCRE2 and +Perl support the Cs (surrogate) property, but in PCRE2 its use is limited. See +the pcre2pattern documentation for details. The long synonyms for property names that Perl supports (such as \p{Letter}) are not supported by PCRE2, nor is it permitted to prefix any of these properties with "Is".
-7. PCRE2 supports the \Q...\E escape for quoting substrings. Characters +8. PCRE2 supports the \Q...\E escape for quoting substrings. Characters in between are treated as literals. However, this is slightly different from Perl in that $ and @ are also handled as literals inside the quotes. In Perl, they cause variable interpolation (PCRE2 does not have variables). Also, Perl @@ -96,19 +102,19 @@ The \Q...\E sequence is recognized both inside and outside character classes by both PCRE2 and Perl.
-8. Fairly obviously, PCRE2 does not support the (?{code}) and (??{code}) +9. Fairly obviously, PCRE2 does not support the (?{code}) and (??{code}) constructions. However, PCRE2 does have a "callout" feature, which allows an external function to be called during pattern matching. See the pcre2callout documentation for details.
-9. Subroutine calls (whether recursive or not) were treated as atomic groups up -to PCRE2 release 10.23, but from release 10.30 this changed, and backtracking -into subroutine calls is now supported, as in Perl. +10. Subroutine calls (whether recursive or not) were treated as atomic groups +up to PCRE2 release 10.23, but from release 10.30 this changed, and +backtracking into subroutine calls is now supported, as in Perl.
-10. In PCRE2, if any of the backtracking control verbs are used in a group that +11. In PCRE2, if any of the backtracking control verbs are used in a group that is called as a subroutine (whether or not recursively), their effect is confined to that group; it does not extend to the surrounding pattern. This is not always the case in Perl. In particular, if (*THEN) is present in a group @@ -117,20 +123,20 @@ the group does not contain any | characters. Note that such groups are processed as anchored at the point where they are tested.
-11. If a pattern contains more than one backtracking control verb, the first +12. If a pattern contains more than one backtracking control verb, the first one that is backtracked onto acts. For example, in the pattern A(*COMMIT)B(*PRUNE)C a failure in B triggers (*COMMIT), but a failure in C triggers (*PRUNE). Perl's behaviour is more complex; in many cases it is the same as PCRE2, but there are cases where it differs.
-12. There are some differences that are concerned with the settings of captured +13. There are some differences that are concerned with the settings of captured strings when part of a pattern is repeated. For example, matching "aba" against the pattern /^(a(b)?)+$/ in Perl leaves $2 unset, but in PCRE2 it is set to "b".
-13. PCRE2's handling of duplicate capture group numbers and names is not as +14. PCRE2's handling of duplicate capture group numbers and names is not as general as Perl's. This is a consequence of the fact the PCRE2 works internally just with numbers, using an external table to translate between numbers and names. In particular, a pattern such as (?|(?<a>A)|(?<b>B)), where the two @@ -140,99 +146,91 @@ to distinguish which group matched, because both names map to capture group number 1. To avoid this confusing situation, an error is given at compile time.
-14. Perl used to recognize comments in some places that PCRE2 does not, for +15. Perl used to recognize comments in some places that PCRE2 does not, for example, between the ( and ? at the start of a group. If the /x modifier is set, Perl allowed white space between ( and ? though the latest Perls give an error (for a while it was just deprecated). There may still be some cases where Perl behaves differently.
-15. Perl, when in warning mode, gives warnings for character classes such as +16. Perl, when in warning mode, gives warnings for character classes such as [A-\d] or [a-[:digit:]]. It then treats the hyphens as literals. PCRE2 has no warning features, so it gives an error in these cases because they are almost certainly user mistakes.
-16. In PCRE2, the upper/lower case character properties Lu and Ll are not +17. In PCRE2, the upper/lower case character properties Lu and Ll are not affected when case-independent matching is specified. For example, \p{Lu} always matches an upper case letter. I think Perl has changed in this respect; -in the release at the time of writing (5.34), \p{Lu} and \p{Ll} match all +in the release at the time of writing (5.38), \p{Lu} and \p{Ll} match all letters, regardless of case, when case independence is specified.
-17. From release 5.32.0, Perl locks out the use of \K in lookaround +18. From release 5.32.0, Perl locks out the use of \K in lookaround assertions. From release 10.38 PCRE2 does the same by default. However, there is an option for re-enabling the previous behaviour. When this option is set, \K is acted on when it occurs in positive assertions, but is ignored in negative assertions.
-18. PCRE2 provides some extensions to the Perl regular expression facilities.
+19. PCRE2 provides some extensions to the Perl regular expression facilities.
Perl 5.10 included new features that were not in earlier versions of Perl, some
of which (such as named parentheses) were in PCRE2 for some time before. This
-list is with respect to Perl 5.34:
-
-
-(a) Although lookbehind assertions in PCRE2 must match fixed length strings,
-each alternative toplevel branch of a lookbehind assertion can match a
-different length of string. Perl used to require them all to have the same
-length, but the latest version has some variable length support.
-
-
-(b) From PCRE2 10.23, backreferences to groups of fixed length are supported
-in lookbehinds, provided that there is no possibility of referencing a
-non-unique number or name. Perl does not support backreferences in lookbehinds.
+list is with respect to Perl 5.38:
-(c) If PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set and PCRE2_MULTILINE is not set, the $
+(a) If PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set and PCRE2_MULTILINE is not set, the $
meta-character matches only at the very end of the string.
-(d) A backslash followed by a letter with no special meaning is faulted. (Perl
+(b) A backslash followed by a letter with no special meaning is faulted. (Perl
can be made to issue a warning.)
-(e) If PCRE2_UNGREEDY is set, the greediness of the repetition quantifiers is
+(c) If PCRE2_UNGREEDY is set, the greediness of the repetition quantifiers is
inverted, that is, by default they are not greedy, but if followed by a
question mark they are.
-(f) PCRE2_ANCHORED can be used at matching time to force a pattern to be tried
+(d) PCRE2_ANCHORED can be used at matching time to force a pattern to be tried
only at the first matching position in the subject string.
-(g) The PCRE2_NOTBOL, PCRE2_NOTEOL, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY and PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART
+(e) The PCRE2_NOTBOL, PCRE2_NOTEOL, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY and PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART
options have no Perl equivalents.
-(h) The \R escape sequence can be restricted to match only CR, LF, or CRLF
+(f) The \R escape sequence can be restricted to match only CR, LF, or CRLF
by the PCRE2_BSR_ANYCRLF option.
-(i) The callout facility is PCRE2-specific. Perl supports codeblocks and
+(g) The callout facility is PCRE2-specific. Perl supports codeblocks and
variable interpolation, but not general hooks on every match.
-(j) The partial matching facility is PCRE2-specific.
+(h) The partial matching facility is PCRE2-specific.
-(k) The alternative matching function (pcre2_dfa_match() matches in a
+(i) The alternative matching function (pcre2_dfa_match() matches in a
different way and is not Perl-compatible.
-(l) PCRE2 recognizes some special sequences such as (*CR) or (*NO_JIT) at
+(j) PCRE2 recognizes some special sequences such as (*CR) or (*NO_JIT) at
the start of a pattern. These set overall options that cannot be changed within
the pattern.
-(m) PCRE2 supports non-atomic positive lookaround assertions. This is an
+(k) PCRE2 supports non-atomic positive lookaround assertions. This is an
extension to the lookaround facilities. The default, Perl-compatible
lookarounds are atomic.
-
-19. The Perl /a modifier restricts /d numbers to pure ascii, and the /aa
-modifier restricts /i case-insensitive matching to pure ascii, ignoring Unicode
-rules. This separation cannot be represented with PCRE2_UCP.
+
+
+(l) There are three syntactical items in patterns that can refer to a capturing
+group by number: back references such as \g{2}, subroutine calls such as (?3),
+and condition references such as (?(4)...). PCRE2 supports relative group
+numbers such as +2 and -4 in all three cases. Perl supports both plus and minus
+for subroutine calls, but only minus for back references, and no relative
+numbering at all for conditions.
20. Perl has different limits than PCRE2. See the @@ -242,6 +240,12 @@ keeping the intermediate matches on the heap, which is ~10% slower but does not fall into any stack-overflow limit. PCRE2 made a similar change at release 10.30, and also has many build-time and run-time customizable limits.
++21. Unlike Perl, PCRE2 doesn't have character set modifiers and specially no way +to set characters by context just like Perl's "/d". A regular expression using +PCRE2_UTF and PCRE2_UCP will use similar rules to Perl's "/u"; something closer +to "/a" could be selected by adding other PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII* options on top. +
-Last updated: 08 December 2021
+Last updated: 12 October 2023
-Copyright © 1997-2021 University of Cambridge.
+Copyright © 1997-2023 University of Cambridge.
Return to the PCRE2 index page. diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2grep.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2grep.html index b3252d3..83e6e04 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2grep.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2grep.html @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ please consult the man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
pcre2grep some-pattern file1 - file3-Input files are searched line by line. By default, each line that matches a +By default, input files are searched line by line. Each line that matches a pattern is copied to the standard output, and if there is more than one file, the file name is output at the start of each line, followed by a colon. -However, there are options that can change how pcre2grep behaves. In -particular, the -M option makes it possible to search for strings that -span line boundaries. What defines a line boundary is controlled by the --N (--newline) option. +However, there are options that can change how pcre2grep behaves. For +example, the -M option makes it possible to search for strings that span +line boundaries. What defines a line boundary is controlled by the -N +(--newline) option. The -h and -H options control whether or +not file names are shown, and the -Z option changes the file name +terminator to a zero byte.
The amount of memory used for buffering files that are being scanned is @@ -97,6 +99,10 @@ allow for buffering "before" and "after" lines. If the buffer size is too small, fewer than requested "before" and "after" lines may be output.
+When matching with a multiline pattern, the size of the buffer must be at least +half of the maximum match expected or the pattern might fail to match. +
+Patterns can be no longer than 8KiB or BUFSIZ bytes, whichever is the greater. BUFSIZ is defined in <stdio.h>. When there is more than one pattern (specified by the use of -e and/or -f), each pattern is applied to @@ -106,19 +112,24 @@ patterns are tried before the -f patterns.
By default, as soon as one pattern matches a line, no further patterns are considered. However, if --colour (or --color) is used to colour the -matching substrings, or if --only-matching, --file-offsets, or ---line-offsets is used to output only the part of the line that matched -(either shown literally, or as an offset), scanning resumes immediately -following the match, so that further matches on the same line can be found. If -there are multiple patterns, they are all tried on the remainder of the line, -but patterns that follow the one that matched are not tried on the earlier -matched part of the line. +matching substrings, or if --only-matching, --file-offsets, +--line-offsets, or --output is used to output only the part of the +line that matched (either shown literally, or as an offset), the behaviour is +different. In this situation, all the patterns are applied to the line. If +there is more than one match, the one that begins nearest to the start of the +subject is processed; if there is more than one match at that position, the one +with the longest matching substring is processed; if the matching substrings +are equal, the first match found is processed.
-This behaviour means that the order in which multiple patterns are specified -can affect the output when one of the above options is used. This is no longer -the same behaviour as GNU grep, which now manages to display earlier matches -for later patterns (as long as there is no overlap). +Scanning with all the patterns resumes immediately following the match, so that +later matches on the same line can be found. Note, however, that an overlapping +match that starts in the middle of another match will not be processed. +
++The above behaviour was changed at release 10.41 to be more compatible with GNU +grep. In earlier releases, pcre2grep did not recognize matches from +later patterns that were earlier in the subject.
Patterns that can match an empty string are accepted, but empty string @@ -134,14 +145,15 @@ The --locale option can be used to override this.
-It is possible to compile pcre2grep so that it uses libz or -libbz2 to read compressed files whose names end in .gz or +Compile-time options for pcre2grep can set it up to use libz or +libbz2 for reading compressed files whose names end in .gz or .bz2, respectively. You can find out whether your pcre2grep binary has support for one or both of these file types by running it with the --help option. If the appropriate support is not present, all files are -treated as plain text. The standard input is always so treated. When input is -from a compressed .gz or .bz2 file, the --line-buffered option is -ignored. +treated as plain text. The standard input is always so treated. If a file with +a .gz or .bz2 extension is not in fact compressed, it is read as a +plain text file. When input is from a compressed .gz or .bz2 file, the +--line-buffered option is ignored.
@@ -178,9 +190,11 @@ Output up to number lines of context after each matching line. Fewer lines are output if the next match or the end of the file is reached, or if the processing buffer size has been set too small. If file names and/or line numbers are being output, a hyphen separator is used instead of a colon for the -context lines. A line containing "--" is output between each group of lines, -unless they are in fact contiguous in the input file. The value of number -is expected to be relatively small. When -c is used, -A is ignored. +context lines (the -Z option can be used to change the file name +terminator to a zero byte). A line containing "--" is output between each group +of lines, unless they are in fact contiguous in the input file. The value of +number is expected to be relatively small. When -c is used, +-A is ignored.
-a, --text @@ -199,9 +213,10 @@ Output up to number lines of context before each matching line. Fewer lines are output if the previous match or the start of the file is within number lines, or if the processing buffer size has been set too small. If file names and/or line numbers are being output, a hyphen separator is used -instead of a colon for the context lines. A line containing "--" is output -between each group of lines, unless they are in fact contiguous in the input -file. The value of number is expected to be relatively small. When +instead of a colon for the context lines (the -Z option can be used to +change the file name terminator to a zero byte). A line containing "--" is +output between each group of lines, unless they are in fact contiguous in the +input file. The value of number is expected to be relatively small. When -c is used, -B is ignored.
@@ -238,7 +253,7 @@ exactly the same as the number of lines that would have been output, but if the
suppressed lines than the count (that is, the number of matches).
-If no lines are selected, the number zero is output. If several files are are
+If no lines are selected, the number zero is output. If several files are
being scanned, a count is output for each of them and the -t option can
be used to cause a total to be output at the end. However, if the
--files-with-matches option is also used, only those files whose counts
@@ -254,12 +269,14 @@ equals sign.
--colour=value, --color=value
This option specifies under what circumstances the parts of a line that matched
-a pattern should be coloured in the output. By default, the output is not
-coloured. The value (which is optional, see above) may be "never", "always", or
-"auto". In the latter case, colouring happens only if the standard output is
-connected to a terminal. More resources are used when colouring is enabled,
-because pcre2grep has to search for all possible matches in a line, not
-just one, in order to colour them all.
+a pattern should be coloured in the output. It is ignored if
+--file-offsets, --line-offsets, or --output is set. By
+default, output is not coloured. The value for the --colour option (which
+is optional, see above) may be "never", "always", or "auto". In the latter
+case, colouring happens only if the standard output is connected to a terminal.
+More resources are used when colouring is enabled, because pcre2grep has
+to search for all possible matches in a line, not just one, in order to colour
+them all.
The colour that is used can be specified by setting one of the environment
@@ -301,24 +318,26 @@ end-of-file; in others it may provoke an error.
See --match-limit below.
+-E, --case-restrict +When case distinctions are being ignored in Unicode mode, two ASCII letters (K +and S) will by default match Unicode characters U+212A (Kelvin sign) and U+017F +(long S) respectively, as well as their lower case ASCII counterparts. When +this option is set, case equivalences are restricted such that no ASCII +character matches a non-ASCII character, and vice versa. +
+
-e pattern, --regex=pattern, --regexp=pattern
Specify a pattern to be matched. This option can be used multiple times in
order to specify several patterns. It can also be used as a way of specifying a
single pattern that starts with a hyphen. When -e is used, no argument
pattern is taken from the command line; all arguments are treated as file
names. There is no limit to the number of patterns. They are applied to each
-line in the order in which they are defined until one matches.
+line in the order in which they are defined.
If -f is used with -e, the command line patterns are matched first,
followed by the patterns from the file(s), independent of the order in which
-these options are specified. Note that multiple use of -e is not the same
-as a single pattern with alternatives. For example, X|Y finds the first
-character in a line that is X or Y, whereas if the two patterns are given
-separately, with X first, pcre2grep finds X if it is present, even if it
-follows Y in the line. It finds Y only if there is no X in the line. This
-matters only if you are using -o or --colo(u)r to show the part(s)
-of the line that matched.
+these options are specified.
--exclude=pattern @@ -367,23 +386,20 @@ files; it does not apply to patterns specified by any of the --include or
-f filename, --file=filename
-Read patterns from the file, one per line, and match them against each line of
-input. As is the case with patterns on the command line, no delimiters should
-be used. What constitutes a newline when reading the file is the operating
-system's default interpretation of \n. The --newline option has no
-effect on this option. Trailing white space is removed from each line, and
-blank lines are ignored. An empty file contains no patterns and therefore
-matches nothing. Patterns read from a file in this way may contain binary
-zeros, which are treated as ordinary data characters. See also the comments
-about multiple patterns versus a single pattern with alternatives in the
-description of -e above.
+Read patterns from the file, one per line. As is the case with patterns on the
+command line, no delimiters should be used. What constitutes a newline when
+reading the file is the operating system's default interpretation of \n. The
+--newline option has no effect on this option. Trailing white space is
+removed from each line, and blank lines are ignored. An empty file contains no
+patterns and therefore matches nothing. Patterns read from a file in this way
+may contain binary zeros, which are treated as ordinary data characters.
If this option is given more than once, all the specified files are read. A
data line is output if any of the patterns match it. A file name can be given
as "-" to refer to the standard input. When -f is used, patterns
specified on the command line using -e may also be present; they are
-tested before the file's patterns. However, no other pattern is taken from the
+matched before the file's patterns. However, no pattern is taken from the
command line; all arguments are treated as the names of paths to be searched.
@@ -403,28 +419,30 @@ specified files are read. --file-offsets Instead of showing lines or parts of lines that match, show each match as an offset from the start of the file and a length, separated by a comma. In this -mode, no context is shown. That is, the -A, -B, and -C -options are ignored. If there is more than one match in a line, each of them is -shown separately. This option is mutually exclusive with --output, ---line-offsets, and --only-matching. +mode, --colour has no effect, and no context is shown. That is, the +-A, -B, and -C options are ignored. If there is more than one +match in a line, each of them is shown separately. This option is mutually +exclusive with --output, --line-offsets, and --only-matching.
-H, --with-filename Force the inclusion of the file name at the start of output lines when -searching a single file. By default, the file name is not shown in this case. -For matching lines, the file name is followed by a colon; for context lines, a -hyphen separator is used. If a line number is also being output, it follows the -file name. When the -M option causes a pattern to match more than one -line, only the first is preceded by the file name. This option overrides any -previous -h, -l, or -L options. +searching a single file. The file name is not normally shown in this case. +By default, for matching lines, the file name is followed by a colon; for +context lines, a hyphen separator is used. The -Z option can be used to +change the terminator to a zero byte. If a line number is also being output, +it follows the file name. When the -M option causes a pattern to match +more than one line, only the first is preceded by the file name. This option +overrides any previous -h, -l, or -L options.
-h, --no-filename -Suppress the output file names when searching multiple files. By default, -file names are shown when multiple files are searched. For matching lines, the -file name is followed by a colon; for context lines, a hyphen separator is used. -If a line number is also being output, it follows the file name. This option -overrides any previous -H, -L, or -l options. +Suppress the output file names when searching multiple files. File names are +normally shown when multiple files are searched. By default, for matching +lines, the file name is followed by a colon; for context lines, a hyphen +separator is used. The -Z option can be used to change the terminator to +a zero byte. If a line number is also being output, it follows the file name. +This option overrides any previous -H, -L, or -l options.
--heap-limit=number @@ -443,7 +461,9 @@ Ignore binary files. This is equivalent to
-i, --ignore-case -Ignore upper/lower case distinctions during comparisons. +Ignore upper/lower case distinctions when pattern matching. This applies when +matching path names for inclusion or exclusion as well as when matching lines +in files.
--include=pattern @@ -481,18 +501,20 @@ given any number of times. If a directory matches both --include-dir and -L, --files-without-match Instead of outputting lines from the files, just output the names of the files that do not contain any lines that would have been output. Each file name is -output once, on a separate line. This option overrides any previous -H, --h, or -l options. +output once, on a separate line by default, but if the -Z option is set, +they are separated by zero bytes instead of newlines. This option overrides any +previous -H, -h, or -l options.
-l, --files-with-matches Instead of outputting lines from the files, just output the names of the files containing lines that would have been output. Each file name is output once, on -a separate line. Searching normally stops as soon as a matching line is found -in a file. However, if the -c (count) option is also used, matching -continues in order to obtain the correct count, and those files that have at -least one match are listed along with their counts. Using this option with --c is a way of suppressing the listing of files with no matches that +a separate line, but if the -Z option is set, they are separated by zero +bytes instead of newlines. Searching normally stops as soon as a matching line +is found in a file. However, if the -c (count) option is also used, +matching continues in order to obtain the correct count, and those files that +have at least one match are listed along with their counts. Using this option +with -c is a way of suppressing the listing of files with no matches that occurs with -c on its own. This option overrides any previous -H, -h, or -L options.
@@ -520,11 +542,11 @@ ceases to work. When input is from a compressed .gz or .bz2 file, Instead of showing lines or parts of lines that match, show each match as a line number, the offset from the start of the line, and a length. The line number is terminated by a colon (as usual; see the -n option), and the -offset and length are separated by a comma. In this mode, no context is shown. -That is, the -A, -B, and -C options are ignored. If there is -more than one match in a line, each of them is shown separately. This option is -mutually exclusive with --output, --file-offsets, and ---only-matching. +offset and length are separated by a comma. In this mode, --colour has no +effect, and no context is shown. That is, the -A, -B, and -C +options are ignored. If there is more than one match in a line, each of them is +shown separately. This option is mutually exclusive with --output, +--file-offsets, and --only-matching.
--locale=locale-name
@@ -562,8 +584,11 @@ well as possibly handling a two-character newline sequence.
There is a limit to the number of lines that can be matched, imposed by the way
that pcre2grep buffers the input file as it scans it. With a sufficiently
-large processing buffer, this should not be a problem, but the -M option
-does not work when input is read line by line (see --line-buffered.)
+large processing buffer, this should not be a problem.
+
+
+The -M option does not work when input is read line by line (see
+--line-buffered.)
-m number, --max-count=number
@@ -592,10 +617,7 @@ value set by --match-limit is reached, an error occurs.
The --heap-limit option specifies, as a number of kibibytes (units of
-1024 bytes), the amount of heap memory that may be used for matching. Heap
-memory is needed only if matching the pattern requires a significant number of
-nested backtracking points to be remembered. This parameter can be set to zero
-to forbid the use of heap memory altogether.
+1024 bytes), the maximum amount of heap memory that may be used for matching.
The --depth-limit option limits the depth of nested backtracking points,
@@ -660,19 +682,19 @@ number. This option is forced if --line-offsets is used.
If the PCRE2 library is built with support for just-in-time compiling (which
speeds up matching), pcre2grep automatically makes use of this, unless it
was explicitly disabled at build time. This option can be used to disable the
-use of JIT at run time. It is provided for testing and working round problems.
+use of JIT at run time. It is provided for testing and working around problems.
It should never be needed in normal use.
-O text, --output=text
When there is a match, instead of outputting the line that matched, output just
the text specified in this option, followed by an operating-system standard
-newline. In this mode, no context is shown. That is, the -A, -B,
-and -C options are ignored. The --newline option has no effect on
-this option, which is mutually exclusive with --only-matching,
---file-offsets, and --line-offsets. However, like
---only-matching, if there is more than one match in a line, each of them
-causes a line of output.
+newline. In this mode, --colour has no effect, and no context is shown.
+That is, the -A, -B, and -C options are ignored. The
+--newline option has no effect on this option, which is mutually
+exclusive with --only-matching, --file-offsets, and
+--line-offsets. However, like --only-matching, if there is more
+than one match in a line, each of them causes a line of output.
Escape sequences starting with a dollar character may be used to insert the
@@ -754,6 +776,18 @@ Specify a separating string for multiple occurrences of -o. The default
is an empty string. Separating strings are never coloured.
+-P, --no-ucp +Starting from release 10.43, when UTF/Unicode mode is specified with -u +or -U, the PCRE2_UCP option is used by default. This means that the +POSIX classes in patterns match more than just ASCII characters. For example, +[:digit:] matches any Unicode decimal digit. The --no-ucp option +suppresses PCRE2_UCP, thus restricting the POSIX classes to ASCII characters, +as was the case in earlier releases. Note that there are now more fine-grained +option settings within patterns that affect individual classes. For example, +when in UCP mode, the sequence (?aP) restricts [:word:] to ASCII letters, while +allowing \w to match Unicode letters and digits. +
+-q, --quiet Work quietly, that is, display nothing except error messages. The exit status indicates whether or not any matches were found. @@ -791,11 +825,11 @@ total would always be zero.
-u, --utf -Operate in UTF-8 mode. This option is available only if PCRE2 has been compiled -with UTF-8 support. All patterns (including those for any --exclude and ---include options) and all lines that are scanned must be valid strings -of UTF-8 characters. If an invalid UTF-8 string is encountered, an error -occurs. +Operate in UTF/Unicode mode. This option is available only if PCRE2 has been +compiled with UTF-8 support. All patterns (including those for any +--exclude and --include options) and all lines that are scanned +must be valid strings of UTF-8 characters. If an invalid UTF-8 string is +encountered, an error occurs.
-U, --utf-allow-invalid @@ -839,6 +873,13 @@ pattern and ")$" at the end. This option applies only to the patterns that are matched against the contents of files; it does not apply to patterns specified by any of the --include or --exclude options.
++-Z, --null +Terminate files names in the regular output with a zero byte (the NUL +character) instead of what would normally appear. This is useful when file +names contain unusual characters such as colons, hyphens, or even newlines. The +option does not apply to file names in error messages. +
The environment variables LC_ALL and LC_CTYPE are examined, in that @@ -871,25 +912,27 @@ ends of output lines that are copied from the input is not converted to standard output must end with "\r\n". For all other operating systems, and for all messages to the standard error stream, "\n" is used.
--Many of the short and long forms of pcre2grep's options are the same -as in the GNU grep program. Any long option of the form ---xxx-regexp (GNU terminology) is also available as --xxx-regex -(PCRE2 terminology). However, the --depth-limit, --file-list, ---file-offsets, --heap-limit, --include-dir, ---line-offsets, --locale, --match-limit, -M, ---multiline, -N, --newline, --om-separator, ---output, -u, --utf, -U, and --utf-allow-invalid -options are specific to pcre2grep, as is the use of the ---only-matching option with a capturing parentheses number. +Many of the short and long forms of pcre2grep's options are the same as +in the GNU grep program. Any long option of the form --xxx-regexp +(GNU terminology) is also available as --xxx-regex (PCRE2 terminology). +However, the --case-restrict, --depth-limit, -E, +--file-list, --file-offsets, --heap-limit, +--include-dir, --line-offsets, --locale, --match-limit, +-M, --multiline, -N, --newline, --no-ucp, +--om-separator, --output, -P, -u, --utf, +-U, and --utf-allow-invalid options are specific to +pcre2grep, as is the use of the --only-matching option with a +capturing parentheses number.
Although most of the common options work the same way, a few are different in pcre2grep. For example, the --include option's argument is a glob -for GNU grep, but a regular expression for pcre2grep. If both the --c and -l options are given, GNU grep lists only file names, -without counts, but pcre2grep gives the counts as well. +for GNU grep, but in pcre2grep it is a regular expression to which +the -i option applies. If both the -c and -l options are +given, GNU grep lists only file names, without counts, but pcre2grep +gives the counts as well.
@@ -1053,9 +1096,9 @@ Cambridge, England.
-Last updated: 31 August 2021
+Last updated: 08 February 2023
-Copyright © 1997-2021 University of Cambridge.
+Copyright © 1997-2023 University of Cambridge.
Return to the PCRE2 index page. diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2jit.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2jit.html index d89fa23..f0c65f4 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2jit.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2jit.html @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ one-off matches. JIT support is available for all of the 8-bit, 16-bit and
JIT support applies only to the traditional Perl-compatible matching function. It does not apply when the DFA matching function is being used. The code for -this support was written by Zoltan Herczeg. +JIT support was written by Zoltan Herczeg.
@@ -56,19 +56,33 @@ platforms: ARM 64-bit IBM s390x 64 bit Intel x86 32-bit and 64-bit + LoongArch 64 bit MIPS 32-bit and 64-bit Power PC 32-bit and 64-bit - SPARC 32-bit + RISC-V 32-bit and 64-bit If --enable-jit is set on an unsupported platform, compilation fails.
-A program can tell if JIT support is available by calling pcre2_config() -with the PCRE2_CONFIG_JIT option. The result is 1 when JIT is available, and 0 -otherwise. However, a simple program does not need to check this in order to -use JIT. The API is implemented in a way that falls back to the interpretive -code if JIT is not available. For programs that need the best possible -performance, there is also a "fast path" API that is JIT-specific. +A client program can tell if JIT support is available by calling +pcre2_config() with the PCRE2_CONFIG_JIT option. The result is one if +PCRE2 was built with JIT support, and zero otherwise. However, having the JIT +code available does not guarantee that it will be used for any particular +match. One reason for this is that there are a number of options and pattern +items that are +not supported by JIT +(see below). Another reason is that in some environments JIT is unable to get +memory in which to build its compiled code. The only guarantee from +pcre2_config() is that if it returns zero, JIT will definitely not +be used. +
++A simple program does not need to check availability in order to use JIT when +possible. The API is implemented in a way that falls back to the interpretive +code if JIT is not available or cannot be used for a given match. For programs +that need the best possible performance, there is a +"fast path" +API that is JIT-specific.
@@ -127,9 +141,10 @@ below.
There are some pcre2_match() options that are not supported by JIT, and there are also some pattern items that JIT cannot handle. Details are given -below. In both cases, matching automatically falls back to the interpretive -code. If you want to know whether JIT was actually used for a particular match, -you should arrange for a JIT callback function to be set up as described in the +below. +In both cases, matching automatically falls back to the interpretive code. If +you want to know whether JIT was actually used for a particular match, you +should arrange for a JIT callback function to be set up as described in the section entitled "Controlling the JIT stack" below, even if you do not need to supply a non-default JIT stack. Such a @@ -139,12 +154,14 @@ not obeyed.
If the JIT compiler finds an unsupported item, no JIT data is generated. You -can find out if JIT matching is available after compiling a pattern by calling -pcre2_pattern_info() with the PCRE2_INFO_JITSIZE option. A non-zero -result means that JIT compilation was successful. A result of 0 means that JIT -support is not available, or the pattern was not processed by +can find out if JIT compilation was successful for a compiled pattern by +calling pcre2_pattern_info() with the PCRE2_INFO_JITSIZE option. A +non-zero result means that JIT compilation was successful. A result of 0 means +that JIT support is not available, or the pattern was not processed by pcre2_jit_compile(), or the JIT compiler was not able to handle the -pattern. +pattern. Successful JIT compilation does not, however, guarantee the use of JIT +at match time because there are some match time options that are not supported +by JIT.
@@ -154,15 +171,16 @@ checked at the start of matching and an error is generated if invalid UTF is detected. The PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK option can be passed to pcre2_match() to skip the check (for improved performance) if you are sure that a subject string is valid. If this option is used with an invalid string, the result is -undefined. +undefined. The calling program may crash or loop or otherwise misbehave.
However, a way of running matches on strings that may contain invalid UTF sequences is available. Calling pcre2_compile() with the PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF option has two effects: it tells the interpreter in pcre2_match() to support invalid UTF, and, if pcre2_jit_compile() -is called, the compiled JIT code also supports invalid UTF. Details of how this -support works, in both the JIT and the interpretive cases, is given in the +is subsequently called, the compiled JIT code also supports invalid UTF. +Details of how this support works, in both the JIT and the interpretive cases, +is given in the pcre2unicode documentation.
@@ -171,7 +189,7 @@ There is also an obsolete option for pcre2_jit_compile() called PCRE2_JIT_INVALID_UTF, which currently exists only for backward compatibility. It is superseded by the pcre2_compile() option PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF and should no longer be used. It may be removed in future. - +The pcre2_match() options that are supported for JIT matching are @@ -191,10 +209,10 @@ in a conditional group.
-When a pattern is matched using JIT matching, the return values are the same -as those given by the interpretive pcre2_match() code, with the addition -of one new error code: PCRE2_ERROR_JIT_STACKLIMIT. This means that the memory -used for the JIT stack was insufficient. See +When a pattern is matched using JIT, the return values are the same as those +given by the interpretive pcre2_match() code, with the addition of one +new error code: PCRE2_ERROR_JIT_STACKLIMIT. This means that the memory used for +the JIT stack was insufficient. See "Controlling the JIT stack" below for a discussion of JIT stack usage.
@@ -416,7 +434,7 @@ calls. pcre2_match_context_free(mcontext); pcre2_jit_stack_free(jit_stack); - +@@ -433,11 +451,10 @@ processed by pcre2_jit_compile()). The fast path function is called pcre2_jit_match(), and it takes exactly the same arguments as pcre2_match(). However, the subject string must be specified with a length; PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED is not supported. Unsupported -option bits (for example, PCRE2_ANCHORED, PCRE2_ENDANCHORED and -PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT) are ignored, as is the PCRE2_NO_JIT option. The -return values are also the same as for pcre2_match(), plus -PCRE2_ERROR_JIT_BADOPTION if a matching mode (partial or complete) is requested -that was not compiled. +option bits (for example, PCRE2_ANCHORED and PCRE2_ENDANCHORED) are ignored, as +is the PCRE2_NO_JIT option. The return values are also the same as for +pcre2_match(), plus PCRE2_ERROR_JIT_BADOPTION if a matching mode (partial +or complete) is requested that was not compiled.
When you call pcre2_match(), as well as testing for invalid options, a @@ -445,7 +462,11 @@ number of other sanity checks are performed on the arguments. For example, if the subject pointer is NULL but the length is non-zero, an immediate error is given. Also, unless PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK is set, a UTF subject string is tested for validity. In the interests of speed, these checks do not happen on the JIT -fast path, and if invalid data is passed, the result is undefined. +fast path. If invalid UTF data is passed when PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF was not +set for pcre2_compile(), the result is undefined. The program may crash +or loop or give wrong results. In the absence of PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF you +should call pcre2_jit_match() in UTF mode only if you are sure the +subject is valid.
Bypassing the sanity checks and the pcre2_match() wrapping can give @@ -453,22 +474,22 @@ speedups of more than 10%.
-pcre2api(3) +pcre2api(3), pcre2unicode(3)
Philip Hazel (FAQ by Zoltan Herczeg)
-University Computing Service
+Retired from University Computing Service
Cambridge, England.
-Last updated: 30 November 2021
+Last updated: 23 January 2023
-Copyright © 1997-2021 University of Cambridge.
+Copyright © 1997-2023 University of Cambridge.
Return to the PCRE2 index page. diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2limits.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2limits.html index c8bc01b..8152ed2 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2limits.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2limits.html @@ -47,7 +47,12 @@ and unset offsets. All values in repeating quantifiers must be less than 65536.
-The maximum length of a lookbehind assertion is 65535 characters. +There are two different limits that apply to branches of lookbehind assertions. +If every branch in such an assertion matches a fixed number of characters, +the maximum length of any branch is 65535 characters. If any branch matches a +variable number of characters, then the maximum matching length for every +branch is limited. The default limit is set at compile time, defaulting to 255, +but can be changed by the calling program.
There is no limit to the number of parenthesized groups, but there can be no @@ -71,13 +76,18 @@ is 255 code units for the 8-bit library and 65535 code units for the 16-bit and The maximum length of a string argument to a callout is the largest number a 32-bit unsigned integer can hold.
++The maximum amount of heap memory used for matching is controlled by the heap +limit, which can be set in a pattern or in a match context. The default is a +very large number, effectively unlimited. +
Philip Hazel
-University Computing Service
+Retired from University Computing Service
Cambridge, England.
@@ -86,9 +96,9 @@ Cambridge, England.
REVISION
-Last updated: 02 February 2019
+Last updated: August 2023
-Copyright © 1997-2019 University of Cambridge.
+Copyright © 1997-2023 University of Cambridge.
Return to the PCRE2 index page. diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2pattern.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2pattern.html index 2c24301..06dcc33 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2pattern.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2pattern.html @@ -116,6 +116,9 @@ such as \d and \w to use Unicode properties to determine character types, instead of recognizing only characters with codes less than 256 via a lookup table. If also causes upper/lower casing operations to use Unicode properties for characters with code points greater than 127, even when UTF is not set. +These behaviours can be changed within the pattern; see the section entitled +"Internal Option Setting" +below.
Some applications that allow their users to supply patterns may wish to @@ -293,7 +296,9 @@ caseless matching is specified (the PCRE2_CASELESS option or (?i) within the pattern), letters are matched independently of case. Note that there are two ASCII characters, K and S, that, in addition to their lower case ASCII equivalents, are case-equivalent with Unicode U+212A (Kelvin sign) and U+017F -(long S) respectively when either PCRE2_UTF or PCRE2_UCP is set. +(long S) respectively when either PCRE2_UTF or PCRE2_UCP is set, unless the +PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT option is in force (either passed to +pcre2_compile() or set by (?r) within the pattern).
The power of regular expressions comes from the ability to include wild cards, @@ -318,8 +323,18 @@ are as follows: * 0 or more quantifier + 1 or more quantifier; also "possessive quantifier" ? 0 or 1 quantifier; also quantifier minimizer - { start min/max quantifier + { potential start of min/max quantifier +Brace characters { and } are also used to enclose data for constructions such +as \g{2} or \k{name}. In almost all uses of braces, space and/or horizontal +tab characters that follow { or precede } are allowed and are ignored. In the +case of quantifiers, they may also appear before or after the comma. The +exception to this is \u{...} which is an ECMAScript compatibility feature +that is recognized only when the PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX option is set. ECMAScript +does not ignore such white space; it causes the item to be interpreted as +literal. +
+Part of a pattern that is in square brackets is called a "character class". In a character class the only metacharacters are:
@@ -330,11 +345,11 @@ a character class the only metacharacters are: ] terminates the character classIf a pattern is compiled with the PCRE2_EXTENDED option, most white space in -the pattern, other than in a character class, and characters between a # -outside a character class and the next newline, inclusive, are ignored. An -escaping backslash can be used to include a white space or a # character as -part of the pattern. If the PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE option is set, the same -applies, but in addition unescaped space and horizontal tab characters are +the pattern, other than in a character class, within a \Q...\E sequence, or +between a # outside a character class and the next newline, inclusive, are +ignored. An escaping backslash can be used to include a white space or a # +character as part of the pattern. If the PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE option is set, the +same applies, but in addition unescaped space and horizontal tab characters are ignored inside a character class. Note: only these two characters are ignored, not the full set of pattern white space characters that are ignored outside a character class. Option settings can be changed within a pattern; see the @@ -366,12 +381,14 @@ are treated as literals.
If you want to treat all characters in a sequence as literals, you can do so by -putting them between \Q and \E. This is different from Perl in that $ and @ -are handled as literals in \Q...\E sequences in PCRE2, whereas in Perl, $ and -@ cause variable interpolation. Also, Perl does "double-quotish backslash -interpolation" on any backslashes between \Q and \E which, its documentation -says, "may lead to confusing results". PCRE2 treats a backslash between \Q and -\E just like any other character. Note the following examples: +putting them between \Q and \E. Note that this includes white space even when +the PCRE2_EXTENDED option is set so that most other white space is ignored. The +behaviour is different from Perl in that $ and @ are handled as literals in +\Q...\E sequences in PCRE2, whereas in Perl, $ and @ cause variable +interpolation. Also, Perl does "double-quotish backslash interpolation" on any +backslashes between \Q and \E which, its documentation says, "may lead to +confusing results". PCRE2 treats a backslash between \Q and \E just like any +other character. Note the following examples:
Pattern PCRE2 matches Perl matches @@ -385,8 +402,8 @@ The \Q...\E sequence is recognized both inside and outside character classes. An isolated \E that is not preceded by \Q is ignored. If \Q is not followed by \E later in the pattern, the literal interpretation continues to the end of the pattern (that is, \E is assumed at the end). If the isolated \Q is inside -a character class, this causes an error, because the character class is not -terminated by a closing square bracket. +a character class, this causes an error, because the character class is then +not terminated by a closing square bracket.+Note that white space inside \Q...\E is always treated as literal, even if +PCRE2_EXTENDED is set, causing most other white space to be ignored. + +
Non-printing characters @@ -400,7 +417,7 @@ instead of the binary character it represents. In an ASCII or Unicode environment, these escapes are as follows:\a alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07) - \cx "control-x", where x is any printable ASCII character + \cx "control-x", where x is a non-control ASCII character \e escape (hex 1B) \f form feed (hex 0C) \n linefeed (hex 0A) @@ -437,8 +454,9 @@ interpreted as a literal "u" character.PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX has the same effect as PCRE2_ALT_BSUX and, in addition, \u{hhh..} is recognized as the character specified by hexadecimal code point. -There may be any number of hexadecimal digits. This syntax is from ECMAScript -6. +There may be any number of hexadecimal digits, but unlike other places that +also use curly brackets, spaces are not allowed and would result in the string +being interpreted as a literal. This syntax is from ECMAScript 6.
The \N{U+hhh..} escape sequence is recognized only when PCRE2 is operating in @@ -454,12 +472,13 @@ pattern is converted to \n so that it matches a LF (linefeed) instead of a CR (carriage return) character.
-The precise effect of \cx on ASCII characters is as follows: if x is a lower -case letter, it is converted to upper case. Then bit 6 of the character (hex -40) is inverted. Thus \cA to \cZ become hex 01 to hex 1A (A is 41, Z is 5A), -but \c{ becomes hex 3B ({ is 7B), and \c; becomes hex 7B (; is 3B). If the -code unit following \c has a value less than 32 or greater than 126, a -compile-time error occurs. +An error occurs if \c is not followed by a character whose ASCII code point +is in the range 32 to 126. The precise effect of \cx is as follows: if x is a +lower case letter, it is converted to upper case. Then bit 6 of the character +(hex 40) is inverted. Thus \cA to \cZ become hex 01 to hex 1A (A is 41, Z is +5A), but \c{ becomes hex 3B ({ is 7B), and \c; becomes hex 7B (; is 3B). If +the code unit following \c has a code point less than 32 or greater than 126, +a compile-time error occurs.
When PCRE2 is compiled in EBCDIC mode, \N{U+hhh..} is not supported. \a, \e, @@ -501,8 +520,8 @@ to be unambiguously specified.
For greater clarity and unambiguity, it is best to avoid following \ by a -digit greater than zero. Instead, use \o{} or \x{} to specify numerical -character code points, and \g{} to specify backreferences. The following +digit greater than zero. Instead, use \o{...} or \x{...} to specify numerical +character code points, and \g{...} to specify backreferences. The following paragraphs describe the old, ambiguous syntax.
@@ -673,15 +692,27 @@ determine character types, as follows:
\d any character that matches \p{Nd} (decimal digit) \s any character that matches \p{Z} or \h or \v - \w any character that matches \p{L} or \p{N}, plus underscore + \w any character that matches \p{L}, \p{N}, \p{Mn}, or \p{Pc}+The addition of \p{Mn} (non-spacing mark) and the replacement of an explicit +test for underscore with a test for \p{Pc} (connector punctuation) happened in +PCRE2 release 10.43. This brings PCRE2 into line with Perl. + +The upper case escapes match the inverse sets of characters. Note that \d matches only decimal digits, whereas \w matches any Unicode digit, as well as -any Unicode letter, and underscore. Note also that PCRE2_UCP affects \b, and +other character categories. Note also that PCRE2_UCP affects \b, and \B because they are defined in terms of \w and \W. Matching these sequences is noticeably slower when PCRE2_UCP is set.
+The effect of PCRE2_UCP on any one of these escape sequences can be negated by +the options PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSD, PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSS, and +PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSW, respectively. These options can be set and reset within +a pattern by means of an internal option setting +(see below). +
+The sequences \h, \H, \v, and \V, in contrast to the other sequences, which match only ASCII characters by default, always match a specific list of code points, whether or not PCRE2_UCP is set. The horizontal space characters are: @@ -1043,7 +1074,8 @@ property. Xps matches the characters tab, linefeed, vertical tab, form feed, or carriage return, and any other character that has the Z (separator) property. Xsp is the same as Xps; in PCRE1 it used to exclude vertical tab, for Perl compatibility, but Perl changed. Xwd matches the same characters as Xan, plus -underscore. +those that match Mn (non-spacing mark) or Pc (connector punctuation, which +includes underscore).
There is another non-standard property, Xuc, which matches any character that @@ -1073,10 +1105,10 @@ with anchoring in any way. The pattern: matches only when the subject begins with "foobar" (in single line mode), though it again reports the matched string as "bar". This feature is similar to a lookbehind assertion -(described below). -However, in this case, the part of the subject before the real match does not -have to be of fixed length, as lookbehind assertions do. The use of \K does -not interfere with the setting of +(described below), +but the part of the pattern that precedes \K is not constrained to match a +limited number of characters, as is required for a lookbehind assertion. The +use of \K does not interfere with the setting of captured substrings. For example, when the pattern
@@ -1489,7 +1521,7 @@ are: The default "space" characters are HT (9), LF (10), VT (11), FF (12), CR (13), and space (32). If locale-specific matching is taking place, the list of space characters may be different; there may be fewer or more of them. "Space" and -\s match the same set of characters. +\s match the same set of characters, as do "word" and \w.The name "word" is a Perl extension, and "blank" is a GNU extension from Perl @@ -1505,10 +1537,10 @@ supported, and an error is given if they are encountered.
By default, characters with values greater than 127 do not match any of the POSIX character classes, although this may be different for characters in the -range 128-255 when locale-specific matching is happening. However, if the -PCRE2_UCP option is passed to pcre2_compile(), some of the classes are -changed so that Unicode character properties are used. This is achieved by -replacing certain POSIX classes with other sequences, as follows: +range 128-255 when locale-specific matching is happening. However, in UCP mode, +unless certain options are set (see below), some of the classes are changed so +that Unicode character properties are used. This is achieved by replacing +POSIX classes with other sequences, as follows:
[:alnum:] becomes \p{Xan} [:alpha:] becomes \p{L} @@ -1520,7 +1552,7 @@ replacing certain POSIX classes with other sequences, as follows: [:upper:] becomes \p{Lu} [:word:] becomes \p{Xwd}-Negated versions, such as [:^alpha:] use \P instead of \p. Three other POSIX +Negated versions, such as [:^alpha:] use \P instead of \p. Four other POSIX classes are handled specially in UCP mode:@@ -1547,8 +1579,22 @@ plus those characters with code points less than 256 that have the S (Symbol) property.
-The other POSIX classes are unchanged, and match only characters with code -points less than 256. +[:xdigit:] +In addition to the ASCII hexadecimal digits, this also matches the "fullwidth" +versions of those characters, whose Unicode code points start at U+FF10. This +is a change that was made in PCRE release 10.43 for Perl compatibility. +
++The other POSIX classes are unchanged by PCRE2_UCP, and match only characters +with code points less than 256. +
++There are two options that can be used to restrict the POSIX classes to ASCII +characters when PCRE2_UCP is set. The option PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT affects +just [:digit:] and [:xdigit:]. Within a pattern, this can be set and unset by +(?aT) and (?-aT). The PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX option disables UCP processing +for all POSIX classes, including [:digit:] and [:xdigit:]. Within a pattern, +(?aP) and (?-aP) set and unset both these options for consistency.
COMPATIBILITY FEATURE FOR WORD BOUNDARIES
@@ -1567,7 +1613,9 @@ at the start and the end of a word (see "Simple assertions" above), and in a Perl-style pattern the preceding or following character normally shows which is wanted, without the need for the assertions that are -used above in order to give exactly the POSIX behaviour. +used above in order to give exactly the POSIX behaviour. Note also that the +PCRE2_UCP option changes the meaning of \w (and therefore \b) by default, so +it also affects these POSIX sequences.
VERTICAL BAR
@@ -1586,10 +1634,9 @@ alternative in the group.
INTERNAL OPTION SETTING
-The settings of the PCRE2_CASELESS, PCRE2_MULTILINE, PCRE2_DOTALL, -PCRE2_EXTENDED, PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE, and PCRE2_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE options can be -changed from within the pattern by a sequence of letters enclosed between "(?" -and ")". These options are Perl-compatible, and are described in detail in the +The settings of several options can be changed within a pattern by a sequence +of letters enclosed between "(?" and ")". The following are Perl-compatible, +and are described in detail in the pcre2api documentation. The option letters are:
@@ -1602,8 +1649,8 @@ documentation. The option letters are:For example, (?im) sets caseless, multiline matching. It is also possible to unset these options by preceding the relevant letters with a hyphen, for -example (?-im). The two "extended" options are not independent; unsetting either -one cancels the effects of both of them. +example (?-im). The two "extended" options are not independent; unsetting +either one cancels the effects of both of them.A combined setting and unsetting such as (?im-sx), which sets PCRE2_CASELESS @@ -1614,27 +1661,44 @@ setting "(?)" is allowed. Needless to say, it has no effect.
If the first character following (? is a circumflex, it causes all of the above -options to be unset. Thus, (?^) is equivalent to (?-imnsx). Letters may follow -the circumflex to cause some options to be re-instated, but a hyphen may not -appear. +options to be unset. Letters may follow the circumflex to cause some options to +be re-instated, but a hyphen may not appear.
-The PCRE2-specific options PCRE2_DUPNAMES and PCRE2_UNGREEDY can be changed in -the same way as the Perl-compatible options by using the characters J and U -respectively. However, these are not unset by (?^). +Some PCRE2-specific options can be changed by the same mechanism using these +pairs or individual letters: +
+ aD for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSD + aS for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSS + aW for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSW + aP for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX and PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT + aT for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT + r for PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT + J for PCRE2_DUPNAMES + U for PCRE2_UNGREEDY ++However, except for 'r', these are not unset by (?^), which is equivalent to +(?-imnrsx). If 'a' is not followed by any of the upper case letters shown +above, it sets (or unsets) all the ASCII options.-When one of these option changes occurs at top level (that is, not inside -group parentheses), the change applies to the remainder of the pattern -that follows. An option change within a group (see below for a description -of groups) affects only that part of the group that follows it, so +PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT has no additional effect when PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX +is set, but including it in (?aP) means that (?-aP) suppresses all ASCII +restrictions for POSIX classes. +
++When one of these option changes occurs at top level (that is, not inside group +parentheses), the change applies until a subsequent change, or the end of the +pattern. An option change within a group (see below for a description of +groups) affects only that part of the group that follows it. At the end of the +group these options are reset to the state they were before the group. For +example,
(a(?i)b)c-matches abc and aBc and no other strings (assuming PCRE2_CASELESS is not used). -By this means, options can be made to have different settings in different -parts of the pattern. Any changes made in one alternative do carry on -into subsequent branches within the same group. For example, +matches abc and aBc and no other strings (assuming PCRE2_CASELESS is not set +externally). Any changes made in one alternative do carry on into subsequent +branches within the same group. For example,(a(?i)b|c)@@ -1663,7 +1727,7 @@ Details are given in the section entitled above. There are also the (*UTF) and (*UCP) leading sequences that can be used to set UTF and Unicode property modes; they are equivalent to setting the PCRE2_UTF and PCRE2_UCP options, respectively. However, the application can set -the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF and PCRE2_NEVER_UCP options, which lock out the use of the +the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF or PCRE2_NEVER_UCP options, which lock out the use of the (*UTF) and (*UCP) sequences.
GROUPS
@@ -1890,7 +1954,7 @@ documentation.
REPETITION
-Repetition is specified by quantifiers, which can follow any of the following +Repetition is specified by quantifiers, which may follow any one of these items:
a literal data character @@ -1898,16 +1962,17 @@ items: the \C escape sequence the \R escape sequence the \X escape sequence - an escape such as \d or \pL that matches a single character + any escape sequence that matches a single character a character class a backreference a parenthesized group (including lookaround assertions) a subroutine call (recursive or otherwise)-The general repetition quantifier specifies a minimum and maximum number of -permitted matches, by giving the two numbers in curly brackets (braces), -separated by a comma. The numbers must be less than 65536, and the first must -be less than or equal to the second. For example, +If a quantifier does not follow a repeatable item, an error occurs. The +general repetition quantifier specifies a minimum and maximum number of +permitted matches by giving two numbers in curly brackets (braces), separated +by a comma. The numbers must be less than 65536, and the first must be less +than or equal to the second. For example,z{2,4}@@ -1922,10 +1987,23 @@ matches at least 3 successive vowels, but may match many more, whereas\d{8}-matches exactly 8 digits. An opening curly bracket that appears in a position -where a quantifier is not allowed, or one that does not match the syntax of a -quantifier, is taken as a literal character. For example, {,6} is not a -quantifier, but a literal string of four characters. +matches exactly 8 digits. If the first number is omitted, the lower limit is +taken as zero; in this case the upper limit must be present. ++ X{,4} is interpreted as X{0,4} ++This is a change in behaviour that happened in Perl 5.34.0 and PCRE2 10.43. In +earlier versions such a sequence was not interpreted as a quantifier. Other +regular expression engines may behave either way. + ++If the characters that follow an opening brace do not match the syntax of a +quantifier, the brace is taken as a literal character. In particular, this +means that {,} is a literal string of three characters. +
++Note that not every opening brace is potentially the start of a quantifier +because braces are used in other items such as \N{U+345} or \k{name}.
In UTF modes, quantifiers apply to characters rather than to individual code @@ -1966,11 +2044,11 @@ any of the iterations if a subsequent item fails to match.
By default, quantifiers are "greedy", that is, they match as much as possible -(up to the maximum number of permitted times), without causing the rest of the -pattern to fail. The classic example of where this gives problems is in trying -to match comments in C programs. These appear between /* and */ and within the -comment, individual * and / characters may appear. An attempt to match C -comments by applying the pattern +(up to the maximum number of permitted repetitions), without causing the rest +of the pattern to fail. The classic example of where this gives problems is in +trying to match comments in C programs. These appear between /* and */ and +within the comment, individual * and / characters may appear. An attempt to +match C comments by applying the pattern
/\*.*\*/@@ -1985,10 +2063,10 @@ pattern/\*.*?\*/-does the right thing with the C comments. The meaning of the various -quantifiers is not otherwise changed, just the preferred number of matches. -Do not confuse this use of question mark with its use as a quantifier in its -own right. Because it has two uses, it can sometimes appear doubled, as in +does the right thing with C comments. The meaning of the various quantifiers is +not otherwise changed, just the preferred number of matches. Do not confuse +this use of question mark with its use as a quantifier in its own right. +Because it has two uses, it can sometimes appear doubled, as in\d??\d@@ -2206,16 +2284,24 @@ the reference. A signed number is a relative reference. Consider this example:(abc(def)ghi)\g{-1}-The sequence \g{-1} is a reference to the most recently started capture group -before \g, that is, is it equivalent to \2 in this example. Similarly, -\g{-2} would be equivalent to \1. The use of relative references can be -helpful in long patterns, and also in patterns that are created by joining -together fragments that contain references within themselves. +The sequence \g{-1} is a reference to the capture group whose number is one +less than the number of the next group to be started, so in this example (where +the next group would be numbered 3) is it equivalent to \2, and \g{-2} would +be equivalent to \1. Note that if this construct is inside a capture group, +that group is included in the count, so in this example \g{-2} also refers to +group 1: ++ (A)(\g{-2}B) ++The use of relative references can be helpful in long patterns, and also in +patterns that are created by joining together fragments that contain references +within themselves.-The sequence \g{+1} is a reference to the next capture group. This kind of -forward reference can be useful in patterns that repeat. Perl does not support -the use of + in this way. +The sequence \g{+1} is a reference to the next capture group that is started +after this item, and \g{+2} refers to the one after that, and so on. This kind +of forward reference can be useful in patterns that repeat. Perl does not +support the use of + in this way.
A backreference matches whatever actually most recently matched the capture @@ -2237,11 +2323,11 @@ capture group is matched caselessly.
There are several different ways of writing backreferences to named capture -groups. The .NET syntax \k{name} and the Perl syntax \k<name> or \k'name' -are supported, as is the Python syntax (?P=name). Perl 5.10's unified -backreference syntax, in which \g can be used for both numeric and named -references, is also supported. We could rewrite the above example in any of the -following ways: +groups. The .NET syntax is \k{name}, the Python syntax is (?=name), and the +original Perl syntax is \k<name> or \k'name'. All of these are now supported +by both Perl and PCRE2. Perl 5.10's unified backreference syntax, in which \g +can be used for both numeric and named references, is also supported by PCRE2. +We could rewrite the above example in any of the following ways:
(?<p1>(?i)rah)\s+\k<p1> (?'p1'(?i)rah)\s+\k{p1} @@ -2420,39 +2506,32 @@ negative assertions. For example, (?<!foo)bardoes find an occurrence of "bar" that is not preceded by "foo". The contents of -a lookbehind assertion are restricted such that all the strings it matches must -have a fixed length. However, if there are several top-level alternatives, they -do not all have to have the same fixed length. Thus -- (?<=bullock|donkey) --is permitted, but -- (?<!dogs?|cats?) --causes an error at compile time. Branches that match different length strings -are permitted only at the top level of a lookbehind assertion. This is an -extension compared with Perl, which requires all branches to match the same -length of string. An assertion such as +a lookbehind assertion are restricted such that there must be a known maximum +to the lengths of all the strings it matches. There are two cases: + ++If every top-level alternative matches a fixed length, for example
- (?<=ab(c|de)) + (?<=colour|color)-is not permitted, because its single top-level branch can match two different -lengths, but it is acceptable to PCRE2 if rewritten to use two top-level -branches: +there is a limit of 65535 characters to the lengths, which do not have to be +the same, as this example demonstrates. This is the only kind of lookbehind +supported by PCRE2 versions earlier than 10.43 and by the alternative matching +function pcre2_dfa_match(). + ++In PCRE2 10.43 and later, pcre2_match() supports lookbehind assertions in +which one or more top-level alternatives can match more than one string length, +for example
- (?<=abc|abde) + (?<=colou?r)-In some cases, the escape sequence \K +The maximum matching length for any branch of the lookbehind is limited to a +value set by the calling program (default 255 characters). Unlimited repetition +(for example \d*) is not supported. In some cases, the escape sequence \K (see above) -can be used instead of a lookbehind assertion to get round the fixed-length -restriction. - --The implementation of lookbehind assertions is, for each alternative, to -temporarily move the current position back by the fixed length and then try to -match. If there are insufficient characters before the current position, the -assertion fails. +can be used instead of a lookbehind assertion at the start of a pattern to get +round the length limit restriction.
In UTF-8 and UTF-16 modes, PCRE2 does not allow the \C escape (which matches a @@ -2464,27 +2543,27 @@ permitted in lookbehinds.
"Subroutine" calls (see below) such as (?2) or (?&X) are permitted in lookbehinds, as long -as the called capture group matches a fixed-length string. However, +as the called capture group matches a limited-length string. However, recursion, that is, a "subroutine" call into a group that is already active, is not supported.
-Perl does not support backreferences in lookbehinds. PCRE2 does support them, -but only if certain conditions are met. The PCRE2_MATCH_UNSET_BACKREF option -must not be set, there must be no use of (?| in the pattern (it creates -duplicate group numbers), and if the backreference is by name, the name -must be unique. Of course, the referenced group must itself match a fixed -length substring. The following pattern matches words containing at least two -characters that begin and end with the same character: +PCRE2 supports backreferences in lookbehinds, but only if certain conditions +are met. The PCRE2_MATCH_UNSET_BACKREF option must not be set, there must be no +use of (?| in the pattern (it creates duplicate group numbers), and if the +backreference is by name, the name must be unique. Of course, the referenced +group must itself match a limited length substring. The following pattern +matches words containing at least two characters that begin and end with the +same character:
\b(\w)\w++(?<=\1)Possessive quantifiers can be used in conjunction with lookbehind assertions to -specify efficient matching of fixed-length strings at the end of subject -strings. Consider a simple pattern such as +specify efficient matching at the end of subject strings. Consider a simple +pattern such as
abcd$@@ -2545,11 +2624,10 @@ characters that are not "999".
NON-ATOMIC ASSERTIONS
-The traditional Perl-compatible lookaround assertions are atomic. That is, if -an assertion is true, but there is a subsequent matching failure, there is no -backtracking into the assertion. However, there are some cases where non-atomic -positive assertions can be useful. PCRE2 provides these using the following -syntax: +Traditional lookaround assertions are atomic. That is, if an assertion is true, +but there is a subsequent matching failure, there is no backtracking into the +assertion. However, there are some cases where non-atomic positive assertions +can be useful. PCRE2 provides these using the following syntax:
(*non_atomic_positive_lookahead: or (*napla: or (?* (*non_atomic_positive_lookbehind: or (*naplb: or (?<* @@ -2700,13 +2778,14 @@ If the text between the parentheses consists of a sequence of digits, the condition is true if a capture group of that number has previously matched. If there is more than one capture group with the same number (see the earlier section about duplicate group numbers), -the condition is true if any of them have matched. An alternative notation is -to precede the digits with a plus or minus sign. In this case, the group number -is relative rather than absolute. The most recently opened capture group can be -referenced by (?(-1), the next most recent by (?(-2), and so on. Inside loops -it can also make sense to refer to subsequent groups. The next capture group -can be referenced as (?(+1), and so on. (The value zero in any of these forms -is not used; it provokes a compile-time error.) +the condition is true if any of them have matched. An alternative notation, +which is a PCRE2 extension, not supported by Perl, is to precede the digits +with a plus or minus sign. In this case, the group number is relative rather +than absolute. The most recently opened capture group (which could be enclosing +this condition) can be referenced by (?(-1), the next most recent by (?(-2), +and so on. Inside loops it can also make sense to refer to subsequent groups. +The next capture group to be opened can be referenced as (?(+1), and so on. The +value zero in any of these forms is not used; it provokes a compile-time error.Consider the following pattern, which contains non-significant white space to @@ -2843,7 +2922,6 @@ Assertion conditions If the condition is not in any of the above formats, it must be a parenthesized assertion. This may be a positive or negative lookahead or lookbehind assertion. However, it must be a traditional atomic assertion, not one of the -PCRE2-specific non-atomic assertions.
@@ -3766,9 +3844,9 @@ Cambridge, England.
REVISION
-Last updated: 12 January 2022 +Last updated: 12 October 2023
-Copyright © 1997-2022 University of Cambridge. +Copyright © 1997-2023 University of Cambridge.
Return to the PCRE2 index page. diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2perform.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2perform.html index 80d716c..55fdf20 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2perform.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2perform.html @@ -83,12 +83,31 @@ From release 10.30, the interpretive (non-JIT) version of pcre2_match() uses very little system stack at run time. In earlier releases recursive function calls could use a great deal of stack, and this could cause problems, but this usage has been eliminated. Backtracking positions are now explicitly -remembered in memory frames controlled by the code. An initial 20KiB vector of -frames is allocated on the system stack (enough for about 100 frames for small -patterns), but if this is insufficient, heap memory is used. The amount of heap -memory can be limited; if the limit is set to zero, only the initial stack -vector is used. Rewriting patterns to be time-efficient, as described below, -may also reduce the memory requirements. +remembered in memory frames controlled by the code. +
++The size of each frame depends on the size of pointer variables and the number +of capturing parenthesized groups in the pattern being matched. On a 64-bit +system the frame size for a pattern with no captures is 128 bytes. For each +capturing group the size increases by 16 bytes. +
++Until release 10.41, an initial 20KiB frames vector was allocated on the system +stack, but this still caused some issues for multi-thread applications where +each thread has a very small stack. From release 10.41 backtracking memory +frames are always held in heap memory. An initial heap allocation is obtained +the first time any match data block is passed to pcre2_match(). This is +remembered with the match data block and re-used if that block is used for +another match. It is freed when the match data block itself is freed. +
++The size of the initial block is the larger of 20KiB or ten times the pattern's +frame size, unless the heap limit is less than this, in which case the heap +limit is used. If the initial block proves to be too small during matching, it +is replaced by a larger block, subject to the heap limit. The heap limit is +checked only when a new block is to be allocated. Reducing the heap limit +between calls to pcre2_match() with the same match data block does not +affect the saved block.
In contrast to pcre2_match(), pcre2_dfa_match() does use recursive @@ -245,16 +264,16 @@ pattern to match. This is done by repeatedly matching with different limits.
Philip Hazel
-University Computing Service +Retired from University Computing Service
Cambridge, England.
REVISION
-Last updated: 03 February 2019 +Last updated: 27 July 2022
-Copyright © 1997-2019 University of Cambridge. +Copyright © 1997-2022 University of Cambridge.
Return to the PCRE2 index page. diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2posix.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2posix.html index 0ad6f9e..5358c99 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2posix.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2posix.html @@ -68,7 +68,13 @@ application. Because the POSIX functions call the native ones, it is also necessary to add -lpcre2-8.
-Although they were not defined as protypes in pcre2posix.h, releases +On Windows systems, if you are linking to a DLL version of the library, it is +recommended that PCRE2POSIX_SHARED is defined before including the +pcre2posix.h header, as it will allow for a more efficient way to +invoke the functions by adding the __declspec(dllimport) decorator. +
++Although they were not defined as prototypes in pcre2posix.h, releases 10.33 to 10.36 of the library contained functions with the POSIX names regcomp() etc. These simply passed their arguments to the PCRE2 functions. These functions were provided for backwards compatibility with diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2serialize.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2serialize.html index df4098e..a492305 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2serialize.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2serialize.html @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ of serialized patterns, or one of the following negative error codes:
PCRE2_ERROR_BADDATA the number of patterns is zero or less PCRE2_ERROR_BADMAGIC mismatch of id bytes in one of the patterns - PCRE2_ERROR_MEMORY memory allocation failed + PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY memory allocation failed PCRE2_ERROR_MIXEDTABLES the patterns do not all use the same tables PCRE2_ERROR_NULL the 1st, 3rd, or 4th argument is NULLdiff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2syntax.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2syntax.html index 8364c52..566aaf7 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2syntax.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2syntax.html @@ -15,35 +15,36 @@ please consult the man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
- PCRE2 REGULAR EXPRESSION SYNTAX SUMMARY
- QUOTING -
- ESCAPED CHARACTERS -
- CHARACTER TYPES -
- GENERAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P -
- PCRE2 SPECIAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P -
- BINARY PROPERTIES FOR \p AND \P -
- SCRIPT MATCHING WITH \p AND \P -
- THE BIDI_CLASS PROPERTY FOR \p AND \P -
- CHARACTER CLASSES -
- QUANTIFIERS -
- ANCHORS AND SIMPLE ASSERTIONS -
- REPORTED MATCH POINT SETTING -
- ALTERNATION -
- CAPTURING -
- ATOMIC GROUPS -
- COMMENT -
- OPTION SETTING -
- NEWLINE CONVENTION -
- WHAT \R MATCHES -
- LOOKAHEAD AND LOOKBEHIND ASSERTIONS -
- NON-ATOMIC LOOKAROUND ASSERTIONS -
- SCRIPT RUNS -
- BACKREFERENCES -
- SUBROUTINE REFERENCES (POSSIBLY RECURSIVE) -
- CONDITIONAL PATTERNS -
- BACKTRACKING CONTROL -
- CALLOUTS -
- SEE ALSO -
- AUTHOR -
- REVISION +
- BRACED ITEMS +
- ESCAPED CHARACTERS +
- CHARACTER TYPES +
- GENERAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P +
- PCRE2 SPECIAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P +
- BINARY PROPERTIES FOR \p AND \P +
- SCRIPT MATCHING WITH \p AND \P +
- THE BIDI_CLASS PROPERTY FOR \p AND \P +
- CHARACTER CLASSES +
- QUANTIFIERS +
- ANCHORS AND SIMPLE ASSERTIONS +
- REPORTED MATCH POINT SETTING +
- ALTERNATION +
- CAPTURING +
- ATOMIC GROUPS +
- COMMENT +
- OPTION SETTING +
- NEWLINE CONVENTION +
- WHAT \R MATCHES +
- LOOKAHEAD AND LOOKBEHIND ASSERTIONS +
- NON-ATOMIC LOOKAROUND ASSERTIONS +
- SCRIPT RUNS +
- BACKREFERENCES +
- SUBROUTINE REFERENCES (POSSIBLY RECURSIVE) +
- CONDITIONAL PATTERNS +
- BACKTRACKING CONTROL +
- CALLOUTS +
- SEE ALSO +
- AUTHOR +
- REVISION
PCRE2 REGULAR EXPRESSION SYNTAX SUMMARY
@@ -57,15 +58,27 @@ documentation. This document contains a quick-reference summary of the syntax.
\x where x is non-alphanumeric is a literal x \Q...\E treat enclosed characters as literal -+
+With one exception, wherever brace characters { and } are required to enclose +data for constructions such as \g{2} or \k{name}, space and/or horizontal tab +characters that follow { or precede } are allowed and are ignored. In the case +of quantifiers, they may also appear before or after the comma. The exception +is \u{...} which is not Perl-compatible and is recognized only when +PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX is set. This is an ECMAScript compatibility feature, and +follows ECMAScript's behaviour.
-This table applies to ASCII and Unicode environments. An unrecognized escape sequence causes an error.
\a alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07) - \cx "control-x", where x is any ASCII printing character + \cx "control-x", where x is a non-control ASCII character \e escape (hex 1B) \f form feed (hex 0C) \n newline (hex 0A) @@ -103,7 +116,7 @@ also given. \N{U+hh..} is synonymous with \x{hh..} in PCRE2 but is not supported in EBCDIC environments. Note that \N not followed by an opening curly bracket has a different meaning (see below). -
CHARACTER TYPES
+
CHARACTER TYPES
. any character except newline; @@ -136,14 +149,15 @@ or in the 16-bit and 32-bit libraries. However, if locale-specific matching is happening, \s and \w may also match characters with code points in the range 128-255. If the PCRE2_UCP option is set, the behaviour of these escape sequences is changed to use Unicode properties and they match many more -characters. +characters, but there are some option settings that can restrict individual +sequences to matching only ASCII characters.-Property descriptions in \p and \P are matched caselessly; hyphens, underscores, and white space are ignored, in accordance with Unicode's "loose matching" rules.
-
GENERAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P
+
GENERAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P
C Other @@ -193,7 +207,7 @@ matching" rules. Zs Space separator-
PCRE2 SPECIAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P
+
PCRE2 SPECIAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P
Xan Alphanumeric: union of properties L and N @@ -206,7 +220,7 @@ matching" rules. Perl and POSIX space are now the same. Perl added VT to its space character set at release 5.18. --
BINARY PROPERTIES FOR \p AND \P
+
BINARY PROPERTIES FOR \p AND \P
Unicode defines a number of binary properties, that is, properties whose only values are true or false. You can obtain a list of those that are recognized by @@ -215,7 +229,7 @@ values are true or false. You can obtain a list of those that are recognized by pcre2test -LP
SCRIPT MATCHING WITH \p AND \P
+
SCRIPT MATCHING WITH \p AND \P
Many script names and their 4-letter abbreviations are recognized in \p{sc:...} or \p{scx:...} items, or on their own with \p (and also \P of @@ -224,7 +238,7 @@ course). You can obtain a list of these scripts by running this command: pcre2test -LS
THE BIDI_CLASS PROPERTY FOR \p AND \P
+
THE BIDI_CLASS PROPERTY FOR \p AND \P
\p{Bidi_Class:<class>} matches a character with the given class @@ -257,7 +271,7 @@ The recognized classes are: WS which space-
CHARACTER CLASSES
+
CHARACTER CLASSES
[...] positive character class @@ -285,7 +299,7 @@ In PCRE2, POSIX character set names recognize only ASCII characters by default, but some of them use Unicode properties if PCRE2_UCP is set. You can use \Q...\E inside a character class. -
QUANTIFIERS
+
QUANTIFIERS
? 0 or 1, greedy @@ -304,9 +318,12 @@ but some of them use Unicode properties if PCRE2_UCP is set. You can use {n,} n or more, greedy {n,}+ n or more, possessive {n,}? n or more, lazy + {,m} zero up to m, greedy + {,m}+ zero up to m, possessive + {,m}? zero up to m, lazy-
ANCHORS AND SIMPLE ASSERTIONS
+
ANCHORS AND SIMPLE ASSERTIONS
\b word boundary @@ -324,7 +341,7 @@ but some of them use Unicode properties if PCRE2_UCP is set. You can use \G first matching position in subject-
REPORTED MATCH POINT SETTING
+
REPORTED MATCH POINT SETTING
\K set reported start of match @@ -334,13 +351,13 @@ for compatibility with Perl. However, if the PCRE2_EXTRA_ALLOW_LOOKAROUND_BSK option is set, the previous behaviour is re-enabled. When this option is set, \K is honoured in positive assertions, but ignored in negative ones. --
ALTERNATION
+
ALTERNATION
expr|expr|expr...-
CAPTURING
+
CAPTURING
(...) capture group @@ -355,35 +372,47 @@ In non-UTF modes, names may contain underscores and ASCII letters and digits; in UTF modes, any Unicode letters and Unicode decimal digits are permitted. In both cases, a name must not start with a digit. --
ATOMIC GROUPS
+
ATOMIC GROUPS
(?>...) atomic non-capture group (*atomic:...) atomic non-capture group-
COMMENT
+
COMMENT
(?#....) comment (not nestable)-
OPTION SETTING
+
OPTION SETTING
Changes of these options within a group are automatically cancelled at the end of the group.
+ (?a) all ASCII options + (?aD) restrict \d to ASCII in UCP mode + (?aS) restrict \s to ASCII in UCP mode + (?aW) restrict \w to ASCII in UCP mode + (?aP) restrict all POSIX classes to ASCII in UCP mode + (?aT) restrict POSIX digit classes to ASCII in UCP mode (?i) caseless (?J) allow duplicate named groups (?m) multiline (?n) no auto capture + (?r) restrict caseless to either ASCII or non-ASCII (?s) single line (dotall) (?U) default ungreedy (lazy) - (?x) extended: ignore white space except in classes + (?x) ignore white space except in classes or \Q...\E (?xx) as (?x) but also ignore space and tab in classes - (?-...) unset option(s) - (?^) unset imnsx options + (?-...) unset the given option(s) + (?^) unset imnrsx options+(?aP) implies (?aT) as well, though this has no additional effect. However, it +means that (?-aP) is really (?-PT) which disables all ASCII restrictions for +POSIX classes. + +Unsetting x or xx unsets both. Several options may be set at once, and a mixture of setting and unsetting such as (?i-x) is allowed, but there may be only one hyphen. Setting (but no unsetting) is allowed after (?^ for example @@ -413,7 +442,7 @@ not increase them. LIMIT_RECURSION is an obsolete synonym for LIMIT_DEPTH. The application can lock out the use of (*UTF) and (*UCP) by setting the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF or PCRE2_NEVER_UCP options, respectively, at compile time.
-
NEWLINE CONVENTION
+
NEWLINE CONVENTION
These are recognized only at the very start of the pattern or after option settings with a similar syntax. @@ -426,7 +455,7 @@ settings with a similar syntax. (*NUL) the NUL character (binary zero)
WHAT \R MATCHES
+
WHAT \R MATCHES
These are recognized only at the very start of the pattern or after option setting with a similar syntax. @@ -435,7 +464,7 @@ setting with a similar syntax. (*BSR_UNICODE) any Unicode newline sequence
LOOKAHEAD AND LOOKBEHIND ASSERTIONS
+
LOOKAHEAD AND LOOKBEHIND ASSERTIONS
(?=...) ) @@ -454,9 +483,14 @@ setting with a similar syntax. (*nlb:...) ) negative lookbehind (*negative_lookbehind:...) )-Each top-level branch of a lookbehind must be of a fixed length. +Each top-level branch of a lookbehind must have a limit for the number of +characters it matches. If any branch can match a variable number of characters, +the maximum for each branch is limited to a value set by the caller of +pcre2_compile() or defaulted. The default is set when PCRE2 is built +(ultimate default 255). If every branch matches a fixed number of characters, +the limit for each branch is 65535 characters. -
NON-ATOMIC LOOKAROUND ASSERTIONS
+
NON-ATOMIC LOOKAROUND ASSERTIONS
These assertions are specific to PCRE2 and are not Perl-compatible.
@@ -469,7 +503,7 @@ These assertions are specific to PCRE2 and are not Perl-compatible. (*non_atomic_positive_lookbehind:...) )-
SCRIPT RUNS
+
SCRIPT RUNS
(*script_run:...) ) script run, can be backtracked into @@ -479,7 +513,7 @@ These assertions are specific to PCRE2 and are not Perl-compatible. (*asr:...) )-
BACKREFERENCES
+
BACKREFERENCES
\n reference by number (can be ambiguous) @@ -496,7 +530,7 @@ These assertions are specific to PCRE2 and are not Perl-compatible. (?P=name) reference by name (Python)-
SUBROUTINE REFERENCES (POSSIBLY RECURSIVE)
+
SUBROUTINE REFERENCES (POSSIBLY RECURSIVE)
(?R) recurse whole pattern @@ -515,15 +549,15 @@ These assertions are specific to PCRE2 and are not Perl-compatible. \g'-n' call subroutine by relative number (PCRE2 extension)-
CONDITIONAL PATTERNS
+
CONDITIONAL PATTERNS
(?(condition)yes-pattern) (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern) (?(n) absolute reference condition - (?(+n) relative reference condition - (?(-n) relative reference condition + (?(+n) relative reference condition (PCRE2 extension) + (?(-n) relative reference condition (PCRE2 extension) (?(<name>) named reference condition (Perl) (?('name') named reference condition (Perl) (?(name) named reference condition (PCRE2, deprecated) @@ -538,7 +572,7 @@ Note the ambiguity of (?(R) and (?(Rn) which might be named reference conditions or recursion tests. Such a condition is interpreted as a reference condition if the relevant named group exists. -
BACKTRACKING CONTROL
+
BACKTRACKING CONTROL
All backtracking control verbs may be in the form (*VERB:NAME). For (*MARK) the name is mandatory, for the others it is optional. (*SKIP) changes its behaviour @@ -565,7 +599,7 @@ pattern is not anchored. The effect of one of these verbs in a group called as a subroutine is confined to the subroutine call.
-
CALLOUTS
+
CALLOUTS
(?C) callout (assumed number 0) @@ -576,12 +610,12 @@ The allowed string delimiters are ` ' " ^ % # $ (which are the same for the start and the end), and the starting delimiter { matched with the ending delimiter }. To encode the ending delimiter within the string, double it. -
SEE ALSO
+
SEE ALSO
pcre2pattern(3), pcre2api(3), pcre2callout(3), pcre2matching(3), pcre2(3).
-
AUTHOR
+
AUTHOR
Philip Hazel
-
@@ -590,11 +624,11 @@ Retired from University Computing Service Cambridge, England.
REVISION
+
REVISION
-Last updated: 12 January 2022 +Last updated: 12 October 2023
-Copyright © 1997-2022 University of Cambridge. +Copyright © 1997-2023 University of Cambridge.
Return to the PCRE2 index page. diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2test.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2test.html index 373e5df..fcad996 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2test.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2test.html @@ -138,15 +138,15 @@ error.
-16 -If the 16-bit library has been built, this option causes it to be used. If only -the 16-bit library has been built, this is the default. If the 16-bit library +If the 16-bit library has been built, this option causes it to be used. If the +8-bit library has not been built, this is the default. If the 16-bit library has not been built, this option causes an error.
-32 -If the 32-bit library has been built, this option causes it to be used. If only -the 32-bit library has been built, this is the default. If the 32-bit library -has not been built, this option causes an error. +If the 32-bit library has been built, this option causes it to be used. If no +other library has been built, this is the default. If the 32-bit library has +not been built, this option causes an error.
-ac @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ output, then exit with zero exit code. All other options are ignored. If both
-LS -List scripts: write a list of recogized Unicode script names to the standard +List scripts: write a list of recognized Unicode script names to the standard output, then exit with zero exit code. All other options are ignored. If both -C and any -Lx options are present, whichever is first is recognized.
@@ -507,8 +507,8 @@ followed by a backslash, for example,/abc/\-then a backslash is added to the end of the pattern. This is done to provide a -way of testing the error condition that arises if a pattern finishes with a +a backslash is added to the end of the pattern. This is done to provide a way +of testing the error condition that arises if a pattern finishes with a backslash, because/abc\/ @@ -612,12 +612,11 @@ Setting compilation optionsThe following modifiers set options for pcre2_compile(). Most of them set bits in the options argument of that function, but those whose names start with -PCRE2_EXTRA are additional options that are set in the compile context. For the -main options, there are some single-letter abbreviations that are the same as -Perl options. There is special handling for /x: if a second x is present, -PCRE2_EXTENDED is converted into PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE as in Perl. A third -appearance adds PCRE2_EXTENDED as well, though this makes no difference to the -way pcre2_compile() behaves. See +PCRE2_EXTRA are additional options that are set in the compile context. +Some of these options have single-letter abbreviations. There is special +handling for /x: if a second x is present, PCRE2_EXTENDED is converted into +PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE as in Perl. A third appearance adds PCRE2_EXTENDED as well, +though this makes no difference to the way pcre2_compile() behaves. See pcre2api for a description of the effects of these options.
@@ -628,9 +627,16 @@ for a description of the effects of these options. alt_circumflex set PCRE2_ALT_CIRCUMFLEX alt_verbnames set PCRE2_ALT_VERBNAMES anchored set PCRE2_ANCHORED + /a ascii_all set all ASCII options + ascii_bsd set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSD + ascii_bss set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSS + ascii_bsw set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSW + ascii_digit set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT + ascii_posix set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX auto_callout set PCRE2_AUTO_CALLOUT bad_escape_is_literal set PCRE2_EXTRA_BAD_ESCAPE_IS_LITERAL /i caseless set PCRE2_CASELESS + /r caseless_restrict set PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT dollar_endonly set PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY /s dotall set PCRE2_DOTALL dupnames set PCRE2_DUPNAMES @@ -690,10 +696,12 @@ heavily used in the test files. jitfast use JIT fast path jitverify verify JIT use locale=<name> use this locale - max_pattern_length=<n> set the maximum pattern length + max_pattern_length=<n> set maximum pattern length + max_varlookbehind=<n> set maximum variable lookbehind length memory show memory used newline=<type> set newline type null_context compile with a NULL context + null_pattern pass pattern as NULL parens_nest_limit=<n> set maximum parentheses depth posix use the POSIX API posix_nosub use the POSIX API with REG_NOSUB @@ -773,9 +781,11 @@ ending code units are recorded. The subject length line is omitted when when it can never be used.-The framesize modifier shows the size, in bytes, of the storage frames +The framesize modifier shows the size, in bytes, of each storage frame used by pcre2_match() for handling backtracking. The size depends on the -number of capturing parentheses in the pattern. +number of capturing parentheses in the pattern. A vector of these frames is +used at matching time; its overall size is shown when the heaframes_size +subject modifier is set.
The callout_info modifier requests information about all the callouts in @@ -793,6 +803,15 @@ testing that pcre2_compile() behaves correctly in this case (it uses default values).
+Passing a NULL pattern +
++The null_pattern modifier is for testing the behaviour of +pcre2_compile() when the pattern argument is NULL. The length value +passed is the default PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED unless use_length is set. +Any length other than zero causes an error. +
+
Specifying pattern characters in hexadecimal
@@ -830,6 +849,17 @@ If hex or use_length is used with the POSIX wrapper API (see below), the REG_PEND extension is used to pass the pattern's length.
+Specifying a maximum for variable lookbehinds +
++Variable lookbehind assertions are supported only if, for each one, there is a +maximum length (in characters) that it can match. There is a limit on this, +whose default can be set at build time, with an ultimate default of 255. The +max_varlookbehind modifier uses the pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind() +function to change the limit. Lookbehinds whose branches each match a fixed +length are limited to 65535 characters per branch. +
+
Specifying wide characters in 16-bit and 32-bit modes
@@ -1081,6 +1111,7 @@ process. allusedtext show all consulted text altglobal alternative global matching /g global global matching + heapframes_size show match data heapframes size jitstack=<n> set size of JIT stack mark show mark values replace=<string> specify a replacement string @@ -1241,10 +1272,12 @@ pattern, but can be overridden by modifiers on the subject. copy=<number or name> copy captured substring depth_limit=<n> set a depth limit dfa use pcre2_dfa_match() - find_limits find match and depth limits + find_limits find heap, match and depth limits + find_limits_noheap find match and depth limits get=<number or name> extract captured substring getall extract all captured substrings /g global global matching + heapframes_size show match data heapframes size heap_limit=<n> set a limit on heap memory (Kbytes) jitstack=<n> set size of JIT stack mark show mark values @@ -1367,7 +1400,7 @@ functions, unless callout_none is specified. Its behaviour can be controlled by various modifiers listed above whose names begin with callout_. Details are given in the section entitled "Callouts" below. -Testing callouts from pcre2_substitute() is decribed separately in +Testing callouts from pcre2_substitute() is described separately in "Testing the substitution function" below.
@@ -1564,7 +1597,7 @@ Setting heap, match, and depth limitsThe heap_limit, match_limit, and depth_limit modifiers set the appropriate limits in the match context. These values are ignored when the -find_limits modifier is specified. +find_limits or find_limits_noheap modifier is specified.
Finding minimum limits @@ -1574,8 +1607,12 @@ If the find_limits modifier is present on a subject line, pcre2testpcre2_set_heap_limit(), pcre2_set_match_limit(), or pcre2_set_depth_limit() until it finds -the minimum values for each parameter that allows the match to complete without -error. If JIT is being used, only the match limit is relevant. +the smallest value for each parameter that allows the match to complete without +a "limit exceeded" error. The match itself may succeed or fail. An alternative +modifier, find_limits_noheap, omits the heap limit. This is used in the +standard tests, because the minimum heap limit varies between systems. If JIT +is being used, only the match limit is relevant, and the other two are +automatically omitted.When using this modifier, the pattern should not contain any limit settings @@ -1603,9 +1640,7 @@ overall amount of computing resource that is used.
For both kinds of matching, the heap_limit number, which is in kibibytes -(units of 1024 bytes), limits the amount of heap memory used for matching. A -value of zero disables the use of any heap memory; many simple pattern matches -can be done without using the heap, so zero is not an unreasonable setting. +(units of 1024 bytes), limits the amount of heap memory used for matching.
Showing MARK names @@ -1623,16 +1658,32 @@ Showing memory usageThe memory modifier causes pcre2test to log the sizes of all heap memory allocation and freeing calls that occur during a call to -pcre2_match() or pcre2_dfa_match(). These occur only when a match -requires a bigger vector than the default for remembering backtracking points -(pcre2_match()) or for internal workspace (pcre2_dfa_match()). In -many cases there will be no heap memory used and therefore no additional -output. No heap memory is allocated during matching with JIT, so in that case -the memory modifier never has any effect. For this modifier to work, the +pcre2_match() or pcre2_dfa_match(). In the latter case, heap memory +is used only when a match requires more internal workspace that the default +allocation on the stack, so in many cases there will be no output. No heap +memory is allocated during matching with JIT. For this modifier to work, the null_context modifier must not be set on both the pattern and the subject, though it can be set on one or the other.
+Showing the heap frame overall vector size +
++The heapframes_size modifier is relevant for matches using +pcre2_match() without JIT. After a match has run (whether successful or +not) the size, in bytes, of the allocated heap frames vector that is left +attached to the match data block is shown. If the matching action involved +several calls to pcre2_match() (for example, global matching or for +timing) only the final value is shown. +
++This modifier is ignored, with a warning, for POSIX or DFA matching. JIT +matching does not use the heap frames vector, so the size is always zero, +unless there was a previous non-JIT match. Note that specifing a size of zero +for the output vector (see below) causes pcre2test to free its match data +block (and associated heap frames vector) and allocate a new one. +
+
Setting a starting offset
@@ -1663,9 +1714,9 @@ A value of zero is useful when testing the POSIX API because it causes regexec() to be called with a NULL capture vector. When not testing the POSIX API, a value of zero is used to cause pcre2_match_data_create_from_pattern() to be called, in order to create a -match block of exactly the right size for the pattern. (It is not possible to -create a match block with a zero-length ovector; there is always at least one -pair of offsets.) +new match block of exactly the right size for the pattern. (It is not possible +to create a match block with a zero-length ovector; there is always at least +one pair of offsets.) The old match data block is freed.
Passing the subject as zero-terminated @@ -1690,7 +1741,8 @@ Normally, pcre2test passes a context block to pcre2_match(), If the null_context modifier is set, however, NULL is passed. This is for testing that the matching and substitution functions behave correctly in this case (they use default values). This modifier cannot be used with the -find_limits or substitute_callout modifiers. +find_limits, find_limits_noheap, or substitute_callout +modifiers.Similarly, for testing purposes, if the null_subject or @@ -2120,7 +2172,7 @@ If jitverify is used with #pop, it does not automatically imply jit, which is different behaviour from when it is used on a pattern.
-The #popcopy command is analagous to the pushcopy modifier in that it +The #popcopy command is analogous to the pushcopy modifier in that it makes current a copy of the topmost stack pattern, leaving the original still on the stack.
@@ -2141,9 +2193,9 @@ Cambridge, England.
REVISION
-Last updated: 12 January 2022 +Last updated: 11 August 2023
-Copyright © 1997-2022 University of Cambridge. +Copyright © 1997-2023 University of Cambridge.
Return to the PCRE2 index page. diff --git a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2unicode.html b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2unicode.html index a0d4270..6f0972e 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2unicode.html +++ b/pcre2/doc/html/pcre2unicode.html @@ -52,9 +52,12 @@ When PCRE2 is built with Unicode support, the escape sequences \p{..}, \P{..}, and \X can be used. This is not dependent on the PCRE2_UTF setting. The Unicode properties that can be tested are a subset of those that Perl supports. Currently they are limited to the general category properties such as -Lu for an upper case letter or Nd for a decimal number, the Unicode script -names such as Arabic or Han, Bidi_Class, Bidi_Control, and the derived -properties Any and LC (synonym L&). Full lists are given in the +Lu for an upper case letter or Nd for a decimal number, the derived properties +Any and LC (synonym L&), the Unicode script names such as Arabic or Han, +Bidi_Class, Bidi_Control, and a few binary properties. +
++The full lists are given in the pcre2pattern and pcre2syntax @@ -118,21 +121,22 @@ and \B, because they are defined in terms of \w and \W. If you want to test for a wider sense of, say, "digit", you can use explicit Unicode property tests such as \p{Nd}. Alternatively, if you set the PCRE2_UCP option, the way that the character escapes work is changed so that Unicode properties -are used to determine which characters match. There are more details in the -section on +are used to determine which characters match, though there are some options +that suppress this for individual escapes. For details see the section on generic character types in the pcre2pattern documentation.
-Similarly, characters that match the POSIX named character classes are all -low-valued characters, unless the PCRE2_UCP option is set. +Like the escapes, characters that match the POSIX named character classes are +all low-valued characters unless the PCRE2_UCP option is set, but there is an +option to override this.
-However, the special horizontal and vertical white space matching escapes (\h, -\H, \v, and \V) do match all the appropriate Unicode characters, whether or -not PCRE2_UCP is set. +In contrast to the character escapes and character classes, the special +horizontal and vertical white space escapes (\h, \H, \v, and \V) do match +all the appropriate Unicode characters, whether or not PCRE2_UCP is set.
UNICODE CASE-EQUIVALENCE @@ -145,6 +149,14 @@ lookup is used for speed. A few Unicode characters such as Greek sigma have more than two code points that are case-equivalent, and these are treated specially. Setting PCRE2_UCP without PCRE2_UTF allows Unicode-style case processing for non-UTF character encodings such as UCS-2. + ++There are two ASCII characters (S and K) that, in addition to their ASCII lower +case equivalents, have a non-ASCII one as well (long S and Kelvin sign). +Recognition of these non-ASCII characters as case-equivalent to their ASCII +counterparts can be disabled by setting the PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT +option. When this is set, all characters in a case equivalence must either be +ASCII or non-ASCII; there can be no mixing.
SCRIPT RUNS @@ -432,6 +444,14 @@ PCRE2_UTF to be set as well. Note, however, that the pattern itself must be a valid UTF string.+If you do not set PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF when calling pcre2_compile, and +you are not certain that your subject strings are valid UTF sequences, you +should not make use of the JIT "fast path" function pcre2_jit_match() +because it bypasses sanity checks, including the one for UTF validity. An +invalid string may cause undefined behaviour, including looping, crashing, or +giving the wrong answer. +
+Setting PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF does not affect what pcre2_compile() generates, but if pcre2_jit_compile() is subsequently called, it does generate different code. If JIT is not used, the option affects the behaviour @@ -472,6 +492,12 @@ Using PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF, an application can run matches on arbitrary data, knowing that any matched strings that are returned are valid UTF. This can be useful when searching for UTF text in executable or other binary files.
++Note, however, that the 16-bit and 32-bit PCRE2 libraries process strings as +sequences of uint16_t or uint32_t code points. They cannot find valid UTF +sequences within an arbitrary string of bytes unless such sequences are +suitably aligned. +
AUTHOR
@@ -487,9 +513,9 @@ Cambridge, England. REVISION
-Last updated: 22 December 2021 +Last updated: 12 October 2023
-Copyright © 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. +Copyright © 1997-2023 University of Cambridge.
Return to the PCRE2 index page. diff --git a/pcre2/doc/index.html.src b/pcre2/doc/index.html.src index 2c7c5fb..f056fed 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/index.html.src +++ b/pcre2/doc/index.html.src @@ -255,6 +255,9 @@ in the library.
+ pcre2_set_max_pattern_length Set the maximum length of pattern + pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind +Set the maximum match length for a variable-length lookbehind diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2-config.txt b/pcre2/doc/pcre2-config.txt index 33785f4..dc8cf8f 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2-config.txt +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2-config.txt @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -PCRE2-CONFIG(1) General Commands Manual PCRE2-CONFIG(1) +PCRE2-CONFIG(1) General Commands Manual PCRE2-CONFIG(1) NAME pcre2-config - program to return PCRE2 configuration + SYNOPSIS pcre2-config [--prefix] [--exec-prefix] [--version] @@ -15,9 +16,9 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION pcre2-config returns the configuration of the installed PCRE2 libraries - and the options required to compile a program to use them. Some of the - options apply only to the 8-bit, or 16-bit, or 32-bit libraries, re- - spectively, and are not available for libraries that have not been + and the options required to compile a program to use them. Some of the + options apply only to the 8-bit, or 16-bit, or 32-bit libraries, re- + spectively, and are not available for libraries that have not been built. If an unavailable option is encountered, the "usage" information is output. @@ -58,9 +59,9 @@ OPTIONS -I options, but is blank on many systems). --cflags-posix - Writes to the standard output the command line options re- - quired to compile files that use PCRE2's POSIX API wrapper - library (this may include some -I options, but is blank on + Writes to the standard output the command line options re- + quired to compile files that use PCRE2's POSIX API wrapper + library (this may include some -I options, but is blank on many systems). @@ -71,11 +72,14 @@ SEE ALSO AUTHOR - This manual page was originally written by Mark Baker for the Debian - GNU/Linux system. It has been subsequently revised as a generic PCRE2 + This manual page was originally written by Mark Baker for the Debian + GNU/Linux system. It has been subsequently revised as a generic PCRE2 man page. REVISION Last updated: 28 September 2014 + + +PCRE2 10.00 28 September 2014 PCRE2-CONFIG(1) diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2.txt b/pcre2/doc/pcre2.txt index 641a1f9..8c82b1c 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2.txt +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2.txt @@ -8,17 +8,18 @@ pcre2test commands. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -PCRE2(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2(3) +PCRE2(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2(3) NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) + INTRODUCTION PCRE2 is the name used for a revised API for the PCRE library, which is - a set of functions, written in C, that implement regular expression + a set of functions, written in C, that implement regular expression pattern matching using the same syntax and semantics as Perl, with just a few differences. After nearly two decades, the limitations of the original API were making development increasingly difficult. The new @@ -32,8 +33,8 @@ INTRODUCTION appeared in Python and the original PCRE before they appeared in Perl are available using the Python syntax. There is also some support for one or two .NET and Oniguruma syntax items, and there are options for - requesting some minor changes that give better ECMAScript (aka Java- - Script) compatibility. + requesting some minor changes that give better ECMAScript (aka + JavaScript) compatibility. The source code for PCRE2 can be compiled to support strings of 8-bit, 16-bit, or 32-bit code units, which means that up to three separate li- @@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ INTRODUCTION The original work to extend PCRE to 16-bit and 32-bit code units was done by Zoltan Herczeg and Christian Persch, respectively. In all three - cases, strings can be interpreted either as one character per code + cases, strings can be interpreted either as one character per code unit, or as UTF-encoded Unicode, with support for Unicode general cate- gory properties. Unicode support is optional at build time (but is the default). However, processing strings as UTF code units must be enabled @@ -63,17 +64,17 @@ INTRODUCTION In addition to the Perl-compatible matching function, PCRE2 contains an alternative function that matches the same compiled patterns in a dif- ferent way. In certain circumstances, the alternative function has some - advantages. For a discussion of the two matching algorithms, see the + advantages. For a discussion of the two matching algorithms, see the pcre2matching page. - Details of exactly which Perl regular expression features are and are - not supported by PCRE2 are given in separate documents. See the - pcre2pattern and pcre2compat pages. There is a syntax summary in the + Details of exactly which Perl regular expression features are and are + not supported by PCRE2 are given in separate documents. See the + pcre2pattern and pcre2compat pages. There is a syntax summary in the pcre2syntax page. - Some features of PCRE2 can be included, excluded, or changed when the - library is built. The pcre2_config() function makes it possible for a - client to discover which features are available. The features them- + Some features of PCRE2 can be included, excluded, or changed when the + library is built. The pcre2_config() function makes it possible for a + client to discover which features are available. The features them- selves are described in the pcre2build page. Documentation about build- ing PCRE2 for various operating systems can be found in the README and NON-AUTOTOOLS_BUILD files in the source distribution. @@ -83,50 +84,50 @@ INTRODUCTION functions, but which are not intended for use by external callers. Their names all begin with "_pcre2", which hopefully will not provoke any name clashes. In some environments, it is possible to control which - external symbols are exported when a shared library is built, and in + external symbols are exported when a shared library is built, and in these cases the undocumented symbols are not exported. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS - If you are using PCRE2 in a non-UTF application that permits users to - supply arbitrary patterns for compilation, you should be aware of a + If you are using PCRE2 in a non-UTF application that permits users to + supply arbitrary patterns for compilation, you should be aware of a feature that allows users to turn on UTF support from within a pattern. For example, an 8-bit pattern that begins with "(*UTF)" turns on UTF-8 mode, which interprets patterns and subjects as strings of UTF-8 code units instead of individual 8-bit characters. This causes both the pat- - tern and any data against which it is matched to be checked for UTF-8 - validity. If the data string is very long, such a check might use suf- - ficiently many resources as to cause your application to lose perfor- + tern and any data against which it is matched to be checked for UTF-8 + validity. If the data string is very long, such a check might use suf- + ficiently many resources as to cause your application to lose perfor- mance. - One way of guarding against this possibility is to use the pcre2_pat- - tern_info() function to check the compiled pattern's options for - PCRE2_UTF. Alternatively, you can set the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF option when - calling pcre2_compile(). This causes a compile time error if the pat- + One way of guarding against this possibility is to use the pcre2_pat- + tern_info() function to check the compiled pattern's options for + PCRE2_UTF. Alternatively, you can set the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF option when + calling pcre2_compile(). This causes a compile time error if the pat- tern contains a UTF-setting sequence. - The use of Unicode properties for character types such as \d can also - be enabled from within the pattern, by specifying "(*UCP)". This fea- + The use of Unicode properties for character types such as \d can also + be enabled from within the pattern, by specifying "(*UCP)". This fea- ture can be disallowed by setting the PCRE2_NEVER_UCP option. - If your application is one that supports UTF, be aware that validity - checking can take time. If the same data string is to be matched many - times, you can use the PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK option for the second and + If your application is one that supports UTF, be aware that validity + checking can take time. If the same data string is to be matched many + times, you can use the PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK option for the second and subsequent matches to avoid running redundant checks. The use of the \C escape sequence in a UTF-8 or UTF-16 pattern can lead to problems, because it may leave the current matching point in the middle of a multi-code-unit character. The PCRE2_NEVER_BACKSLASH_C op- tion can be used by an application to lock out the use of \C, causing a - compile-time error if it is encountered. It is also possible to build + compile-time error if it is encountered. It is also possible to build PCRE2 with the use of \C permanently disabled. - Another way that performance can be hit is by running a pattern that - has a very large search tree against a string that will never match. - Nested unlimited repeats in a pattern are a common example. PCRE2 pro- - vides some protection against this: see the pcre2_set_match_limit() - function in the pcre2api page. There is a similar function called + Another way that performance can be hit is by running a pattern that + has a very large search tree against a string that will never match. + Nested unlimited repeats in a pattern are a common example. PCRE2 pro- + vides some protection against this: see the pcre2_set_match_limit() + function in the pcre2api page. There is a similar function called pcre2_set_depth_limit() that can be used to restrict the amount of mem- ory that is used. @@ -138,9 +139,9 @@ USER DOCUMENTATION the HTML format, each is a separate page, linked from the index page. In the plain text format, the descriptions of the pcre2grep and pcre2test programs are in files called pcre2grep.txt and pcre2test.txt, - respectively. The remaining sections, except for the pcre2demo section - (which is a program listing), and the short pages for individual func- - tions, are concatenated in pcre2.txt, for ease of searching. The sec- + respectively. The remaining sections, except for the pcre2demo section + (which is a program listing), and the short pages for individual func- + tions, are concatenated in pcre2.txt, for ease of searching. The sec- tions are as follows: pcre2 this document @@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ USER DOCUMENTATION pcre2test description of the pcre2test command pcre2unicode discussion of Unicode and UTF support - In the "man" and HTML formats, there is also a short page for each C + In the "man" and HTML formats, there is also a short page for each C library function, listing its arguments and results. @@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ AUTHOR Retired from University Computing Service Cambridge, England. - Putting an actual email address here is a spam magnet. If you want to + Putting an actual email address here is a spam magnet. If you want to email me, use my two names separated by a dot at gmail.com. @@ -184,11 +185,14 @@ REVISION Last updated: 27 August 2021 Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -PCRE2API(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2API(3) +PCRE2 10.38 27 August 2021 PCRE2(3) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +PCRE2API(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2API(3) NAME @@ -233,6 +237,11 @@ PCRE2 NATIVE API AUXILIARY MATCH FUNCTIONS PCRE2_SPTR pcre2_get_mark(pcre2_match_data *match_data); + PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_size(pcre2_match_data *match_data); + + PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size( + pcre2_match_data *match_data); + uint32_t pcre2_get_ovector_count(pcre2_match_data *match_data); PCRE2_SIZE *pcre2_get_ovector_pointer(pcre2_match_data *match_data); @@ -274,6 +283,9 @@ PCRE2 NATIVE API COMPILE CONTEXT FUNCTIONS int pcre2_set_max_pattern_length(pcre2_compile_context *ccontext, PCRE2_SIZE value); + int pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind(pcre2_compile_contest *ccontext, + uint32_t value); + int pcre2_set_newline(pcre2_compile_context *ccontext, uint32_t value); @@ -372,8 +384,8 @@ PCRE2 NATIVE API JIT FUNCTIONS void pcre2_jit_free_unused_memory(pcre2_general_context *gcontext); - pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(PCRE2_SIZE startsize, - PCRE2_SIZE maxsize, pcre2_general_context *gcontext); + pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(size_t startsize, + size_t maxsize, pcre2_general_context *gcontext); void pcre2_jit_stack_assign(pcre2_match_context *mcontext, pcre2_jit_callback callback_function, void *callback_data); @@ -427,12 +439,12 @@ PCRE2 NATIVE API OBSOLETE FUNCTIONS int pcre2_set_recursion_memory_management( pcre2_match_context *mcontext, - void *(*private_malloc)(PCRE2_SIZE, void *), + void *(*private_malloc)(size_t, void *), void (*private_free)(void *, void *), void *memory_data); - These functions became obsolete at release 10.30 and are retained only - for backward compatibility. They should not be used in new code. The - first is replaced by pcre2_set_depth_limit(); the second is no longer + These functions became obsolete at release 10.30 and are retained only + for backward compatibility. They should not be used in new code. The + first is replaced by pcre2_set_depth_limit(); the second is no longer needed and has no effect (it always returns zero). @@ -458,7 +470,7 @@ PCRE2 EXPERIMENTAL PATTERN CONVERSION FUNCTIONS void pcre2_converted_pattern_free(PCRE2_UCHAR *converted_pattern); - These functions provide a way of converting non-PCRE2 patterns into + These functions provide a way of converting non-PCRE2 patterns into patterns that can be processed by pcre2_compile(). This facility is ex- perimental and may be changed in future releases. At present, "globs" and POSIX basic and extended patterns can be converted. Details are @@ -471,14 +483,10 @@ PCRE2 8-BIT, 16-BIT, AND 32-BIT LIBRARIES code units, respectively. However, there is just one header file, pcre2.h. This contains the function prototypes and other definitions for all three libraries. One, two, or all three can be installed simul- - taneously. On Unix-like systems the libraries are called libpcre2-8, + taneously. On Unix-like systems the libraries are called libpcre2-8, libpcre2-16, and libpcre2-32, and they can also co-exist with the orig- - inal PCRE libraries. - - Character strings are passed to and from a PCRE2 library as a sequence - of unsigned integers in code units of the appropriate width. Every - PCRE2 function comes in three different forms, one for each library, - for example: + inal PCRE libraries. Every PCRE2 function comes in three different + forms, one for each library, for example: pcre2_compile_8() pcre2_compile_16() @@ -494,10 +502,15 @@ PCRE2 8-BIT, 16-BIT, AND 32-BIT LIBRARIES types are constant pointers to the equivalent UCHAR types, that is, they are pointers to vectors of unsigned code units. + Character strings are passed to a PCRE2 library as sequences of un- + signed integers in code units of the appropriate width. The length of a + string may be given as a number of code units, or the string may be + specified as zero-terminated. + Many applications use only one code unit width. For their convenience, macros are defined whose names are the generic forms such as pcre2_com- - pile() and PCRE2_SPTR. These macros use the value of the macro - PCRE2_CODE_UNIT_WIDTH to generate the appropriate width-specific func- + pile() and PCRE2_SPTR. These macros use the value of the macro + PCRE2_CODE_UNIT_WIDTH to generate the appropriate width-specific func- tion and macro names. PCRE2_CODE_UNIT_WIDTH is not defined by default. An application must define it to be 8, 16, or 32 before including pcre2.h in order to make use of the generic names. @@ -510,32 +523,32 @@ PCRE2 8-BIT, 16-BIT, AND 32-BIT LIBRARIES names. (Unfortunately, it is not possible in C code to save and restore the value of a macro.) - If PCRE2_CODE_UNIT_WIDTH is not defined before including pcre2.h, a + If PCRE2_CODE_UNIT_WIDTH is not defined before including pcre2.h, a compiler error occurs. - When using multiple libraries in an application, you must take care - when processing any particular pattern to use only functions from a - single library. For example, if you want to run a match using a pat- - tern that was compiled with pcre2_compile_16(), you must do so with + When using multiple libraries in an application, you must take care + when processing any particular pattern to use only functions from a + single library. For example, if you want to run a match using a pat- + tern that was compiled with pcre2_compile_16(), you must do so with pcre2_match_16(), not pcre2_match_8() or pcre2_match_32(). - In the function summaries above, and in the rest of this document and - other PCRE2 documents, functions and data types are described using + In the function summaries above, and in the rest of this document and + other PCRE2 documents, functions and data types are described using their generic names, without the _8, _16, or _32 suffix. PCRE2 API OVERVIEW - PCRE2 has its own native API, which is described in this document. + PCRE2 has its own native API, which is described in this document. There are also some wrapper functions for the 8-bit library that corre- spond to the POSIX regular expression API, but they do not give access to all the functionality of PCRE2. They are described in the pcre2posix documentation. Both these APIs define a set of C function calls. - The native API C data types, function prototypes, option values, and + The native API C data types, function prototypes, option values, and error codes are defined in the header file pcre2.h, which also contains definitions of PCRE2_MAJOR and PCRE2_MINOR, the major and minor release - numbers for the library. Applications can use these to include support + numbers for the library. Applications can use these to include support for different releases of PCRE2. In a Windows environment, if you want to statically link an application @@ -560,30 +573,30 @@ PCRE2 API OVERVIEW that can be built in appropriate hardware environments. It greatly speeds up the matching performance of many patterns. Programs can re- quest that it be used if available by calling pcre2_jit_compile() after - a pattern has been successfully compiled by pcre2_compile(). This does + a pattern has been successfully compiled by pcre2_compile(). This does nothing if JIT support is not available. - More complicated programs might need to make use of the specialist - functions pcre2_jit_stack_create(), pcre2_jit_stack_free(), and - pcre2_jit_stack_assign() in order to control the JIT code's memory us- + More complicated programs might need to make use of the specialist + functions pcre2_jit_stack_create(), pcre2_jit_stack_free(), and + pcre2_jit_stack_assign() in order to control the JIT code's memory us- age. JIT matching is automatically used by pcre2_match() if it is available, unless the PCRE2_NO_JIT option is set. There is also a direct interface - for JIT matching, which gives improved performance at the expense of - less sanity checking. The JIT-specific functions are discussed in the + for JIT matching, which gives improved performance at the expense of + less sanity checking. The JIT-specific functions are discussed in the pcre2jit documentation. - A second matching function, pcre2_dfa_match(), which is not Perl-com- - patible, is also provided. This uses a different algorithm for the - matching. The alternative algorithm finds all possible matches (at a - given point in the subject), and scans the subject just once (unless - there are lookaround assertions). However, this algorithm does not re- - turn captured substrings. A description of the two matching algorithms - and their advantages and disadvantages is given in the pcre2matching + A second matching function, pcre2_dfa_match(), which is not Perl-com- + patible, is also provided. This uses a different algorithm for the + matching. The alternative algorithm finds all possible matches (at a + given point in the subject), and scans the subject just once (unless + there are lookaround assertions). However, this algorithm does not re- + turn captured substrings. A description of the two matching algorithms + and their advantages and disadvantages is given in the pcre2matching documentation. There is no JIT support for pcre2_dfa_match(). - In addition to the main compiling and matching functions, there are + In addition to the main compiling and matching functions, there are convenience functions for extracting captured substrings from a subject string that has been matched by pcre2_match(). They are: @@ -626,7 +639,9 @@ STRING LENGTHS AND OFFSETS The largest value that can be stored in such a type (that is ~(PCRE2_SIZE)0) is reserved as a special indicator for zero-terminated strings and unset offsets. Therefore, the longest string that can be - handled is one less than this maximum. + handled is one less than this maximum. Note that string lengths are al- + ways given in code units. Only in the 8-bit library is such a length + the same as the number of bytes in the string. NEWLINES @@ -634,8 +649,8 @@ NEWLINES PCRE2 supports five different conventions for indicating line breaks in strings: a single CR (carriage return) character, a single LF (line- feed) character, the two-character sequence CRLF, any of the three pre- - ceding, or any Unicode newline sequence. The Unicode newline sequences - are the three just mentioned, plus the single characters VT (vertical + ceding, or any Unicode newline sequence. The Unicode newline sequences + are the three just mentioned, plus the single characters VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF (form feed, U+000C), NEL (next line, U+0085), LS (line separator, U+2028), and PS (paragraph separator, U+2029). @@ -643,16 +658,16 @@ NEWLINES system as its standard newline sequence. When PCRE2 is built, a default can be specified. If it is not, the default is set to LF, which is the Unix standard. However, the newline convention can be changed by an ap- - plication when calling pcre2_compile(), or it can be specified by spe- - cial text at the start of the pattern itself; this overrides any other - settings. See the pcre2pattern page for details of the special charac- + plication when calling pcre2_compile(), or it can be specified by spe- + cial text at the start of the pattern itself; this overrides any other + settings. See the pcre2pattern page for details of the special charac- ter sequences. - In the PCRE2 documentation the word "newline" is used to mean "the + In the PCRE2 documentation the word "newline" is used to mean "the character or pair of characters that indicate a line break". The choice of newline convention affects the handling of the dot, circumflex, and dollar metacharacters, the handling of #-comments in /x mode, and, when - CRLF is a recognized line ending sequence, the match position advance- + CRLF is a recognized line ending sequence, the match position advance- ment for a non-anchored pattern. There is more detail about this in the section on pcre2_match() options below. @@ -663,9 +678,9 @@ NEWLINES MULTITHREADING - In a multithreaded application it is important to keep thread-specific - data separate from data that can be shared between threads. The PCRE2 - library code itself is thread-safe: it contains no static or global + In a multithreaded application it is important to keep thread-specific + data separate from data that can be shared between threads. The PCRE2 + library code itself is thread-safe: it contains no static or global variables. The API is designed to be fairly simple for non-threaded ap- plications while at the same time ensuring that multithreaded applica- tions can use it. @@ -675,7 +690,7 @@ MULTITHREADING The compiled pattern - A pointer to the compiled form of a pattern is returned to the user + A pointer to the compiled form of a pattern is returned to the user when pcre2_compile() is successful. The data in the compiled pattern is fixed, and does not change when the pattern is matched. Therefore, it is thread-safe, that is, the same compiled pattern can be used by more @@ -707,9 +722,9 @@ MULTITHREADING The reason for checking the pointer a second time is as follows: Sev- eral threads may have acquired the shared lock and tested the pointer for being NULL, but only one of them will be given the write lock, with - the rest kept waiting. The winning thread will compile the pattern and - store the result. After this thread releases the write lock, another - thread will get it, and if it does not retest pointer for being NULL, + the rest kept waiting. The winning thread will compile the pattern and + store the result. After this thread releases the write lock, another + thread will get it, and if it does not retest pointer for being NULL, will recompile the pattern and overwrite the pointer, creating a memory leak and possibly causing other issues. @@ -748,8 +763,8 @@ MULTITHREADING PCRE2 functions are called. A context is nothing more than a collection of parameters that control the way PCRE2 operates. Grouping a number of parameters together in a context is a convenient way of passing them to - a PCRE2 function without using lots of arguments. The parameters that - are stored in contexts are in some sense "advanced features" of the + a PCRE2 function without using lots of arguments. The parameters that + are stored in contexts are in some sense "advanced features" of the API. Many straightforward applications will not need to use contexts. In a multithreaded application, if the parameters in a context are val- @@ -759,7 +774,7 @@ MULTITHREADING Match blocks - The matching functions need a block of memory for storing the results + The matching functions need a block of memory for storing the results of a match. This includes details of what was matched, as well as addi- tional information such as the name of a (*MARK) setting. Each thread must provide its own copy of this memory. @@ -777,25 +792,25 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS just any of the context parameters can pass NULL when a context pointer is required. - There are three different types of context: a general context that is - relevant for several PCRE2 operations, a compile-time context, and a + There are three different types of context: a general context that is + relevant for several PCRE2 operations, a compile-time context, and a match-time context. The general context - At present, this context just contains pointers to (and data for) ex- - ternal memory management functions that are called from several places - in the PCRE2 library. The context is named `general' rather than - specifically `memory' because in future other fields may be added. If - you do not want to supply your own custom memory management functions, - you do not need to bother with a general context. A general context is + At present, this context just contains pointers to (and data for) ex- + ternal memory management functions that are called from several places + in the PCRE2 library. The context is named `general' rather than + specifically `memory' because in future other fields may be added. If + you do not want to supply your own custom memory management functions, + you do not need to bother with a general context. A general context is created by: pcre2_general_context *pcre2_general_context_create( void *(*private_malloc)(PCRE2_SIZE, void *), void (*private_free)(void *, void *), void *memory_data); - The two function pointers specify custom memory management functions, + The two function pointers specify custom memory management functions, whose prototypes are: void *private_malloc(PCRE2_SIZE, void *); @@ -803,16 +818,16 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS Whenever code in PCRE2 calls these functions, the final argument is the value of memory_data. Either of the first two arguments of the creation - function may be NULL, in which case the system memory management func- - tions malloc() and free() are used. (This is not currently useful, as - there are no other fields in a general context, but in future there - might be.) The private_malloc() function is used (if supplied) to ob- - tain memory for storing the context, and all three values are saved as + function may be NULL, in which case the system memory management func- + tions malloc() and free() are used. (This is not currently useful, as + there are no other fields in a general context, but in future there + might be.) The private_malloc() function is used (if supplied) to ob- + tain memory for storing the context, and all three values are saved as part of the context. - Whenever PCRE2 creates a data block of any kind, the block contains a - pointer to the free() function that matches the malloc() function that - was used. When the time comes to free the block, this function is + Whenever PCRE2 creates a data block of any kind, the block contains a + pointer to the free() function that matches the malloc() function that + was used. When the time comes to free the block, this function is called. A general context can be copied by calling: @@ -824,13 +839,13 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS void pcre2_general_context_free(pcre2_general_context *gcontext); - If this function is passed a NULL argument, it returns immediately + If this function is passed a NULL argument, it returns immediately without doing anything. The compile context - A compile context is required if you want to provide an external func- - tion for stack checking during compilation or to change the default + A compile context is required if you want to provide an external func- + tion for stack checking during compilation or to change the default values of any of the following compile-time parameters: What \R matches (Unicode newlines or CR, LF, CRLF only) @@ -840,11 +855,11 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS The maximum length of the pattern string The extra options bits (none set by default) - A compile context is also required if you are using custom memory man- - agement. If none of these apply, just pass NULL as the context argu- + A compile context is also required if you are using custom memory man- + agement. If none of these apply, just pass NULL as the context argu- ment of pcre2_compile(). - A compile context is created, copied, and freed by the following func- + A compile context is created, copied, and freed by the following func- tions: pcre2_compile_context *pcre2_compile_context_create( @@ -855,7 +870,7 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS void pcre2_compile_context_free(pcre2_compile_context *ccontext); - A compile context is created with default values for its parameters. + A compile context is created with default values for its parameters. These can be changed by calling the following functions, which return 0 on success, or PCRE2_ERROR_BADDATA if invalid data is detected. @@ -865,13 +880,13 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS The value must be PCRE2_BSR_ANYCRLF, to specify that \R matches only CR, LF, or CRLF, or PCRE2_BSR_UNICODE, to specify that \R matches any Unicode line ending sequence. The value is used by the JIT compiler and - by the two interpreted matching functions, pcre2_match() and + by the two interpreted matching functions, pcre2_match() and pcre2_dfa_match(). int pcre2_set_character_tables(pcre2_compile_context *ccontext, const uint8_t *tables); - The value must be the result of a call to pcre2_maketables(), whose + The value must be the result of a call to pcre2_maketables(), whose only argument is a general context. This function builds a set of char- acter tables in the current locale. @@ -893,14 +908,22 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS is compiled with this context. If the pattern is longer, an error is generated. This facility is provided so that applications that accept patterns from external sources can limit their size. The default is the - largest number that a PCRE2_SIZE variable can hold, which is effec- + largest number that a PCRE2_SIZE variable can hold, which is effec- tively unlimited. + int pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind(pcre2_compile_contest *ccontext, + uint32_t value); + + This sets a maximum length for the number of characters matched by a + variable-length lookbehind assertion. The default is set when PCRE2 is + built, with the ultimate default being 255, the same as Perl. Lookbe- + hind assertions without a bounding length are not supported. + int pcre2_set_newline(pcre2_compile_context *ccontext, uint32_t value); This specifies which characters or character sequences are to be recog- - nized as newlines. The value must be one of PCRE2_NEWLINE_CR (carriage + nized as newlines. The value must be one of PCRE2_NEWLINE_CR (carriage return only), PCRE2_NEWLINE_LF (linefeed only), PCRE2_NEWLINE_CRLF (the two-character sequence CR followed by LF), PCRE2_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF (any of the above), PCRE2_NEWLINE_ANY (any Unicode newline sequence), or @@ -909,37 +932,37 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS A pattern can override the value set in the compile context by starting with a sequence such as (*CRLF). See the pcre2pattern page for details. - When a pattern is compiled with the PCRE2_EXTENDED or PCRE2_EX- - TENDED_MORE option, the newline convention affects the recognition of - the end of internal comments starting with #. The value is saved with - the compiled pattern for subsequent use by the JIT compiler and by the - two interpreted matching functions, pcre2_match() and + When a pattern is compiled with the PCRE2_EXTENDED or PCRE2_EX- + TENDED_MORE option, the newline convention affects the recognition of + the end of internal comments starting with #. The value is saved with + the compiled pattern for subsequent use by the JIT compiler and by the + two interpreted matching functions, pcre2_match() and pcre2_dfa_match(). int pcre2_set_parens_nest_limit(pcre2_compile_context *ccontext, uint32_t value); - This parameter adjusts the limit, set when PCRE2 is built (default - 250), on the depth of parenthesis nesting in a pattern. This limit - stops rogue patterns using up too much system stack when being com- - piled. The limit applies to parentheses of all kinds, not just captur- + This parameter adjusts the limit, set when PCRE2 is built (default + 250), on the depth of parenthesis nesting in a pattern. This limit + stops rogue patterns using up too much system stack when being com- + piled. The limit applies to parentheses of all kinds, not just captur- ing parentheses. int pcre2_set_compile_recursion_guard(pcre2_compile_context *ccontext, int (*guard_function)(uint32_t, void *), void *user_data); - There is at least one application that runs PCRE2 in threads with very - limited system stack, where running out of stack is to be avoided at - all costs. The parenthesis limit above cannot take account of how much - stack is actually available during compilation. For a finer control, - you can supply a function that is called whenever pcre2_compile() - starts to compile a parenthesized part of a pattern. This function can - check the actual stack size (or anything else that it wants to, of + There is at least one application that runs PCRE2 in threads with very + limited system stack, where running out of stack is to be avoided at + all costs. The parenthesis limit above cannot take account of how much + stack is actually available during compilation. For a finer control, + you can supply a function that is called whenever pcre2_compile() + starts to compile a parenthesized part of a pattern. This function can + check the actual stack size (or anything else that it wants to, of course). - The first argument to the callout function gives the current depth of - nesting, and the second is user data that is set up by the last argu- - ment of pcre2_set_compile_recursion_guard(). The callout function + The first argument to the callout function gives the current depth of + nesting, and the second is user data that is set up by the last argu- + ment of pcre2_set_compile_recursion_guard(). The callout function should return zero if all is well, or non-zero to force an error. The match context @@ -953,10 +976,10 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS Change the backtracking depth limit Set custom memory management specifically for the match - If none of these apply, just pass NULL as the context argument of + If none of these apply, just pass NULL as the context argument of pcre2_match(), pcre2_dfa_match(), or pcre2_jit_match(). - A match context is created, copied, and freed by the following func- + A match context is created, copied, and freed by the following func- tions: pcre2_match_context *pcre2_match_context_create( @@ -967,7 +990,7 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS void pcre2_match_context_free(pcre2_match_context *mcontext); - A match context is created with default values for its parameters. + A match context is created with default values for its parameters. These can be changed by calling the following functions, which return 0 on success, or PCRE2_ERROR_BADDATA if invalid data is detected. @@ -983,7 +1006,7 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS int (*callout_function)(pcre2_substitute_callout_block *, void *), void *callout_data); - This sets up a callout function for PCRE2 to call after each substitu- + This sets up a callout function for PCRE2 to call after each substitu- tion made by pcre2_substitute(). Details are given in the section enti- tled "Creating a new string with substitutions" below. @@ -996,13 +1019,13 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS MATCH if a match with a starting point before or at the given offset is not found. The pcre2_substitute() function makes no more substitutions. - For example, if the pattern /abc/ is matched against "123abc" with an - offset limit less than 3, the result is PCRE2_ERROR_NOMATCH. A match - can never be found if the startoffset argument of pcre2_match(), - pcre2_dfa_match(), or pcre2_substitute() is greater than the offset + For example, if the pattern /abc/ is matched against "123abc" with an + offset limit less than 3, the result is PCRE2_ERROR_NOMATCH. A match + can never be found if the startoffset argument of pcre2_match(), + pcre2_dfa_match(), or pcre2_substitute() is greater than the offset limit set in the match context. - When using this facility, you must set the PCRE2_USE_OFFSET_LIMIT op- + When using this facility, you must set the PCRE2_USE_OFFSET_LIMIT op- tion when calling pcre2_compile() so that when JIT is in use, different code can be compiled. If a match is started with a non-default match limit when PCRE2_USE_OFFSET_LIMIT is not set, an error is generated. @@ -1012,8 +1035,8 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS See also the PCRE2_FIRSTLINE option, which requires a match to start before or at the first newline that follows the start of matching in the subject. If this is set with an offset limit, a match must occur in - the first line and also within the offset limit. In other words, which- - ever limit comes first is used. + the first line and also within the offset limit. In other words, + whichever limit comes first is used. int pcre2_set_heap_limit(pcre2_match_context *mcontext, uint32_t value); @@ -1024,11 +1047,11 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS also applies to pcre2_dfa_match(), which may use the heap when process- ing patterns with a lot of nested pattern recursion or lookarounds or atomic groups. This limit does not apply to matching with the JIT opti- - mization, which has its own memory control arrangements (see the - pcre2jit documentation for more details). If the limit is reached, the - negative error code PCRE2_ERROR_HEAPLIMIT is returned. The default - limit can be set when PCRE2 is built; if it is not, the default is set - very large and is essentially "unlimited". + mization, which has its own memory control arrangements (see the + pcre2jit documentation for more details). If the limit is reached, the + negative error code PCRE2_ERROR_HEAPLIMIT is returned. The default + limit can be set when PCRE2 is built; if it is not, the default is set + very large and is essentially unlimited. A value for the heap limit may also be supplied by an item at the start of a pattern of the form @@ -1039,25 +1062,21 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS less ddd is less than the limit set by the caller of pcre2_match() or, if no such limit is set, less than the default. - The pcre2_match() function starts out using a 20KiB vector on the sys- - tem stack for recording backtracking points. The more nested backtrack- - ing points there are (that is, the deeper the search tree), the more - memory is needed. Heap memory is used only if the initial vector is - too small. If the heap limit is set to a value less than 21 (in partic- - ular, zero) no heap memory will be used. In this case, only patterns - that do not have a lot of nested backtracking can be successfully pro- - cessed. + The pcre2_match() function always needs some heap memory, so setting a + value of zero guarantees a "heap limit exceeded" error. Details of how + pcre2_match() uses the heap are given in the pcre2perform documenta- + tion. - Similarly, for pcre2_dfa_match(), a vector on the system stack is used - when processing pattern recursions, lookarounds, or atomic groups, and - only if this is not big enough is heap memory used. In this case, too, - setting a value of zero disables the use of the heap. + For pcre2_dfa_match(), a vector on the system stack is used when pro- + cessing pattern recursions, lookarounds, or atomic groups, and only if + this is not big enough is heap memory used. In this case, setting a + value of zero disables the use of the heap. int pcre2_set_match_limit(pcre2_match_context *mcontext, uint32_t value); The match_limit parameter provides a means of preventing PCRE2 from us- - ing up too many computing resources when processing patterns that are + ing up too many computing resources when processing patterns that are not going to match, but which have a very large number of possibilities in their search trees. The classic example is a pattern that uses nested unlimited repeats. @@ -1065,49 +1084,49 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS There is an internal counter in pcre2_match() that is incremented each time round its main matching loop. If this value reaches the match limit, pcre2_match() returns the negative value PCRE2_ERROR_MATCHLIMIT. - This has the effect of limiting the amount of backtracking that can + This has the effect of limiting the amount of backtracking that can take place. For patterns that are not anchored, the count restarts from zero for each position in the subject string. This limit also applies to pcre2_dfa_match(), though the counting is done in a different way. - When pcre2_match() is called with a pattern that was successfully pro- - cessed by pcre2_jit_compile(), the way in which matching is executed is - entirely different. However, there is still the possibility of runaway - matching that goes on for a very long time, and so the match_limit + When pcre2_match() is called with a pattern that was successfully + processed by pcre2_jit_compile(), the way in which matching is executed + is entirely different. However, there is still the possibility of run- + away matching that goes on for a very long time, and so the match_limit value is also used in this case (but in a different way) to limit how long the matching can continue. The default value for the limit can be set when PCRE2 is built; the de- - fault default is 10 million, which handles all but the most extreme - cases. A value for the match limit may also be supplied by an item at + fault default is 10 million, which handles all but the most extreme + cases. A value for the match limit may also be supplied by an item at the start of a pattern of the form (*LIMIT_MATCH=ddd) - where ddd is a decimal number. However, such a setting is ignored un- - less ddd is less than the limit set by the caller of pcre2_match() or + where ddd is a decimal number. However, such a setting is ignored un- + less ddd is less than the limit set by the caller of pcre2_match() or pcre2_dfa_match() or, if no such limit is set, less than the default. int pcre2_set_depth_limit(pcre2_match_context *mcontext, uint32_t value); - This parameter limits the depth of nested backtracking in - pcre2_match(). Each time a nested backtracking point is passed, a new - memory "frame" is used to remember the state of matching at that point. - Thus, this parameter indirectly limits the amount of memory that is - used in a match. However, because the size of each memory "frame" de- - pends on the number of capturing parentheses, the actual memory limit - varies from pattern to pattern. This limit was more useful in versions - before 10.30, where function recursion was used for backtracking. + This parameter limits the depth of nested backtracking in + pcre2_match(). Each time a nested backtracking point is passed, a new + memory frame is used to remember the state of matching at that point. + Thus, this parameter indirectly limits the amount of memory that is + used in a match. However, because the size of each memory frame depends + on the number of capturing parentheses, the actual memory limit varies + from pattern to pattern. This limit was more useful in versions before + 10.30, where function recursion was used for backtracking. The depth limit is not relevant, and is ignored, when matching is done using JIT compiled code. However, it is supported by pcre2_dfa_match(), - which uses it to limit the depth of nested internal recursive function - calls that implement atomic groups, lookaround assertions, and pattern + which uses it to limit the depth of nested internal recursive function + calls that implement atomic groups, lookaround assertions, and pattern recursions. This limits, indirectly, the amount of system stack that is used. It was more useful in versions before 10.32, when stack memory was used for local workspace vectors for recursive function calls. From - version 10.32, only local variables are allocated on the stack and as + version 10.32, only local variables are allocated on the stack and as each call uses only a few hundred bytes, even a small stack can support quite a lot of recursion. @@ -1115,13 +1134,13 @@ PCRE2 CONTEXTS cal workspace vectors are allocated on the heap from version 10.32 on- wards, so the depth limit also indirectly limits the amount of heap memory that is used. A recursive pattern such as /(.(?2))((?1)|)/, when - matched to a very long string using pcre2_dfa_match(), can use a great - deal of memory. However, it is probably better to limit heap usage di- + matched to a very long string using pcre2_dfa_match(), can use a great + deal of memory. However, it is probably better to limit heap usage di- rectly by calling pcre2_set_heap_limit(). - The default value for the depth limit can be set when PCRE2 is built; - if it is not, the default is set to the same value as the default for - the match limit. If the limit is exceeded, pcre2_match() or + The default value for the depth limit can be set when PCRE2 is built; + if it is not, the default is set to the same value as the default for + the match limit. If the limit is exceeded, pcre2_match() or pcre2_dfa_match() returns PCRE2_ERROR_DEPTHLIMIT. A value for the depth limit may also be supplied by an item at the start of a pattern of the form @@ -1166,39 +1185,42 @@ CHECKING BUILD-TIME OPTIONS PCRE2_CONFIG_COMPILED_WIDTHS - The output is a uint32_t integer whose lower bits indicate which code - unit widths were selected when PCRE2 was built. The 1-bit indicates - 8-bit support, and the 2-bit and 4-bit indicate 16-bit and 32-bit sup- + The output is a uint32_t integer whose lower bits indicate which code + unit widths were selected when PCRE2 was built. The 1-bit indicates + 8-bit support, and the 2-bit and 4-bit indicate 16-bit and 32-bit sup- port, respectively. PCRE2_CONFIG_DEPTHLIMIT - The output is a uint32_t integer that gives the default limit for the - depth of nested backtracking in pcre2_match() or the depth of nested - recursions, lookarounds, and atomic groups in pcre2_dfa_match(). Fur- + The output is a uint32_t integer that gives the default limit for the + depth of nested backtracking in pcre2_match() or the depth of nested + recursions, lookarounds, and atomic groups in pcre2_dfa_match(). Fur- ther details are given with pcre2_set_depth_limit() above. PCRE2_CONFIG_HEAPLIMIT - The output is a uint32_t integer that gives, in kibibytes, the default - limit for the amount of heap memory used by pcre2_match() or - pcre2_dfa_match(). Further details are given with + The output is a uint32_t integer that gives, in kibibytes, the default + limit for the amount of heap memory used by pcre2_match() or + pcre2_dfa_match(). Further details are given with pcre2_set_heap_limit() above. PCRE2_CONFIG_JIT - The output is a uint32_t integer that is set to one if support for - just-in-time compiling is available; otherwise it is set to zero. + The output is a uint32_t integer that is set to one if support for + just-in-time compiling is included in the library; otherwise it is set + to zero. Note that having the support in the library does not guarantee + that JIT will be used for any given match. See the pcre2jit documenta- + tion for more details. PCRE2_CONFIG_JITTARGET - The where argument should point to a buffer that is at least 48 code - units long. (The exact length required can be found by calling - pcre2_config() with where set to NULL.) The buffer is filled with a - string that contains the name of the architecture for which the JIT - compiler is configured, for example "x86 32bit (little endian + un- - aligned)". If JIT support is not available, PCRE2_ERROR_BADOPTION is - returned, otherwise the number of code units used is returned. This is + The where argument should point to a buffer that is at least 48 code + units long. (The exact length required can be found by calling + pcre2_config() with where set to NULL.) The buffer is filled with a + string that contains the name of the architecture for which the JIT + compiler is configured, for example "x86 32bit (little endian + un- + aligned)". If JIT support is not available, PCRE2_ERROR_BADOPTION is + returned, otherwise the number of code units used is returned. This is the length of the string, plus one unit for the terminating zero. PCRE2_CONFIG_LINKSIZE @@ -1212,9 +1234,9 @@ CHECKING BUILD-TIME OPTIONS bytes, so the configured value is not relevant. The default value of 2 for the 8-bit and 16-bit libraries is sufficient - for all but the most massive patterns, since it allows the size of the - compiled pattern to be up to 65535 code units. Larger values allow - larger regular expressions to be compiled by those two libraries, but + for all but the most massive patterns, since it allows the size of the + compiled pattern to be up to 65535 code units. Larger values allow + larger regular expressions to be compiled by those two libraries, but at the expense of slower matching. PCRE2_CONFIG_MATCHLIMIT @@ -1249,8 +1271,8 @@ CHECKING BUILD-TIME OPTIONS The output is a uint32_t integer that gives the maximum depth of nest- ing of parentheses (of any kind) in a pattern. This limit is imposed to - cap the amount of system stack used when a pattern is compiled. It is - specified when PCRE2 is built; the default is 250. This limit does not + cap the amount of system stack used when a pattern is compiled. It is + specified when PCRE2 is built; the default is 250. This limit does not take into account the stack that may already be used by the calling ap- plication. For finer control over compilation stack usage, see pcre2_set_compile_recursion_guard(). @@ -1306,10 +1328,12 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN The pcre2_compile() function compiles a pattern into an internal form. The pattern is defined by a pointer to a string of code units and a - length (in code units). If the pattern is zero-terminated, the length - can be specified as PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED. The function returns a - pointer to a block of memory that contains the compiled pattern and re- - lated data, or NULL if an error occurred. + length in code units. If the pattern is zero-terminated, the length can + be specified as PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED. A NULL pattern pointer with a + length of zero is treated as an empty string (NULL with a non-zero + length causes an error return). The function returns a pointer to a + block of memory that contains the compiled pattern and related data, or + NULL if an error occurred. If the compile context argument ccontext is NULL, memory for the com- piled pattern is obtained by calling malloc(). Otherwise, it is ob- @@ -1327,12 +1351,12 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN pcre2_code_copy() is called with a NULL argument, it returns NULL. The pcre2_code_copy() function provides a way for individual threads in - a multithreaded application to acquire a private copy of shared com- - piled code. However, it does not make a copy of the character tables - used by the compiled pattern; the new pattern code points to the same - tables as the original code. (See "Locale Support" below for details - of these character tables.) In many applications the same tables are - used throughout, so this behaviour is appropriate. Nevertheless, there + a multithreaded application to acquire a private copy of shared com- + piled code. However, it does not make a copy of the character tables + used by the compiled pattern; the new pattern code points to the same + tables as the original code. (See "Locale Support" below for details + of these character tables.) In many applications the same tables are + used throughout, so this behaviour is appropriate. Nevertheless, there are occasions when a copy of a compiled pattern and the relevant tables are needed. The pcre2_code_copy_with_tables() provides this facility. Copies of both the code and the tables are made, with the new code @@ -1343,60 +1367,62 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN NOTE: When one of the matching functions is called, pointers to the compiled pattern and the subject string are set in the match data block - so that they can be referenced by the substring extraction functions - after a successful match. After running a match, you must not free a - compiled pattern or a subject string until after all operations on the - match data block have taken place, unless, in the case of the subject - string, you have used the PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT option, which is - described in the section entitled "Option bits for pcre2_match()" be- + so that they can be referenced by the substring extraction functions + after a successful match. After running a match, you must not free a + compiled pattern or a subject string until after all operations on the + match data block have taken place, unless, in the case of the subject + string, you have used the PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT option, which is + described in the section entitled "Option bits for pcre2_match()" be- low. - The options argument for pcre2_compile() contains various bit settings - that affect the compilation. It should be zero if none of them are re- - quired. The available options are described below. Some of them (in - particular, those that are compatible with Perl, but some others as - well) can also be set and unset from within the pattern (see the de- + The options argument for pcre2_compile() contains various bit settings + that affect the compilation. It should be zero if none of them are re- + quired. The available options are described below. Some of them (in + particular, those that are compatible with Perl, but some others as + well) can also be set and unset from within the pattern (see the de- tailed description in the pcre2pattern documentation). - For those options that can be different in different parts of the pat- - tern, the contents of the options argument specifies their settings at - the start of compilation. The PCRE2_ANCHORED, PCRE2_ENDANCHORED, and - PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK options can be set at the time of matching as well + For those options that can be different in different parts of the pat- + tern, the contents of the options argument specifies their settings at + the start of compilation. The PCRE2_ANCHORED, PCRE2_ENDANCHORED, and + PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK options can be set at the time of matching as well as at compile time. - Some additional options and less frequently required compile-time pa- - rameters (for example, the newline setting) can be provided in a com- - pile context (as described above). + Some additional options and less frequently required compile-time para- + meters (for example, the newline setting) can be provided in a compile + context (as described above). If errorcode or erroroffset is NULL, pcre2_compile() returns NULL imme- - diately. Otherwise, the variables to which these point are set to an + diately. Otherwise, the variables to which these point are set to an error code and an offset (number of code units) within the pattern, re- spectively, when pcre2_compile() returns NULL because a compilation er- - ror has occurred. The values are not defined when compilation is suc- - cessful and pcre2_compile() returns a non-NULL value. + ror has occurred. There are nearly 100 positive error codes that pcre2_compile() may re- turn if it finds an error in the pattern. There are also some negative error codes that are used for invalid UTF strings when validity check- ing is in force. These are the same as given by pcre2_match() and pcre2_dfa_match(), and are described in the pcre2unicode documentation. - There is no separate documentation for the positive error codes, be- - cause the textual error messages that are obtained by calling the + There is no separate documentation for the positive error codes, be- + cause the textual error messages that are obtained by calling the pcre2_get_error_message() function (see "Obtaining a textual error mes- sage" below) should be self-explanatory. Macro names starting with PCRE2_ERROR_ are defined for both positive and negative error codes in - pcre2.h. + pcre2.h. When compilation is successful errorcode is set to a value + that returns the message "no error" if passed to pcre2_get_error_mes- + sage(). The value returned in erroroffset is an indication of where in the pat- - tern the error occurred. It is not necessarily the furthest point in - the pattern that was read. For example, after the error "lookbehind as- - sertion is not fixed length", the error offset points to the start of - the failing assertion. For an invalid UTF-8 or UTF-16 string, the off- - set is that of the first code unit of the failing character. - - Some errors are not detected until the whole pattern has been scanned; - in these cases, the offset passed back is the length of the pattern. - Note that the offset is in code units, not characters, even in a UTF + tern an error occurred. When there is no error, zero is returned. A + non-zero value is not necessarily the furthest point in the pattern + that was read. For example, after the error "lookbehind assertion is + not fixed length", the error offset points to the start of the failing + assertion. For an invalid UTF-8 or UTF-16 string, the offset is that of + the first code unit of the failing character. + + Some errors are not detected until the whole pattern has been scanned; + in these cases, the offset passed back is the length of the pattern. + Note that the offset is in code units, not characters, even in a UTF mode. It may sometimes point into the middle of a UTF-8 or UTF-16 char- acter. @@ -1423,40 +1449,40 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN PCRE2_ANCHORED If this bit is set, the pattern is forced to be "anchored", that is, it - is constrained to match only at the first matching point in the string - that is being searched (the "subject string"). This effect can also be - achieved by appropriate constructs in the pattern itself, which is the + is constrained to match only at the first matching point in the string + that is being searched (the "subject string"). This effect can also be + achieved by appropriate constructs in the pattern itself, which is the only way to do it in Perl. PCRE2_ALLOW_EMPTY_CLASS - By default, for compatibility with Perl, a closing square bracket that - immediately follows an opening one is treated as a data character for - the class. When PCRE2_ALLOW_EMPTY_CLASS is set, it terminates the + By default, for compatibility with Perl, a closing square bracket that + immediately follows an opening one is treated as a data character for + the class. When PCRE2_ALLOW_EMPTY_CLASS is set, it terminates the class, which therefore contains no characters and so can never match. PCRE2_ALT_BSUX - This option request alternative handling of three escape sequences, - which makes PCRE2's behaviour more like ECMAscript (aka JavaScript). + This option request alternative handling of three escape sequences, + which makes PCRE2's behaviour more like ECMAscript (aka JavaScript). When it is set: (1) \U matches an upper case "U" character; by default \U causes a com- pile time error (Perl uses \U to upper case subsequent characters). (2) \u matches a lower case "u" character unless it is followed by four - hexadecimal digits, in which case the hexadecimal number defines the - code point to match. By default, \u causes a compile time error (Perl + hexadecimal digits, in which case the hexadecimal number defines the + code point to match. By default, \u causes a compile time error (Perl uses it to upper case the following character). - (3) \x matches a lower case "x" character unless it is followed by two - hexadecimal digits, in which case the hexadecimal number defines the - code point to match. By default, as in Perl, a hexadecimal number is + (3) \x matches a lower case "x" character unless it is followed by two + hexadecimal digits, in which case the hexadecimal number defines the + code point to match. By default, as in Perl, a hexadecimal number is always expected after \x, but it may have zero, one, or two digits (so, for example, \xz matches a binary zero character followed by z). ECMAscript 6 added additional functionality to \u. This can be accessed - using the PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX extra option (see "Extra compile op- + using the PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX extra option (see "Extra compile op- tions" below). Note that this alternative escape handling applies only to patterns. Neither of these options affects the processing of re- placement strings passed to pcre2_substitute(). @@ -1467,62 +1493,65 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN metacharacter matches at the start of the subject (unless PCRE2_NOTBOL is set), and also after any internal newline. However, it does not match after a newline at the end of the subject, for compatibility with - Perl. If you want a multiline circumflex also to match after a termi- + Perl. If you want a multiline circumflex also to match after a termi- nating newline, you must set PCRE2_ALT_CIRCUMFLEX. PCRE2_ALT_VERBNAMES - By default, for compatibility with Perl, the name in any verb sequence - such as (*MARK:NAME) is any sequence of characters that does not in- - clude a closing parenthesis. The name is not processed in any way, and - it is not possible to include a closing parenthesis in the name. How- - ever, if the PCRE2_ALT_VERBNAMES option is set, normal backslash pro- - cessing is applied to verb names and only an unescaped closing paren- - thesis terminates the name. A closing parenthesis can be included in a - name either as \) or between \Q and \E. If the PCRE2_EXTENDED or - PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE option is set with PCRE2_ALT_VERBNAMES, unescaped - whitespace in verb names is skipped and #-comments are recognized, ex- + By default, for compatibility with Perl, the name in any verb sequence + such as (*MARK:NAME) is any sequence of characters that does not in- + clude a closing parenthesis. The name is not processed in any way, and + it is not possible to include a closing parenthesis in the name. How- + ever, if the PCRE2_ALT_VERBNAMES option is set, normal backslash pro- + cessing is applied to verb names and only an unescaped closing paren- + thesis terminates the name. A closing parenthesis can be included in a + name either as \) or between \Q and \E. If the PCRE2_EXTENDED or + PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE option is set with PCRE2_ALT_VERBNAMES, unescaped + whitespace in verb names is skipped and #-comments are recognized, ex- actly as in the rest of the pattern. PCRE2_AUTO_CALLOUT - If this bit is set, pcre2_compile() automatically inserts callout - items, all with number 255, before each pattern item, except immedi- - ately before or after an explicit callout in the pattern. For discus- + If this bit is set, pcre2_compile() automatically inserts callout + items, all with number 255, before each pattern item, except immedi- + ately before or after an explicit callout in the pattern. For discus- sion of the callout facility, see the pcre2callout documentation. PCRE2_CASELESS - If this bit is set, letters in the pattern match both upper and lower - case letters in the subject. It is equivalent to Perl's /i option, and - it can be changed within a pattern by a (?i) option setting. If either - PCRE2_UTF or PCRE2_UCP is set, Unicode properties are used for all - characters with more than one other case, and for all characters whose - code points are greater than U+007F. Note that there are two ASCII + If this bit is set, letters in the pattern match both upper and lower + case letters in the subject. It is equivalent to Perl's /i option, and + it can be changed within a pattern by a (?i) option setting. If either + PCRE2_UTF or PCRE2_UCP is set, Unicode properties are used for all + characters with more than one other case, and for all characters whose + code points are greater than U+007F. Note that there are two ASCII characters, K and S, that, in addition to their lower case ASCII equiv- alents, are case-equivalent with U+212A (Kelvin sign) and U+017F (long - S) respectively. For lower valued characters with only one other case, - a lookup table is used for speed. When neither PCRE2_UTF nor PCRE2_UCP - is set, a lookup table is used for all code points less than 256, and - higher code points (available only in 16-bit or 32-bit mode) are - treated as not having another case. + S) respectively. If you do not want this case equivalence, you can sup- + press it by setting PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT. + + For lower valued characters with only one other case, a lookup table is + used for speed. When neither PCRE2_UTF nor PCRE2_UCP is set, a lookup + table is used for all code points less than 256, and higher code points + (available only in 16-bit or 32-bit mode) are treated as not having an- + other case. PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY - If this bit is set, a dollar metacharacter in the pattern matches only - at the end of the subject string. Without this option, a dollar also - matches immediately before a newline at the end of the string (but not - before any other newlines). The PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY option is ignored - if PCRE2_MULTILINE is set. There is no equivalent to this option in + If this bit is set, a dollar metacharacter in the pattern matches only + at the end of the subject string. Without this option, a dollar also + matches immediately before a newline at the end of the string (but not + before any other newlines). The PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY option is ignored + if PCRE2_MULTILINE is set. There is no equivalent to this option in Perl, and no way to set it within a pattern. PCRE2_DOTALL - If this bit is set, a dot metacharacter in the pattern matches any - character, including one that indicates a newline. However, it only + If this bit is set, a dot metacharacter in the pattern matches any + character, including one that indicates a newline. However, it only ever matches one character, even if newlines are coded as CRLF. Without this option, a dot does not match when the current position in the sub- - ject is at a newline. This option is equivalent to Perl's /s option, + ject is at a newline. This option is equivalent to Perl's /s option, and it can be changed within a pattern by a (?s) option setting. A neg- ative class such as [^a] always matches newline characters, and the \N escape sequence always matches a non-newline character, independent of @@ -1544,15 +1573,15 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN subject, the match fails at the current starting point. For unanchored patterns, a new match is then tried at the next starting point. How- ever, if the match succeeds by reaching the end of the pattern, but not - the end of the subject, backtracking occurs and an alternative match + the end of the subject, backtracking occurs and an alternative match may be found. Consider these two patterns: .(*ACCEPT)|.. .|.. - If matched against "abc" with PCRE2_ENDANCHORED set, the first matches - "c" whereas the second matches "bc". The effect of PCRE2_ENDANCHORED - can also be achieved by appropriate constructs in the pattern itself, + If matched against "abc" with PCRE2_ENDANCHORED set, the first matches + "c" whereas the second matches "bc". The effect of PCRE2_ENDANCHORED + can also be achieved by appropriate constructs in the pattern itself, which is the only way to do it in Perl. For DFA matching with pcre2_dfa_match(), PCRE2_ENDANCHORED applies only @@ -1563,52 +1592,53 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN PCRE2_EXTENDED If this bit is set, most white space characters in the pattern are to- - tally ignored except when escaped or inside a character class. However, - white space is not allowed within sequences such as (?> that introduce - various parenthesized groups, nor within numerical quantifiers such as - {1,3}. Ignorable white space is permitted between an item and a follow- - ing quantifier and between a quantifier and a following + that indi- - cates possessiveness. PCRE2_EXTENDED is equivalent to Perl's /x option, - and it can be changed within a pattern by a (?x) option setting. - - When PCRE2 is compiled without Unicode support, PCRE2_EXTENDED recog- - nizes as white space only those characters with code points less than + tally ignored except when escaped, inside a character class, or inside + a \Q...\E sequence. However, white space is not allowed within se- + quences such as (?> that introduce various parenthesized groups, nor + within numerical quantifiers such as {1,3}. Ignorable white space is + permitted between an item and a following quantifier and between a + quantifier and a following + that indicates possessiveness. PCRE2_EX- + TENDED is equivalent to Perl's /x option, and it can be changed within + a pattern by a (?x) option setting. + + When PCRE2 is compiled without Unicode support, PCRE2_EXTENDED recog- + nizes as white space only those characters with code points less than 256 that are flagged as white space in its low-character table. The ta- ble is normally created by pcre2_maketables(), which uses the isspace() - function to identify space characters. In most ASCII environments, the - relevant characters are those with code points 0x0009 (tab), 0x000A - (linefeed), 0x000B (vertical tab), 0x000C (formfeed), 0x000D (carriage + function to identify space characters. In most ASCII environments, the + relevant characters are those with code points 0x0009 (tab), 0x000A + (linefeed), 0x000B (vertical tab), 0x000C (formfeed), 0x000D (carriage return), and 0x0020 (space). When PCRE2 is compiled with Unicode support, in addition to these char- acters, five more Unicode "Pattern White Space" characters are recog- nized by PCRE2_EXTENDED. These are U+0085 (next line), U+200E (left-to- - right mark), U+200F (right-to-left mark), U+2028 (line separator), and - U+2029 (paragraph separator). This set of characters is the same as - recognized by Perl's /x option. Note that the horizontal and vertical - space characters that are matched by the \h and \v escapes in patterns + right mark), U+200F (right-to-left mark), U+2028 (line separator), and + U+2029 (paragraph separator). This set of characters is the same as + recognized by Perl's /x option. Note that the horizontal and vertical + space characters that are matched by the \h and \v escapes in patterns are a much bigger set. - As well as ignoring most white space, PCRE2_EXTENDED also causes char- - acters between an unescaped # outside a character class and the next - newline, inclusive, to be ignored, which makes it possible to include + As well as ignoring most white space, PCRE2_EXTENDED also causes char- + acters between an unescaped # outside a character class and the next + newline, inclusive, to be ignored, which makes it possible to include comments inside complicated patterns. Note that the end of this type of comment is a literal newline sequence in the pattern; escape sequences that happen to represent a newline do not count. Which characters are interpreted as newlines can be specified by a set- - ting in the compile context that is passed to pcre2_compile() or by a - special sequence at the start of the pattern, as described in the sec- - tion entitled "Newline conventions" in the pcre2pattern documentation. + ting in the compile context that is passed to pcre2_compile() or by a + special sequence at the start of the pattern, as described in the sec- + tion entitled "Newline conventions" in the pcre2pattern documentation. A default is defined when PCRE2 is built. PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE - This option has the effect of PCRE2_EXTENDED, but, in addition, un- - escaped space and horizontal tab characters are ignored inside a char- - acter class. Note: only these two characters are ignored, not the full - set of pattern white space characters that are ignored outside a char- - acter class. PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE is equivalent to Perl's /xx option, + This option has the effect of PCRE2_EXTENDED, but, in addition, un- + escaped space and horizontal tab characters are ignored inside a char- + acter class. Note: only these two characters are ignored, not the full + set of pattern white space characters that are ignored outside a char- + acter class. PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE is equivalent to Perl's /xx option, and it can be changed within a pattern by a (?xx) option setting. PCRE2_FIRSTLINE @@ -1617,7 +1647,7 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN before or at the first newline in the subject string following the start of matching, though the matched text may continue over the new- line. If startoffset is non-zero, the limiting newline is not necessar- - ily the first newline in the subject. For example, if the subject + ily the first newline in the subject. For example, if the subject string is "abc\nxyz" (where \n represents a single-character newline) a pattern match for "yz" succeeds with PCRE2_FIRSTLINE if startoffset is greater than 3. See also PCRE2_USE_OFFSET_LIMIT, which provides a more @@ -1628,7 +1658,7 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN PCRE2_LITERAL If this option is set, all meta-characters in the pattern are disabled, - and it is treated as a literal string. Matching literal strings with a + and it is treated as a literal string. Matching literal strings with a regular expression engine is not the most efficient way of doing it. If you are doing a lot of literal matching and are worried about effi- ciency, you should consider using other approaches. The only other main @@ -1641,28 +1671,32 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF - This option forces PCRE2_UTF (see below) and also enables support for - matching by pcre2_match() in subject strings that contain invalid UTF - sequences. This facility is not supported for DFA matching. For de- - tails, see the pcre2unicode documentation. + This option forces PCRE2_UTF (see below) and also enables support for + matching by pcre2_match() in subject strings that contain invalid UTF + sequences. Note, however, that the 16-bit and 32-bit PCRE2 libraries + process strings as sequences of uint16_t or uint32_t code points. They + cannot find valid UTF sequences within an arbitrary string of bytes un- + less such sequences are suitably aligned. This facility is not sup- + ported for DFA matching. For details, see the pcre2unicode documenta- + tion. PCRE2_MATCH_UNSET_BACKREF If this option is set, a backreference to an unset capture group matches an empty string (by default this causes the current matching alternative to fail). A pattern such as (\1)(a) succeeds when this op- - tion is set (assuming it can find an "a" in the subject), whereas it - fails by default, for Perl compatibility. Setting this option makes + tion is set (assuming it can find an "a" in the subject), whereas it + fails by default, for Perl compatibility. Setting this option makes PCRE2 behave more like ECMAscript (aka JavaScript). PCRE2_MULTILINE - By default, for the purposes of matching "start of line" and "end of - line", PCRE2 treats the subject string as consisting of a single line - of characters, even if it actually contains newlines. The "start of - line" metacharacter (^) matches only at the start of the string, and - the "end of line" metacharacter ($) matches only at the end of the - string, or before a terminating newline (except when PCRE2_DOLLAR_EN- + By default, for the purposes of matching "start of line" and "end of + line", PCRE2 treats the subject string as consisting of a single line + of characters, even if it actually contains newlines. The "start of + line" metacharacter (^) matches only at the start of the string, and + the "end of line" metacharacter ($) matches only at the end of the + string, or before a terminating newline (except when PCRE2_DOLLAR_EN- DONLY is set). Note, however, that unless PCRE2_DOTALL is set, the "any character" metacharacter (.) does not match at a newline. This behav- iour (for ^, $, and dot) is the same as Perl. @@ -1691,9 +1725,9 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN This option locks out the use of Unicode properties for handling \B, \b, \D, \d, \S, \s, \W, \w, and some of the POSIX character classes, as - described for the PCRE2_UCP option below. In particular, it prevents - the creator of the pattern from enabling this facility by starting the - pattern with (*UCP). This option may be useful in applications that + described for the PCRE2_UCP option below. In particular, it prevents + the creator of the pattern from enabling this facility by starting the + pattern with (*UCP). This option may be useful in applications that process patterns from external sources. The option combination PCRE_UCP and PCRE_NEVER_UCP causes an error. @@ -1701,16 +1735,16 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN This option locks out interpretation of the pattern as UTF-8, UTF-16, or UTF-32, depending on which library is in use. In particular, it pre- - vents the creator of the pattern from switching to UTF interpretation - by starting the pattern with (*UTF). This option may be useful in ap- + vents the creator of the pattern from switching to UTF interpretation + by starting the pattern with (*UTF). This option may be useful in ap- plications that process patterns from external sources. The combination of PCRE2_UTF and PCRE2_NEVER_UTF causes an error. PCRE2_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE If this option is set, it disables the use of numbered capturing paren- - theses in the pattern. Any opening parenthesis that is not followed by - ? behaves as if it were followed by ?: but named parentheses can still + theses in the pattern. Any opening parenthesis that is not followed by + ? behaves as if it were followed by ?: but named parentheses can still be used for capturing (and they acquire numbers in the usual way). This is the same as Perl's /n option. Note that, when this option is set, references to capture groups (backreferences or recursion/subroutine @@ -1720,9 +1754,9 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN PCRE2_NO_AUTO_POSSESS If this option is set, it disables "auto-possessification", which is an - optimization that, for example, turns a+b into a++b in order to avoid - backtracks into a+ that can never be successful. However, if callouts - are in use, auto-possessification means that some callouts are never + optimization that, for example, turns a+b into a++b in order to avoid + backtracks into a+ that can never be successful. However, if callouts + are in use, auto-possessification means that some callouts are never taken. You can set this option if you want the matching functions to do a full unoptimized search and run all the callouts, but it is mainly provided for testing purposes. @@ -1730,20 +1764,20 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN PCRE2_NO_DOTSTAR_ANCHOR If this option is set, it disables an optimization that is applied when - .* is the first significant item in a top-level branch of a pattern, - and all the other branches also start with .* or with \A or \G or ^. - The optimization is automatically disabled for .* if it is inside an + .* is the first significant item in a top-level branch of a pattern, + and all the other branches also start with .* or with \A or \G or ^. + The optimization is automatically disabled for .* if it is inside an atomic group or a capture group that is the subject of a backreference, or if the pattern contains (*PRUNE) or (*SKIP). When the optimization is not disabled, such a pattern is automatically anchored if PCRE2_DOTALL is set for all the .* items and PCRE2_MULTILINE is not set - for any ^ items. Otherwise, the fact that any match must start either - at the start of the subject or following a newline is remembered. Like + for any ^ items. Otherwise, the fact that any match must start either + at the start of the subject or following a newline is remembered. Like other optimizations, this can cause callouts to be skipped. PCRE2_NO_START_OPTIMIZE - This is an option whose main effect is at matching time. It does not + This is an option whose main effect is at matching time. It does not change what pcre2_compile() generates, but it does affect the output of the JIT compiler. @@ -1761,8 +1795,8 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN the pattern is run. The PCRE2_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option disables the start-up optimizations, - possibly causing performance to suffer, but ensuring that in cases - where the result is "no match", the callouts do occur, and that items + possibly causing performance to suffer, but ensuring that in cases + where the result is "no match", the callouts do occur, and that items such as (*COMMIT) and (*MARK) are considered at every possible starting position in the subject string. @@ -1789,14 +1823,14 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN The minimum length for a match is two characters. If the subject is "XXBB", the "starting character" optimization skips "XX", then tries to - match "BB", which is long enough. In the process, (*MARK:2) is encoun- - tered and remembered. When the match attempt fails, the next "B" is - found, but there is only one character left, so there are no more at- - tempts, and "no match" is returned with the "last mark seen" set to - "2". If NO_START_OPTIMIZE is set, however, matches are tried at every - possible starting position, including at the end of the subject, where - (*MARK:1) is encountered, but there is no "B", so the "last mark seen" - that is returned is "1". In this case, the optimizations do not affect + match "BB", which is long enough. In the process, (*MARK:2) is encoun- + tered and remembered. When the match attempt fails, the next "B" is + found, but there is only one character left, so there are no more at- + tempts, and "no match" is returned with the "last mark seen" set to + "2". If NO_START_OPTIMIZE is set, however, matches are tried at every + possible starting position, including at the end of the subject, where + (*MARK:1) is encountered, but there is no "B", so the "last mark seen" + that is returned is "1". In this case, the optimizations do not affect the overall match result, which is still "no match", but they do affect the auxiliary information that is returned. @@ -1811,11 +1845,11 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN If you know that your pattern is a valid UTF string, and you want to skip this check for performance reasons, you can set the PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK option. When it is set, the effect of passing an in- - valid UTF string as a pattern is undefined. It may cause your program + valid UTF string as a pattern is undefined. It may cause your program to crash or loop. Note that this option can also be passed to pcre2_match() and - pcre2_dfa_match(), to suppress UTF validity checking of the subject + pcre2_dfa_match(), to suppress UTF validity checking of the subject string. Note also that setting PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK at compile time does not dis- @@ -1833,17 +1867,19 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN This option has two effects. Firstly, it change the way PCRE2 processes \B, \b, \D, \d, \S, \s, \W, \w, and some of the POSIX character classes. By default, only ASCII characters are recognized, but if - PCRE2_UCP is set, Unicode properties are used instead to classify char- - acters. More details are given in the section on generic character - types in the pcre2pattern page. If you set PCRE2_UCP, matching one of - the items it affects takes much longer. + PCRE2_UCP is set, Unicode properties are used to classify characters. + There are some PCRE2_EXTRA options (see below) that add finer control + to this behaviour. More details are given in the section on generic + character types in the pcre2pattern page. The second effect of PCRE2_UCP is to force the use of Unicode proper- - ties for upper/lower casing operations on characters with code points - greater than 127, even when PCRE2_UTF is not set. This makes it possi- - ble, for example, to process strings in the 16-bit UCS-2 code. This op- - tion is available only if PCRE2 has been compiled with Unicode support - (which is the default). + ties for upper/lower casing operations, even when PCRE2_UTF is not set. + This makes it possible to process strings in the 16-bit UCS-2 code. + This option is available only if PCRE2 has been compiled with Unicode + support (which is the default). The PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT op- + tion (see below) restricts caseless matching such that ASCII characters + match only ASCII characters and non-ASCII characters match only non- + ASCII characters. PCRE2_UNGREEDY @@ -1855,22 +1891,22 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN PCRE2_USE_OFFSET_LIMIT This option must be set for pcre2_compile() if pcre2_set_offset_limit() - is going to be used to set a non-default offset limit in a match con- - text for matches that use this pattern. An error is generated if an - offset limit is set without this option. For more details, see the de- - scription of pcre2_set_offset_limit() in the section that describes + is going to be used to set a non-default offset limit in a match con- + text for matches that use this pattern. An error is generated if an + offset limit is set without this option. For more details, see the de- + scription of pcre2_set_offset_limit() in the section that describes match contexts. See also the PCRE2_FIRSTLINE option above. PCRE2_UTF - This option causes PCRE2 to regard both the pattern and the subject - strings that are subsequently processed as strings of UTF characters - instead of single-code-unit strings. It is available when PCRE2 is - built to include Unicode support (which is the default). If Unicode + This option causes PCRE2 to regard both the pattern and the subject + strings that are subsequently processed as strings of UTF characters + instead of single-code-unit strings. It is available when PCRE2 is + built to include Unicode support (which is the default). If Unicode support is not available, the use of this option provokes an error. De- tails of how PCRE2_UTF changes the behaviour of PCRE2 are given in the pcre2unicode page. In particular, note that it changes the way - PCRE2_CASELESS handles characters with code points greater than 127. + PCRE2_CASELESS works. Extra compile options @@ -1886,41 +1922,73 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN PCRE2_EXTRA_ALLOW_SURROGATE_ESCAPES - This option applies when compiling a pattern in UTF-8 or UTF-32 mode. - It is forbidden in UTF-16 mode, and ignored in non-UTF modes. Unicode + This option applies when compiling a pattern in UTF-8 or UTF-32 mode. + It is forbidden in UTF-16 mode, and ignored in non-UTF modes. Unicode "surrogate" code points in the range 0xd800 to 0xdfff are used in pairs in UTF-16 to encode code points with values in the range 0x10000 to 0x10ffff. The surrogates cannot therefore be represented in UTF-16. They can be represented in UTF-8 and UTF-32, but are defined as invalid - code points, and cause errors if encountered in a UTF-8 or UTF-32 + code points, and cause errors if encountered in a UTF-8 or UTF-32 string that is being checked for validity by PCRE2. - These values also cause errors if encountered in escape sequences such + These values also cause errors if encountered in escape sequences such as \x{d912} within a pattern. However, it seems that some applications, when using PCRE2 to check for unwanted characters in UTF-8 strings, ex- - plicitly test for the surrogates using escape sequences. The - PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK option does not disable the error that occurs, be- + plicitly test for the surrogates using escape sequences. The + PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK option does not disable the error that occurs, be- cause it applies only to the testing of input strings for UTF validity. - If the extra option PCRE2_EXTRA_ALLOW_SURROGATE_ESCAPES is set, surro- - gate code point values in UTF-8 and UTF-32 patterns no longer provoke - errors and are incorporated in the compiled pattern. However, they can - only match subject characters if the matching function is called with + If the extra option PCRE2_EXTRA_ALLOW_SURROGATE_ESCAPES is set, surro- + gate code point values in UTF-8 and UTF-32 patterns no longer provoke + errors and are incorporated in the compiled pattern. However, they can + only match subject characters if the matching function is called with PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK set. PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX - The original option PCRE2_ALT_BSUX causes PCRE2 to process \U, \u, and - \x in the way that ECMAscript (aka JavaScript) does. Additional func- + The original option PCRE2_ALT_BSUX causes PCRE2 to process \U, \u, and + \x in the way that ECMAscript (aka JavaScript) does. Additional func- tionality was defined by ECMAscript 6; setting PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX has the effect of PCRE2_ALT_BSUX, but in addition it recognizes \u{hhh..} as a hexadecimal character code, where hhh.. is any number of hexadeci- mal digits. + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSD + + This option forces \d to match only ASCII digits, even when PCRE2_UCP + is set. It can be changed within a pattern by means of the (?aD) op- + tion setting. + + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSS + + This option forces \s to match only ASCII space characters, even when + PCRE2_UCP is set. It can be changed within a pattern by means of the + (?aS) option setting. + + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSW + + This option forces \w to match only ASCII word characters, even when + PCRE2_UCP is set. It can be changed within a pattern by means of the + (?aW) option setting. + + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT + + This option forces the POSIX character classes [:digit:] and [:xdigit:] + to match only ASCII digits, even when PCRE2_UCP is set. It can be + changed within a pattern by means of the (?aT) option setting. + + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX + + This option forces all the POSIX character classes, including [:digit:] + and [:xdigit:], to match only ASCII characters, even when PCRE2_UCP is + set. It can be changed within a pattern by means of the (?aP) option + setting, but note that this also sets PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT in order + to ensure that (?-aP) unsets all ASCII restrictions for POSIX classes. + PCRE2_EXTRA_BAD_ESCAPE_IS_LITERAL - This is a dangerous option. Use with care. By default, an unrecognized - escape such as \j or a malformed one such as \x{2z} causes a compile- + This is a dangerous option. Use with care. By default, an unrecognized + escape such as \j or a malformed one such as \x{2z} causes a compile- time error when detected by pcre2_compile(). Perl is somewhat inconsis- tent in handling such items: for example, \j is treated as a literal "j", and non-hexadecimal digits in \x{} are just ignored, though warn- @@ -1933,37 +2001,49 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN treated as single-character escapes. For example, \j is a literal "j" and \x{2z} is treated as the literal string "x{2z}". Setting this op- tion means that typos in patterns may go undetected and have unexpected - results. Also note that a sequence such as [\N{] is interpreted as a - malformed attempt at [\N{...}] and so is treated as [N{] whereas [\N] + results. Also note that a sequence such as [\N{] is interpreted as a + malformed attempt at [\N{...}] and so is treated as [N{] whereas [\N] gives an error because an unqualified \N is a valid escape sequence but is not supported in a character class. To reiterate: this is a danger- ous option. Use with great care. + PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT + + When either PCRE2_UCP or PCRE2_UTF is set, caseless matching follows + Unicode rules, which allow for more than two cases per character. There + are two case-equivalent character sets that contain both ASCII and non- + ASCII characters. The ASCII letter S is case-equivalent to U+017f (long + S) and the ASCII letter K is case-equivalent to U+212a (Kelvin sign). + This option disables recognition of case-equivalences that cross the + ASCII/non-ASCII boundary. In a caseless match, both characters must ei- + ther be ASCII or non-ASCII. The option can be changed with a pattern by + the (?r) option setting. + PCRE2_EXTRA_ESCAPED_CR_IS_LF - There are some legacy applications where the escape sequence \r in a - pattern is expected to match a newline. If this option is set, \r in a - pattern is converted to \n so that it matches a LF (linefeed) instead - of a CR (carriage return) character. The option does not affect a lit- - eral CR in the pattern, nor does it affect CR specified as an explicit + There are some legacy applications where the escape sequence \r in a + pattern is expected to match a newline. If this option is set, \r in a + pattern is converted to \n so that it matches a LF (linefeed) instead + of a CR (carriage return) character. The option does not affect a lit- + eral CR in the pattern, nor does it affect CR specified as an explicit code point such as \x{0D}. PCRE2_EXTRA_MATCH_LINE - This option is provided for use by the -x option of pcre2grep. It - causes the pattern only to match complete lines. This is achieved by - automatically inserting the code for "^(?:" at the start of the com- - piled pattern and ")$" at the end. Thus, when PCRE2_MULTILINE is set, - the matched line may be in the middle of the subject string. This op- + This option is provided for use by the -x option of pcre2grep. It + causes the pattern only to match complete lines. This is achieved by + automatically inserting the code for "^(?:" at the start of the com- + piled pattern and ")$" at the end. Thus, when PCRE2_MULTILINE is set, + the matched line may be in the middle of the subject string. This op- tion can be used with PCRE2_LITERAL. PCRE2_EXTRA_MATCH_WORD - This option is provided for use by the -w option of pcre2grep. It - causes the pattern only to match strings that have a word boundary at - the start and the end. This is achieved by automatically inserting the - code for "\b(?:" at the start of the compiled pattern and ")\b" at the - end. The option may be used with PCRE2_LITERAL. However, it is ignored + This option is provided for use by the -w option of pcre2grep. It + causes the pattern only to match strings that have a word boundary at + the start and the end. This is achieved by automatically inserting the + code for "\b(?:" at the start of the compiled pattern and ")\b" at the + end. The option may be used with PCRE2_LITERAL. However, it is ignored if PCRE2_EXTRA_MATCH_LINE is also set. @@ -1978,16 +2058,16 @@ JUST-IN-TIME (JIT) COMPILATION void pcre2_jit_free_unused_memory(pcre2_general_context *gcontext); - pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(PCRE2_SIZE startsize, - PCRE2_SIZE maxsize, pcre2_general_context *gcontext); + pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(size_t startsize, + size_t maxsize, pcre2_general_context *gcontext); void pcre2_jit_stack_assign(pcre2_match_context *mcontext, pcre2_jit_callback callback_function, void *callback_data); void pcre2_jit_stack_free(pcre2_jit_stack *jit_stack); - These functions provide support for JIT compilation, which, if the - just-in-time compiler is available, further processes a compiled pat- + These functions provide support for JIT compilation, which, if the + just-in-time compiler is available, further processes a compiled pat- tern into machine code that executes much faster than the pcre2_match() interpretive matching function. Full details are given in the pcre2jit documentation. @@ -2009,34 +2089,36 @@ LOCALE SUPPORT PCRE2 handles caseless matching, and determines whether characters are letters, digits, or whatever, by reference to a set of tables, indexed by character code point. However, this applies only to characters whose - code points are less than 256. By default, higher-valued code points + code points are less than 256. By default, higher-valued code points never match escapes such as \w or \d. When PCRE2 is built with Unicode support (the default), certain Unicode character properties can be tested with \p and \P, or, alternatively, the PCRE2_UCP option can be set when a pattern is compiled; this causes - \w and friends to use Unicode property support instead of the built-in + \w and friends to use Unicode property support instead of the built-in tables. PCRE2_UCP also causes upper/lower casing operations on charac- ters with code points greater than 127 to use Unicode properties. These - effects apply even when PCRE2_UTF is not set. + effects apply even when PCRE2_UTF is not set. There are, however, some + PCRE2_EXTRA options (see above) that can be used to modify or suppress + them. - The use of locales with Unicode is discouraged. If you are handling - characters with code points greater than 127, you should either use + The use of locales with Unicode is discouraged. If you are handling + characters with code points greater than 127, you should either use Unicode support, or use locales, but not try to mix the two. - PCRE2 contains a built-in set of character tables that are used by de- - fault. These are sufficient for many applications. Normally, the in- - ternal tables recognize only ASCII characters. However, when PCRE2 is + PCRE2 contains a built-in set of character tables that are used by de- + fault. These are sufficient for many applications. Normally, the in- + ternal tables recognize only ASCII characters. However, when PCRE2 is built, it is possible to cause the internal tables to be rebuilt in the default "C" locale of the local system, which may cause them to be dif- ferent. - The built-in tables can be overridden by tables supplied by the appli- - cation that calls PCRE2. These may be created in a different locale - from the default. As more and more applications change to using Uni- + The built-in tables can be overridden by tables supplied by the appli- + cation that calls PCRE2. These may be created in a different locale + from the default. As more and more applications change to using Uni- code, the need for this locale support is expected to die away. - External tables are built by calling the pcre2_maketables() function, + External tables are built by calling the pcre2_maketables() function, in the relevant locale. The only argument to this function is a general context, which can be used to pass a custom memory allocator. If the argument is NULL, the system malloc() is used. The result can be passed @@ -2065,20 +2147,20 @@ LOCALE SUPPORT It is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the memory containing the tables remains available while they are still in use. When they are - no longer needed, you can discard them using pcre2_maketables_free(), - which should pass as its first parameter the same global context that + no longer needed, you can discard them using pcre2_maketables_free(), + which should pass as its first parameter the same global context that was used to create the tables. Saving locale tables - The tables described above are just a sequence of binary bytes, which - makes them independent of hardware characteristics such as endianness - or whether the processor is 32-bit or 64-bit. A copy of the result of - pcre2_maketables() can therefore be saved in a file or elsewhere and - re-used later, even in a different program or on another computer. The - size of the tables (number of bytes) must be obtained by calling - pcre2_config() with the PCRE2_CONFIG_TABLES_LENGTH option because - pcre2_maketables() does not return this value. Note that the + The tables described above are just a sequence of binary bytes, which + makes them independent of hardware characteristics such as endianness + or whether the processor is 32-bit or 64-bit. A copy of the result of + pcre2_maketables() can therefore be saved in a file or elsewhere and + re-used later, even in a different program or on another computer. The + size of the tables (number of bytes) must be obtained by calling + pcre2_config() with the PCRE2_CONFIG_TABLES_LENGTH option because + pcre2_maketables() does not return this value. Note that the pcre2_dftables program, which is part of the PCRE2 build system, can be used stand-alone to create a file that contains a set of binary tables. See the pcre2build documentation for details. @@ -2088,13 +2170,13 @@ INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPILED PATTERN int pcre2_pattern_info(const pcre2 *code, uint32_t what, void *where); - The pcre2_pattern_info() function returns general information about a + The pcre2_pattern_info() function returns general information about a compiled pattern. For information about callouts, see the next section. The first argument for pcre2_pattern_info() is a pointer to the com- piled pattern. The second argument specifies which piece of information - is required, and the third argument is a pointer to a variable to re- - ceive the data. If the third argument is NULL, the first argument is - ignored, and the function returns the size in bytes of the variable + is required, and the third argument is a pointer to a variable to re- + ceive the data. If the third argument is NULL, the first argument is + ignored, and the function returns the size in bytes of the variable that is required for the information requested. Otherwise, the yield of the function is zero for success, or one of the following negative num- bers: @@ -2136,10 +2218,10 @@ INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPILED PATTERN TENDED option, the result for PCRE2_INFO_ALLOPTIONS is PCRE2_EXTENDED and PCRE2_UTF. Option settings such as (?i) that can change within a pattern do not affect the result of PCRE2_INFO_ALLOPTIONS, even if they - appear right at the start of the pattern. (This was different in some + appear right at the start of the pattern. (This was different in some earlier releases.) - A pattern compiled without PCRE2_ANCHORED is automatically anchored by + A pattern compiled without PCRE2_ANCHORED is automatically anchored by PCRE2 if the first significant item in every top-level branch is one of the following: @@ -2186,23 +2268,23 @@ INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPILED PATTERN PCRE2_INFO_DEPTHLIMIT - If the pattern set a backtracking depth limit by including an item of - the form (*LIMIT_DEPTH=nnnn) at the start, the value is returned. The + If the pattern set a backtracking depth limit by including an item of + the form (*LIMIT_DEPTH=nnnn) at the start, the value is returned. The third argument should point to a uint32_t integer. If no such value has been set, the call to pcre2_pattern_info() returns the error PCRE2_ER- ROR_UNSET. Note that this limit will only be used during matching if it - is less than the limit set or defaulted by the caller of the match + is less than the limit set or defaulted by the caller of the match function. PCRE2_INFO_FIRSTBITMAP - In the absence of a single first code unit for a non-anchored pattern, - pcre2_compile() may construct a 256-bit table that defines a fixed set - of values for the first code unit in any match. For example, a pattern - that starts with [abc] results in a table with three bits set. When - code unit values greater than 255 are supported, the flag bit for 255 - means "any code unit of value 255 or above". If such a table was con- - structed, a pointer to it is returned. Otherwise NULL is returned. The + In the absence of a single first code unit for a non-anchored pattern, + pcre2_compile() may construct a 256-bit table that defines a fixed set + of values for the first code unit in any match. For example, a pattern + that starts with [abc] results in a table with three bits set. When + code unit values greater than 255 are supported, the flag bit for 255 + means "any code unit of value 255 or above". If such a table was con- + structed, a pointer to it is returned. Otherwise NULL is returned. The third argument should point to a const uint8_t * variable. PCRE2_INFO_FIRSTCODETYPE @@ -2253,39 +2335,39 @@ INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPILED PATTERN If the pattern set a heap memory limit by including an item of the form (*LIMIT_HEAP=nnnn) at the start, the value is returned. The third argu- ment should point to a uint32_t integer. If no such value has been set, - the call to pcre2_pattern_info() returns the error PCRE2_ERROR_UNSET. - Note that this limit will only be used during matching if it is less + the call to pcre2_pattern_info() returns the error PCRE2_ERROR_UNSET. + Note that this limit will only be used during matching if it is less than the limit set or defaulted by the caller of the match function. PCRE2_INFO_JCHANGED - Return 1 if the (?J) or (?-J) option setting is used in the pattern, - otherwise 0. The third argument should point to a uint32_t variable. - (?J) and (?-J) set and unset the local PCRE2_DUPNAMES option, respec- + Return 1 if the (?J) or (?-J) option setting is used in the pattern, + otherwise 0. The third argument should point to a uint32_t variable. + (?J) and (?-J) set and unset the local PCRE2_DUPNAMES option, respec- tively. PCRE2_INFO_JITSIZE - If the compiled pattern was successfully processed by pcre2_jit_com- - pile(), return the size of the JIT compiled code, otherwise return + If the compiled pattern was successfully processed by pcre2_jit_com- + pile(), return the size of the JIT compiled code, otherwise return zero. The third argument should point to a size_t variable. PCRE2_INFO_LASTCODETYPE - Returns 1 if there is a rightmost literal code unit that must exist in - any matched string, other than at its start. The third argument should + Returns 1 if there is a rightmost literal code unit that must exist in + any matched string, other than at its start. The third argument should point to a uint32_t variable. If there is no such value, 0 is returned. When 1 is returned, the code unit value itself can be retrieved using PCRE2_INFO_LASTCODEUNIT. For anchored patterns, a last literal value is - recorded only if it follows something of variable length. For example, - for the pattern /^a\d+z\d+/ the returned value is 1 (with "z" returned - from PCRE2_INFO_LASTCODEUNIT), but for /^a\dz\d/ the returned value is + recorded only if it follows something of variable length. For example, + for the pattern /^a\d+z\d+/ the returned value is 1 (with "z" returned + from PCRE2_INFO_LASTCODEUNIT), but for /^a\dz\d/ the returned value is 0. PCRE2_INFO_LASTCODEUNIT - Return the value of the rightmost literal code unit that must exist in - any matched string, other than at its start, for a pattern where + Return the value of the rightmost literal code unit that must exist in + any matched string, other than at its start, for a pattern where PCRE2_INFO_LASTCODETYPE returns 1. Otherwise, return 0. The third argu- ment should point to a uint32_t variable. @@ -2299,9 +2381,9 @@ INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPILED PATTERN PCRE2_INFO_MATCHLIMIT - If the pattern set a match limit by including an item of the form - (*LIMIT_MATCH=nnnn) at the start, the value is returned. The third ar- - gument should point to a uint32_t integer. If no such value has been + If the pattern set a match limit by including an item of the form + (*LIMIT_MATCH=nnnn) at the start, the value is returned. The third ar- + gument should point to a uint32_t integer. If no such value has been set, the call to pcre2_pattern_info() returns the error PCRE2_ERROR_UN- SET. Note that this limit will only be used during matching if it is less than the limit set or defaulted by the caller of the match func- @@ -2313,30 +2395,30 @@ INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPILED PATTERN code units) when it starts to process each of its branches. This re- quest returns the largest of these backward moves. The third argument should point to a uint32_t integer. The simple assertions \b and \B re- - quire a one-character lookbehind and cause PCRE2_INFO_MAXLOOKBEHIND to - return 1 in the absence of anything longer. \A also registers a one- - character lookbehind, though it does not actually inspect the previous + quire a one-character lookbehind and cause PCRE2_INFO_MAXLOOKBEHIND to + return 1 in the absence of anything longer. \A also registers a one- + character lookbehind, though it does not actually inspect the previous character. Note that this information is useful for multi-segment matching only if the pattern contains no nested lookbehinds. For example, the pattern - (?<=a(?<=ba)c) returns a maximum lookbehind of 2, but when it is pro- - cessed, the first lookbehind moves back by two characters, matches one - character, then the nested lookbehind also moves back by two charac- - ters. This puts the matching point three characters earlier than it was - at the start. PCRE2_INFO_MAXLOOKBEHIND is really only useful as a de- - bugging tool. See the pcre2partial documentation for a discussion of + (?<=a(?<=ba)c) returns a maximum lookbehind of 2, but when it is + processed, the first lookbehind moves back by two characters, matches + one character, then the nested lookbehind also moves back by two char- + acters. This puts the matching point three characters earlier than it + was at the start. PCRE2_INFO_MAXLOOKBEHIND is really only useful as a + debugging tool. See the pcre2partial documentation for a discussion of multi-segment matching. PCRE2_INFO_MINLENGTH If a minimum length for matching subject strings was computed, its value is returned. Otherwise the returned value is 0. This value is not - computed when PCRE2_NO_START_OPTIMIZE is set. The value is a number of - characters, which in UTF mode may be different from the number of code - units. The third argument should point to a uint32_t variable. The - value is a lower bound to the length of any matching string. There may - not be any strings of that length that do actually match, but every + computed when PCRE2_NO_START_OPTIMIZE is set. The value is a number of + characters, which in UTF mode may be different from the number of code + units. The third argument should point to a uint32_t variable. The + value is a lower bound to the length of any matching string. There may + not be any strings of that length that do actually match, but every string that does match is at least that long. PCRE2_INFO_NAMECOUNT @@ -2346,10 +2428,10 @@ INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPILED PATTERN PCRE2 supports the use of named as well as numbered capturing parenthe- ses. The names are just an additional way of identifying the parenthe- ses, which still acquire numbers. Several convenience functions such as - pcre2_substring_get_byname() are provided for extracting captured sub- - strings by name. It is also possible to extract the data directly, by - first converting the name to a number in order to access the correct - pointers in the output vector (described with pcre2_match() below). To + pcre2_substring_get_byname() are provided for extracting captured sub- + strings by name. It is also possible to extract the data directly, by + first converting the name to a number in order to access the correct + pointers in the output vector (described with pcre2_match() below). To do the conversion, you need to use the name-to-number map, which is de- scribed by these three values. @@ -2375,13 +2457,13 @@ INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPILED PATTERN Duplicate names for capture groups with different numbers are permit- ted, but only if PCRE2_DUPNAMES is set. They appear in the table in the - order in which they were found in the pattern. In the absence of (?| - this is the order of increasing number; when (?| is used this is not - necessarily the case because later capture groups may have lower num- + order in which they were found in the pattern. In the absence of (?| + this is the order of increasing number; when (?| is used this is not + necessarily the case because later capture groups may have lower num- bers. - As a simple example of the name/number table, consider the following - pattern after compilation by the 8-bit library (assume PCRE2_EXTENDED + As a simple example of the name/number table, consider the following + pattern after compilation by the 8-bit library (assume PCRE2_EXTENDED is set, so white space - including newlines - is ignored): (? pcre2_set_newline Set the newline convention (? (\d\d)?\d\d) - @@ -2397,8 +2479,8 @@ INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPILED PATTERN 00 04 m o n t h 00 00 02 y e a r 00 ?? - When writing code to extract data from named capture groups using the - name-to-number map, remember that the length of the entries is likely + When writing code to extract data from named capture groups using the + name-to-number map, remember that the length of the entries is likely to be different for each compiled pattern. PCRE2_INFO_NEWLINE @@ -2423,8 +2505,8 @@ INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPILED PATTERN code units of the compiled pattern itself. The value that is used when pcre2_compile() is getting memory in which to place the compiled pat- tern may be slightly larger than the value returned by this option, be- - cause there are cases where the code that calculates the size has to - over-estimate. Processing a pattern with the JIT compiler does not al- + cause there are cases where the code that calculates the size has to + over-estimate. Processing a pattern with the JIT compiler does not al- ter the value returned by this option. @@ -2437,9 +2519,9 @@ INFORMATION ABOUT A PATTERN'S CALLOUTS A script language that supports the use of string arguments in callouts might like to scan all the callouts in a pattern before running the match. This can be done by calling pcre2_callout_enumerate(). The first - argument is a pointer to a compiled pattern, the second points to a - callback function, and the third is arbitrary user data. The callback - function is called for every callout in the pattern in the order in + argument is a pointer to a compiled pattern, the second points to a + callback function, and the third is arbitrary user data. The callback + function is called for every callout in the pattern in the order in which they appear. Its first argument is a pointer to a callout enumer- ation block, and its second argument is the user_data value that was passed to pcre2_callout_enumerate(). The contents of the callout enu- @@ -2449,17 +2531,17 @@ INFORMATION ABOUT A PATTERN'S CALLOUTS SERIALIZATION AND PRECOMPILING - It is possible to save compiled patterns on disc or elsewhere, and - reload them later, subject to a number of restrictions. The host on - which the patterns are reloaded must be running the same version of - PCRE2, with the same code unit width, and must also have the same endi- - anness, pointer width, and PCRE2_SIZE type. Before compiled patterns - can be saved, they must be converted to a "serialized" form, which in - the case of PCRE2 is really just a bytecode dump. The functions whose - names begin with pcre2_serialize_ are used for converting to and from - the serialized form. They are described in the pcre2serialize documen- - tation. Note that PCRE2 serialization does not convert compiled pat- - terns to an abstract format like Java or .NET serialization. + It is possible to save compiled patterns on disc or elsewhere, and re- + load them later, subject to a number of restrictions. The host on which + the patterns are reloaded must be running the same version of PCRE2, + with the same code unit width, and must also have the same endianness, + pointer width, and PCRE2_SIZE type. Before compiled patterns can be + saved, they must be converted to a "serialized" form, which in the case + of PCRE2 is really just a bytecode dump. The functions whose names be- + gin with pcre2_serialize_ are used for converting to and from the seri- + alized form. They are described in the pcre2serialize documentation. + Note that PCRE2 serialization does not convert compiled patterns to an + abstract format like Java or .NET serialization. THE MATCH DATA BLOCK @@ -2478,7 +2560,7 @@ THE MATCH DATA BLOCK of offsets into the subject string that define the matched parts of the subject. This is known as the ovector. - Before calling pcre2_match(), pcre2_dfa_match(), or pcre2_jit_match() + Before calling pcre2_match(), pcre2_dfa_match(), or pcre2_jit_match() you must create a match data block by calling one of the creation func- tions above. For pcre2_match_data_create(), the first argument is the number of pairs of offsets in the ovector. @@ -2486,26 +2568,28 @@ THE MATCH DATA BLOCK When using pcre2_match(), one pair of offsets is required to identify the string that matched the whole pattern, with an additional pair for each captured substring. For example, a value of 4 creates enough space - to record the matched portion of the subject plus three captured sub- + to record the matched portion of the subject plus three captured sub- strings. - When using pcre2_dfa_match() there may be multiple matched substrings - of different lengths at the same point in the subject. The ovector + When using pcre2_dfa_match() there may be multiple matched substrings + of different lengths at the same point in the subject. The ovector should be made large enough to hold as many as are expected. - A minimum of at least 1 pair is imposed by pcre2_match_data_create(), - so it is always possible to return the overall matched string in the - case of pcre2_match() or the longest match in the case of - pcre2_dfa_match(). + A minimum of at least 1 pair is imposed by pcre2_match_data_create(), + so it is always possible to return the overall matched string in the + case of pcre2_match() or the longest match in the case of + pcre2_dfa_match(). The maximum number of pairs is 65535; if the the + first argument of pcre2_match_data_create() is greater than this, 65535 + is used. The second argument of pcre2_match_data_create() is a pointer to a gen- - eral context, which can specify custom memory management for obtaining + eral context, which can specify custom memory management for obtaining the memory for the match data block. If you are not using custom memory management, pass NULL, which causes malloc() to be used. For pcre2_match_data_create_from_pattern(), the first argument is a pointer to a compiled pattern. The ovector is created to be exactly the - right size to hold all the substrings a pattern might capture when + right size to hold all the substrings a pattern might capture when matched using pcre2_match(). You should not use this call when matching with pcre2_dfa_match(). The second argument is again a pointer to a general context, but in this case if NULL is passed, the memory is ob- @@ -2526,17 +2610,50 @@ THE MATCH DATA BLOCK pattern and the subject string are set in the match data block so that they can be referenced by the extraction functions after a successful match. After running a match, you must not free a compiled pattern or a - subject string until after all operations on the match data block (for - that match) have taken place, unless, in the case of the subject - string, you have used the PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT option, which is - described in the section entitled "Option bits for pcre2_match()" be- + subject string until after all operations on the match data block (for + that match) have taken place, unless, in the case of the subject + string, you have used the PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT option, which is + described in the section entitled "Option bits for pcre2_match()" be- low. - When a match data block itself is no longer needed, it should be freed - by calling pcre2_match_data_free(). If this function is called with a + When a match data block itself is no longer needed, it should be freed + by calling pcre2_match_data_free(). If this function is called with a NULL argument, it returns immediately, without doing anything. +MEMORY USE FOR MATCH DATA BLOCKS + + PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_size(pcre2_match_data *match_data); + + PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size( + pcre2_match_data *match_data); + + The size of a match data block depends on the size of the ovector that + it contains. The function pcre2_get_match_data_size() returns the size, + in bytes, of the block that is its argument. + + When pcre2_match() runs interpretively (that is, without using JIT), it + makes use of a vector of data frames for remembering backtracking posi- + tions. The size of each individual frame depends on the number of cap- + turing parentheses in the pattern and can be obtained by calling + pcre2_pattern_info() with the PCRE2_INFO_FRAMESIZE option (see the sec- + tion entitled "Information about a compiled pattern" above). + + Heap memory is used for the frames vector; if the initial memory block + turns out to be too small during matching, it is automatically ex- + panded. When pcre2_match() returns, the memory is not freed, but re- + mains attached to the match data block, for use by any subsequent + matches that use the same block. It is automatically freed when the + match data block itself is freed. + + You can find the current size of the frames vector that a match data + block owns by calling pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size(). For a + newly created match data block the size will be zero. Some types of + match may require a lot of frames and thus a large vector; applications + that run in environments where memory is constrained can check this and + free the match data block if the heap frames vector has become too big. + + MATCHING A PATTERN: THE TRADITIONAL FUNCTION int pcre2_match(const pcre2_code *code, PCRE2_SPTR subject, @@ -2544,8 +2661,8 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE TRADITIONAL FUNCTION uint32_t options, pcre2_match_data *match_data, pcre2_match_context *mcontext); - The function pcre2_match() is called to match a subject string against - a compiled pattern, which is passed in the code argument. You can call + The function pcre2_match() is called to match a subject string against + a compiled pattern, which is passed in the code argument. You can call pcre2_match() with the same code argument as many times as you like, in order to find multiple matches in the subject string or to match dif- ferent subject strings with the same pattern. @@ -2580,38 +2697,38 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE TRADITIONAL FUNCTION bytes for the 8-bit library, 16-bit code units for the 16-bit library, and 32-bit code units for the 32-bit library, whether or not UTF pro- cessing is enabled. As a special case, if subject is NULL and length is - zero, the subject is assumed to be an empty string. If length is non- + zero, the subject is assumed to be an empty string. If length is non- zero, an error occurs if subject is NULL. If startoffset is greater than the length of the subject, pcre2_match() returns PCRE2_ERROR_BADOFFSET. When the starting offset is zero, the search for a match starts at the beginning of the subject, and this is by far the most common case. In UTF-8 or UTF-16 mode, the starting off- - set must point to the start of a character, or to the end of the sub- - ject (in UTF-32 mode, one code unit equals one character, so all off- - sets are valid). Like the pattern string, the subject may contain bi- + set must point to the start of a character, or to the end of the sub- + ject (in UTF-32 mode, one code unit equals one character, so all off- + sets are valid). Like the pattern string, the subject may contain bi- nary zeros. - A non-zero starting offset is useful when searching for another match - in the same subject by calling pcre2_match() again after a previous - success. Setting startoffset differs from passing over a shortened - string and setting PCRE2_NOTBOL in the case of a pattern that begins + A non-zero starting offset is useful when searching for another match + in the same subject by calling pcre2_match() again after a previous + success. Setting startoffset differs from passing over a shortened + string and setting PCRE2_NOTBOL in the case of a pattern that begins with any kind of lookbehind. For example, consider the pattern \Biss\B - which finds occurrences of "iss" in the middle of words. (\B matches - only if the current position in the subject is not a word boundary.) - When applied to the string "Mississippi" the first call to - pcre2_match() finds the first occurrence. If pcre2_match() is called + which finds occurrences of "iss" in the middle of words. (\B matches + only if the current position in the subject is not a word boundary.) + When applied to the string "Mississippi" the first call to + pcre2_match() finds the first occurrence. If pcre2_match() is called again with just the remainder of the subject, namely "issippi", it does not match, because \B is always false at the start of the subject, which is deemed to be a word boundary. However, if pcre2_match() is passed the entire string again, but with startoffset set to 4, it finds - the second occurrence of "iss" because it is able to look behind the + the second occurrence of "iss" because it is able to look behind the starting point to discover that it is preceded by a letter. - Finding all the matches in a subject is tricky when the pattern can + Finding all the matches in a subject is tricky when the pattern can match an empty string. It is possible to emulate Perl's /g behaviour by first trying the match again at the same offset, with the PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART and PCRE2_ANCHORED options, and then if that @@ -2632,16 +2749,16 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE TRADITIONAL FUNCTION Option bits for pcre2_match() The unused bits of the options argument for pcre2_match() must be zero. - The only bits that may be set are PCRE2_ANCHORED, - PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT, PCRE2_ENDANCHORED, PCRE2_NOTBOL, PCRE2_NO- + The only bits that may be set are PCRE2_ANCHORED, + PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT, PCRE2_ENDANCHORED, PCRE2_NOTBOL, PCRE2_NO- TEOL, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, PCRE2_NO_JIT, - PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK, PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD, and PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT. Their + PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK, PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD, and PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT. Their action is described below. - Setting PCRE2_ANCHORED or PCRE2_ENDANCHORED at match time is not sup- - ported by the just-in-time (JIT) compiler. If it is set, JIT matching - is disabled and the interpretive code in pcre2_match() is run. Apart - from PCRE2_NO_JIT (obviously), the remaining options are supported for + Setting PCRE2_ANCHORED or PCRE2_ENDANCHORED at match time is not sup- + ported by the just-in-time (JIT) compiler. If it is set, JIT matching + is disabled and the interpretive code in pcre2_match() is run. Apart + from PCRE2_NO_JIT (obviously), the remaining options are supported for JIT matching. PCRE2_ANCHORED @@ -2671,8 +2788,8 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE TRADITIONAL FUNCTION PCRE2_ENDANCHORED - If the PCRE2_ENDANCHORED option is set, any string that pcre2_match() - matches must be right at the end of the subject string. Note that set- + If the PCRE2_ENDANCHORED option is set, any string that pcre2_match() + matches must be right at the end of the subject string. Note that set- ting the option at match time disables JIT matching. PCRE2_NOTBOL @@ -2703,12 +2820,12 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE TRADITIONAL FUNCTION is applied to a string not beginning with "a" or "b", it matches an empty string at the start of the subject. With PCRE2_NOTEMPTY set, this - match is not valid, so pcre2_match() searches further into the string + match is not valid, so pcre2_match() searches further into the string for occurrences of "a" or "b". PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART - This is like PCRE2_NOTEMPTY, except that it locks out an empty string + This is like PCRE2_NOTEMPTY, except that it locks out an empty string match only at the first matching position, that is, at the start of the subject plus the starting offset. An empty string match later in the subject is permitted. If the pattern is anchored, such a match can oc- @@ -2716,9 +2833,9 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE TRADITIONAL FUNCTION PCRE2_NO_JIT - By default, if a pattern has been successfully processed by - pcre2_jit_compile(), JIT is automatically used when pcre2_match() is - called with options that JIT supports. Setting PCRE2_NO_JIT disables + By default, if a pattern has been successfully processed by + pcre2_jit_compile(), JIT is automatically used when pcre2_match() is + called with options that JIT supports. Setting PCRE2_NO_JIT disables the use of JIT; it forces matching to be done by the interpreter. PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK @@ -2735,8 +2852,8 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE TRADITIONAL FUNCTION to the first code unit of a character or to the end of the subject. If there are no lookbehind assertions in the pattern, the check starts at the starting offset. Otherwise, it starts at the length of the longest - lookbehind before the starting offset, or at the start of the subject - if there are not that many characters before the starting offset. Note + lookbehind before the starting offset, or at the start of the subject + if there are not that many characters before the starting offset. Note that the sequences \b and \B are one-character lookbehinds. The check is carried out before any other processing takes place, and a @@ -2755,7 +2872,7 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE TRADITIONAL FUNCTION Warning: Unless PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF was set at compile time, when PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK is set at match time the effect of passing an in- valid string as a subject, or an invalid value of startoffset, is unde- - fined. Your program may crash or loop indefinitely or give wrong re- + fined. Your program may crash or loop indefinitely or give wrong re- sults. PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD @@ -2764,11 +2881,11 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE TRADITIONAL FUNCTION These options turn on the partial matching feature. A partial match oc- curs if the end of the subject string is reached successfully, but there are not enough subject characters to complete the match. In addi- - tion, either at least one character must have been inspected or the - pattern must contain a lookbehind, or the pattern must be one that + tion, either at least one character must have been inspected or the + pattern must contain a lookbehind, or the pattern must be one that could match an empty string. - If this situation arises when PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT (but not PCRE2_PAR- + If this situation arises when PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT (but not PCRE2_PAR- TIAL_HARD) is set, matching continues by testing any remaining alterna- tives. Only if no complete match can be found is PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL returned instead of PCRE2_ERROR_NOMATCH. In other words, PCRE2_PAR- @@ -2798,22 +2915,22 @@ NEWLINE HANDLING WHEN MATCHING failure for an unanchored pattern. When PCRE2_NEWLINE_CRLF, PCRE2_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF, or PCRE2_NEWLINE_ANY is - set as the newline convention, and a match attempt for an unanchored + set as the newline convention, and a match attempt for an unanchored pattern fails when the current starting position is at a CRLF sequence, and the pattern contains no explicit matches for CR or LF characters, the match position is advanced by two characters instead of one, in other words, to after the CRLF. The above rule is a compromise that makes the most common cases work as - expected. For example, if the pattern is .+A (and the PCRE2_DOTALL op- - tion is not set), it does not match the string "\r\nA" because, after - failing at the start, it skips both the CR and the LF before retrying. - However, the pattern [\r\n]A does match that string, because it con- + expected. For example, if the pattern is .+A (and the PCRE2_DOTALL op- + tion is not set), it does not match the string "\r\nA" because, after + failing at the start, it skips both the CR and the LF before retrying. + However, the pattern [\r\n]A does match that string, because it con- tains an explicit CR or LF reference, and so advances only by one char- acter after the first failure. An explicit match for CR of LF is either a literal appearance of one of - those characters in the pattern, or one of the \r or \n or equivalent + those characters in the pattern, or one of the \r or \n or equivalent octal or hexadecimal escape sequences. Implicit matches such as [^X] do not count, nor does \s, even though it includes CR and LF in the char- acters that it matches. @@ -2829,12 +2946,12 @@ HOW PCRE2_MATCH() RETURNS A STRING AND CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS PCRE2_SIZE *pcre2_get_ovector_pointer(pcre2_match_data *match_data); - In general, a pattern matches a certain portion of the subject, and in - addition, further substrings from the subject may be picked out by - parenthesized parts of the pattern. Following the usage in Jeffrey - Friedl's book, this is called "capturing" in what follows, and the - phrase "capture group" (Perl terminology) is used for a fragment of a - pattern that picks out a substring. PCRE2 supports several other kinds + In general, a pattern matches a certain portion of the subject, and in + addition, further substrings from the subject may be picked out by + parenthesized parts of the pattern. Following the usage in Jeffrey + Friedl's book, this is called "capturing" in what follows, and the + phrase "capture group" (Perl terminology) is used for a fragment of a + pattern that picks out a substring. PCRE2 supports several other kinds of parenthesized group that do not cause substrings to be captured. The pcre2_pattern_info() function can be used to find out how many capture groups there are in a compiled pattern. @@ -2843,9 +2960,9 @@ HOW PCRE2_MATCH() RETURNS A STRING AND CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS number or by name, as described in sections below. Alternatively, you can make direct use of the vector of PCRE2_SIZE val- - ues, called the ovector, which contains the offsets of captured - strings. It is part of the match data block. The function - pcre2_get_ovector_pointer() returns the address of the ovector, and + ues, called the ovector, which contains the offsets of captured + strings. It is part of the match data block. The function + pcre2_get_ovector_pointer() returns the address of the ovector, and pcre2_get_ovector_count() returns the number of pairs of values it con- tains. @@ -2856,48 +2973,48 @@ HOW PCRE2_MATCH() RETURNS A STRING AND CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS are byte offsets in the 8-bit library, 16-bit offsets in the 16-bit li- brary, and 32-bit offsets in the 32-bit library. - After a partial match (error return PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL), only the - first pair of offsets (that is, ovector[0] and ovector[1]) are set. - They identify the part of the subject that was partially matched. See + After a partial match (error return PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL), only the + first pair of offsets (that is, ovector[0] and ovector[1]) are set. + They identify the part of the subject that was partially matched. See the pcre2partial documentation for details of partial matching. - After a fully successful match, the first pair of offsets identifies - the portion of the subject string that was matched by the entire pat- - tern. The next pair is used for the first captured substring, and so - on. The value returned by pcre2_match() is one more than the highest - numbered pair that has been set. For example, if two substrings have - been captured, the returned value is 3. If there are no captured sub- + After a fully successful match, the first pair of offsets identifies + the portion of the subject string that was matched by the entire pat- + tern. The next pair is used for the first captured substring, and so + on. The value returned by pcre2_match() is one more than the highest + numbered pair that has been set. For example, if two substrings have + been captured, the returned value is 3. If there are no captured sub- strings, the return value from a successful match is 1, indicating that just the first pair of offsets has been set. If a pattern uses the \K escape sequence within a positive assertion, the reported start of a successful match can be greater than the end of - the match. For example, if the pattern (?=ab\K) is matched against + the match. For example, if the pattern (?=ab\K) is matched against "ab", the start and end offset values for the match are 2 and 0. - If a capture group is matched repeatedly within a single match opera- + If a capture group is matched repeatedly within a single match opera- tion, it is the last portion of the subject that it matched that is re- turned. If the ovector is too small to hold all the captured substring offsets, - as much as possible is filled in, and the function returns a value of - zero. If captured substrings are not of interest, pcre2_match() may be + as much as possible is filled in, and the function returns a value of + zero. If captured substrings are not of interest, pcre2_match() may be called with a match data block whose ovector is of minimum length (that is, one pair). It is possible for capture group number n+1 to match some part of the subject when group n has not been used at all. For example, if the string "abc" is matched against the pattern (a|(z))(bc) the return from - the function is 4, and groups 1 and 3 are matched, but 2 is not. When - this happens, both values in the offset pairs corresponding to unused + the function is 4, and groups 1 and 3 are matched, but 2 is not. When + this happens, both values in the offset pairs corresponding to unused groups are set to PCRE2_UNSET. - Offset values that correspond to unused groups at the end of the ex- - pression are also set to PCRE2_UNSET. For example, if the string "abc" - is matched against the pattern (abc)(x(yz)?)? groups 2 and 3 are not - matched. The return from the function is 2, because the highest used - capture group number is 1. The offsets for for the second and third - capture groupss (assuming the vector is large enough, of course) are + Offset values that correspond to unused groups at the end of the ex- + pression are also set to PCRE2_UNSET. For example, if the string "abc" + is matched against the pattern (abc)(x(yz)?)? groups 2 and 3 are not + matched. The return from the function is 2, because the highest used + capture group number is 1. The offsets for for the second and third + capture groupss (assuming the vector is large enough, of course) are set to PCRE2_UNSET. Elements in the ovector that do not correspond to capturing parentheses @@ -2926,11 +3043,11 @@ OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT A MATCH verbs, not just (*MARK). The same function applies to all the verbs. It returns a pointer to the zero-terminated name, which is within the com- piled pattern. If no name is available, NULL is returned. The length of - the name (excluding the terminating zero) is stored in the code unit - that precedes the name. You should use this length instead of relying + the name (excluding the terminating zero) is stored in the code unit + that precedes the name. You should use this length instead of relying on the terminating zero if the name might contain a binary zero. - After a successful match, the name that is returned is the last mark + After a successful match, the name that is returned is the last mark name encountered on the matching path through the pattern. Instances of backtracking verbs without names do not count. Thus, for example, if the matching path contains (*MARK:A)(*PRUNE), the name "A" is returned. @@ -2949,12 +3066,12 @@ OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT A MATCH anchoring is removed from the pattern above, there is an initial check for the presence of "c" in the subject before running the matching en- gine. This check fails for "bx", causing a match failure without seeing - any marks. You can disable the start-of-match optimizations by setting - the PCRE2_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option for pcre2_compile() or by starting + any marks. You can disable the start-of-match optimizations by setting + the PCRE2_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option for pcre2_compile() or by starting the pattern with (*NO_START_OPT). - After a successful match, a partial match, or one of the invalid UTF - errors (for example, PCRE2_ERROR_UTF8_ERR5), pcre2_get_startchar() can + After a successful match, a partial match, or one of the invalid UTF + errors (for example, PCRE2_ERROR_UTF8_ERR5), pcre2_get_startchar() can be called. After a successful or partial match it returns the code unit offset of the character at which the match started. For a non-partial match, this can be different to the value of ovector[0] if the pattern @@ -2969,11 +3086,11 @@ OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT A MATCH ERROR RETURNS FROM pcre2_match() - If pcre2_match() fails, it returns a negative number. This can be con- - verted to a text string by calling the pcre2_get_error_message() func- - tion (see "Obtaining a textual error message" below). Negative error - codes are also returned by other functions, and are documented with - them. The codes are given names in the header file. If UTF checking is + If pcre2_match() fails, it returns a negative number. This can be con- + verted to a text string by calling the pcre2_get_error_message() func- + tion (see "Obtaining a textual error message" below). Negative error + codes are also returned by other functions, and are documented with + them. The codes are given names in the header file. If UTF checking is in force and an invalid UTF subject string is detected, one of a number of UTF-specific negative error codes is returned. Details are given in the pcre2unicode page. The following are the other errors that may be @@ -2991,14 +3108,14 @@ ERROR RETURNS FROM pcre2_match() PCRE2_ERROR_BADMAGIC PCRE2 stores a 4-byte "magic number" at the start of the compiled code, - to catch the case when it is passed a junk pointer. This is the error + to catch the case when it is passed a junk pointer. This is the error that is returned when the magic number is not present. PCRE2_ERROR_BADMODE - This error is given when a compiled pattern is passed to a function in - a library of a different code unit width, for example, a pattern com- - piled by the 8-bit library is passed to a 16-bit or 32-bit library + This error is given when a compiled pattern is passed to a function in + a library of a different code unit width, for example, a pattern com- + piled by the 8-bit library is passed to a 16-bit or 32-bit library function. PCRE2_ERROR_BADOFFSET @@ -3049,12 +3166,12 @@ ERROR RETURNS FROM pcre2_match() PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY - If a pattern contains many nested backtracking points, heap memory is - used to remember them. This error is given when the memory allocation - function (default or custom) fails. Note that a different error, - PCRE2_ERROR_HEAPLIMIT, is given if the amount of memory needed exceeds - the heap limit. PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY is also returned if - PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT is set and memory allocation fails. + Heap memory is used to remember backgracking points. This error is + given when the memory allocation function (default or custom) fails. + Note that a different error, PCRE2_ERROR_HEAPLIMIT, is given if the + amount of memory needed exceeds the heap limit. PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY is + also returned if PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT is set and memory alloca- + tion fails. PCRE2_ERROR_NULL @@ -3062,8 +3179,8 @@ ERROR RETURNS FROM pcre2_match() PCRE2_ERROR_RECURSELOOP - This error is returned when pcre2_match() detects a recursion loop - within the pattern. Specifically, it means that either the whole pat- + This error is returned when pcre2_match() detects a recursion loop + within the pattern. Specifically, it means that either the whole pat- tern or a capture group has been called recursively for the second time at the same position in the subject string. Some simple patterns that might do this are detected and faulted at compile time, but more com- @@ -3087,7 +3204,7 @@ OBTAINING A TEXTUAL ERROR MESSAGE The returned message is terminated with a trailing zero, and the func- tion returns the number of code units used, excluding the trailing zero. If the error number is unknown, the negative error code PCRE2_ER- - ROR_BADDATA is returned. If the buffer is too small, the message is + ROR_BADDATA is returned. If the buffer is too small, the message is truncated (but still with a trailing zero), and the negative error code PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY is returned. None of the messages are very long; a buffer size of 120 code units is ample. @@ -3110,7 +3227,7 @@ EXTRACTING CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS BY NUMBER Captured substrings can be accessed directly by using the ovector as described above. For convenience, auxiliary functions are provided for - extracting captured substrings as new, separate, zero-terminated + extracting captured substrings as new, separate, zero-terminated strings. A substring that contains a binary zero is correctly extracted and has a further zero added on the end, but the result is not, of course, a C string. @@ -3124,23 +3241,23 @@ EXTRACTING CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS BY NUMBER If a pattern uses the \K escape sequence within a positive assertion, the reported start of a successful match can be greater than the end of - the match. For example, if the pattern (?=ab\K) is matched against - "ab", the start and end offset values for the match are 2 and 0. In - this situation, calling these functions with a zero substring number + the match. For example, if the pattern (?=ab\K) is matched against + "ab", the start and end offset values for the match are 2 and 0. In + this situation, calling these functions with a zero substring number extracts a zero-length empty string. - You can find the length in code units of a captured substring without - extracting it by calling pcre2_substring_length_bynumber(). The first - argument is a pointer to the match data block, the second is the group - number, and the third is a pointer to a variable into which the length - is placed. If you just want to know whether or not the substring has + You can find the length in code units of a captured substring without + extracting it by calling pcre2_substring_length_bynumber(). The first + argument is a pointer to the match data block, the second is the group + number, and the third is a pointer to a variable into which the length + is placed. If you just want to know whether or not the substring has been captured, you can pass the third argument as NULL. - The pcre2_substring_copy_bynumber() function copies a captured sub- - string into a supplied buffer, whereas pcre2_substring_get_bynumber() - copies it into new memory, obtained using the same memory allocation - function that was used for the match data block. The first two argu- - ments of these functions are a pointer to the match data block and a + The pcre2_substring_copy_bynumber() function copies a captured sub- + string into a supplied buffer, whereas pcre2_substring_get_bynumber() + copies it into new memory, obtained using the same memory allocation + function that was used for the match data block. The first two argu- + ments of these functions are a pointer to the match data block and a capture group number. The final arguments of pcre2_substring_copy_bynumber() are a pointer to @@ -3149,25 +3266,25 @@ EXTRACTING CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS BY NUMBER for the extracted substring, excluding the terminating zero. For pcre2_substring_get_bynumber() the third and fourth arguments point - to variables that are updated with a pointer to the new memory and the - number of code units that comprise the substring, again excluding the - terminating zero. When the substring is no longer needed, the memory + to variables that are updated with a pointer to the new memory and the + number of code units that comprise the substring, again excluding the + terminating zero. When the substring is no longer needed, the memory should be freed by calling pcre2_substring_free(). - The return value from all these functions is zero for success, or a - negative error code. If the pattern match failed, the match failure - code is returned. If a substring number greater than zero is used af- - ter a partial match, PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL is returned. Other possible + The return value from all these functions is zero for success, or a + negative error code. If the pattern match failed, the match failure + code is returned. If a substring number greater than zero is used af- + ter a partial match, PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL is returned. Other possible error codes are: PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY - The buffer was too small for pcre2_substring_copy_bynumber(), or the + The buffer was too small for pcre2_substring_copy_bynumber(), or the attempt to get memory failed for pcre2_substring_get_bynumber(). PCRE2_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING - There is no substring with that number in the pattern, that is, the + There is no substring with that number in the pattern, that is, the number is greater than the number of capturing parentheses. PCRE2_ERROR_UNAVAILABLE @@ -3178,8 +3295,8 @@ EXTRACTING CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS BY NUMBER PCRE2_ERROR_UNSET - The substring did not participate in the match. For example, if the - pattern is (abc)|(def) and the subject is "def", and the ovector con- + The substring did not participate in the match. For example, if the + pattern is (abc)|(def) and the subject is "def", and the ovector con- tains at least two capturing slots, substring number 1 is unset. @@ -3190,10 +3307,10 @@ EXTRACTING A LIST OF ALL CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS void pcre2_substring_list_free(PCRE2_SPTR *list); - The pcre2_substring_list_get() function extracts all available sub- - strings and builds a list of pointers to them. It also (optionally) - builds a second list that contains their lengths (in code units), ex- - cluding a terminating zero that is added to each of them. All this is + The pcre2_substring_list_get() function extracts all available sub- + strings and builds a list of pointers to them. It also (optionally) + builds a second list that contains their lengths (in code units), ex- + cluding a terminating zero that is added to each of them. All this is done in a single block of memory that is obtained using the same memory allocation function that was used to get the match data block. @@ -3202,8 +3319,8 @@ EXTRACTING A LIST OF ALL CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS The address of the memory block is returned via listptr, which is also the start of the list of string pointers. The end of the list is marked - by a NULL pointer. The address of the list of lengths is returned via - lengthsptr. If your strings do not contain binary zeros and you do not + by a NULL pointer. The address of the list of lengths is returned via + lengthsptr. If your strings do not contain binary zeros and you do not therefore need the lengths, you may supply NULL as the lengthsptr argu- ment to disable the creation of a list of lengths. The yield of the function is zero if all went well, or PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY if the mem- @@ -3211,8 +3328,8 @@ EXTRACTING A LIST OF ALL CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS should be freed by calling pcre2_substring_list_free(). If this function encounters a substring that is unset, which can happen - when capture group number n+1 matches some part of the subject, but - group n has not been used at all, it returns an empty string. This can + when capture group number n+1 matches some part of the subject, but + group n has not been used at all, it returns an empty string. This can be distinguished from a genuine zero-length substring by inspecting the appropriate offset in the ovector, which contain PCRE2_UNSET for unset substrings, or by calling pcre2_substring_length_bynumber(). @@ -3242,28 +3359,28 @@ EXTRACTING CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS BY NAME the number of the capture group called "xxx" is 2. If the name is known to be unique (PCRE2_DUPNAMES was not set), you can find the number from the name by calling pcre2_substring_number_from_name(). The first argu- - ment is the compiled pattern, and the second is the name. The yield of - the function is the group number, PCRE2_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING if there is - no group with that name, or PCRE2_ERROR_NOUNIQUESUBSTRING if there is - more than one group with that name. Given the number, you can extract - the substring directly from the ovector, or use one of the "bynumber" + ment is the compiled pattern, and the second is the name. The yield of + the function is the group number, PCRE2_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING if there is + no group with that name, or PCRE2_ERROR_NOUNIQUESUBSTRING if there is + more than one group with that name. Given the number, you can extract + the substring directly from the ovector, or use one of the "bynumber" functions described above. - For convenience, there are also "byname" functions that correspond to + For convenience, there are also "byname" functions that correspond to the "bynumber" functions, the only difference being that the second ar- gument is a name instead of a number. If PCRE2_DUPNAMES is set and there are duplicate names, these functions scan all the groups with the - given name, and return the captured substring from the first named + given name, and return the captured substring from the first named group that is set. - If there are no groups with the given name, PCRE2_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING is - returned. If all groups with the name have numbers that are greater + If there are no groups with the given name, PCRE2_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING is + returned. If all groups with the name have numbers that are greater than the number of slots in the ovector, PCRE2_ERROR_UNAVAILABLE is re- turned. If there is at least one group with a slot in the ovector, but no group is found to be set, PCRE2_ERROR_UNSET is returned. Warning: If the pattern uses the (?| feature to set up multiple capture - groups with the same number, as described in the section on duplicate + groups with the same number, as described in the section on duplicate group numbers in the pcre2pattern page, you cannot use names to distin- guish the different capture groups, because names are not included in the compiled code. The matching process uses only numbers. For this @@ -3283,9 +3400,9 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS This function optionally calls pcre2_match() and then makes a copy of the subject string in outputbuffer, replacing parts that were matched with the replacement string, whose length is supplied in rlength, which - can be given as PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED for a zero-terminated string. As - a special case, if replacement is NULL and rlength is zero, the re- - placement is assumed to be an empty string. If rlength is non-zero, an + can be given as PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED for a zero-terminated string. As + a special case, if replacement is NULL and rlength is zero, the re- + placement is assumed to be an empty string. If rlength is non-zero, an error occurs if replacement is NULL. There is an option (see PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_REPLACEMENT_ONLY below) to re- @@ -3302,10 +3419,10 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS Matches in which a \K item in a lookahead in the pattern causes the match to end before it starts are not supported, and give rise to an error return. For global replacements, matches in which \K in a lookbe- - hind causes the match to start earlier than the point that was reached + hind causes the match to start earlier than the point that was reached in the previous iteration are also not supported. - The first seven arguments of pcre2_substitute() are the same as for + The first seven arguments of pcre2_substitute() are the same as for pcre2_match(), except that the partial matching options are not permit- ted, and match_data may be passed as NULL, in which case a match data block is obtained and freed within this function, using memory manage- @@ -3314,7 +3431,7 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS If match_data is not NULL and PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_MATCHED is not set, the provided block is used for all calls to pcre2_match(), and its contents - afterwards are the result of the final call. For global changes, this + afterwards are the result of the final call. For global changes, this will always be a no-match error. The contents of the ovector within the match data block may or may not have been changed. @@ -3323,9 +3440,9 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS such option is PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_MATCHED. When this is set, an external match_data block must be provided, and it must have already been used for an external call to pcre2_match() with the same pattern and subject - arguments. The data in the match_data block (return code, offset vec- - tor) is then used for the first substitution instead of calling - pcre2_match() from within pcre2_substitute(). This allows an applica- + arguments. The data in the match_data block (return code, offset vec- + tor) is then used for the first substitution instead of calling + pcre2_match() from within pcre2_substitute(). This allows an applica- tion to check for a match before choosing to substitute, without having to repeat the match. @@ -3342,37 +3459,37 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS formation such as the UTF setting and the number of capturing parenthe- ses in the pattern. - The default action of pcre2_substitute() is to return a copy of the + The default action of pcre2_substitute() is to return a copy of the subject string with matched substrings replaced. However, if PCRE2_SUB- STITUTE_REPLACEMENT_ONLY is set, only the replacement substrings are returned. In the global case, multiple replacements are concatenated in - the output buffer. Substitution callouts (see below) can be used to + the output buffer. Substitution callouts (see below) can be used to separate them if necessary. - The outlengthptr argument of pcre2_substitute() must point to a vari- - able that contains the length, in code units, of the output buffer. If - the function is successful, the value is updated to contain the length - in code units of the new string, excluding the trailing zero that is + The outlengthptr argument of pcre2_substitute() must point to a vari- + able that contains the length, in code units, of the output buffer. If + the function is successful, the value is updated to contain the length + in code units of the new string, excluding the trailing zero that is automatically added. - If the function is not successful, the value set via outlengthptr de- - pends on the type of error. For syntax errors in the replacement + If the function is not successful, the value set via outlengthptr de- + pends on the type of error. For syntax errors in the replacement string, the value is the offset in the replacement string where the er- ror was detected. For other errors, the value is PCRE2_UNSET by de- fault. This includes the case of the output buffer being too small, un- less PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_OVERFLOW_LENGTH is set. - PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_OVERFLOW_LENGTH changes what happens when the output + PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_OVERFLOW_LENGTH changes what happens when the output buffer is too small. The default action is to return PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEM- ORY immediately. If this option is set, however, pcre2_substitute() continues to go through the motions of matching and substituting (with- - out, of course, writing anything) in order to compute the size of buf- - fer that is needed. This value is passed back via the outlengthptr - variable, with the result of the function still being PCRE2_ER- + out, of course, writing anything) in order to compute the size of + buffer that is needed. This value is passed back via the outlengthptr + variable, with the result of the function still being PCRE2_ER- ROR_NOMEMORY. - Passing a buffer size of zero is a permitted way of finding out how - much memory is needed for given substitution. However, this does mean + Passing a buffer size of zero is a permitted way of finding out how + much memory is needed for given substitution. However, this does mean that the entire operation is carried out twice. Depending on the appli- cation, it may be more efficient to allocate a large buffer and free the excess afterwards, instead of using PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_OVER- @@ -3383,7 +3500,7 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS invalid UTF replacement string causes an immediate return with the rel- evant UTF error code. - If PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_LITERAL is set, the replacement string is not in- + If PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_LITERAL is set, the replacement string is not in- terpreted in any way. By default, however, a dollar character is an es- cape character that can specify the insertion of characters from cap- ture groups and names from (*MARK) or other control verbs in the pat- @@ -3396,13 +3513,13 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS Either a group number or a group name can be given for . Curly brackets are required only if the following character would be inter- preted as part of the number or name. The number may be zero to include - the entire matched string. For example, if the pattern a(b)c is - matched with "=abc=" and the replacement string "+$1$0$1+", the result + the entire matched string. For example, if the pattern a(b)c is + matched with "=abc=" and the replacement string "+$1$0$1+", the result is "=+babcb+=". - $*MARK inserts the name from the last encountered backtracking control - verb on the matching path that has a name. (*MARK) must always include - a name, but the other verbs need not. For example, in the case of + $*MARK inserts the name from the last encountered backtracking control + verb on the matching path that has a name. (*MARK) must always include + a name, but the other verbs need not. For example, in the case of (*MARK:A)(*PRUNE) the name inserted is "A", but for (*MARK:A)(*PRUNE:B) the relevant name is "B". This facility can be used to perform simple simultaneous substitutions, as this pcre2test example shows: @@ -3412,11 +3529,11 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS 2: pear orange PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_GLOBAL causes the function to iterate over the subject - string, replacing every matching substring. If this option is not set, - only the first matching substring is replaced. The search for matches - takes place in the original subject string (that is, previous replace- - ments do not affect it). Iteration is implemented by advancing the - startoffset value for each search, which is always passed the entire + string, replacing every matching substring. If this option is not set, + only the first matching substring is replaced. The search for matches + takes place in the original subject string (that is, previous replace- + ments do not affect it). Iteration is implemented by advancing the + startoffset value for each search, which is always passed the entire subject string. If an offset limit is set in the match context, search- ing stops when that limit is reached. @@ -3428,7 +3545,7 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS ABC ABC ABC ABC\=offset=3,offset_limit=12 2: ABC A!C A!C ABC - When continuing with global substitutions after matching a substring + When continuing with global substitutions after matching a substring with zero length, an attempt to find a non-empty match at the same off- set is performed. If this is not successful, the offset is advanced by one character except when CRLF is a valid newline sequence and the next @@ -3441,8 +3558,8 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS or number no longer causes the PCRE2_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING error. PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_UNSET_EMPTY causes unset capture groups (including un- - known groups when PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_UNKNOWN_UNSET is set) to be treated - as empty strings when inserted as described above. If this option is + known groups when PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_UNKNOWN_UNSET is set) to be treated + as empty strings when inserted as described above. If this option is not set, an attempt to insert an unset group causes the PCRE2_ERROR_UN- SET error. This option does not influence the extended substitution syntax described below. @@ -3454,17 +3571,17 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS Firstly, backslash in a replacement string is interpreted as an escape character. The usual forms such as \n or \x{ddd} can be used to specify - particular character codes, and backslash followed by any non-alphanu- - meric character quotes that character. Extended quoting can be coded + particular character codes, and backslash followed by any non-alphanu- + meric character quotes that character. Extended quoting can be coded using \Q...\E, exactly as in pattern strings. - There are also four escape sequences for forcing the case of inserted - letters. The insertion mechanism has three states: no case forcing, + There are also four escape sequences for forcing the case of inserted + letters. The insertion mechanism has three states: no case forcing, force upper case, and force lower case. The escape sequences change the current state: \U and \L change to upper or lower case forcing, respec- - tively, and \E (when not terminating a \Q quoted sequence) reverts to - no case forcing. The sequences \u and \l force the next character (if - it is a letter) to upper or lower case, respectively, and then the + tively, and \E (when not terminating a \Q quoted sequence) reverts to + no case forcing. The sequences \u and \l force the next character (if + it is a letter) to upper or lower case, respectively, and then the state automatically reverts to no case forcing. Case forcing applies to all inserted characters, including those from capture groups and let- ters within \Q...\E quoted sequences. If either PCRE2_UTF or PCRE2_UCP @@ -3472,29 +3589,29 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS case forcing characters whose code points are greater than 127. Note that case forcing sequences such as \U...\E do not nest. For exam- - ple, the result of processing "\Uaa\LBB\Ecc\E" is "AAbbcc"; the final - \E has no effect. Note also that the PCRE2_ALT_BSUX and PCRE2_EX- + ple, the result of processing "\Uaa\LBB\Ecc\E" is "AAbbcc"; the final + \E has no effect. Note also that the PCRE2_ALT_BSUX and PCRE2_EX- TRA_ALT_BSUX options do not apply to replacement strings. - The second effect of setting PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_EXTENDED is to add more - flexibility to capture group substitution. The syntax is similar to + The second effect of setting PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_EXTENDED is to add more + flexibility to capture group substitution. The syntax is similar to that used by Bash: ${ :- } ${ :+ : } - As before, may be a group number or a name. The first form speci- - fies a default value. If group is set, its value is inserted; if - not, is expanded and the result inserted. The second form - specifies strings that are expanded and inserted when group is set - or unset, respectively. The first form is just a convenient shorthand + As before, may be a group number or a name. The first form speci- + fies a default value. If group is set, its value is inserted; if + not, is expanded and the result inserted. The second form + specifies strings that are expanded and inserted when group is set + or unset, respectively. The first form is just a convenient shorthand for ${ :+${ }: } - Backslash can be used to escape colons and closing curly brackets in - the replacement strings. A change of the case forcing state within a - replacement string remains in force afterwards, as shown in this + Backslash can be used to escape colons and closing curly brackets in + the replacement strings. A change of the case forcing state within a + replacement string remains in force afterwards, as shown in this pcre2test example: /(some)?(body)/substitute_extended,replace=${1:+\U:\L}HeLLo @@ -3503,8 +3620,8 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS somebody 1: HELLO - The PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_UNSET_EMPTY option does not affect these extended - substitutions. However, PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_UNKNOWN_UNSET does cause un- + The PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_UNSET_EMPTY option does not affect these extended + substitutions. However, PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_UNKNOWN_UNSET does cause un- known groups in the extended syntax forms to be treated as unset. If PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_LITERAL is set, PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_UNKNOWN_UNSET, @@ -3527,7 +3644,7 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY is returned if the output buffer is not big enough. If the PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_OVERFLOW_LENGTH option is set, the size - of buffer that is needed is returned via outlengthptr. Note that this + of buffer that is needed is returned via outlengthptr. Note that this does not happen by default. PCRE2_ERROR_NULL is returned if PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_MATCHED is set but the @@ -3538,14 +3655,14 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS PCRE2_ERROR_BADREPLACEMENT is used for miscellaneous syntax errors in the replacement string, with more particular errors being PCRE2_ER- ROR_BADREPESCAPE (invalid escape sequence), PCRE2_ERROR_REPMISSINGBRACE - (closing curly bracket not found), PCRE2_ERROR_BADSUBSTITUTION (syntax - error in extended group substitution), and PCRE2_ERROR_BADSUBSPATTERN + (closing curly bracket not found), PCRE2_ERROR_BADSUBSTITUTION (syntax + error in extended group substitution), and PCRE2_ERROR_BADSUBSPATTERN (the pattern match ended before it started or the match started earlier than the current position in the subject, which can happen if \K is used in an assertion). As for all PCRE2 errors, a text message that describes the error can be - obtained by calling the pcre2_get_error_message() function (see "Ob- + obtained by calling the pcre2_get_error_message() function (see "Ob- taining a textual error message" above). Substitution callouts @@ -3554,11 +3671,11 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS int (*callout_function)(pcre2_substitute_callout_block *, void *), void *callout_data); - The pcre2_set_substitution_callout() function can be used to specify a - callout function for pcre2_substitute(). This information is passed in + The pcre2_set_substitution_callout() function can be used to specify a + callout function for pcre2_substitute(). This information is passed in a match context. The callout function is called after each substitution has been processed, but it can cause the replacement not to happen. The - callout function is not called for simulated substitutions that happen + callout function is not called for simulated substitutions that happen as a result of the PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_OVERFLOW_LENGTH option. The first argument of the callout function is a pointer to a substitute @@ -3586,21 +3703,21 @@ CREATING A NEW STRING WITH SUBSTITUTIONS the most recent match. The oveccount field contains the number of pairs that are set in the ovector, and is always greater than zero. - The output_offsets vector contains the offsets of the replacement in - the output string. This has already been processed for dollar and (if + The output_offsets vector contains the offsets of the replacement in + the output string. This has already been processed for dollar and (if requested) backslash substitutions as described above. - The second argument of the callout function is the value passed as - callout_data when the function was registered. The value returned by + The second argument of the callout function is the value passed as + callout_data when the function was registered. The value returned by the callout function is interpreted as follows: - If the value is zero, the replacement is accepted, and, if PCRE2_SUB- - STITUTE_GLOBAL is set, processing continues with a search for the next - match. If the value is not zero, the current replacement is not ac- - cepted. If the value is greater than zero, processing continues when - PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_GLOBAL is set. Otherwise (the value is less than zero - or PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_GLOBAL is not set), the the rest of the input is - copied to the output and the call to pcre2_substitute() exits, return- + If the value is zero, the replacement is accepted, and, if PCRE2_SUB- + STITUTE_GLOBAL is set, processing continues with a search for the next + match. If the value is not zero, the current replacement is not ac- + cepted. If the value is greater than zero, processing continues when + PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_GLOBAL is set. Otherwise (the value is less than zero + or PCRE2_SUBSTITUTE_GLOBAL is not set), the the rest of the input is + copied to the output and the call to pcre2_substitute() exits, return- ing the number of matches so far. @@ -3609,9 +3726,9 @@ DUPLICATE CAPTURE GROUP NAMES int pcre2_substring_nametable_scan(const pcre2_code *code, PCRE2_SPTR name, PCRE2_SPTR *first, PCRE2_SPTR *last); - When a pattern is compiled with the PCRE2_DUPNAMES option, names for - capture groups are not required to be unique. Duplicate names are al- - ways allowed for groups with the same number, created by using the (?| + When a pattern is compiled with the PCRE2_DUPNAMES option, names for + capture groups are not required to be unique. Duplicate names are al- + ways allowed for groups with the same number, created by using the (?| feature. Indeed, if such groups are named, they are required to use the same names. @@ -3633,22 +3750,22 @@ DUPLICATE CAPTURE GROUP NAMES number for a unique name, or PCRE2_ERROR_NOUNIQUESUBSTRING otherwise. When the third and fourth arguments are not NULL, they must be pointers - to variables that are updated by the function. After it has run, they + to variables that are updated by the function. After it has run, they point to the first and last entries in the name-to-number table for the given name, and the function returns the length of each entry in code units. In both cases, PCRE2_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING is returned if there are no entries for the given name. The format of the name table is described above in the section entitled - Information about a pattern. Given all the relevant entries for the - name, you can extract each of their numbers, and hence the captured + Information about a pattern. Given all the relevant entries for the + name, you can extract each of their numbers, and hence the captured data. FINDING ALL POSSIBLE MATCHES AT ONE POSITION - The traditional matching function uses a similar algorithm to Perl, - which stops when it finds the first match at a given point in the sub- + The traditional matching function uses a similar algorithm to Perl, + which stops when it finds the first match at a given point in the sub- ject. If you want to find all possible matches, or the longest possible match at a given position, consider using the alternative matching function (see below) instead. If you cannot use the alternative func- @@ -3673,25 +3790,25 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE ALTERNATIVE FUNCTION The function pcre2_dfa_match() is called to match a subject string against a compiled pattern, using a matching algorithm that scans the subject string just once (not counting lookaround assertions), and does - not backtrack (except when processing lookaround assertions). This has - different characteristics to the normal algorithm, and is not compati- - ble with Perl. Some of the features of PCRE2 patterns are not sup- + not backtrack (except when processing lookaround assertions). This has + different characteristics to the normal algorithm, and is not compati- + ble with Perl. Some of the features of PCRE2 patterns are not sup- ported. Nevertheless, there are times when this kind of matching can be useful. For a discussion of the two matching algorithms, and a list of features that pcre2_dfa_match() does not support, see the pcre2matching documentation. - The arguments for the pcre2_dfa_match() function are the same as for + The arguments for the pcre2_dfa_match() function are the same as for pcre2_match(), plus two extras. The ovector within the match data block is used in a different way, and this is described below. The other com- - mon arguments are used in the same way as for pcre2_match(), so their + mon arguments are used in the same way as for pcre2_match(), so their description is not repeated here. - The two additional arguments provide workspace for the function. The - workspace vector should contain at least 20 elements. It is used for - keeping track of multiple paths through the pattern tree. More - workspace is needed for patterns and subjects where there are a lot of - potential matches. + The two additional arguments provide workspace for the function. The + workspace vector should contain at least 20 elements. It is used for + keeping track of multiple paths through the pattern tree. More work- + space is needed for patterns and subjects where there are a lot of po- + tential matches. Here is an example of a simple call to pcre2_dfa_match(): @@ -3710,34 +3827,34 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE ALTERNATIVE FUNCTION Option bits for pcre2_dfa_match() - The unused bits of the options argument for pcre2_dfa_match() must be - zero. The only bits that may be set are PCRE2_ANCHORED, - PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT, PCRE2_ENDANCHORED, PCRE2_NOTBOL, PCRE2_NO- + The unused bits of the options argument for pcre2_dfa_match() must be + zero. The only bits that may be set are PCRE2_ANCHORED, + PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT, PCRE2_ENDANCHORED, PCRE2_NOTBOL, PCRE2_NO- TEOL, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK, - PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD, PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT, PCRE2_DFA_SHORTEST, and - PCRE2_DFA_RESTART. All but the last four of these are exactly the same + PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD, PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT, PCRE2_DFA_SHORTEST, and + PCRE2_DFA_RESTART. All but the last four of these are exactly the same as for pcre2_match(), so their description is not repeated here. PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT - These have the same general effect as they do for pcre2_match(), but - the details are slightly different. When PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD is set for - pcre2_dfa_match(), it returns PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL if the end of the + These have the same general effect as they do for pcre2_match(), but + the details are slightly different. When PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD is set for + pcre2_dfa_match(), it returns PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL if the end of the subject is reached and there is still at least one matching possibility that requires additional characters. This happens even if some complete - matches have already been found. When PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT is set, the - return code PCRE2_ERROR_NOMATCH is converted into PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL - if the end of the subject is reached, there have been no complete + matches have already been found. When PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT is set, the + return code PCRE2_ERROR_NOMATCH is converted into PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL + if the end of the subject is reached, there have been no complete matches, but there is still at least one matching possibility. The por- tion of the string that was inspected when the longest partial match was found is set as the first matching string in both cases. There is a - more detailed discussion of partial and multi-segment matching, with + more detailed discussion of partial and multi-segment matching, with examples, in the pcre2partial documentation. PCRE2_DFA_SHORTEST - Setting the PCRE2_DFA_SHORTEST option causes the matching algorithm to + Setting the PCRE2_DFA_SHORTEST option causes the matching algorithm to stop as soon as it has found one match. Because of the way the alterna- tive algorithm works, this is necessarily the shortest possible match at the first possible matching point in the subject string. @@ -3756,8 +3873,8 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE ALTERNATIVE FUNCTION When pcre2_dfa_match() succeeds, it may have matched more than one sub- string in the subject. Note, however, that all the matches from one run - of the function start at the same point in the subject. The shorter - matches are all initial substrings of the longer matches. For example, + of the function start at the same point in the subject. The shorter + matches are all initial substrings of the longer matches. For example, if the pattern <.*> @@ -3772,14 +3889,14 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE ALTERNATIVE FUNCTION - On success, the yield of the function is a number greater than zero, - which is the number of matched substrings. The offsets of the sub- - strings are returned in the ovector, and can be extracted by number in - the same way as for pcre2_match(), but the numbers bear no relation to - any capture groups that may exist in the pattern, because DFA matching + On success, the yield of the function is a number greater than zero, + which is the number of matched substrings. The offsets of the sub- + strings are returned in the ovector, and can be extracted by number in + the same way as for pcre2_match(), but the numbers bear no relation to + any capture groups that may exist in the pattern, because DFA matching does not support capturing. - Calls to the convenience functions that extract substrings by name re- + Calls to the convenience functions that extract substrings by name re- turn the error PCRE2_ERROR_DFA_UFUNC (unsupported function) if used af- ter a DFA match. The convenience functions that extract substrings by number never return PCRE2_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING. @@ -3794,7 +3911,7 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE ALTERNATIVE FUNCTION example, the pattern "a\d+" is compiled as if it were "a\d++". For DFA matching, this means that only one possible match is found. If you re- ally do want multiple matches in such cases, either use an ungreedy re- - peat such as "a\d+?" or set the PCRE2_NO_AUTO_POSSESS option when com- + peat such as "a\d+?" or set the PCRE2_NO_AUTO_POSSESS option when com- piling. Error returns from pcre2_dfa_match() @@ -3806,13 +3923,13 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE ALTERNATIVE FUNCTION PCRE2_ERROR_DFA_UITEM - This return is given if pcre2_dfa_match() encounters an item in the - pattern that it does not support, for instance, the use of \C in a UTF + This return is given if pcre2_dfa_match() encounters an item in the + pattern that it does not support, for instance, the use of \C in a UTF mode or a backreference. PCRE2_ERROR_DFA_UCOND - This return is given if pcre2_dfa_match() encounters a condition item + This return is given if pcre2_dfa_match() encounters a condition item that uses a backreference for the condition, or a test for recursion in a specific capture group. These are not supported. @@ -3830,22 +3947,22 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN: THE ALTERNATIVE FUNCTION PCRE2_ERROR_DFA_RECURSE When a recursion or subroutine call is processed, the matching function - calls itself recursively, using private memory for the ovector and - workspace. This error is given if the internal ovector is not large - enough. This should be extremely rare, as a vector of size 1000 is + calls itself recursively, using private memory for the ovector and + workspace. This error is given if the internal ovector is not large + enough. This should be extremely rare, as a vector of size 1000 is used. PCRE2_ERROR_DFA_BADRESTART - When pcre2_dfa_match() is called with the PCRE2_DFA_RESTART option, - some plausibility checks are made on the contents of the workspace, - which should contain data about the previous partial match. If any of + When pcre2_dfa_match() is called with the PCRE2_DFA_RESTART option, + some plausibility checks are made on the contents of the workspace, + which should contain data about the previous partial match. If any of these checks fail, this error is given. SEE ALSO - pcre2build(3), pcre2callout(3), pcre2demo(3), pcre2matching(3), + pcre2build(3), pcre2callout(3), pcre2demo(3), pcre2matching(3), pcre2partial(3), pcre2posix(3), pcre2sample(3), pcre2unicode(3). @@ -3858,30 +3975,34 @@ AUTHOR REVISION - Last updated: 14 December 2021 - Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Last updated: 12 October 2023 + Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. -PCRE2BUILD(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2BUILD(3) +PCRE2 10.43 12 October 2023 PCRE2API(3) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +PCRE2BUILD(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2BUILD(3) NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) + BUILDING PCRE2 PCRE2 is distributed with a configure script that can be used to build the library in Unix-like environments using the applications known as Autotools. Also in the distribution are files to support building using - CMake instead of configure. The text file README contains general in- - formation about building with Autotools (some of which is repeated be- - low), and also has some comments about building on various operating - systems. There is a lot more information about building PCRE2 without - using Autotools (including information about using CMake and building - "by hand") in the text file called NON-AUTOTOOLS-BUILD. You should - consult this file as well as the README file if you are building in a + CMake instead of configure. The text file README contains general in- + formation about building with Autotools (some of which is repeated be- + low), and also has some comments about building on various operating + systems. There is a lot more information about building PCRE2 without + using Autotools (including information about using CMake and building + "by hand") in the text file called NON-AUTOTOOLS-BUILD. You should + consult this file as well as the README file if you are building in a non-Unix-like environment. @@ -3900,12 +4021,12 @@ PCRE2 BUILD-TIME OPTIONS compiler, as described in NON-AUTOTOOLS-BUILD. The complete list of options for configure (which includes the standard - ones such as the selection of the installation directory) can be ob- + ones such as the selection of the installation directory) can be ob- tained by running ./configure --help - The following sections include descriptions of "on/off" options whose + The following sections include descriptions of "on/off" options whose names begin with --enable or --disable. Because of the way that config- ure works, --enable and --disable always come in pairs, so the comple- mentary option always exists as well, but as it specifies the default, @@ -3922,7 +4043,7 @@ BUILDING 8-BIT, 16-BIT AND 32-BIT LIBRARIES two other libraries, called libpcre2-16 and libpcre2-32, which process strings that are contained in arrays of 16-bit and 32-bit code units, respectively. These can be interpreted either as single-unit characters - or UTF-16/UTF-32 strings. To build these additional libraries, add one + or UTF-16/UTF-32 strings. To build these additional libraries, add one or both of the following to the configure command: --enable-pcre2-16 @@ -3932,16 +4053,16 @@ BUILDING 8-BIT, 16-BIT AND 32-BIT LIBRARIES --disable-pcre2-8 - as well. At least one of the three libraries must be built. Note that - the POSIX wrapper is for the 8-bit library only, and that pcre2grep is - an 8-bit program. Neither of these are built if you select only the + as well. At least one of the three libraries must be built. Note that + the POSIX wrapper is for the 8-bit library only, and that pcre2grep is + an 8-bit program. Neither of these are built if you select only the 16-bit or 32-bit libraries. BUILDING SHARED AND STATIC LIBRARIES - The Autotools PCRE2 building process uses libtool to build both shared - and static libraries by default. You can suppress an unwanted library + The Autotools PCRE2 building process uses libtool to build both shared + and static libraries by default. You can suppress an unwanted library by adding one of --disable-shared @@ -3952,24 +4073,24 @@ BUILDING SHARED AND STATIC LIBRARIES UNICODE AND UTF SUPPORT - By default, PCRE2 is built with support for Unicode and UTF character + By default, PCRE2 is built with support for Unicode and UTF character strings. To build it without Unicode support, add --disable-unicode - to the configure command. This setting applies to all three libraries. - It is not possible to build one library with Unicode support and an- + to the configure command. This setting applies to all three libraries. + It is not possible to build one library with Unicode support and an- other without in the same configuration. - Of itself, Unicode support does not make PCRE2 treat strings as UTF-8, + Of itself, Unicode support does not make PCRE2 treat strings as UTF-8, UTF-16 or UTF-32. To do that, applications that use the library can set the PCRE2_UTF option when they call pcre2_compile() to compile a pat- tern. Alternatively, patterns may be started with (*UTF) unless the application has locked this out by setting PCRE2_NEVER_UTF. UTF support allows the libraries to process character code points up to - 0x10ffff in the strings that they handle. Unicode support also gives - access to the Unicode properties of characters, using pattern escapes + 0x10ffff in the strings that they handle. Unicode support also gives + access to the Unicode properties of characters, using pattern escapes such as \P, \p, and \X. Only the general category properties such as Lu and Nd, script names, and some bi-directional properties are supported. Details are given in the pcre2pattern documentation. @@ -3983,9 +4104,9 @@ UNICODE AND UTF SUPPORT DISABLING THE USE OF \C The \C escape sequence, which matches a single code unit, even in a UTF - mode, can cause unpredictable behaviour because it may leave the cur- - rent matching point in the middle of a multi-code-unit character. The - application can lock it out by setting the PCRE2_NEVER_BACKSLASH_C op- + mode, can cause unpredictable behaviour because it may leave the cur- + rent matching point in the middle of a multi-code-unit character. The + application can lock it out by setting the PCRE2_NEVER_BACKSLASH_C op- tion when calling pcre2_compile(). There is also a build-time option --enable-never-backslash-C @@ -3995,20 +4116,20 @@ DISABLING THE USE OF \C JUST-IN-TIME COMPILER SUPPORT - Just-in-time (JIT) compiler support is included in the build by speci- + Just-in-time (JIT) compiler support is included in the build by speci- fying --enable-jit - This support is available only for certain hardware architectures. If - this option is set for an unsupported architecture, a building error + This support is available only for certain hardware architectures. If + this option is set for an unsupported architecture, a building error occurs. If in doubt, use --enable-jit=auto - which enables JIT only if the current hardware is supported. You can - check if JIT is enabled in the configuration summary that is output at - the end of a configure run. If you are enabling JIT under SELinux you + which enables JIT only if the current hardware is supported. You can + check if JIT is enabled in the configuration summary that is output at + the end of a configure run. If you are enabling JIT under SELinux you may also want to add --enable-jit-sealloc @@ -4062,42 +4183,42 @@ NEWLINE RECOGNITION character. Whatever default line ending convention is selected when PCRE2 is built - can be overridden by applications that use the library. At build time + can be overridden by applications that use the library. At build time it is recommended to use the standard for your operating system. WHAT \R MATCHES - By default, the sequence \R in a pattern matches any Unicode newline - sequence, independently of what has been selected as the line ending + By default, the sequence \R in a pattern matches any Unicode newline + sequence, independently of what has been selected as the line ending sequence. If you specify --enable-bsr-anycrlf - the default is changed so that \R matches only CR, LF, or CRLF. What- - ever is selected when PCRE2 is built can be overridden by applications + the default is changed so that \R matches only CR, LF, or CRLF. What- + ever is selected when PCRE2 is built can be overridden by applications that use the library. HANDLING VERY LARGE PATTERNS - Within a compiled pattern, offset values are used to point from one - part to another (for example, from an opening parenthesis to an alter- - nation metacharacter). By default, in the 8-bit and 16-bit libraries, - two-byte values are used for these offsets, leading to a maximum size + Within a compiled pattern, offset values are used to point from one + part to another (for example, from an opening parenthesis to an alter- + nation metacharacter). By default, in the 8-bit and 16-bit libraries, + two-byte values are used for these offsets, leading to a maximum size for a compiled pattern of around 64 thousand code units. This is suffi- cient to handle all but the most gigantic patterns. Nevertheless, some people do want to process truly enormous patterns, so it is possible to - compile PCRE2 to use three-byte or four-byte offsets by adding a set- + compile PCRE2 to use three-byte or four-byte offsets by adding a set- ting such as --with-link-size=3 - to the configure command. The value given must be 2, 3, or 4. For the - 16-bit library, a value of 3 is rounded up to 4. In these libraries, - using longer offsets slows down the operation of PCRE2 because it has - to load additional data when handling them. For the 32-bit library the - value is always 4 and cannot be overridden; the value of --with-link- + to the configure command. The value given must be 2, 3, or 4. For the + 16-bit library, a value of 3 is rounded up to 4. In these libraries, + using longer offsets slows down the operation of PCRE2 because it has + to load additional data when handling them. For the 32-bit library the + value is always 4 and cannot be overridden; the value of --with-link- size is ignored. @@ -4107,33 +4228,32 @@ LIMITING PCRE2 RESOURCE USAGE its main loop. Putting a limit on this counter controls the amount of computing resource used by a single call to pcre2_match(). The limit can be changed at run time, as described in the pcre2api documentation. - The default is 10 million, but this can be changed by adding a setting + The default is 10 million, but this can be changed by adding a setting such as --with-match-limit=500000 - to the configure command. This setting also applies to the - pcre2_dfa_match() matching function, and to JIT matching (though the + to the configure command. This setting also applies to the + pcre2_dfa_match() matching function, and to JIT matching (though the counting is done differently). - The pcre2_match() function starts out using a 20KiB vector on the sys- - tem stack to record backtracking points. The more nested backtracking - points there are (that is, the deeper the search tree), the more memory - is needed. If the initial vector is not large enough, heap memory is - used, up to a certain limit, which is specified in kibibytes (units of - 1024 bytes). The limit can be changed at run time, as described in the - pcre2api documentation. The default limit (in effect unlimited) is 20 - million. You can change this by a setting such as + The pcre2_match() function uses heap memory to record backtracking + points. The more nested backtracking points there are (that is, the + deeper the search tree), the more memory is needed. There is an upper + limit, specified in kibibytes (units of 1024 bytes). This limit can be + changed at run time, as described in the pcre2api documentation. The + default limit (in effect unlimited) is 20 million. You can change this + by a setting such as --with-heap-limit=500 which limits the amount of heap to 500 KiB. This limit applies only to interpretive matching in pcre2_match() and pcre2_dfa_match(), which may - also use the heap for internal workspace when processing complicated - patterns. This limit does not apply when JIT (which has its own memory + also use the heap for internal workspace when processing complicated + patterns. This limit does not apply when JIT (which has its own memory arrangements) is used. - You can also explicitly limit the depth of nested backtracking in the + You can also explicitly limit the depth of nested backtracking in the pcre2_match() interpreter. This limit defaults to the value that is set for --with-match-limit. You can set a lower default limit by adding, for example, @@ -4154,25 +4274,41 @@ LIMITING PCRE2 RESOURCE USAGE terns. The limit does not apply to JIT matching. +LIMITING VARIABLE-LENGTH LOOKBEHIND ASSERTIONS + + Lookbehind assertions in which one or more branches can match a vari- + able number of characters are supported only if there is a maximum + matching length for each top-level branch. There is a limit to this + maximum that defaults to 255 characters. You can alter this default by + a setting such as + + --with-max-varlookbehind=100 + + The limit can be changed at runtime by calling pcre2_set_max_varlookbe- + hind(). Lookbehind assertions in which every branch matches a fixed + number of characters (not necessarily all the same) are not constrained + by this limit. + + CREATING CHARACTER TABLES AT BUILD TIME PCRE2 uses fixed tables for processing characters whose code points are less than 256. By default, PCRE2 is built with a set of tables that are - distributed in the file src/pcre2_chartables.c.dist. These tables are + distributed in the file src/pcre2_chartables.c.dist. These tables are for ASCII codes only. If you add --enable-rebuild-chartables - to the configure command, the distributed tables are no longer used. + to the configure command, the distributed tables are no longer used. Instead, a program called pcre2_dftables is compiled and run. This out- puts the source for new set of tables, created in the default locale of - your C run-time system. This method of replacing the tables does not + your C run-time system. This method of replacing the tables does not work if you are cross compiling, because pcre2_dftables needs to be run on the local host and therefore not compiled with the cross compiler. If you need to create alternative tables when cross compiling, you will - have to do so "by hand". There may also be other reasons for creating - tables manually. To cause pcre2_dftables to be built on the local + have to do so "by hand". There may also be other reasons for creating + tables manually. To cause pcre2_dftables to be built on the local host, run a normal compiling command, and then run the program with the output file as its argument, for example: @@ -4185,8 +4321,8 @@ CREATING CHARACTER TABLES AT BUILD TIME LC_ALL=fr_FR ./pcre2_dftables -L src/pcre2_chartables.c You can also specify -b (with or without -L). This causes the tables to - be written in binary instead of as source code. A set of binary tables - can be loaded into memory by an application and passed to pcre2_com- + be written in binary instead of as source code. A set of binary tables + can be loaded into memory by an application and passed to pcre2_com- pile() in the same way as tables created by calling pcre2_maketables(). The tables are just a string of bytes, independent of hardware charac- teristics such as endianness. This means they can be bundled with an @@ -4212,7 +4348,7 @@ USING EBCDIC CODE ebcdic are mutually exclusive. The EBCDIC character that corresponds to an ASCII LF is assumed to have - the value 0x15 by default. However, in some EBCDIC environments, 0x25 + the value 0x15 by default. However, in some EBCDIC environments, 0x25 is used. In such an environment you should use --enable-ebcdic-nl25 @@ -4232,17 +4368,17 @@ PCRE2GREP SUPPORT FOR EXTERNAL SCRIPTS By default pcre2grep supports the use of callouts with string arguments within the patterns it is matching. There are two kinds: one that gen- erates output using local code, and another that calls an external pro- - gram or script. If --disable-pcre2grep-callout-fork is added to the - configure command, only the first kind of callout is supported; if - --disable-pcre2grep-callout is used, all callouts are completely ig- - nored. For more details of pcre2grep callouts, see the pcre2grep docu- + gram or script. If --disable-pcre2grep-callout-fork is added to the + configure command, only the first kind of callout is supported; if + --disable-pcre2grep-callout is used, all callouts are completely ig- + nored. For more details of pcre2grep callouts, see the pcre2grep docu- mentation. PCRE2GREP OPTIONS FOR COMPRESSED FILE SUPPORT - By default, pcre2grep reads all files as plain text. You can build it - so that it recognizes files whose names end in .gz or .bz2, and reads + By default, pcre2grep reads all files as plain text. You can build it + so that it recognizes files whose names end in .gz or .bz2, and reads them with libz or libbz2, respectively, by adding one or both of --enable-pcre2grep-libz @@ -4289,9 +4425,9 @@ PCRE2TEST OPTION FOR LIBREADLINE SUPPORT licensing issues. These can be avoided by linking instead with libedit, which has a BSD licence. - Setting --enable-pcre2test-libreadline causes the -lreadline option to - be added to the pcre2test build. In many operating environments with a - sytem-installed readline library this is sufficient. However, in some + Setting --enable-pcre2test-libreadline causes the -lreadline option to + be added to the pcre2test build. In many operating environments with a + sytem-installed readline library this is sufficient. However, in some environments (e.g. if an unmodified distribution version of readline is in use), some extra configuration may be necessary. The INSTALL file for libreadline says this: @@ -4390,21 +4526,21 @@ DISABLING THE Z AND T FORMATTING MODIFIERS The C99 standard defines formatting modifiers z and t for size_t and ptrdiff_t values, respectively. By default, PCRE2 uses these modifiers in environments other than old versions of Microsoft Visual Studio when - __STDC_VERSION__ is defined and has a value greater than or equal to - 199901L (indicating support for C99). However, there is at least one + __STDC_VERSION__ is defined and has a value greater than or equal to + 199901L (indicating support for C99). However, there is at least one environment that claims to be C99 but does not support these modifiers. If --disable-percent-zt is specified, no use is made of the z or t modifiers. Instead of %td or - %zu, a suitable format is used depending in the size of long for the + %zu, a suitable format is used depending in the size of long for the platform. SUPPORT FOR FUZZERS - There is a special option for use by people who want to run fuzzing + There is a special option for use by people who want to run fuzzing tests on PCRE2: --enable-fuzz-support @@ -4421,22 +4557,22 @@ SUPPORT FOR FUZZERS Setting --enable-fuzz-support also causes a binary called pcre2fuz- zcheck to be created. This is normally run under valgrind or used when PCRE2 is compiled with address sanitizing enabled. It calls the fuzzing - function and outputs information about what it is doing. The input - strings are specified by arguments: if an argument starts with "=" the - rest of it is a literal input string. Otherwise, it is assumed to be a + function and outputs information about what it is doing. The input + strings are specified by arguments: if an argument starts with "=" the + rest of it is a literal input string. Otherwise, it is assumed to be a file name, and the contents of the file are the test string. OBSOLETE OPTION - In versions of PCRE2 prior to 10.30, there were two ways of handling - backtracking in the pcre2_match() function. The default was to use the + In versions of PCRE2 prior to 10.30, there were two ways of handling + backtracking in the pcre2_match() function. The default was to use the system stack, but if --disable-stack-for-recursion - was set, memory on the heap was used. From release 10.30 onwards this - has changed (the stack is no longer used) and this option now does + was set, memory on the heap was used. From release 10.30 onwards this + has changed (the stack is no longer used) and this option now does nothing except give a warning. @@ -4448,24 +4584,28 @@ SEE ALSO AUTHOR Philip Hazel - University Computing Service + Retired from University Computing Service Cambridge, England. REVISION - Last updated: 08 December 2021 - Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Last updated: 09 August 2023 + Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. -PCRE2CALLOUT(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2CALLOUT(3) +PCRE2 10.43 09 AUgust 2023 PCRE2BUILD(3) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +PCRE2CALLOUT(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2CALLOUT(3) NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) + SYNOPSIS #include @@ -4479,11 +4619,11 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION - PCRE2 provides a feature called "callout", which is a means of tempo- - rarily passing control to the caller of PCRE2 in the middle of pattern - matching. The caller of PCRE2 provides an external function by putting - its entry point in a match context (see pcre2_set_callout() in the - pcre2api documentation). + PCRE2 provides a feature called "callout", which is a means of tem- + porarily passing control to the caller of PCRE2 in the middle of pat- + tern matching. The caller of PCRE2 provides an external function by + putting its entry point in a match context (see pcre2_set_callout() in + the pcre2api documentation). When using the pcre2_substitute() function, an additional callout fea- ture is available. This does a callout after each change to the subject @@ -4496,8 +4636,8 @@ DESCRIPTION default value is zero. Alternatively, the argument may be a delimited string. The starting delimiter must be one of ` ' " ^ % # $ { and the ending delimiter is the same as the start, except for {, where the end- - ing delimiter is }. If the ending delimiter is needed within the - string, it must be doubled. For example, this pattern has two callout + ing delimiter is }. If the ending delimiter is needed within the + string, it must be doubled. For example, this pattern has two callout points: (?C1)abc(?C"some ""arbitrary"" text")def @@ -4523,16 +4663,16 @@ DESCRIPTION Notice that there is a callout before and after each parenthesis and alternation bar. If the pattern contains a conditional group whose con- - dition is an assertion, an automatic callout is inserted immediately - before the condition. Such a callout may also be inserted explicitly, + dition is an assertion, an automatic callout is inserted immediately + before the condition. Such a callout may also be inserted explicitly, for example: (?(?C9)(?=a)ab|de) (?(?C%text%)(?!=d)ab|de) - This applies only to assertion conditions (because they are themselves + This applies only to assertion conditions (because they are themselves independent groups). - Callouts can be useful for tracking the progress of pattern matching. + Callouts can be useful for tracking the progress of pattern matching. The pcre2test program has a pattern qualifier (/auto_callout) that sets automatic callouts. When any callouts are present, the output from pcre2test indicates how the pattern is being matched. This is useful @@ -4559,7 +4699,7 @@ MISSING CALLOUTS +2 ^ ^ [bc] No match - This indicates that when matching [bc] fails, there is no backtracking + This indicates that when matching [bc] fails, there is no backtracking into a+ (because it is being treated as a++) and therefore the callouts that would be taken for the backtracks do not occur. You can disable the auto-possessify feature by passing PCRE2_NO_AUTO_POSSESS to @@ -4584,15 +4724,15 @@ MISSING CALLOUTS any character, the pattern is automatically anchored. If PCRE2_DOTALL is not set, a match can start only after an internal newline or at the beginning of the subject, and pcre2_compile() remembers this. If a pat- - tern has more than one top-level branch, automatic anchoring occurs if + tern has more than one top-level branch, automatic anchoring occurs if all branches are anchorable. - This optimization is disabled, however, if .* is in an atomic group or - if there is a backreference to the capture group in which it appears. - It is also disabled if the pattern contains (*PRUNE) or (*SKIP). How- + This optimization is disabled, however, if .* is in an atomic group or + if there is a backreference to the capture group in which it appears. + It is also disabled if the pattern contains (*PRUNE) or (*SKIP). How- ever, the presence of callouts does not affect it. - For example, if the pattern .*\d is compiled with PCRE2_AUTO_CALLOUT + For example, if the pattern .*\d is compiled with PCRE2_AUTO_CALLOUT and applied to the string "aa", the pcre2test output is: --->aa @@ -4602,7 +4742,7 @@ MISSING CALLOUTS +2 ^ \d No match - This shows that all match attempts start at the beginning of the sub- + This shows that all match attempts start at the beginning of the sub- ject. In other words, the pattern is anchored. You can disable this op- timization by passing PCRE2_NO_DOTSTAR_ANCHOR to pcre2_compile(), or starting the pattern with (*NO_DOTSTAR_ANCHOR). In this case, the out- @@ -4640,20 +4780,20 @@ MISSING CALLOUTS patterns, if it has been scanned far enough. You can disable these optimizations by passing the PCRE2_NO_START_OPTI- - MIZE option to pcre2_compile(), or by starting the pattern with - (*NO_START_OPT). This slows down the matching process, but does ensure + MIZE option to pcre2_compile(), or by starting the pattern with + (*NO_START_OPT). This slows down the matching process, but does ensure that callouts such as the example above are obeyed. THE CALLOUT INTERFACE - During matching, when PCRE2 reaches a callout point, if an external - function is provided in the match context, it is called. This applies - to both normal, DFA, and JIT matching. The first argument to the call- + During matching, when PCRE2 reaches a callout point, if an external + function is provided in the match context, it is called. This applies + to both normal, DFA, and JIT matching. The first argument to the call- out function is a pointer to a pcre2_callout block. The second argument is the void * callout data that was supplied when the callout was set up by calling pcre2_set_callout() (see the pcre2api documentation). The - callout block structure contains the following fields, not necessarily + callout block structure contains the following fields, not necessarily in this order: uint32_t version; @@ -4673,25 +4813,25 @@ THE CALLOUT INTERFACE PCRE2_SIZE callout_string_length; PCRE2_SPTR callout_string; - The version field contains the version number of the block format. The - current version is 2; the three callout string fields were added for - version 1, and the callout_flags field for version 2. If you are writ- - ing an application that might use an earlier release of PCRE2, you - should check the version number before accessing any of these fields. - The version number will increase in future if more fields are added, + The version field contains the version number of the block format. The + current version is 2; the three callout string fields were added for + version 1, and the callout_flags field for version 2. If you are writ- + ing an application that might use an earlier release of PCRE2, you + should check the version number before accessing any of these fields. + The version number will increase in future if more fields are added, but the intention is never to remove any of the existing fields. Fields for numerical callouts - For a numerical callout, callout_string is NULL, and callout_number - contains the number of the callout, in the range 0-255. This is the - number that follows (?C for callouts that part of the pattern; it is + For a numerical callout, callout_string is NULL, and callout_number + contains the number of the callout, in the range 0-255. This is the + number that follows (?C for callouts that part of the pattern; it is 255 for automatically generated callouts. Fields for string callouts - For callouts with string arguments, callout_number is always zero, and - callout_string points to the string that is contained within the com- + For callouts with string arguments, callout_number is always zero, and + callout_string points to the string that is contained within the com- piled pattern. Its length is given by callout_string_length. Duplicated ending delimiters that were present in the original pattern string have been turned into single characters, but there is no other processing of @@ -4715,10 +4855,10 @@ THE CALLOUT INTERFACE (the "ovector"). You may read the elements in this vector, but you must not change any of them. - For calls to pcre2_match(), the offset_vector field is not (since re- - lease 10.30) a pointer to the actual ovector that was passed to the - matching function in the match data block. Instead it points to an in- - ternal ovector of a size large enough to hold all possible captured + For calls to pcre2_match(), the offset_vector field is not (since re- + lease 10.30) a pointer to the actual ovector that was passed to the + matching function in the match data block. Instead it points to an in- + ternal ovector of a size large enough to hold all possible captured substrings in the pattern. Note that whenever a recursion or subroutine call within a pattern completes, the capturing state is reset to what it was before. @@ -4742,9 +4882,9 @@ THE CALLOUT INTERFACE For DFA matching, the offset_vector field points to the ovector that was passed to the matching function in the match data block for call- outs at the top level, but to an internal ovector during the processing - of pattern recursions, lookarounds, and atomic groups. However, these - ovectors hold no useful information because pcre2_dfa_match() does not - support substring capturing. The value of capture_top is always 1 and + of pattern recursions, lookarounds, and atomic groups. However, these + ovectors hold no useful information because pcre2_dfa_match() does not + support substring capturing. The value of capture_top is always 1 and the value of capture_last is always 0 for DFA matching. The subject and subject_length fields contain copies of the values that @@ -4757,7 +4897,7 @@ THE CALLOUT INTERFACE function may be called several times from the same point in the pattern for different starting points in the subject. - The current_position field contains the offset within the subject of + The current_position field contains the offset within the subject of the current match pointer. The pattern_position field contains the offset in the pattern string to @@ -4767,9 +4907,9 @@ THE CALLOUT INTERFACE processed in the pattern string. When the callout is at the end of the pattern, the length is zero. When the callout precedes an opening parenthesis, the length includes meta characters that follow the paren- - thesis. For example, in a callout before an assertion such as (?=ab) - the length is 3. For an an alternation bar or a closing parenthesis, - the length is one, unless a closing parenthesis is followed by a quan- + thesis. For example, in a callout before an assertion such as (?=ab) + the length is 3. For an an alternation bar or a closing parenthesis, + the length is one, unless a closing parenthesis is followed by a quan- tifier, in which case its length is included. (This changed in release 10.23. In earlier releases, before an opening parenthesis the length was that of the entire group, and before an alternation bar or a clos- @@ -4809,10 +4949,10 @@ THE CALLOUT INTERFACE set. The information in the callout_flags field is provided so that applica- - tions can track and tell their users how matching with backtracking is - done. This can be useful when trying to optimize patterns, or just to - understand how PCRE2 works. There is no support in pcre2_dfa_match() - because there is no backtracking in DFA matching, and there is no sup- + tions can track and tell their users how matching with backtracking is + done. This can be useful when trying to optimize patterns, or just to + understand how PCRE2 works. There is no support in pcre2_dfa_match() + because there is no backtracking in DFA matching, and there is no sup- port in JIT because JIT is all about maximimizing matching performance. In both these cases the callout_flags field is always zero. @@ -4820,15 +4960,15 @@ THE CALLOUT INTERFACE RETURN VALUES FROM CALLOUTS The external callout function returns an integer to PCRE2. If the value - is zero, matching proceeds as normal. If the value is greater than - zero, matching fails at the current point, but the testing of other + is zero, matching proceeds as normal. If the value is greater than + zero, matching fails at the current point, but the testing of other matching possibilities goes ahead, just as if a lookahead assertion had failed. If the value is less than zero, the match is abandoned, and the matching function returns the negative value. - Negative values should normally be chosen from the set of PCRE2_ER- - ROR_xxx values. In particular, PCRE2_ERROR_NOMATCH forces a standard - "no match" failure. The error number PCRE2_ERROR_CALLOUT is reserved + Negative values should normally be chosen from the set of PCRE2_ER- + ROR_xxx values. In particular, PCRE2_ERROR_NOMATCH forces a standard + "no match" failure. The error number PCRE2_ERROR_CALLOUT is reserved for use by callout functions; it will never be used by PCRE2 itself. @@ -4841,9 +4981,9 @@ CALLOUT ENUMERATION A script language that supports the use of string arguments in callouts might like to scan all the callouts in a pattern before running the match. This can be done by calling pcre2_callout_enumerate(). The first - argument is a pointer to a compiled pattern, the second points to a - callback function, and the third is arbitrary user data. The callback - function is called for every callout in the pattern in the order in + argument is a pointer to a compiled pattern, the second points to a + callback function, and the third is arbitrary user data. The callback + function is called for every callout in the pattern in the order in which they appear. Its first argument is a pointer to a callout enumer- ation block, and its second argument is the user_data value that was passed to pcre2_callout_enumerate(). The data block contains the fol- @@ -4865,9 +5005,9 @@ CALLOUT ENUMERATION Note that the value of pattern_position is unique for each callout. However, if a callout occurs inside a group that is quantified with a non-zero minimum or a fixed maximum, the group is replicated inside the - compiled pattern. For example, a pattern such as /(a){2}/ is compiled - as if it were /(a)(a)/. This means that the callout will be enumerated - more than once, but with the same value for pattern_position in each + compiled pattern. For example, a pattern such as /(a){2}/ is compiled + as if it were /(a)(a)/. This means that the callout will be enumerated + more than once, but with the same value for pattern_position in each case. The callback function should normally return zero. If it returns a non- @@ -4886,24 +5026,29 @@ REVISION Last updated: 03 February 2019 Copyright (c) 1997-2019 University of Cambridge. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -PCRE2COMPAT(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2COMPAT(3) +PCRE2 10.33 03 February 2019 PCRE2CALLOUT(3) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +PCRE2COMPAT(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2COMPAT(3) NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) + DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PCRE2 AND PERL - This document describes some of the differences in the ways that PCRE2 - and Perl handle regular expressions. The differences described here are - with respect to Perl version 5.34.0, but as both Perl and PCRE2 are - continually changing, the information may at times be out of date. + This document describes some of the known differences in the ways that + PCRE2 and Perl handle regular expressions. The differences described + here are with respect to Perl version 5.38.0, but as both Perl and + PCRE2 are continually changing, the information may at times be out of + date. - 1. When PCRE2_DOTALL (equivalent to Perl's /s qualifier) is not set, + 1. When PCRE2_DOTALL (equivalent to Perl's /s qualifier) is not set, the behaviour of the '.' metacharacter differs from Perl. In PCRE2, '.' matches the next character unless it is the start of a newline se- quence. This means that, if the newline setting is CR, CRLF, or NUL, @@ -4920,37 +5065,41 @@ DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PCRE2 AND PERL serts that the next character is not "a" three times (in principle; PCRE2 optimizes this to run the assertion just once). Perl allows some repeat quantifiers on other assertions, for example, \b* , but these do - not seem to have any use. PCRE2 does not allow any kind of quantifier + not seem to have any use. PCRE2 does not allow any kind of quantifier on non-lookaround assertions. - 4. Capture groups that occur inside negative lookaround assertions are - counted, but their entries in the offsets vector are set only when a - negative assertion is a condition that has a matching branch (that is, - the condition is false). Perl may set such capture groups in other + 4. If a braced quantifier such as {1,2} appears where there is nothing + to repeat (for example, at the start of a branch), PCRE2 raises an er- + ror whereas Perl treats the quantifier characters as literal. + + 5. Capture groups that occur inside negative lookaround assertions are + counted, but their entries in the offsets vector are set only when a + negative assertion is a condition that has a matching branch (that is, + the condition is false). Perl may set such capture groups in other circumstances. - 5. The following Perl escape sequences are not supported: \F, \l, \L, + 6. The following Perl escape sequences are not supported: \F, \l, \L, \u, \U, and \N when followed by a character name. \N on its own, match- ing a non-newline character, and \N{U+dd..}, matching a Unicode code point, are supported. The escapes that modify the case of following letters are implemented by Perl's general string-handling and are not part of its pattern matching engine. If any of these are encountered by - PCRE2, an error is generated by default. However, if either of the - PCRE2_ALT_BSUX or PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX options is set, \U and \u are + PCRE2, an error is generated by default. However, if either of the + PCRE2_ALT_BSUX or PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX options is set, \U and \u are interpreted as ECMAScript interprets them. - 6. The Perl escape sequences \p, \P, and \X are supported only if PCRE2 + 7. The Perl escape sequences \p, \P, and \X are supported only if PCRE2 is built with Unicode support (the default). The properties that can be - tested with \p and \P are limited to the general category properties - such as Lu and Nd, script names such as Greek or Han, Bidi_Class, - Bidi_Control, and the derived properties Any and LC (synonym L&). Both - PCRE2 and Perl support the Cs (surrogate) property, but in PCRE2 its - use is limited. See the pcre2pattern documentation for details. The - long synonyms for property names that Perl supports (such as \p{Let- - ter}) are not supported by PCRE2, nor is it permitted to prefix any of - these properties with "Is". - - 7. PCRE2 supports the \Q...\E escape for quoting substrings. Characters + tested with \p and \P are limited to the general category properties + such as Lu and Nd, the derived properties Any and LC (synonym L&), + script names such as Greek or Han, Bidi_Class, Bidi_Control, and a few + binary properties. Both PCRE2 and Perl support the Cs (surrogate) prop- + erty, but in PCRE2 its use is limited. See the pcre2pattern documenta- + tion for details. The long synonyms for property names that Perl sup- + ports (such as \p{Letter}) are not supported by PCRE2, nor is it per- + mitted to prefix any of these properties with "Is". + + 8. PCRE2 supports the \Q...\E escape for quoting substrings. Characters in between are treated as literals. However, this is slightly different from Perl in that $ and @ are also handled as literals inside the quotes. In Perl, they cause variable interpolation (PCRE2 does not have @@ -4971,124 +5120,115 @@ DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PCRE2 AND PERL The \Q...\E sequence is recognized both inside and outside character classes by both PCRE2 and Perl. - 8. Fairly obviously, PCRE2 does not support the (?{code}) and + 9. Fairly obviously, PCRE2 does not support the (?{code}) and (??{code}) constructions. However, PCRE2 does have a "callout" feature, which allows an external function to be called during pattern matching. See the pcre2callout documentation for details. - 9. Subroutine calls (whether recursive or not) were treated as atomic + 10. Subroutine calls (whether recursive or not) were treated as atomic groups up to PCRE2 release 10.23, but from release 10.30 this changed, and backtracking into subroutine calls is now supported, as in Perl. - 10. In PCRE2, if any of the backtracking control verbs are used in a + 11. In PCRE2, if any of the backtracking control verbs are used in a group that is called as a subroutine (whether or not recursively), their effect is confined to that group; it does not extend to the sur- rounding pattern. This is not always the case in Perl. In particular, if (*THEN) is present in a group that is called as a subroutine, its action is limited to that group, even if the group does not contain any - | characters. Note that such groups are processed as anchored at the + | characters. Note that such groups are processed as anchored at the point where they are tested. - 11. If a pattern contains more than one backtracking control verb, the - first one that is backtracked onto acts. For example, in the pattern - A(*COMMIT)B(*PRUNE)C a failure in B triggers (*COMMIT), but a failure + 12. If a pattern contains more than one backtracking control verb, the + first one that is backtracked onto acts. For example, in the pattern + A(*COMMIT)B(*PRUNE)C a failure in B triggers (*COMMIT), but a failure in C triggers (*PRUNE). Perl's behaviour is more complex; in many cases it is the same as PCRE2, but there are cases where it differs. - 12. There are some differences that are concerned with the settings of + 13. There are some differences that are concerned with the settings of captured strings when part of a pattern is repeated. For example, matching "aba" against the pattern /^(a(b)?)+$/ in Perl leaves $2 un- set, but in PCRE2 it is set to "b". - 13. PCRE2's handling of duplicate capture group numbers and names is + 14. PCRE2's handling of duplicate capture group numbers and names is not as general as Perl's. This is a consequence of the fact the PCRE2 works internally just with numbers, using an external table to trans- late between numbers and names. In particular, a pattern such as (?|(?A)|(?B)), where the two capture groups have the same number but different names, is not supported, and causes an error at compile time. If it were allowed, it would not be possible to distinguish which - group matched, because both names map to capture group number 1. To + group matched, because both names map to capture group number 1. To avoid this confusing situation, an error is given at compile time. - 14. Perl used to recognize comments in some places that PCRE2 does not, + 15. Perl used to recognize comments in some places that PCRE2 does not, for example, between the ( and ? at the start of a group. If the /x modifier is set, Perl allowed white space between ( and ? though the latest Perls give an error (for a while it was just deprecated). There may still be some cases where Perl behaves differently. - 15. Perl, when in warning mode, gives warnings for character classes + 16. Perl, when in warning mode, gives warnings for character classes such as [A-\d] or [a-[:digit:]]. It then treats the hyphens as liter- als. PCRE2 has no warning features, so it gives an error in these cases because they are almost certainly user mistakes. - 16. In PCRE2, the upper/lower case character properties Lu and Ll are - not affected when case-independent matching is specified. For example, + 17. In PCRE2, the upper/lower case character properties Lu and Ll are + not affected when case-independent matching is specified. For example, \p{Lu} always matches an upper case letter. I think Perl has changed in - this respect; in the release at the time of writing (5.34), \p{Lu} and + this respect; in the release at the time of writing (5.38), \p{Lu} and \p{Ll} match all letters, regardless of case, when case independence is specified. - 17. From release 5.32.0, Perl locks out the use of \K in lookaround as- + 18. From release 5.32.0, Perl locks out the use of \K in lookaround as- sertions. From release 10.38 PCRE2 does the same by default. However, there is an option for re-enabling the previous behaviour. When this option is set, \K is acted on when it occurs in positive assertions, but is ignored in negative assertions. - 18. PCRE2 provides some extensions to the Perl regular expression fa- + 19. PCRE2 provides some extensions to the Perl regular expression fa- cilities. Perl 5.10 included new features that were not in earlier versions of Perl, some of which (such as named parentheses) were in - PCRE2 for some time before. This list is with respect to Perl 5.34: + PCRE2 for some time before. This list is with respect to Perl 5.38: - (a) Although lookbehind assertions in PCRE2 must match fixed length - strings, each alternative toplevel branch of a lookbehind assertion can - match a different length of string. Perl used to require them all to - have the same length, but the latest version has some variable length - support. - - (b) From PCRE2 10.23, backreferences to groups of fixed length are sup- - ported in lookbehinds, provided that there is no possibility of refer- - encing a non-unique number or name. Perl does not support backrefer- - ences in lookbehinds. - - (c) If PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set and PCRE2_MULTILINE is not set, the + (a) If PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set and PCRE2_MULTILINE is not set, the $ meta-character matches only at the very end of the string. - (d) A backslash followed by a letter with no special meaning is + (b) A backslash followed by a letter with no special meaning is faulted. (Perl can be made to issue a warning.) - (e) If PCRE2_UNGREEDY is set, the greediness of the repetition quanti- + (c) If PCRE2_UNGREEDY is set, the greediness of the repetition quanti- fiers is inverted, that is, by default they are not greedy, but if fol- lowed by a question mark they are. - (f) PCRE2_ANCHORED can be used at matching time to force a pattern to + (d) PCRE2_ANCHORED can be used at matching time to force a pattern to be tried only at the first matching position in the subject string. - (g) The PCRE2_NOTBOL, PCRE2_NOTEOL, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY and + (e) The PCRE2_NOTBOL, PCRE2_NOTEOL, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY and PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART options have no Perl equivalents. - (h) The \R escape sequence can be restricted to match only CR, LF, or + (f) The \R escape sequence can be restricted to match only CR, LF, or CRLF by the PCRE2_BSR_ANYCRLF option. - (i) The callout facility is PCRE2-specific. Perl supports codeblocks + (g) The callout facility is PCRE2-specific. Perl supports codeblocks and variable interpolation, but not general hooks on every match. - (j) The partial matching facility is PCRE2-specific. + (h) The partial matching facility is PCRE2-specific. - (k) The alternative matching function (pcre2_dfa_match() matches in a + (i) The alternative matching function (pcre2_dfa_match() matches in a different way and is not Perl-compatible. - (l) PCRE2 recognizes some special sequences such as (*CR) or (*NO_JIT) + (j) PCRE2 recognizes some special sequences such as (*CR) or (*NO_JIT) at the start of a pattern. These set overall options that cannot be changed within the pattern. - (m) PCRE2 supports non-atomic positive lookaround assertions. This is + (k) PCRE2 supports non-atomic positive lookaround assertions. This is an extension to the lookaround facilities. The default, Perl-compatible lookarounds are atomic. - 19. The Perl /a modifier restricts /d numbers to pure ascii, and the - /aa modifier restricts /i case-insensitive matching to pure ascii, ig- - noring Unicode rules. This separation cannot be represented with - PCRE2_UCP. + (l) There are three syntactical items in patterns that can refer to a + capturing group by number: back references such as \g{2}, subroutine + calls such as (?3), and condition references such as (?(4)...). PCRE2 + supports relative group numbers such as +2 and -4 in all three cases. + Perl supports both plus and minus for subroutine calls, but only minus + for back references, and no relative numbering at all for conditions. 20. Perl has different limits than PCRE2. See the pcre2limit documenta- tion for details. Perl went with 5.10 from recursion to iteration keep- @@ -5097,6 +5237,12 @@ DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PCRE2 AND PERL release 10.30, and also has many build-time and run-time customizable limits. + 21. Unlike Perl, PCRE2 doesn't have character set modifiers and spe- + cially no way to set characters by context just like Perl's "/d". A + regular expression using PCRE2_UTF and PCRE2_UCP will use similar rules + to Perl's "/u"; something closer to "/a" could be selected by adding + other PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII* options on top. + AUTHOR @@ -5107,18 +5253,22 @@ AUTHOR REVISION - Last updated: 08 December 2021 - Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Last updated: 12 October 2023 + Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. -PCRE2JIT(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2JIT(3) +PCRE2 10.43 19 September 2023 PCRE2COMPAT(3) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +PCRE2JIT(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2JIT(3) NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) + PCRE2 JUST-IN-TIME COMPILER SUPPORT Just-in-time compiling is a heavyweight optimization that can greatly @@ -5128,45 +5278,54 @@ PCRE2 JUST-IN-TIME COMPILER SUPPORT essarily mean many calls of a matching function; if the pattern is not anchored, matching attempts may take place many times at various posi- tions in the subject, even for a single call. Therefore, if the subject - string is very long, it may still pay to use JIT even for one-off - matches. JIT support is available for all of the 8-bit, 16-bit and + string is very long, it may still pay to use JIT even for one-off + matches. JIT support is available for all of the 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit PCRE2 libraries. - JIT support applies only to the traditional Perl-compatible matching - function. It does not apply when the DFA matching function is being - used. The code for this support was written by Zoltan Herczeg. + JIT support applies only to the traditional Perl-compatible matching + function. It does not apply when the DFA matching function is being + used. The code for JIT support was written by Zoltan Herczeg. AVAILABILITY OF JIT SUPPORT - JIT support is an optional feature of PCRE2. The "configure" option - --enable-jit (or equivalent CMake option) must be set when PCRE2 is - built if you want to use JIT. The support is limited to the following + JIT support is an optional feature of PCRE2. The "configure" option + --enable-jit (or equivalent CMake option) must be set when PCRE2 is + built if you want to use JIT. The support is limited to the following hardware platforms: ARM 32-bit (v5, v7, and Thumb2) ARM 64-bit IBM s390x 64 bit Intel x86 32-bit and 64-bit + LoongArch 64 bit MIPS 32-bit and 64-bit Power PC 32-bit and 64-bit - SPARC 32-bit + RISC-V 32-bit and 64-bit If --enable-jit is set on an unsupported platform, compilation fails. - A program can tell if JIT support is available by calling pcre2_con- - fig() with the PCRE2_CONFIG_JIT option. The result is 1 when JIT is - available, and 0 otherwise. However, a simple program does not need to - check this in order to use JIT. The API is implemented in a way that - falls back to the interpretive code if JIT is not available. For pro- - grams that need the best possible performance, there is also a "fast - path" API that is JIT-specific. + A client program can tell if JIT support is available by calling + pcre2_config() with the PCRE2_CONFIG_JIT option. The result is one if + PCRE2 was built with JIT support, and zero otherwise. However, having + the JIT code available does not guarantee that it will be used for any + particular match. One reason for this is that there are a number of op- + tions and pattern items that are not supported by JIT (see below). An- + other reason is that in some environments JIT is unable to get memory + in which to build its compiled code. The only guarantee from pcre2_con- + fig() is that if it returns zero, JIT will definitely not be used. + + A simple program does not need to check availability in order to use + JIT when possible. The API is implemented in a way that falls back to + the interpretive code if JIT is not available or cannot be used for a + given match. For programs that need the best possible performance, + there is a "fast path" API that is JIT-specific. SIMPLE USE OF JIT - To make use of the JIT support in the simplest way, all you have to do - is to call pcre2_jit_compile() after successfully compiling a pattern + To make use of the JIT support in the simplest way, all you have to do + is to call pcre2_jit_compile() after successfully compiling a pattern with pcre2_compile(). This function has two arguments: the first is the compiled pattern pointer that was returned by pcre2_compile(), and the second is zero or more of the following option bits: PCRE2_JIT_COM- @@ -5182,13 +5341,13 @@ SIMPLE USE OF JIT There is a limit to the size of pattern that JIT supports, imposed by the size of machine stack that it uses. The exact rules are not docu- mented because they may change at any time, in particular, when new op- - timizations are introduced. If a pattern is too big, a call to + timizations are introduced. If a pattern is too big, a call to pcre2_jit_compile() returns PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY. - PCRE2_JIT_COMPLETE requests the JIT compiler to generate code for com- - plete matches. If you want to run partial matches using the PCRE2_PAR- - TIAL_HARD or PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT options of pcre2_match(), you should - set one or both of the other options as well as, or instead of + PCRE2_JIT_COMPLETE requests the JIT compiler to generate code for com- + plete matches. If you want to run partial matches using the PCRE2_PAR- + TIAL_HARD or PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT options of pcre2_match(), you should + set one or both of the other options as well as, or instead of PCRE2_JIT_COMPLETE. The JIT compiler generates different optimized code for each of the three modes (normal, soft partial, hard partial). When pcre2_match() is called, the appropriate code is run if it is avail- @@ -5204,31 +5363,33 @@ SIMPLE USE OF JIT diately returns zero. This is an alternative way of testing whether JIT is available. - At present, it is not possible to free JIT compiled code except when + At present, it is not possible to free JIT compiled code except when the entire compiled pattern is freed by calling pcre2_code_free(). - In some circumstances you may need to call additional functions. These - are described in the section entitled "Controlling the JIT stack" be- + In some circumstances you may need to call additional functions. These + are described in the section entitled "Controlling the JIT stack" be- low. There are some pcre2_match() options that are not supported by JIT, and there are also some pattern items that JIT cannot handle. Details are - given below. In both cases, matching automatically falls back to the + given below. In both cases, matching automatically falls back to the interpretive code. If you want to know whether JIT was actually used for a particular match, you should arrange for a JIT callback function to be set up as described in the section entitled "Controlling the JIT stack" below, even if you do not need to supply a non-default JIT stack. Such a callback function is called whenever JIT code is about to - be obeyed. If the match-time options are not right for JIT execution, + be obeyed. If the match-time options are not right for JIT execution, the callback function is not obeyed. - If the JIT compiler finds an unsupported item, no JIT data is gener- - ated. You can find out if JIT matching is available after compiling a + If the JIT compiler finds an unsupported item, no JIT data is gener- + ated. You can find out if JIT compilation was successful for a compiled pattern by calling pcre2_pattern_info() with the PCRE2_INFO_JITSIZE op- - tion. A non-zero result means that JIT compilation was successful. A + tion. A non-zero result means that JIT compilation was successful. A result of 0 means that JIT support is not available, or the pattern was not processed by pcre2_jit_compile(), or the JIT compiler was not able - to handle the pattern. + to handle the pattern. Successful JIT compilation does not, however, + guarantee the use of JIT at match time because there are some match + time options that are not supported by JIT. MATCHING SUBJECTS CONTAINING INVALID UTF @@ -5238,20 +5399,21 @@ MATCHING SUBJECTS CONTAINING INVALID UTF fault, this is checked at the start of matching and an error is gener- ated if invalid UTF is detected. The PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK option can be passed to pcre2_match() to skip the check (for improved performance) if - you are sure that a subject string is valid. If this option is used - with an invalid string, the result is undefined. + you are sure that a subject string is valid. If this option is used + with an invalid string, the result is undefined. The calling program + may crash or loop or otherwise misbehave. However, a way of running matches on strings that may contain invalid UTF sequences is available. Calling pcre2_compile() with the PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF option has two effects: it tells the inter- preter in pcre2_match() to support invalid UTF, and, if pcre2_jit_com- - pile() is called, the compiled JIT code also supports invalid UTF. De- - tails of how this support works, in both the JIT and the interpretive - cases, is given in the pcre2unicode documentation. + pile() is subsequently called, the compiled JIT code also supports in- + valid UTF. Details of how this support works, in both the JIT and the + interpretive cases, is given in the pcre2unicode documentation. There is also an obsolete option for pcre2_jit_compile() called PCRE2_JIT_INVALID_UTF, which currently exists only for backward compat- - ibility. It is superseded by the pcre2_compile() option + ibility. It is superseded by the pcre2_compile() option PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF and should no longer be used. It may be removed in future. @@ -5260,29 +5422,29 @@ UNSUPPORTED OPTIONS AND PATTERN ITEMS The pcre2_match() options that are supported for JIT matching are PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT, PCRE2_NOTBOL, PCRE2_NOTEOL, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY, - PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK, PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD, and - PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT. The PCRE2_ANCHORED and PCRE2_ENDANCHORED options + PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK, PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD, and + PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT. The PCRE2_ANCHORED and PCRE2_ENDANCHORED options are not supported at match time. - If the PCRE2_NO_JIT option is passed to pcre2_match() it disables the + If the PCRE2_NO_JIT option is passed to pcre2_match() it disables the use of JIT, forcing matching by the interpreter code. - The only unsupported pattern items are \C (match a single data unit) - when running in a UTF mode, and a callout immediately before an asser- + The only unsupported pattern items are \C (match a single data unit) + when running in a UTF mode, and a callout immediately before an asser- tion condition in a conditional group. RETURN VALUES FROM JIT MATCHING - When a pattern is matched using JIT matching, the return values are the - same as those given by the interpretive pcre2_match() code, with the - addition of one new error code: PCRE2_ERROR_JIT_STACKLIMIT. This means - that the memory used for the JIT stack was insufficient. See "Control- - ling the JIT stack" below for a discussion of JIT stack usage. + When a pattern is matched using JIT, the return values are the same as + those given by the interpretive pcre2_match() code, with the addition + of one new error code: PCRE2_ERROR_JIT_STACKLIMIT. This means that the + memory used for the JIT stack was insufficient. See "Controlling the + JIT stack" below for a discussion of JIT stack usage. - The error code PCRE2_ERROR_MATCHLIMIT is returned by the JIT code if - searching a very large pattern tree goes on for too long, as it is in - the same circumstance when JIT is not used, but the details of exactly + The error code PCRE2_ERROR_MATCHLIMIT is returned by the JIT code if + searching a very large pattern tree goes on for too long, as it is in + the same circumstance when JIT is not used, but the details of exactly what is counted are not the same. The PCRE2_ERROR_DEPTHLIMIT error code is never returned when JIT matching is used. @@ -5290,25 +5452,25 @@ RETURN VALUES FROM JIT MATCHING CONTROLLING THE JIT STACK When the compiled JIT code runs, it needs a block of memory to use as a - stack. By default, it uses 32KiB on the machine stack. However, some - large or complicated patterns need more than this. The error PCRE2_ER- + stack. By default, it uses 32KiB on the machine stack. However, some + large or complicated patterns need more than this. The error PCRE2_ER- ROR_JIT_STACKLIMIT is given when there is not enough stack. Three func- tions are provided for managing blocks of memory for use as JIT stacks. - There is further discussion about the use of JIT stacks in the section + There is further discussion about the use of JIT stacks in the section entitled "JIT stack FAQ" below. - The pcre2_jit_stack_create() function creates a JIT stack. Its argu- - ments are a starting size, a maximum size, and a general context (for - memory allocation functions, or NULL for standard memory allocation). + The pcre2_jit_stack_create() function creates a JIT stack. Its argu- + ments are a starting size, a maximum size, and a general context (for + memory allocation functions, or NULL for standard memory allocation). It returns a pointer to an opaque structure of type pcre2_jit_stack, or NULL if there is an error. The pcre2_jit_stack_free() function is used to free a stack that is no longer needed. If its argument is NULL, this - function returns immediately, without doing anything. (For the techni- - cally minded: the address space is allocated by mmap or VirtualAlloc.) - A maximum stack size of 512KiB to 1MiB should be more than enough for + function returns immediately, without doing anything. (For the techni- + cally minded: the address space is allocated by mmap or VirtualAlloc.) + A maximum stack size of 512KiB to 1MiB should be more than enough for any pattern. - The pcre2_jit_stack_assign() function specifies which stack JIT code + The pcre2_jit_stack_assign() function specifies which stack JIT code should use. Its arguments are as follows: pcre2_match_context *mcontext @@ -5338,20 +5500,20 @@ CONTROLLING THE JIT STACK A callback function is obeyed whenever JIT code is about to be run; it is not obeyed when pcre2_match() is called with options that are incom- - patible for JIT matching. A callback function can therefore be used to - determine whether a match operation was executed by JIT or by the in- + patible for JIT matching. A callback function can therefore be used to + determine whether a match operation was executed by JIT or by the in- terpreter. You may safely use the same JIT stack for more than one pattern (either by assigning directly or by callback), as long as the patterns are matched sequentially in the same thread. Currently, the only way to set - up non-sequential matches in one thread is to use callouts: if a call- - out function starts another match, that match must use a different JIT + up non-sequential matches in one thread is to use callouts: if a call- + out function starts another match, that match must use a different JIT stack to the one used for currently suspended match(es). - In a multithread application, if you do not specify a JIT stack, or if - you assign or pass back NULL from a callback, that is thread-safe, be- - cause each thread has its own machine stack. However, if you assign or + In a multithread application, if you do not specify a JIT stack, or if + you assign or pass back NULL from a callback, that is thread-safe, be- + cause each thread has its own machine stack. However, if you assign or pass back a non-NULL JIT stack, this must be a different stack for each thread so that the application is thread-safe. @@ -5363,7 +5525,7 @@ CONTROLLING THE JIT STACK is available for use. However, this is an inefficient solution, and not recommended. - This is a suggestion for how a multithreaded program that needs to set + This is a suggestion for how a multithreaded program that needs to set up non-default JIT stacks might operate: During thread initialization @@ -5375,7 +5537,7 @@ CONTROLLING THE JIT STACK Use a one-line callback function return thread_local_var - All the functions described in this section do nothing if JIT is not + All the functions described in this section do nothing if JIT is not available. @@ -5405,8 +5567,8 @@ JIT STACK FAQ The owner of the stack is the user program, not the JIT studied pattern or anything else. The user program must ensure that if a stack is being used by pcre2_match(), (that is, it is assigned to a match context that - is passed to the pattern currently running), that stack must not be - used by any other threads (to avoid overwriting the same memory area). + is passed to the pattern currently running), that stack must not be + used by any other threads (to avoid overwriting the same memory area). The best practice for multithreaded programs is to allocate a stack for each thread, and return this stack through the JIT callback function. @@ -5416,7 +5578,7 @@ JIT STACK FAQ pcre2_match() again. When you assign the stack to a match context, only a pointer is set. There is no reference counting or any other magic. You can free compiled patterns, contexts, and stacks in any order, any- - time. Just do not call pcre2_match() with a match context pointing to + time. Just do not call pcre2_match() with a match context pointing to an already freed stack, as that will cause SEGFAULT. (Also, do not free a stack currently used by pcre2_match() in another thread). You can also replace the stack in a context at any time when it is not in use. @@ -5443,7 +5605,7 @@ JIT STACK FAQ (7) This is too much of a headache. Isn't there any better solution for JIT stack handling? - No, thanks to Windows. If POSIX threads were used everywhere, we could + No, thanks to Windows. If POSIX threads were used everywhere, we could throw out this complicated API. @@ -5462,8 +5624,8 @@ FREEING JIT SPECULATIVE MEMORY EXAMPLE CODE - This is a single-threaded example that specifies a JIT stack without - using a callback. A real program should include error checking after + This is a single-threaded example that specifies a JIT stack without + using a callback. A real program should include error checking after all the function calls. int rc; @@ -5494,27 +5656,31 @@ JIT FAST PATH API JIT is not available, it is convenient for programs that are written for general use in many environments. However, calling JIT via pcre2_match() does have a performance impact. Programs that are written - for use where JIT is known to be available, and which need the best - possible performance, can instead use a "fast path" API to call JIT - matching directly instead of calling pcre2_match() (obviously only for + for use where JIT is known to be available, and which need the best + possible performance, can instead use a "fast path" API to call JIT + matching directly instead of calling pcre2_match() (obviously only for patterns that have been successfully processed by pcre2_jit_compile()). - The fast path function is called pcre2_jit_match(), and it takes ex- - actly the same arguments as pcre2_match(). However, the subject string - must be specified with a length; PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED is not sup- - ported. Unsupported option bits (for example, PCRE2_ANCHORED, PCRE2_EN- - DANCHORED and PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT) are ignored, as is the - PCRE2_NO_JIT option. The return values are also the same as for - pcre2_match(), plus PCRE2_ERROR_JIT_BADOPTION if a matching mode (par- - tial or complete) is requested that was not compiled. + The fast path function is called pcre2_jit_match(), and it takes ex- + actly the same arguments as pcre2_match(). However, the subject string + must be specified with a length; PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED is not sup- + ported. Unsupported option bits (for example, PCRE2_ANCHORED and + PCRE2_ENDANCHORED) are ignored, as is the PCRE2_NO_JIT option. The re- + turn values are also the same as for pcre2_match(), plus PCRE2_ER- + ROR_JIT_BADOPTION if a matching mode (partial or complete) is requested + that was not compiled. When you call pcre2_match(), as well as testing for invalid options, a number of other sanity checks are performed on the arguments. For exam- - ple, if the subject pointer is NULL but the length is non-zero, an im- - mediate error is given. Also, unless PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK is set, a UTF + ple, if the subject pointer is NULL but the length is non-zero, an im- + mediate error is given. Also, unless PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK is set, a UTF subject string is tested for validity. In the interests of speed, these - checks do not happen on the JIT fast path, and if invalid data is - passed, the result is undefined. + checks do not happen on the JIT fast path. If invalid UTF data is + passed when PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF was not set for pcre2_compile(), + the result is undefined. The program may crash or loop or give wrong + results. In the absence of PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF you should call + pcre2_jit_match() in UTF mode only if you are sure the subject is + valid. Bypassing the sanity checks and the pcre2_match() wrapping can give speedups of more than 10%. @@ -5522,48 +5688,52 @@ JIT FAST PATH API SEE ALSO - pcre2api(3) + pcre2api(3), pcre2unicode(3) AUTHOR Philip Hazel (FAQ by Zoltan Herczeg) - University Computing Service + Retired from University Computing Service Cambridge, England. REVISION - Last updated: 30 November 2021 - Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Last updated: 23 January 2023 + Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. -PCRE2LIMITS(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2LIMITS(3) +PCRE2 10.43 23 January 2023 PCRE2JIT(3) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +PCRE2LIMITS(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2LIMITS(3) NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) + SIZE AND OTHER LIMITATIONS There are some size limitations in PCRE2 but it is hoped that they will never in practice be relevant. - The maximum size of a compiled pattern is approximately 64 thousand + The maximum size of a compiled pattern is approximately 64 thousand code units for the 8-bit and 16-bit libraries if PCRE2 is compiled with the default internal linkage size, which is 2 bytes for these li- braries. If you want to process regular expressions that are truly enormous, you can compile PCRE2 with an internal linkage size of 3 or 4 - (when building the 16-bit library, 3 is rounded up to 4). See the + (when building the 16-bit library, 3 is rounded up to 4). See the README file in the source distribution and the pcre2build documentation for details. In these cases the limit is substantially larger. How- ever, the speed of execution is slower. In the 32-bit library, the in- ternal linkage size is always 4. The maximum length of a source pattern string is essentially unlimited; - it is the largest number a PCRE2_SIZE variable can hold. However, the + it is the largest number a PCRE2_SIZE variable can hold. However, the program that calls pcre2_compile() can specify a smaller limit. The maximum length (in code units) of a subject string is one less than @@ -5574,12 +5744,18 @@ SIZE AND OTHER LIMITATIONS All values in repeating quantifiers must be less than 65536. - The maximum length of a lookbehind assertion is 65535 characters. + There are two different limits that apply to branches of lookbehind as- + sertions. If every branch in such an assertion matches a fixed number + of characters, the maximum length of any branch is 65535 characters. If + any branch matches a variable number of characters, then the maximum + matching length for every branch is limited. The default limit is set + at compile time, defaulting to 255, but can be changed by the calling + program. There is no limit to the number of parenthesized groups, but there can be no more than 65535 capture groups, and there is a limit to the depth - of nesting of parenthesized subpatterns of all kinds. This is imposed - in order to limit the amount of system stack used at compile time. The + of nesting of parenthesized subpatterns of all kinds. This is imposed + in order to limit the amount of system stack used at compile time. The default limit can be specified when PCRE2 is built; if not, the default is set to 250. An application can change this limit by calling pcre2_set_parens_nest_limit() to set the limit in a compile context. @@ -5594,35 +5770,43 @@ SIZE AND OTHER LIMITATIONS The maximum length of a string argument to a callout is the largest number a 32-bit unsigned integer can hold. + The maximum amount of heap memory used for matching is controlled by + the heap limit, which can be set in a pattern or in a match context. + The default is a very large number, effectively unlimited. + AUTHOR Philip Hazel - University Computing Service + Retired from University Computing Service Cambridge, England. REVISION - Last updated: 02 February 2019 - Copyright (c) 1997-2019 University of Cambridge. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Last updated: August 2023 + Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. -PCRE2MATCHING(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2MATCHING(3) +PCRE2 10.43 1 August 2023 PCRE2LIMITS(3) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +PCRE2MATCHING(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2MATCHING(3) NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) + PCRE2 MATCHING ALGORITHMS This document describes the two different algorithms that are available - in PCRE2 for matching a compiled regular expression against a given - subject string. The "standard" algorithm is the one provided by the - pcre2_match() function. This works in the same as as Perl's matching - function, and provide a Perl-compatible matching operation. The just- + in PCRE2 for matching a compiled regular expression against a given + subject string. The "standard" algorithm is the one provided by the + pcre2_match() function. This works in the same as as Perl's matching + function, and provide a Perl-compatible matching operation. The just- in-time (JIT) optimization that is described in the pcre2jit documenta- tion is compatible with this function. @@ -5632,7 +5816,7 @@ PCRE2 MATCHING ALGORITHMS gorithm, and these are described below. When there is only one possible way in which a given subject string can - match a pattern, the two algorithms give the same answer. A difference + match a pattern, the two algorithms give the same answer. A difference arises, however, when there are multiple possibilities. For example, if the pattern @@ -5663,18 +5847,18 @@ THE STANDARD MATCHING ALGORITHM sions", the standard algorithm is an "NFA algorithm". It conducts a depth-first search of the pattern tree. That is, it proceeds along a single path through the tree, checking that the subject matches what is - required. When there is a mismatch, the algorithm tries any alterna- - tives at the current point, and if they all fail, it backs up to the - previous branch point in the tree, and tries the next alternative - branch at that level. This often involves backing up (moving to the - left) in the subject string as well. The order in which repetition - branches are tried is controlled by the greedy or ungreedy nature of + required. When there is a mismatch, the algorithm tries any alterna- + tives at the current point, and if they all fail, it backs up to the + previous branch point in the tree, and tries the next alternative + branch at that level. This often involves backing up (moving to the + left) in the subject string as well. The order in which repetition + branches are tried is controlled by the greedy or ungreedy nature of the quantifier. - If a leaf node is reached, a matching string has been found, and at - that point the algorithm stops. Thus, if there is more than one possi- - ble match, this algorithm returns the first one that it finds. Whether - this is the shortest, the longest, or some intermediate length depends + If a leaf node is reached, a matching string has been found, and at + that point the algorithm stops. Thus, if there is more than one possi- + ble match, this algorithm returns the first one that it finds. Whether + this is the shortest, the longest, or some intermediate length depends on the way the alternations and the greedy or ungreedy repetition quan- tifiers are specified in the pattern. @@ -5689,27 +5873,27 @@ THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING ALGORITHM This algorithm conducts a breadth-first search of the tree. Starting from the first matching point in the subject, it scans the subject string from left to right, once, character by character, and as it does - this, it remembers all the paths through the tree that represent valid - matches. In Friedl's terminology, this is a kind of "DFA algorithm", - though it is not implemented as a traditional finite state machine (it + this, it remembers all the paths through the tree that represent valid + matches. In Friedl's terminology, this is a kind of "DFA algorithm", + though it is not implemented as a traditional finite state machine (it keeps multiple states active simultaneously). - Although the general principle of this matching algorithm is that it - scans the subject string only once, without backtracking, there is one - exception: when a lookaround assertion is encountered, the characters - following or preceding the current point have to be independently in- + Although the general principle of this matching algorithm is that it + scans the subject string only once, without backtracking, there is one + exception: when a lookaround assertion is encountered, the characters + following or preceding the current point have to be independently in- spected. - The scan continues until either the end of the subject is reached, or - there are no more unterminated paths. At this point, terminated paths - represent the different matching possibilities (if there are none, the - match has failed). Thus, if there is more than one possible match, - this algorithm finds all of them, and in particular, it finds the long- - est. The matches are returned in the output vector in decreasing order - of length. There is an option to stop the algorithm after the first - match (which is necessarily the shortest) is found. + The scan continues until either the end of the subject is reached, or + there are no more unterminated paths. At this point, terminated paths + represent the different matching possibilities (if there are none, the + match has failed). Thus, if there is more than one possible match, + this algorithm finds all of them, and in particular, it finds the + longest. The matches are returned in the output vector in decreasing + order of length. There is an option to stop the algorithm after the + first match (which is necessarily the shortest) is found. - Note that the size of vector needed to contain all the results depends + Note that the size of vector needed to contain all the results depends on the number of simultaneous matches, not on the number of parentheses in the pattern. Using pcre2_match_data_create_from_pattern() to create the match data block is therefore not advisable when doing DFA match- @@ -5726,7 +5910,7 @@ THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING ALGORITHM cally move on to find matches that start at later positions. PCRE2's "auto-possessification" optimization usually applies to charac- - ter repeats at the end of a pattern (as well as internally). For exam- + ter repeats at the end of a pattern (as well as internally). For exam- ple, the pattern "a\d+" is compiled as if it were "a\d++" because there is no point even considering the possibility of backtracking into the repeated digits. For DFA matching, this means that only one possible @@ -5743,15 +5927,15 @@ THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING ALGORITHM affect auto-possessification, as just described). During matching, greedy and ungreedy quantifiers are treated in exactly the same way. However, possessive quantifiers can make a difference when what follows - could also match what is quantified, for example in a pattern like + could also match what is quantified, for example in a pattern like this: ^a++\w! - This pattern matches "aaab!" but not "aaa!", which would be matched by - a non-possessive quantifier. Similarly, if an atomic group is present, - it is matched as if it were a standalone pattern at the current point, - and the longest match is then "locked in" for the rest of the overall + This pattern matches "aaab!" but not "aaa!", which would be matched by + a non-possessive quantifier. Similarly, if an atomic group is present, + it is matched as if it were a standalone pattern at the current point, + and the longest match is then "locked in" for the rest of the overall pattern. 2. When dealing with multiple paths through the tree simultaneously, it @@ -5760,11 +5944,11 @@ THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING ALGORITHM algorithm does not attempt to do this. This means that no captured sub- strings are available. - 3. Because no substrings are captured, backreferences within the pat- + 3. Because no substrings are captured, backreferences within the pat- tern are not supported. - 4. For the same reason, conditional expressions that use a backrefer- - ence as the condition or test for a specific group recursion are not + 4. For the same reason, conditional expressions that use a backrefer- + ence as the condition or test for a specific group recursion are not supported. 5. Again for the same reason, script runs are not supported. @@ -5794,12 +5978,12 @@ ADVANTAGES OF THE ALTERNATIVE ALGORITHM The main advantage of the alternative algorithm is that all possible matches (at a single point in the subject) are automatically found, and - in particular, the longest match is found. To find more than one match - at the same point using the standard algorithm, you have to do kludgy + in particular, the longest match is found. To find more than one match + at the same point using the standard algorithm, you have to do kludgy things with callouts. - Partial matching is possible with this algorithm, though it has some - limitations. The pcre2partial documentation gives details of partial + Partial matching is possible with this algorithm, though it has some + limitations. The pcre2partial documentation gives details of partial matching and discusses multi-segment matching. @@ -5807,11 +5991,11 @@ DISADVANTAGES OF THE ALTERNATIVE ALGORITHM The alternative algorithm suffers from a number of disadvantages: - 1. It is substantially slower than the standard algorithm. This is - partly because it has to search for all possible matches, but is also + 1. It is substantially slower than the standard algorithm. This is + partly because it has to search for all possible matches, but is also because it is less susceptible to optimization. - 2. Capturing parentheses, backreferences, script runs, and matching + 2. Capturing parentheses, backreferences, script runs, and matching within invalid UTF string are not supported. 3. Although atomic groups are supported, their use does not provide the @@ -5831,16 +6015,20 @@ REVISION Last updated: 28 August 2021 Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -PCRE2PARTIAL(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2PARTIAL(3) +PCRE2 10.38 28 August 2021 PCRE2MATCHING(3) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +PCRE2PARTIAL(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2PARTIAL(3) NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions + PARTIAL MATCHING IN PCRE2 In normal use of PCRE2, if there is a match up to the end of a subject @@ -5851,61 +6039,61 @@ PARTIAL MATCHING IN PCRE2 One example is an application where the subject string is very long, and not all available at once. The requirement here is to be able to do - the matching segment by segment, but special action is needed when a + the matching segment by segment, but special action is needed when a matched substring spans the boundary between two segments. - Another example is checking a user input string as it is typed, to en- - sure that it conforms to a required format. Invalid characters can be + Another example is checking a user input string as it is typed, to en- + sure that it conforms to a required format. Invalid characters can be immediately diagnosed and rejected, giving instant feedback. - Partial matching is a PCRE2-specific feature; it is not Perl-compati- - ble. It is requested by setting one of the PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD or - PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT options when calling a matching function. The dif- - ference between the two options is whether or not a partial match is - preferred to an alternative complete match, though the details differ - between the two types of matching function. If both options are set, + Partial matching is a PCRE2-specific feature; it is not Perl-compati- + ble. It is requested by setting one of the PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD or + PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT options when calling a matching function. The dif- + ference between the two options is whether or not a partial match is + preferred to an alternative complete match, though the details differ + between the two types of matching function. If both options are set, PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD takes precedence. - If you want to use partial matching with just-in-time optimized code, - as well as setting a partial match option for the matching function, - you must also call pcre2_jit_compile() with one or both of these op- + If you want to use partial matching with just-in-time optimized code, + as well as setting a partial match option for the matching function, + you must also call pcre2_jit_compile() with one or both of these op- tions: PCRE2_JIT_PARTIAL_HARD PCRE2_JIT_PARTIAL_SOFT - PCRE2_JIT_COMPLETE should also be set if you are going to run non-par- - tial matches on the same pattern. Separate code is compiled for each - mode. If the appropriate JIT mode has not been compiled, interpretive + PCRE2_JIT_COMPLETE should also be set if you are going to run non-par- + tial matches on the same pattern. Separate code is compiled for each + mode. If the appropriate JIT mode has not been compiled, interpretive matching code is used. - Setting a partial matching option disables two of PCRE2's standard op- - timization hints. PCRE2 remembers the last literal code unit in a pat- - tern, and abandons matching immediately if it is not present in the - subject string. This optimization cannot be used for a subject string - that might match only partially. PCRE2 also remembers a minimum length - of a matching string, and does not bother to run the matching function - on shorter strings. This optimization is also disabled for partial + Setting a partial matching option disables two of PCRE2's standard op- + timization hints. PCRE2 remembers the last literal code unit in a pat- + tern, and abandons matching immediately if it is not present in the + subject string. This optimization cannot be used for a subject string + that might match only partially. PCRE2 also remembers a minimum length + of a matching string, and does not bother to run the matching function + on shorter strings. This optimization is also disabled for partial matching. REQUIREMENTS FOR A PARTIAL MATCH - A possible partial match occurs during matching when the end of the - subject string is reached successfully, but either more characters are - needed to complete the match, or the addition of more characters might + A possible partial match occurs during matching when the end of the + subject string is reached successfully, but either more characters are + needed to complete the match, or the addition of more characters might change what is matched. - Example 1: if the pattern is /abc/ and the subject is "ab", more char- - acters are definitely needed to complete a match. In this case both + Example 1: if the pattern is /abc/ and the subject is "ab", more char- + acters are definitely needed to complete a match. In this case both hard and soft matching options yield a partial match. - Example 2: if the pattern is /ab+/ and the subject is "ab", a complete - match can be found, but the addition of more characters might change - what is matched. In this case, only PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD returns a par- + Example 2: if the pattern is /ab+/ and the subject is "ab", a complete + match can be found, but the addition of more characters might change + what is matched. In this case, only PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD returns a par- tial match; PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT returns the complete match. - On reaching the end of the subject, when PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD is set, if + On reaching the end of the subject, when PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD is set, if the next pattern item is \z, \Z, \b, \B, or $ there is always a partial match. Otherwise, for both options, the next pattern item must be one that inspects a character, and at least one of the following must be @@ -5917,16 +6105,16 @@ REQUIREMENTS FOR A PARTIAL MATCH acters before the start of a matched string. (2) The pattern contains one or more lookbehind assertions. This condi- - tion exists in case there is a lookbehind that inspects characters be- + tion exists in case there is a lookbehind that inspects characters be- fore the start of the match. - (3) There is a special case when the whole pattern can match an empty - string. When the starting point is at the end of the subject, the - empty string match is a possibility, and if PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT is set - and neither of the above conditions is true, it is returned. However, - because adding more characters might result in a non-empty match, - PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD returns a partial match, which in this case means - "there is going to be a match at this point, but until some more char- + (3) There is a special case when the whole pattern can match an empty + string. When the starting point is at the end of the subject, the + empty string match is a possibility, and if PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT is set + and neither of the above conditions is true, it is returned. However, + because adding more characters might result in a non-empty match, + PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD returns a partial match, which in this case means + "there is going to be a match at this point, but until some more char- acters are added, we do not know if it will be an empty string or some- thing longer". @@ -5944,7 +6132,7 @@ PARTIAL MATCHING USING pcre2_match() No match can start anywhere in this subject. PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL - Adding more characters may result in a complete match that uses one + Adding more characters may result in a complete match that uses one or more characters from the end of this subject. When a partial match is returned, the first two elements in the ovector @@ -5955,22 +6143,22 @@ PARTIAL MATCHING USING pcre2_match() /abc\K123/ If it is matched against "456abc123xyz" the result is a complete match, - and the ovector defines the matched string as "123", because \K resets - the "start of match" point. However, if a partial match is requested - and the subject string is "456abc12", a partial match is found for the - string "abc12", because all these characters are needed for a subse- + and the ovector defines the matched string as "123", because \K resets + the "start of match" point. However, if a partial match is requested + and the subject string is "456abc12", a partial match is found for the + string "abc12", because all these characters are needed for a subse- quent re-match with additional characters. - If there is more than one partial match, the first one that was found + If there is more than one partial match, the first one that was found provides the data that is returned. Consider this pattern: /123\w+X|dogY/ - If this is matched against the subject string "abc123dog", both alter- - natives fail to match, but the end of the subject is reached during - matching, so PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL is returned. The offsets are set to 3 - and 9, identifying "123dog" as the first partial match. (In this exam- - ple, there are two partial matches, because "dog" on its own partially + If this is matched against the subject string "abc123dog", both alter- + natives fail to match, but the end of the subject is reached during + matching, so PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL is returned. The offsets are set to 3 + and 9, identifying "123dog" as the first partial match. (In this exam- + ple, there are two partial matches, because "dog" on its own partially matches the second alternative.) How a partial match is processed by pcre2_match() @@ -5982,11 +6170,11 @@ PARTIAL MATCHING USING pcre2_match() as a partial match is found, without continuing to search for possible complete matches. This option is "hard" because it prefers an earlier partial match over a later complete match. For this reason, the assump- - tion is made that the end of the supplied subject string is not the - true end of the available data, which is why \z, \Z, \b, \B, and $ al- + tion is made that the end of the supplied subject string is not the + true end of the available data, which is why \z, \Z, \b, \B, and $ al- ways give a partial match. - If PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT is set, the partial match is remembered, but + If PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT is set, the partial match is remembered, but matching continues as normal, and other alternatives in the pattern are tried. If no complete match can be found, PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL is re- turned instead of PCRE2_ERROR_NOMATCH. This option is "soft" because it @@ -6017,14 +6205,14 @@ PARTIAL MATCHING USING pcre2_match() /dog(sbody)?/ is the same as /dogsbody|dog/ /dog(sbody)??/ is the same as /dog|dogsbody/ - The second pattern will never match "dogsbody", because it will always + The second pattern will never match "dogsbody", because it will always find the shorter match first. Example of partial matching using pcre2test - The pcre2test data modifiers partial_hard (or ph) and partial_soft (or - ps) set PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD and PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT, respectively, when - calling pcre2_match(). Here is a run of pcre2test using a pattern that + The pcre2test data modifiers partial_hard (or ph) and partial_soft (or + ps) set PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD and PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT, respectively, when + calling pcre2_match(). Here is a run of pcre2test using a pattern that matches the whole subject in the form of a date: re> /^\d?\d(jan|feb|mar|apr|may|jun|jul|aug|sep|oct|nov|dec)\d\d$/ @@ -6035,7 +6223,7 @@ PARTIAL MATCHING USING pcre2_match() data> 3juj\=ph No match - This example gives the same results for both hard and soft partial + This example gives the same results for both hard and soft partial matching options. Here is an example where there is a difference: re> /^\d?\d(jan|feb|mar|apr|may|jun|jul|aug|sep|oct|nov|dec)\d\d$/ @@ -6045,7 +6233,7 @@ PARTIAL MATCHING USING pcre2_match() data> 25jun04\=ph Partial match: 25jun04 - With PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT, the subject is matched completely. For + With PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT, the subject is matched completely. For PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD, however, the subject is assumed not to be complete, so there is only a partial match. @@ -6055,7 +6243,7 @@ MULTI-SEGMENT MATCHING WITH pcre2_match() PCRE was not originally designed with multi-segment matching in mind. However, over time, features (including partial matching) that make multi-segment matching possible have been added. A very long string can - be searched segment by segment by calling pcre2_match() repeatedly, + be searched segment by segment by calling pcre2_match() repeatedly, with the aim of achieving the same results that would happen if the en- tire string was available for searching all the time. Normally, the strings that are being sought are much shorter than each individual @@ -6064,8 +6252,8 @@ MULTI-SEGMENT MATCHING WITH pcre2_match() Special logic must be implemented to handle a matched substring that spans a segment boundary. PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD should be used, because it - returns a partial match at the end of a segment whenever there is the - possibility of changing the match by adding more characters. The + returns a partial match at the end of a segment whenever there is the + possibility of changing the match by adding more characters. The PCRE2_NOTBOL option should also be set for all but the first segment. When a partial match occurs, the next segment must be added to the cur- @@ -6082,21 +6270,21 @@ MULTI-SEGMENT MATCHING WITH pcre2_match() Note the use of the offset modifier to start the new match where the partial match was found. In this example, the next segment was added to - the one in which the partial match was found. This is the most + the one in which the partial match was found. This is the most straightforward approach, typically using a memory buffer that is twice the size of each segment. After a partial match, the first half of the - buffer is discarded, the second half is moved to the start of the buf- - fer, and a new segment is added before repeating the match as in the + buffer is discarded, the second half is moved to the start of the + buffer, and a new segment is added before repeating the match as in the example above. After a no match, the entire buffer can be discarded. If there are memory constraints, you may want to discard text that pre- cedes a partial match before adding the next segment. Unfortunately, this is not at present straightforward. In cases such as the above, where the pattern does not contain any lookbehinds, it is sufficient to - retain only the partially matched substring. However, if the pattern - contains a lookbehind assertion, characters that precede the start of - the partial match may have been inspected during the matching process. - When pcre2test displays a partial match, it indicates these characters + retain only the partially matched substring. However, if the pattern + contains a lookbehind assertion, characters that precede the start of + the partial match may have been inspected during the matching process. + When pcre2test displays a partial match, it indicates these characters with '<' if the allusedtext modifier is set: re> "(?<=123)abc" @@ -6104,8 +6292,8 @@ MULTI-SEGMENT MATCHING WITH pcre2_match() Partial match: 123ab <<< - However, the allusedtext modifier is not available for JIT matching, - because JIT matching does not record the first (or last) consulted + However, the allusedtext modifier is not available for JIT matching, + because JIT matching does not record the first (or last) consulted characters. For this reason, this information is not available via the API. It is therefore not possible in general to obtain the exact number of characters that must be retained in order to get the right match re- @@ -6119,12 +6307,12 @@ MULTI-SEGMENT MATCHING WITH pcre2_match() if there are nested lookbehinds. The value returned by calling pcre2_pattern_info() with the PCRE2_INFO_MAXLOOKBEHIND option is the maximum number of characters (not code units) that any individual look- - behind moves back when it is processed. A pattern such as - "(?<=(?\r\n|\n|\x0b|\f|\r|\x85) This is an example of an "atomic group", details of which are given be- - low. This particular group matches either the two-character sequence - CR followed by LF, or one of the single characters LF (linefeed, - U+000A), VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF (form feed, U+000C), CR (car- - riage return, U+000D), or NEL (next line, U+0085). Because this is an - atomic group, the two-character sequence is treated as a single unit + low. This particular group matches either the two-character sequence + CR followed by LF, or one of the single characters LF (linefeed, + U+000A), VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF (form feed, U+000C), CR (car- + riage return, U+000D), or NEL (next line, U+0085). Because this is an + atomic group, the two-character sequence is treated as a single unit that cannot be split. In other modes, two additional characters whose code points are greater than 255 are added: LS (line separator, U+2028) and PS (paragraph sepa- - rator, U+2029). Unicode support is not needed for these characters to + rator, U+2029). Unicode support is not needed for these characters to be recognized. It is possible to restrict \R to match only CR, LF, or CRLF (instead of the complete set of Unicode line endings) by setting the option PCRE2_BSR_ANYCRLF at compile time. (BSR is an abbreviation for "back- slash R".) This can be made the default when PCRE2 is built; if this is - the case, the other behaviour can be requested via the PCRE2_BSR_UNI- - CODE option. It is also possible to specify these settings by starting + the case, the other behaviour can be requested via the PCRE2_BSR_UNI- + CODE option. It is also possible to specify these settings by starting a pattern string with one of the following sequences: (*BSR_ANYCRLF) CR, LF, or CRLF only @@ -6869,8 +7090,8 @@ BACKSLASH These override the default and the options given to the compiling func- tion. Note that these special settings, which are not Perl-compatible, - are recognized only at the very start of a pattern, and that they must - be in upper case. If more than one of them is present, the last one is + are recognized only at the very start of a pattern, and that they must + be in upper case. If more than one of them is present, the last one is used. They can be combined with a change of newline convention; for ex- ample, a pattern can start with: @@ -6885,14 +7106,14 @@ BACKSLASH When PCRE2 is built with Unicode support (the default), three addi- tional escape sequences that match characters with specific properties are available. They can be used in any mode, though in 8-bit and 16-bit - non-UTF modes these sequences are of course limited to testing charac- - ters whose code points are less than U+0100 and U+10000, respectively. - In 32-bit non-UTF mode, code points greater than 0x10ffff (the Unicode - limit) may be encountered. These are all treated as being in the Un- + non-UTF modes these sequences are of course limited to testing charac- + ters whose code points are less than U+0100 and U+10000, respectively. + In 32-bit non-UTF mode, code points greater than 0x10ffff (the Unicode + limit) may be encountered. These are all treated as being in the Un- known script and with an unassigned type. - Matching characters by Unicode property is not fast, because PCRE2 has - to do a multistage table lookup in order to find a character's prop- + Matching characters by Unicode property is not fast, because PCRE2 has + to do a multistage table lookup in order to find a character's prop- erty. That is why the traditional escape sequences such as \d and \w do not use Unicode properties in PCRE2 by default, though you can make them do so by setting the PCRE2_UCP option or by starting the pattern @@ -6917,20 +7138,20 @@ BACKSLASH Script properties for \p and \P There are three different syntax forms for matching a script. Each Uni- - code character has a basic script and, optionally, a list of other + code character has a basic script and, optionally, a list of other scripts ("Script Extensions") with which it is commonly used. Using the Adlam script as an example, \p{sc:Adlam} matches characters whose basic script is Adlam, whereas \p{scx:Adlam} matches, in addition, characters that have Adlam in their extensions list. The full names "script" and "script extensions" for the property types are recognized, and a equals - sign is an alternative to the colon. If a script name is given without - a property type, for example, \p{Adlam}, it is treated as \p{scx:Ad- - lam}. Perl changed to this interpretation at release 5.26 and PCRE2 + sign is an alternative to the colon. If a script name is given without + a property type, for example, \p{Adlam}, it is treated as \p{scx:Ad- + lam}. Perl changed to this interpretation at release 5.26 and PCRE2 changed at release 10.40. Unassigned characters (and in non-UTF 32-bit mode, characters with code points greater than 0x10FFFF) are assigned the "Unknown" script. Others - that are not part of an identified script are lumped together as "Com- + that are not part of an identified script are lumped together as "Com- mon". The current list of recognized script names and their 4-character abbreviations can be obtained by running this command: @@ -6940,9 +7161,9 @@ BACKSLASH The general category property for \p and \P Each character has exactly one Unicode general category property, spec- - ified by a two-letter abbreviation. For compatibility with Perl, nega- - tion can be specified by including a circumflex between the opening - brace and the property name. For example, \p{^Lu} is the same as + ified by a two-letter abbreviation. For compatibility with Perl, nega- + tion can be specified by including a circumflex between the opening + brace and the property name. For example, \p{^Lu} is the same as \P{Lu}. If only one letter is specified with \p or \P, it includes all the gen- @@ -7008,26 +7229,26 @@ BACKSLASH ferent to any other character when PCRE2 is not in UTF mode (using the 16-bit or 32-bit library). However, they are not valid in Unicode strings and so cannot be tested by PCRE2 in UTF mode, unless UTF valid- - ity checking has been turned off (see the discussion of + ity checking has been turned off (see the discussion of PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK in the pcre2api page). - The long synonyms for property names that Perl supports (such as - \p{Letter}) are not supported by PCRE2, nor is it permitted to prefix + The long synonyms for property names that Perl supports (such as + \p{Letter}) are not supported by PCRE2, nor is it permitted to prefix any of these properties with "Is". No character that is in the Unicode table has the Cn (unassigned) prop- erty. Instead, this property is assumed for any code point that is not in the Unicode table. - Specifying caseless matching does not affect these escape sequences. - For example, \p{Lu} always matches only upper case letters. This is + Specifying caseless matching does not affect these escape sequences. + For example, \p{Lu} always matches only upper case letters. This is different from the behaviour of current versions of Perl. Binary (yes/no) properties for \p and \P - Unicode defines a number of binary properties, that is, properties - whose only values are true or false. You can obtain a list of those - that are recognized by \p and \P, along with their abbreviations, by + Unicode defines a number of binary properties, that is, properties + whose only values are true or false. You can obtain a list of those + that are recognized by \p and \P, along with their abbreviations, by running this command: pcre2test -LP @@ -7064,23 +7285,23 @@ BACKSLASH S segment separator WS which space - An equals sign may be used instead of a colon. The class names are + An equals sign may be used instead of a colon. The class names are case-insensitive; only the short names listed above are recognized. Extended grapheme clusters - The \X escape matches any number of Unicode characters that form an + The \X escape matches any number of Unicode characters that form an "extended grapheme cluster", and treats the sequence as an atomic group (see below). Unicode supports various kinds of composite character by giving each character a grapheme breaking property, and having rules that use these properties to define the boundaries of extended grapheme - clusters. The rules are defined in Unicode Standard Annex 29, "Unicode - Text Segmentation". Unicode 11.0.0 abandoned the use of some previous - properties that had been used for emojis. Instead it introduced vari- - ous emoji-specific properties. PCRE2 uses only the Extended Picto- + clusters. The rules are defined in Unicode Standard Annex 29, "Unicode + Text Segmentation". Unicode 11.0.0 abandoned the use of some previous + properties that had been used for emojis. Instead it introduced vari- + ous emoji-specific properties. PCRE2 uses only the Extended Picto- graphic property. - \X always matches at least one character. Then it decides whether to + \X always matches at least one character. Then it decides whether to add additional characters according to the following rules for ending a cluster: @@ -7116,8 +7337,8 @@ BACKSLASH As well as the standard Unicode properties described above, PCRE2 sup- ports four more that make it possible to convert traditional escape se- - quences such as \w and \s to use Unicode properties. PCRE2 uses these - non-standard, non-Perl properties internally when PCRE2_UCP is set. + quences such as \w and \s to use Unicode properties. PCRE2 uses these + non-standard, non-Perl properties internally when PCRE2_UCP is set. However, they may also be used explicitly. These properties are: Xan Any alphanumeric character @@ -7125,20 +7346,21 @@ BACKSLASH Xsp Any Perl space character Xwd Any Perl "word" character - Xan matches characters that have either the L (letter) or the N (num- - ber) property. Xps matches the characters tab, linefeed, vertical tab, - form feed, or carriage return, and any other character that has the Z - (separator) property. Xsp is the same as Xps; in PCRE1 it used to ex- - clude vertical tab, for Perl compatibility, but Perl changed. Xwd - matches the same characters as Xan, plus underscore. - - There is another non-standard property, Xuc, which matches any charac- - ter that can be represented by a Universal Character Name in C++ and - other programming languages. These are the characters $, @, ` (grave - accent), and all characters with Unicode code points greater than or - equal to U+00A0, except for the surrogates U+D800 to U+DFFF. Note that - most base (ASCII) characters are excluded. (Universal Character Names - are of the form \uHHHH or \UHHHHHHHH where H is a hexadecimal digit. + Xan matches characters that have either the L (letter) or the N (num- + ber) property. Xps matches the characters tab, linefeed, vertical tab, + form feed, or carriage return, and any other character that has the Z + (separator) property. Xsp is the same as Xps; in PCRE1 it used to ex- + clude vertical tab, for Perl compatibility, but Perl changed. Xwd + matches the same characters as Xan, plus those that match Mn (non-spac- + ing mark) or Pc (connector punctuation, which includes underscore). + + There is another non-standard property, Xuc, which matches any charac- + ter that can be represented by a Universal Character Name in C++ and + other programming languages. These are the characters $, @, ` (grave + accent), and all characters with Unicode code points greater than or + equal to U+00A0, except for the surrogates U+D800 to U+DFFF. Note that + most base (ASCII) characters are excluded. (Universal Character Names + are of the form \uHHHH or \UHHHHHHHH where H is a hexadecimal digit. Note that the Xuc property does not match these sequences but the char- acters that they represent.) @@ -7150,18 +7372,18 @@ BACKSLASH foo\Kbar - matches "foobar", but reports that it has matched "bar". \K does not + matches "foobar", but reports that it has matched "bar". \K does not interact with anchoring in any way. The pattern: ^foo\Kbar - matches only when the subject begins with "foobar" (in single line - mode), though it again reports the matched string as "bar". This fea- - ture is similar to a lookbehind assertion (described below). However, - in this case, the part of the subject before the real match does not - have to be of fixed length, as lookbehind assertions do. The use of \K - does not interfere with the setting of captured substrings. For exam- - ple, when the pattern + matches only when the subject begins with "foobar" (in single line + mode), though it again reports the matched string as "bar". This fea- + ture is similar to a lookbehind assertion (described below), but the + part of the pattern that precedes \K is not constrained to match a lim- + ited number of characters, as is required for a lookbehind assertion. + The use of \K does not interfere with the setting of captured sub- + strings. For example, when the pattern (foo)\Kbar @@ -7172,25 +7394,25 @@ BACKSLASH the PCRE2_EXTRA_ALLOW_LOOKAROUND_BSK option can be used when calling pcre2_compile() to re-enable the previous behaviour. When this option is set, \K is acted upon when it occurs inside positive assertions, but - is ignored in negative assertions. Note that when a pattern such as - (?=ab\K) matches, the reported start of the match can be greater than - the end of the match. Using \K in a lookbehind assertion at the start - of a pattern can also lead to odd effects. For example, consider this + is ignored in negative assertions. Note that when a pattern such as + (?=ab\K) matches, the reported start of the match can be greater than + the end of the match. Using \K in a lookbehind assertion at the start + of a pattern can also lead to odd effects. For example, consider this pattern: (?<=\Kfoo)bar - If the subject is "foobar", a call to pcre2_match() with a starting - offset of 3 succeeds and reports the matching string as "foobar", that - is, the start of the reported match is earlier than where the match + If the subject is "foobar", a call to pcre2_match() with a starting + offset of 3 succeeds and reports the matching string as "foobar", that + is, the start of the reported match is earlier than where the match started. Simple assertions - The final use of backslash is for certain simple assertions. An asser- - tion specifies a condition that has to be met at a particular point in - a match, without consuming any characters from the subject string. The - use of groups for more complicated assertions is described below. The + The final use of backslash is for certain simple assertions. An asser- + tion specifies a condition that has to be met at a particular point in + a match, without consuming any characters from the subject string. The + use of groups for more complicated assertions is described below. The backslashed assertions are: \b matches at a word boundary @@ -7201,15 +7423,15 @@ BACKSLASH \z matches only at the end of the subject \G matches at the first matching position in the subject - Inside a character class, \b has a different meaning; it matches the - backspace character. If any other of these assertions appears in a + Inside a character class, \b has a different meaning; it matches the + backspace character. If any other of these assertions appears in a character class, an "invalid escape sequence" error is generated. - A word boundary is a position in the subject string where the current - character and the previous character do not both match \w or \W (i.e. - one matches \w and the other matches \W), or the start or end of the - string if the first or last character matches \w, respectively. When - PCRE2 is built with Unicode support, the meanings of \w and \W can be + A word boundary is a position in the subject string where the current + character and the previous character do not both match \w or \W (i.e. + one matches \w and the other matches \W), or the start or end of the + string if the first or last character matches \w, respectively. When + PCRE2 is built with Unicode support, the meanings of \w and \W can be changed by setting the PCRE2_UCP option. When this is done, it also af- fects \b and \B. Neither PCRE2 nor Perl has a separate "start of word" or "end of word" metasequence. However, whatever follows \b normally @@ -7218,27 +7440,27 @@ BACKSLASH The \A, \Z, and \z assertions differ from the traditional circumflex and dollar (described in the next section) in that they only ever match - at the very start and end of the subject string, whatever options are - set. Thus, they are independent of multiline mode. These three asser- - tions are not affected by the PCRE2_NOTBOL or PCRE2_NOTEOL options, - which affect only the behaviour of the circumflex and dollar metachar- - acters. However, if the startoffset argument of pcre2_match() is non- - zero, indicating that matching is to start at a point other than the - beginning of the subject, \A can never match. The difference between - \Z and \z is that \Z matches before a newline at the end of the string + at the very start and end of the subject string, whatever options are + set. Thus, they are independent of multiline mode. These three asser- + tions are not affected by the PCRE2_NOTBOL or PCRE2_NOTEOL options, + which affect only the behaviour of the circumflex and dollar metachar- + acters. However, if the startoffset argument of pcre2_match() is non- + zero, indicating that matching is to start at a point other than the + beginning of the subject, \A can never match. The difference between + \Z and \z is that \Z matches before a newline at the end of the string as well as at the very end, whereas \z matches only at the end. - The \G assertion is true only when the current matching position is at - the start point of the matching process, as specified by the startoff- - set argument of pcre2_match(). It differs from \A when the value of - startoffset is non-zero. By calling pcre2_match() multiple times with - appropriate arguments, you can mimic Perl's /g option, and it is in + The \G assertion is true only when the current matching position is at + the start point of the matching process, as specified by the startoff- + set argument of pcre2_match(). It differs from \A when the value of + startoffset is non-zero. By calling pcre2_match() multiple times with + appropriate arguments, you can mimic Perl's /g option, and it is in this kind of implementation where \G can be useful. - Note, however, that PCRE2's implementation of \G, being true at the - starting character of the matching process, is subtly different from - Perl's, which defines it as true at the end of the previous match. In - Perl, these can be different when the previously matched string was + Note, however, that PCRE2's implementation of \G, being true at the + starting character of the matching process, is subtly different from + Perl's, which defines it as true at the end of the previous match. In + Perl, these can be different when the previously matched string was empty. Because PCRE2 does just one match at a time, it cannot reproduce this behaviour. @@ -7249,8 +7471,8 @@ BACKSLASH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOLLAR - The circumflex and dollar metacharacters are zero-width assertions. - That is, they test for a particular condition being true without con- + The circumflex and dollar metacharacters are zero-width assertions. + That is, they test for a particular condition being true without con- suming any characters from the subject string. These two metacharacters are concerned with matching the starts and ends of lines. If the new- line convention is set so that only the two-character sequence CRLF is @@ -7258,32 +7480,32 @@ CIRCUMFLEX AND DOLLAR ordinary data characters, and are not recognized as newlines. Outside a character class, in the default matching mode, the circumflex - character is an assertion that is true only if the current matching - point is at the start of the subject string. If the startoffset argu- - ment of pcre2_match() is non-zero, or if PCRE2_NOTBOL is set, circum- - flex can never match if the PCRE2_MULTILINE option is unset. Inside a - character class, circumflex has an entirely different meaning (see be- + character is an assertion that is true only if the current matching + point is at the start of the subject string. If the startoffset argu- + ment of pcre2_match() is non-zero, or if PCRE2_NOTBOL is set, circum- + flex can never match if the PCRE2_MULTILINE option is unset. Inside a + character class, circumflex has an entirely different meaning (see be- low). - Circumflex need not be the first character of the pattern if a number - of alternatives are involved, but it should be the first thing in each - alternative in which it appears if the pattern is ever to match that - branch. If all possible alternatives start with a circumflex, that is, - if the pattern is constrained to match only at the start of the sub- - ject, it is said to be an "anchored" pattern. (There are also other + Circumflex need not be the first character of the pattern if a number + of alternatives are involved, but it should be the first thing in each + alternative in which it appears if the pattern is ever to match that + branch. If all possible alternatives start with a circumflex, that is, + if the pattern is constrained to match only at the start of the sub- + ject, it is said to be an "anchored" pattern. (There are also other constructs that can cause a pattern to be anchored.) - The dollar character is an assertion that is true only if the current - matching point is at the end of the subject string, or immediately be- - fore a newline at the end of the string (by default), unless PCRE2_NO- - TEOL is set. Note, however, that it does not actually match the new- - line. Dollar need not be the last character of the pattern if a number - of alternatives are involved, but it should be the last item in any - branch in which it appears. Dollar has no special meaning in a charac- + The dollar character is an assertion that is true only if the current + matching point is at the end of the subject string, or immediately be- + fore a newline at the end of the string (by default), unless PCRE2_NO- + TEOL is set. Note, however, that it does not actually match the new- + line. Dollar need not be the last character of the pattern if a number + of alternatives are involved, but it should be the last item in any + branch in which it appears. Dollar has no special meaning in a charac- ter class. - The meaning of dollar can be changed so that it matches only at the - very end of the string, by setting the PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY option at + The meaning of dollar can be changed so that it matches only at the + very end of the string, by setting the PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY option at compile time. This does not affect the \Z assertion. The meanings of the circumflex and dollar metacharacters are changed if @@ -7319,7 +7541,7 @@ CIRCUMFLEX AND DOLLAR FULL STOP (PERIOD, DOT) AND \N Outside a character class, a dot in the pattern matches any one charac- - ter in the subject string except (by default) a character that signi- + ter in the subject string except (by default) a character that signi- fies the end of a line. One or more characters may be specified as line terminators (see "Newline conventions" above). @@ -7331,18 +7553,18 @@ FULL STOP (PERIOD, DOT) AND \N endings are being recognized, dot does not match CR or LF or any of the other line ending characters. - The behaviour of dot with regard to newlines can be changed. If the - PCRE2_DOTALL option is set, a dot matches any one character, without - exception. If the two-character sequence CRLF is present in the sub- + The behaviour of dot with regard to newlines can be changed. If the + PCRE2_DOTALL option is set, a dot matches any one character, without + exception. If the two-character sequence CRLF is present in the sub- ject string, it takes two dots to match it. - The handling of dot is entirely independent of the handling of circum- - flex and dollar, the only relationship being that they both involve + The handling of dot is entirely independent of the handling of circum- + flex and dollar, the only relationship being that they both involve newlines. Dot has no special meaning in a character class. - The escape sequence \N when not followed by an opening brace behaves - like a dot, except that it is not affected by the PCRE2_DOTALL option. - In other words, it matches any character except one that signifies the + The escape sequence \N when not followed by an opening brace behaves + like a dot, except that it is not affected by the PCRE2_DOTALL option. + In other words, it matches any character except one that signifies the end of a line. When \N is followed by an opening brace it has a different meaning. See @@ -7361,8 +7583,8 @@ MATCHING A SINGLE CODE UNIT match individual bytes in UTF-8 mode, but it is unclear how it can use- fully be used. - Because \C breaks up characters into individual code units, matching - one unit with \C in UTF-8 or UTF-16 mode means that the rest of the + Because \C breaks up characters into individual code units, matching + one unit with \C in UTF-8 or UTF-16 mode means that the rest of the string may start with a malformed UTF character. This has undefined re- sults, because PCRE2 assumes that it is matching character by character in a valid UTF string (by default it checks the subject string's valid- @@ -7385,9 +7607,9 @@ MATCHING A SINGLE CODE UNIT whether or not UTF-32 is specified. In general, the \C escape sequence is best avoided. However, one way of - using it that avoids the problem of malformed UTF-8 or UTF-16 charac- - ters is to use a lookahead to check the length of the next character, - as in this pattern, which could be used with a UTF-8 string (ignore + using it that avoids the problem of malformed UTF-8 or UTF-16 charac- + ters is to use a lookahead to check the length of the next character, + as in this pattern, which could be used with a UTF-8 string (ignore white space and line breaks): (?| (?=[\x00-\x7f])(\C) | @@ -7395,8 +7617,8 @@ MATCHING A SINGLE CODE UNIT (?=[\x{800}-\x{ffff}])(\C)(\C)(\C) | (?=[\x{10000}-\x{1fffff}])(\C)(\C)(\C)(\C)) - In this example, a group that starts with (?| resets the capturing - parentheses numbers in each alternative (see "Duplicate Group Numbers" + In this example, a group that starts with (?| resets the capturing + parentheses numbers in each alternative (see "Duplicate Group Numbers" below). The assertions at the start of each branch check the next UTF-8 character for values whose encoding uses 1, 2, 3, or 4 bytes, respec- tively. The character's individual bytes are then captured by the ap- @@ -7409,20 +7631,20 @@ SQUARE BRACKETS AND CHARACTER CLASSES closing square bracket. A closing square bracket on its own is not spe- cial by default. If a closing square bracket is required as a member of the class, it should be the first data character in the class (after - an initial circumflex, if present) or escaped with a backslash. This - means that, by default, an empty class cannot be defined. However, if - the PCRE2_ALLOW_EMPTY_CLASS option is set, a closing square bracket at + an initial circumflex, if present) or escaped with a backslash. This + means that, by default, an empty class cannot be defined. However, if + the PCRE2_ALLOW_EMPTY_CLASS option is set, a closing square bracket at the start does end the (empty) class. - A character class matches a single character in the subject. A matched + A character class matches a single character in the subject. A matched character must be in the set of characters defined by the class, unless the first character in the class definition is a circumflex, in which case the subject character must not be in the set defined by the class. - If a circumflex is actually required as a member of the class, ensure + If a circumflex is actually required as a member of the class, ensure it is not the first character, or escape it with a backslash. - For example, the character class [aeiou] matches any lower case vowel, - while [^aeiou] matches any character that is not a lower case vowel. + For example, the character class [aeiou] matches any lower case vowel, + while [^aeiou] matches any character that is not a lower case vowel. Note that a circumflex is just a convenient notation for specifying the characters that are in the class by enumerating those that are not. A class that starts with a circumflex is not an assertion; it still con- @@ -7446,23 +7668,23 @@ SQUARE BRACKETS AND CHARACTER CLASSES one of these characters. The generic character type escape sequences \d, \D, \h, \H, \p, \P, \s, - \S, \v, \V, \w, and \W may appear in a character class, and add the - characters that they match to the class. For example, [\dABCDEF] - matches any hexadecimal digit. In UTF modes, the PCRE2_UCP option af- + \S, \v, \V, \w, and \W may appear in a character class, and add the + characters that they match to the class. For example, [\dABCDEF] + matches any hexadecimal digit. In UTF modes, the PCRE2_UCP option af- fects the meanings of \d, \s, \w and their upper case partners, just as it does when they appear outside a character class, as described in the - section entitled "Generic character types" above. The escape sequence - \b has a different meaning inside a character class; it matches the - backspace character. The sequences \B, \R, and \X are not special in- - side a character class. Like any other unrecognized escape sequences, - they cause an error. The same is true for \N when not followed by an + section entitled "Generic character types" above. The escape sequence + \b has a different meaning inside a character class; it matches the + backspace character. The sequences \B, \R, and \X are not special in- + side a character class. Like any other unrecognized escape sequences, + they cause an error. The same is true for \N when not followed by an opening brace. - The minus (hyphen) character can be used to specify a range of charac- - ters in a character class. For example, [d-m] matches any letter be- - tween d and m, inclusive. If a minus character is required in a class, - it must be escaped with a backslash or appear in a position where it - cannot be interpreted as indicating a range, typically as the first or + The minus (hyphen) character can be used to specify a range of charac- + ters in a character class. For example, [d-m] matches any letter be- + tween d and m, inclusive. If a minus character is required in a class, + it must be escaped with a backslash or appear in a position where it + cannot be interpreted as indicating a range, typically as the first or last character in the class, or immediately after a range. For example, [b-d-z] matches letters in the range b to d, a hyphen character, or z. @@ -7474,12 +7696,12 @@ SQUARE BRACKETS AND CHARACTER CLASSES given in these cases. It is not possible to have the literal character "]" as the end charac- - ter of a range. A pattern such as [W-]46] is interpreted as a class of - two characters ("W" and "-") followed by a literal string "46]", so it - would match "W46]" or "-46]". However, if the "]" is escaped with a - backslash it is interpreted as the end of range, so [W-\]46] is inter- - preted as a class containing a range followed by two other characters. - The octal or hexadecimal representation of "]" can also be used to end + ter of a range. A pattern such as [W-]46] is interpreted as a class of + two characters ("W" and "-") followed by a literal string "46]", so it + would match "W46]" or "-46]". However, if the "]" is escaped with a + backslash it is interpreted as the end of range, so [W-\]46] is inter- + preted as a class containing a range followed by two other characters. + The octal or hexadecimal representation of "]" can also be used to end a range. Ranges normally include all code points between the start and end char- @@ -7492,33 +7714,33 @@ SQUARE BRACKETS AND CHARACTER CLASSES ever, ranges such as [\x{d7ff}-\x{e000}], which include the surrogates, are always permitted. - There is a special case in EBCDIC environments for ranges whose end + There is a special case in EBCDIC environments for ranges whose end points are both specified as literal letters in the same case. For com- patibility with Perl, EBCDIC code points within the range that are not letters are omitted. For example, [h-k] matches only four characters, even though the codes for h and k are 0x88 and 0x92, a range of 11 code - points. However, if the range is specified numerically, for example, + points. However, if the range is specified numerically, for example, [\x88-\x92] or [h-\x92], all code points are included. If a range that includes letters is used when caseless matching is set, it matches the letters in either case. For example, [W-c] is equivalent - to [][\\^_`wxyzabc], matched caselessly, and in a non-UTF mode, if - character tables for a French locale are in use, [\xc8-\xcb] matches + to [][\\^_`wxyzabc], matched caselessly, and in a non-UTF mode, if + character tables for a French locale are in use, [\xc8-\xcb] matches accented E characters in both cases. - A circumflex can conveniently be used with the upper case character - types to specify a more restricted set of characters than the matching - lower case type. For example, the class [^\W_] matches any letter or + A circumflex can conveniently be used with the upper case character + types to specify a more restricted set of characters than the matching + lower case type. For example, the class [^\W_] matches any letter or digit, but not underscore, whereas [\w] includes underscore. A positive character class should be read as "something OR something OR ..." and a negative class as "NOT something AND NOT something AND NOT ...". - The only metacharacters that are recognized in character classes are - backslash, hyphen (only where it can be interpreted as specifying a - range), circumflex (only at the start), opening square bracket (only - when it can be interpreted as introducing a POSIX class name, or for a - special compatibility feature - see the next two sections), and the - terminating closing square bracket. However, escaping other non-al- + The only metacharacters that are recognized in character classes are + backslash, hyphen (only where it can be interpreted as specifying a + range), circumflex (only at the start), opening square bracket (only + when it can be interpreted as introducing a POSIX class name, or for a + special compatibility feature - see the next two sections), and the + terminating closing square bracket. However, escaping other non-al- phanumeric characters does no harm. @@ -7548,10 +7770,11 @@ POSIX CHARACTER CLASSES word "word" characters (same as \w) xdigit hexadecimal digits - The default "space" characters are HT (9), LF (10), VT (11), FF (12), - CR (13), and space (32). If locale-specific matching is taking place, - the list of space characters may be different; there may be fewer or - more of them. "Space" and \s match the same set of characters. + The default "space" characters are HT (9), LF (10), VT (11), FF (12), + CR (13), and space (32). If locale-specific matching is taking place, + the list of space characters may be different; there may be fewer or + more of them. "Space" and \s match the same set of characters, as do + "word" and \w. The name "word" is a Perl extension, and "blank" is a GNU extension from Perl 5.8. Another Perl extension is negation, which is indicated @@ -7566,10 +7789,10 @@ POSIX CHARACTER CLASSES By default, characters with values greater than 127 do not match any of the POSIX character classes, although this may be different for charac- ters in the range 128-255 when locale-specific matching is happening. - However, if the PCRE2_UCP option is passed to pcre2_compile(), some of - the classes are changed so that Unicode character properties are used. - This is achieved by replacing certain POSIX classes with other se- - quences, as follows: + However, in UCP mode, unless certain options are set (see below), some + of the classes are changed so that Unicode character properties are + used. This is achieved by replacing POSIX classes with other sequences, + as follows: [:alnum:] becomes \p{Xan} [:alpha:] becomes \p{L} @@ -7581,10 +7804,10 @@ POSIX CHARACTER CLASSES [:upper:] becomes \p{Lu} [:word:] becomes \p{Xwd} - Negated versions, such as [:^alpha:] use \P instead of \p. Three other + Negated versions, such as [:^alpha:] use \P instead of \p. Four other POSIX classes are handled specially in UCP mode: - [:graph:] This matches characters that have glyphs that mark the page + [:graph:] This matches characters that have glyphs that mark the page when printed. In Unicode property terms, it matches all char- acters with the L, M, N, P, S, or Cf properties, except for: @@ -7598,17 +7821,31 @@ POSIX CHARACTER CLASSES the Zs property. [:punct:] This matches all characters that have the Unicode P (punctua- - tion) property, plus those characters with code points less + tion) property, plus those characters with code points less than 256 that have the S (Symbol) property. - The other POSIX classes are unchanged, and match only characters with - code points less than 256. + [:xdigit:] + In addition to the ASCII hexadecimal digits, this also + matches the "fullwidth" versions of those characters, whose + Unicode code points start at U+FF10. This is a change that + was made in PCRE release 10.43 for Perl compatibility. + + The other POSIX classes are unchanged by PCRE2_UCP, and match only + characters with code points less than 256. + + There are two options that can be used to restrict the POSIX classes to + ASCII characters when PCRE2_UCP is set. The option PCRE2_EX- + TRA_ASCII_DIGIT affects just [:digit:] and [:xdigit:]. Within a pat- + tern, this can be set and unset by (?aT) and (?-aT). The PCRE2_EX- + TRA_ASCII_POSIX option disables UCP processing for all POSIX classes, + including [:digit:] and [:xdigit:]. Within a pattern, (?aP) and (?-aP) + set and unset both these options for consistency. COMPATIBILITY FEATURE FOR WORD BOUNDARIES - In the POSIX.2 compliant library that was included in 4.4BSD Unix, the - ugly syntax [[:<:]] and [[:>:]] is used for matching "start of word" + In the POSIX.2 compliant library that was included in 4.4BSD Unix, the + ugly syntax [[:<:]] and [[:>:]] is used for matching "start of word" and "end of word". PCRE2 treats these items as follows: [[:<:]] is converted to \b(?=\w) @@ -7618,22 +7855,24 @@ COMPATIBILITY FEATURE FOR WORD BOUNDARIES [a[:<:]b] provokes error for an unrecognized POSIX class name. This support is not compatible with Perl. It is provided to help migrations from other environments, and is best not used in any new patterns. Note - that \b matches at the start and the end of a word (see "Simple asser- - tions" above), and in a Perl-style pattern the preceding or following - character normally shows which is wanted, without the need for the as- - sertions that are used above in order to give exactly the POSIX behav- - iour. + that \b matches at the start and the end of a word (see "Simple asser- + tions" above), and in a Perl-style pattern the preceding or following + character normally shows which is wanted, without the need for the as- + sertions that are used above in order to give exactly the POSIX behav- + iour. Note also that the PCRE2_UCP option changes the meaning of \w + (and therefore \b) by default, so it also affects these POSIX se- + quences. VERTICAL BAR - Vertical bar characters are used to separate alternative patterns. For + Vertical bar characters are used to separate alternative patterns. For example, the pattern gilbert|sullivan - matches either "gilbert" or "sullivan". Any number of alternatives may - appear, and an empty alternative is permitted (matching the empty + matches either "gilbert" or "sullivan". Any number of alternatives may + appear, and an empty alternative is permitted (matching the empty string). The matching process tries each alternative in turn, from left to right, and the first one that succeeds is used. If the alternatives are within a group (defined below), "succeeds" means matching the rest @@ -7642,12 +7881,10 @@ VERTICAL BAR INTERNAL OPTION SETTING - The settings of the PCRE2_CASELESS, PCRE2_MULTILINE, PCRE2_DOTALL, - PCRE2_EXTENDED, PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE, and PCRE2_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE options - can be changed from within the pattern by a sequence of letters en- - closed between "(?" and ")". These options are Perl-compatible, and - are described in detail in the pcre2api documentation. The option let- - ters are: + The settings of several options can be changed within a pattern by a + sequence of letters enclosed between "(?" and ")". The following are + Perl-compatible, and are described in detail in the pcre2api documenta- + tion. The option letters are: i for PCRE2_CASELESS m for PCRE2_MULTILINE @@ -7658,38 +7895,52 @@ INTERNAL OPTION SETTING For example, (?im) sets caseless, multiline matching. It is also possi- ble to unset these options by preceding the relevant letters with a hy- - phen, for example (?-im). The two "extended" options are not indepen- + phen, for example (?-im). The two "extended" options are not indepen- dent; unsetting either one cancels the effects of both of them. - A combined setting and unsetting such as (?im-sx), which sets - PCRE2_CASELESS and PCRE2_MULTILINE while unsetting PCRE2_DOTALL and - PCRE2_EXTENDED, is also permitted. Only one hyphen may appear in the - options string. If a letter appears both before and after the hyphen, - the option is unset. An empty options setting "(?)" is allowed. Need- + A combined setting and unsetting such as (?im-sx), which sets + PCRE2_CASELESS and PCRE2_MULTILINE while unsetting PCRE2_DOTALL and + PCRE2_EXTENDED, is also permitted. Only one hyphen may appear in the + options string. If a letter appears both before and after the hyphen, + the option is unset. An empty options setting "(?)" is allowed. Need- less to say, it has no effect. - If the first character following (? is a circumflex, it causes all of - the above options to be unset. Thus, (?^) is equivalent to (?-imnsx). - Letters may follow the circumflex to cause some options to be re-in- - stated, but a hyphen may not appear. - - The PCRE2-specific options PCRE2_DUPNAMES and PCRE2_UNGREEDY can be - changed in the same way as the Perl-compatible options by using the - characters J and U respectively. However, these are not unset by (?^). - - When one of these option changes occurs at top level (that is, not in- - side group parentheses), the change applies to the remainder of the - pattern that follows. An option change within a group (see below for a - description of groups) affects only that part of the group that follows - it, so + If the first character following (? is a circumflex, it causes all of + the above options to be unset. Letters may follow the circumflex to + cause some options to be re-instated, but a hyphen may not appear. + + Some PCRE2-specific options can be changed by the same mechanism using + these pairs or individual letters: + + aD for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSD + aS for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSS + aW for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSW + aP for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX and PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT + aT for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT + r for PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT + J for PCRE2_DUPNAMES + U for PCRE2_UNGREEDY + + However, except for 'r', these are not unset by (?^), which is equiva- + lent to (?-imnrsx). If 'a' is not followed by any of the upper case + letters shown above, it sets (or unsets) all the ASCII options. + + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT has no additional effect when PCRE2_EX- + TRA_ASCII_POSIX is set, but including it in (?aP) means that (?-aP) + suppresses all ASCII restrictions for POSIX classes. + + When one of these option changes occurs at top level (that is, not in- + side group parentheses), the change applies until a subsequent change, + or the end of the pattern. An option change within a group (see below + for a description of groups) affects only that part of the group that + follows it. At the end of the group these options are reset to the + state they were before the group. For example, (a(?i)b)c matches abc and aBc and no other strings (assuming PCRE2_CASELESS is - not used). By this means, options can be made to have different set- - tings in different parts of the pattern. Any changes made in one alter- - native do carry on into subsequent branches within the same group. For - example, + not set externally). Any changes made in one alternative do carry on + into subsequent branches within the same group. For example, (a(?i)b|c) @@ -7713,29 +7964,29 @@ INTERNAL OPTION SETTING sequences such as (*CRLF) to override what the application has set or what has been defaulted. Details are given in the section entitled "Newline sequences" above. There are also the (*UTF) and (*UCP) leading - sequences that can be used to set UTF and Unicode property modes; they - are equivalent to setting the PCRE2_UTF and PCRE2_UCP options, respec- - tively. However, the application can set the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF and - PCRE2_NEVER_UCP options, which lock out the use of the (*UTF) and + sequences that can be used to set UTF and Unicode property modes; they + are equivalent to setting the PCRE2_UTF and PCRE2_UCP options, respec- + tively. However, the application can set the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF or + PCRE2_NEVER_UCP options, which lock out the use of the (*UTF) and (*UCP) sequences. GROUPS - Groups are delimited by parentheses (round brackets), which can be + Groups are delimited by parentheses (round brackets), which can be nested. Turning part of a pattern into a group does two things: 1. It localizes a set of alternatives. For example, the pattern cat(aract|erpillar|) - matches "cataract", "caterpillar", or "cat". Without the parentheses, + matches "cataract", "caterpillar", or "cat". Without the parentheses, it would match "cataract", "erpillar" or an empty string. - 2. It creates a "capture group". This means that, when the whole pat- - tern matches, the portion of the subject string that matched the group - is passed back to the caller, separately from the portion that matched - the whole pattern. (This applies only to the traditional matching + 2. It creates a "capture group". This means that, when the whole pat- + tern matches, the portion of the subject string that matched the group + is passed back to the caller, separately from the portion that matched + the whole pattern. (This applies only to the traditional matching function; the DFA matching function does not support capturing.) Opening parentheses are counted from left to right (starting from 1) to @@ -7747,11 +7998,11 @@ GROUPS the captured substrings are "red king", "red", and "king", and are num- bered 1, 2, and 3, respectively. - The fact that plain parentheses fulfil two functions is not always - helpful. There are often times when grouping is required without cap- - turing. If an opening parenthesis is followed by a question mark and a - colon, the group does not do any capturing, and is not counted when - computing the number of any subsequent capture groups. For example, if + The fact that plain parentheses fulfil two functions is not always + helpful. There are often times when grouping is required without cap- + turing. If an opening parenthesis is followed by a question mark and a + colon, the group does not do any capturing, and is not counted when + computing the number of any subsequent capture groups. For example, if the string "the white queen" is matched against the pattern the ((?:red|white) (king|queen)) @@ -7767,8 +8018,8 @@ GROUPS (?:(?i)saturday|sunday) match exactly the same set of strings. Because alternative branches are - tried from left to right, and options are not reset until the end of - the group is reached, an option setting in one branch does affect sub- + tried from left to right, and options are not reset until the end of + the group is reached, an option setting in one branch does affect sub- sequent branches, so the above patterns match "SUNDAY" as well as "Sat- urday". @@ -7776,16 +8027,16 @@ GROUPS DUPLICATE GROUP NUMBERS Perl 5.10 introduced a feature whereby each alternative in a group uses - the same numbers for its capturing parentheses. Such a group starts - with (?| and is itself a non-capturing group. For example, consider + the same numbers for its capturing parentheses. Such a group starts + with (?| and is itself a non-capturing group. For example, consider this pattern: (?|(Sat)ur|(Sun))day - Because the two alternatives are inside a (?| group, both sets of cap- - turing parentheses are numbered one. Thus, when the pattern matches, - you can look at captured substring number one, whichever alternative - matched. This construct is useful when you want to capture part, but + Because the two alternatives are inside a (?| group, both sets of cap- + turing parentheses are numbered one. Thus, when the pattern matches, + you can look at captured substring number one, whichever alternative + matched. This construct is useful when you want to capture part, but not all, of one of a number of alternatives. Inside a (?| group, paren- theses are numbered as usual, but the number is reset at the start of each branch. The numbers of any capturing parentheses that follow the @@ -7821,14 +8072,14 @@ DUPLICATE GROUP NUMBERS NAMED CAPTURE GROUPS Identifying capture groups by number is simple, but it can be very hard - to keep track of the numbers in complicated patterns. Furthermore, if - an expression is modified, the numbers may change. To help with this - difficulty, PCRE2 supports the naming of capture groups. This feature - was not added to Perl until release 5.10. Python had the feature ear- - lier, and PCRE1 introduced it at release 4.0, using the Python syntax. + to keep track of the numbers in complicated patterns. Furthermore, if + an expression is modified, the numbers may change. To help with this + difficulty, PCRE2 supports the naming of capture groups. This feature + was not added to Perl until release 5.10. Python had the feature ear- + lier, and PCRE1 introduced it at release 4.0, using the Python syntax. PCRE2 supports both the Perl and the Python syntax. - In PCRE2, a capture group can be named in one of three ways: + In PCRE2, a capture group can be named in one of three ways: (? ...) or (?'name'...) as in Perl, or (?P section about duplicate group numbers), .\" -the condition is true if any of them have matched. An alternative notation is -to precede the digits with a plus or minus sign. In this case, the group number -is relative rather than absolute. The most recently opened capture group can be -referenced by (?(-1), the next most recent by (?(-2), and so on. Inside loops -it can also make sense to refer to subsequent groups. The next capture group -can be referenced as (?(+1), and so on. (The value zero in any of these forms -is not used; it provokes a compile-time error.) +the condition is true if any of them have matched. An alternative notation, +which is a PCRE2 extension, not supported by Perl, is to precede the digits +with a plus or minus sign. In this case, the group number is relative rather +than absolute. The most recently opened capture group (which could be enclosing +this condition) can be referenced by (?(-1), the next most recent by (?(-2), +and so on. Inside loops it can also make sense to refer to subsequent groups. +The next capture group to be opened can be referenced as (?(+1), and so on. The +value zero in any of these forms is not used; it provokes a compile-time error. .P Consider the following pattern, which contains non-significant white space to make it more readable (assume the PCRE2_EXTENDED option) and to divide it into @@ -2876,7 +2952,6 @@ than two digits. If the condition is not in any of the above formats, it must be a parenthesized assertion. This may be a positive or negative lookahead or lookbehind assertion. However, it must be a traditional atomic assertion, not one of the -PCRE2-specific .\" HTML .\" non-atomic assertions. @@ -3814,6 +3889,6 @@ Cambridge, England. .rs .sp .nf -Last updated: 12 January 2022 -Copyright (c) 1997-2022 University of Cambridge. +Last updated: 12 October 2023 +Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. .fi diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2perform.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2perform.3 index 040369a..72aa67a 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2perform.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2perform.3 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2PERFORM 3 "03 February 2019" "PCRE2 10.33" +.TH PCRE2PERFORM 3 "27 July 2022" "PCRE2 10.41" .SH NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .SH "PCRE2 PERFORMANCE" @@ -69,12 +69,28 @@ From release 10.30, the interpretive (non-JIT) version of \fBpcre2_match()\fP uses very little system stack at run time. In earlier releases recursive function calls could use a great deal of stack, and this could cause problems, but this usage has been eliminated. Backtracking positions are now explicitly -remembered in memory frames controlled by the code. An initial 20KiB vector of -frames is allocated on the system stack (enough for about 100 frames for small -patterns), but if this is insufficient, heap memory is used. The amount of heap -memory can be limited; if the limit is set to zero, only the initial stack -vector is used. Rewriting patterns to be time-efficient, as described below, -may also reduce the memory requirements. +remembered in memory frames controlled by the code. +.P +The size of each frame depends on the size of pointer variables and the number +of capturing parenthesized groups in the pattern being matched. On a 64-bit +system the frame size for a pattern with no captures is 128 bytes. For each +capturing group the size increases by 16 bytes. +.P +Until release 10.41, an initial 20KiB frames vector was allocated on the system +stack, but this still caused some issues for multi-thread applications where +each thread has a very small stack. From release 10.41 backtracking memory +frames are always held in heap memory. An initial heap allocation is obtained +the first time any match data block is passed to \fBpcre2_match()\fP. This is +remembered with the match data block and re-used if that block is used for +another match. It is freed when the match data block itself is freed. +.P +The size of the initial block is the larger of 20KiB or ten times the pattern's +frame size, unless the heap limit is less than this, in which case the heap +limit is used. If the initial block proves to be too small during matching, it +is replaced by a larger block, subject to the heap limit. The heap limit is +checked only when a new block is to be allocated. Reducing the heap limit +between calls to \fBpcre2_match()\fP with the same match data block does not +affect the saved block. .P In contrast to \fBpcre2_match()\fP, \fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP does use recursive function calls, but only for processing atomic groups, lookaround assertions, @@ -230,7 +246,7 @@ pattern to match. This is done by repeatedly matching with different limits. .sp .nf Philip Hazel -University Computing Service +Retired from University Computing Service Cambridge, England. .fi . @@ -239,6 +255,6 @@ Cambridge, England. .rs .sp .nf -Last updated: 03 February 2019 -Copyright (c) 1997-2019 University of Cambridge. +Last updated: 27 July 2022 +Copyright (c) 1997-2022 University of Cambridge. .fi diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2posix.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2posix.3 index 6cfede7..e02f704 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2posix.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2posix.3 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2POSIX 3 "26 April 2021" "PCRE2 10.37" +.TH PCRE2POSIX 3 "13 May 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .SH "SYNOPSIS" @@ -44,7 +44,12 @@ can be accessed by adding \fB-lpcre2-posix\fP to the command for linking an application. Because the POSIX functions call the native ones, it is also necessary to add \fB-lpcre2-8\fP. .P -Although they were not defined as protypes in \fBpcre2posix.h\fP, releases +On Windows systems, if you are linking to a DLL version of the library, it is +recommended that \fBPCRE2POSIX_SHARED\fP is defined before including the +\fBpcre2posix.h\fP header, as it will allow for a more efficient way to +invoke the functions by adding the \fB__declspec(dllimport)\fP decorator. +.P +Although they were not defined as prototypes in \fBpcre2posix.h\fP, releases 10.33 to 10.36 of the library contained functions with the POSIX names \fBregcomp()\fP etc. These simply passed their arguments to the PCRE2 functions. These functions were provided for backwards compatibility with diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2serialize.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2serialize.3 index 987bc3a..a94f13b 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2serialize.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2serialize.3 @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ of serialized patterns, or one of the following negative error codes: .sp PCRE2_ERROR_BADDATA the number of patterns is zero or less PCRE2_ERROR_BADMAGIC mismatch of id bytes in one of the patterns - PCRE2_ERROR_MEMORY memory allocation failed + PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY memory allocation failed PCRE2_ERROR_MIXEDTABLES the patterns do not all use the same tables PCRE2_ERROR_NULL the 1st, 3rd, or 4th argument is NULL .sp diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2syntax.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2syntax.3 index c0a496f..d4b9f99 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2syntax.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2syntax.3 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2SYNTAX 3 "12 January 2022" "PCRE2 10.40" +.TH PCRE2SYNTAX 3 "12 October 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .SH "PCRE2 REGULAR EXPRESSION SYNTAX SUMMARY" @@ -17,6 +17,21 @@ documentation. This document contains a quick-reference summary of the syntax. .sp \ex where x is non-alphanumeric is a literal x \eQ...\eE treat enclosed characters as literal +.sp +Note that white space inside \eQ...\eE is always treated as literal, even if +PCRE2_EXTENDED is set, causing most other white space to be ignored. +. +. +.SH "BRACED ITEMS" +.rs +.sp +With one exception, wherever brace characters { and } are required to enclose +data for constructions such as \eg{2} or \ek{name}, space and/or horizontal tab +characters that follow { or precede } are allowed and are ignored. In the case +of quantifiers, they may also appear before or after the comma. The exception +is \eu{...} which is not Perl-compatible and is recognized only when +PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX is set. This is an ECMAScript compatibility feature, and +follows ECMAScript's behaviour. . . .SH "ESCAPED CHARACTERS" @@ -26,7 +41,7 @@ This table applies to ASCII and Unicode environments. An unrecognized escape sequence causes an error. .sp \ea alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07) - \ecx "control-x", where x is any ASCII printing character + \ecx "control-x", where x is a non-control ASCII character \ee escape (hex 1B) \ef form feed (hex 0C) \en newline (hex 0A) @@ -101,7 +116,8 @@ or in the 16-bit and 32-bit libraries. However, if locale-specific matching is happening, \es and \ew may also match characters with code points in the range 128-255. If the PCRE2_UCP option is set, the behaviour of these escape sequences is changed to use Unicode properties and they match many more -characters. +characters, but there are some option settings that can restrict individual +sequences to matching only ASCII characters. .P Property descriptions in \ep and \eP are matched caselessly; hyphens, underscores, and white space are ignored, in accordance with Unicode's "loose @@ -275,6 +291,9 @@ but some of them use Unicode properties if PCRE2_UCP is set. You can use {n,} n or more, greedy {n,}+ n or more, possessive {n,}? n or more, lazy + {,m} zero up to m, greedy + {,m}+ zero up to m, possessive + {,m}? zero up to m, lazy . . .SH "ANCHORS AND SIMPLE ASSERTIONS" @@ -346,17 +365,28 @@ both cases, a name must not start with a digit. Changes of these options within a group are automatically cancelled at the end of the group. .sp + (?a) all ASCII options + (?aD) restrict \ed to ASCII in UCP mode + (?aS) restrict \es to ASCII in UCP mode + (?aW) restrict \ew to ASCII in UCP mode + (?aP) restrict all POSIX classes to ASCII in UCP mode + (?aT) restrict POSIX digit classes to ASCII in UCP mode (?i) caseless (?J) allow duplicate named groups (?m) multiline (?n) no auto capture + (?r) restrict caseless to either ASCII or non-ASCII (?s) single line (dotall) (?U) default ungreedy (lazy) - (?x) extended: ignore white space except in classes + (?x) ignore white space except in classes or \eQ...\eE (?xx) as (?x) but also ignore space and tab in classes - (?-...) unset option(s) - (?^) unset imnsx options + (?-...) unset the given option(s) + (?^) unset imnrsx options .sp +(?aP) implies (?aT) as well, though this has no additional effect. However, it +means that (?-aP) is really (?-PT) which disables all ASCII restrictions for +POSIX classes. +.P Unsetting x or xx unsets both. Several options may be set at once, and a mixture of setting and unsetting such as (?i-x) is allowed, but there may be only one hyphen. Setting (but no unsetting) is allowed after (?^ for example @@ -429,7 +459,12 @@ setting with a similar syntax. (*nlb:...) ) negative lookbehind (*negative_lookbehind:...) ) .sp -Each top-level branch of a lookbehind must be of a fixed length. +Each top-level branch of a lookbehind must have a limit for the number of +characters it matches. If any branch can match a variable number of characters, +the maximum for each branch is limited to a value set by the caller of +\fBpcre2_compile()\fP or defaulted. The default is set when PCRE2 is built +(ultimate default 255). If every branch matches a fixed number of characters, +the limit for each branch is 65535 characters. . . .SH "NON-ATOMIC LOOKAROUND ASSERTIONS" @@ -499,8 +534,8 @@ These assertions are specific to PCRE2 and are not Perl-compatible. (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern) .sp (?(n) absolute reference condition - (?(+n) relative reference condition - (?(-n) relative reference condition + (?(+n) relative reference condition (PCRE2 extension) + (?(-n) relative reference condition (PCRE2 extension) (?(...) as in Python. Names may be up to 32 code units long. When PCRE2_UTF is not set, they may contain only ASCII alphanumeric characters and underscores, but @@ -7844,8 +8095,8 @@ NAMED CAPTURE GROUPS well as by number. Named capture groups are allocated numbers as well as names, exactly as - if the names were not present. In both PCRE2 and Perl, capture groups - are primarily identified by numbers; any names are just aliases for + if the names were not present. In both PCRE2 and Perl, capture groups + are primarily identified by numbers; any names are just aliases for these numbers. The PCRE2 API provides function calls for extracting the complete name-to-number translation table from a compiled pattern, as well as convenience functions for extracting captured substrings by @@ -7853,7 +8104,7 @@ NAMED CAPTURE GROUPS Warning: When more than one capture group has the same number, as de- scribed in the previous section, a name given to one of them applies to - all of them. Perl allows identically numbered groups to have different + all of them. Perl allows identically numbered groups to have different names. Consider this pattern, where there are two capture groups, both numbered 1: @@ -7863,7 +8114,7 @@ NAMED CAPTURE GROUPS Thus, after a successful match, both names yield the same value (either "aa" or "bb"). - In an attempt to reduce confusion, PCRE2 does not allow the same group + In an attempt to reduce confusion, PCRE2 does not allow the same group number to be associated with more than one name. The example above pro- vokes a compile-time error. However, there is still scope for confu- sion. Consider this pattern: @@ -7871,10 +8122,10 @@ NAMED CAPTURE GROUPS (?|(? aa)|(bb)) Although the second group number 1 is not explicitly named, the name AA - is still an alias for any group 1. Whether the pattern matches "aa" or + is still an alias for any group 1. Whether the pattern matches "aa" or "bb", a reference by name to group AA yields the matched string. - By default, a name must be unique within a pattern, except that dupli- + By default, a name must be unique within a pattern, except that dupli- cate names are permitted for groups with the same number, for example: (?|(? aa)|(? bb)) @@ -7883,10 +8134,10 @@ NAMED CAPTURE GROUPS NAMES option at compile time, or by the use of (?J) within the pattern, as described in the section entitled "Internal Option Setting" above. - Duplicate names can be useful for patterns where only one instance of - the named capture group can match. Suppose you want to match the name - of a weekday, either as a 3-letter abbreviation or as the full name, - and in both cases you want to extract the abbreviation. This pattern + Duplicate names can be useful for patterns where only one instance of + the named capture group can match. Suppose you want to match the name + of a weekday, either as a 3-letter abbreviation or as the full name, + and in both cases you want to extract the abbreviation. This pattern (ignoring the line breaks) does the job: (?J) @@ -7896,9 +8147,9 @@ NAMED CAPTURE GROUPS (? Thu)(?:rsday)?| (? Sat)(?:urday)? - There are five capture groups, but only one is ever set after a match. - The convenience functions for extracting the data by name returns the - substring for the first (and in this example, the only) group of that + There are five capture groups, but only one is ever set after a match. + The convenience functions for extracting the data by name returns the + substring for the first (and in this example, the only) group of that name that matched. This saves searching to find which numbered group it was. (An alternative way of solving this problem is to use a "branch reset" group, as described in the previous section.) @@ -7919,32 +8170,33 @@ NAMED CAPTURE GROUPS If you use a named reference in a condition test (see the section about conditions below), either to check whether a capture group has matched, or to check for recursion, all groups with the same name are tested. If - the condition is true for any one of them, the overall condition is - true. This is the same behaviour as testing by number. For further de- - tails of the interfaces for handling named capture groups, see the + the condition is true for any one of them, the overall condition is + true. This is the same behaviour as testing by number. For further de- + tails of the interfaces for handling named capture groups, see the pcre2api documentation. REPETITION - Repetition is specified by quantifiers, which can follow any of the - following items: + Repetition is specified by quantifiers, which may follow any one of + these items: a literal data character the dot metacharacter the \C escape sequence the \R escape sequence the \X escape sequence - an escape such as \d or \pL that matches a single character + any escape sequence that matches a single character a character class a backreference a parenthesized group (including lookaround assertions) a subroutine call (recursive or otherwise) - The general repetition quantifier specifies a minimum and maximum num- - ber of permitted matches, by giving the two numbers in curly brackets - (braces), separated by a comma. The numbers must be less than 65536, - and the first must be less than or equal to the second. For example, + If a quantifier does not follow a repeatable item, an error occurs. The + general repetition quantifier specifies a minimum and maximum number of + permitted matches by giving two numbers in curly brackets (braces), + separated by a comma. The numbers must be less than 65536, and the + first must be less than or equal to the second. For example, z{2,4} @@ -7960,13 +8212,25 @@ REPETITION \d{8} - matches exactly 8 digits. An opening curly bracket that appears in a - position where a quantifier is not allowed, or one that does not match - the syntax of a quantifier, is taken as a literal character. For exam- - ple, {,6} is not a quantifier, but a literal string of four characters. + matches exactly 8 digits. If the first number is omitted, the lower + limit is taken as zero; in this case the upper limit must be present. + + X{,4} is interpreted as X{0,4} + + This is a change in behaviour that happened in Perl 5.34.0 and PCRE2 + 10.43. In earlier versions such a sequence was not interpreted as a + quantifier. Other regular expression engines may behave either way. + + If the characters that follow an opening brace do not match the syntax + of a quantifier, the brace is taken as a literal character. In particu- + lar, this means that {,} is a literal string of three characters. + + Note that not every opening brace is potentially the start of a quanti- + fier because braces are used in other items such as \N{U+345} or + \k{name}. In UTF modes, quantifiers apply to characters rather than to individual - code units. Thus, for example, \x{100}{2} matches two characters, each + code units. Thus, for example, \x{100}{2} matches two characters, each of which is represented by a two-byte sequence in a UTF-8 string. Simi- larly, \X{3} matches three Unicode extended grapheme clusters, each of which may be several code units long (and they may be of different @@ -7977,37 +8241,37 @@ REPETITION ful for capture groups that are referenced as subroutines from else- where in the pattern (but see also the section entitled "Defining cap- ture groups for use by reference only" below). Except for parenthesized - groups, items that have a {0} quantifier are omitted from the compiled + groups, items that have a {0} quantifier are omitted from the compiled pattern. - For convenience, the three most common quantifiers have single-charac- + For convenience, the three most common quantifiers have single-charac- ter abbreviations: * is equivalent to {0,} + is equivalent to {1,} ? is equivalent to {0,1} - It is possible to construct infinite loops by following a group that - can match no characters with a quantifier that has no upper limit, for + It is possible to construct infinite loops by following a group that + can match no characters with a quantifier that has no upper limit, for example: (a?)* - Earlier versions of Perl and PCRE1 used to give an error at compile + Earlier versions of Perl and PCRE1 used to give an error at compile time for such patterns. However, because there are cases where this can be useful, such patterns are now accepted, but whenever an iteration of - such a group matches no characters, matching moves on to the next item - in the pattern instead of repeatedly matching an empty string. This - does not prevent backtracking into any of the iterations if a subse- + such a group matches no characters, matching moves on to the next item + in the pattern instead of repeatedly matching an empty string. This + does not prevent backtracking into any of the iterations if a subse- quent item fails to match. - By default, quantifiers are "greedy", that is, they match as much as - possible (up to the maximum number of permitted times), without causing - the rest of the pattern to fail. The classic example of where this - gives problems is in trying to match comments in C programs. These ap- - pear between /* and */ and within the comment, individual * and / char- - acters may appear. An attempt to match C comments by applying the pat- - tern + By default, quantifiers are "greedy", that is, they match as much as + possible (up to the maximum number of permitted repetitions), without + causing the rest of the pattern to fail. The classic example of where + this gives problems is in trying to match comments in C programs. These + appear between /* and */ and within the comment, individual * and / + characters may appear. An attempt to match C comments by applying the + pattern /\*.*\*/ @@ -8022,11 +8286,11 @@ REPETITION /\*.*?\*/ - does the right thing with the C comments. The meaning of the various - quantifiers is not otherwise changed, just the preferred number of - matches. Do not confuse this use of question mark with its use as a - quantifier in its own right. Because it has two uses, it can sometimes - appear doubled, as in + does the right thing with C comments. The meaning of the various quan- + tifiers is not otherwise changed, just the preferred number of matches. + Do not confuse this use of question mark with its use as a quantifier + in its own right. Because it has two uses, it can sometimes appear + doubled, as in \d??\d @@ -8043,39 +8307,39 @@ REPETITION quired for the compiled pattern, in proportion to the size of the mini- mum or maximum. - If a pattern starts with .* or .{0,} and the PCRE2_DOTALL option - (equivalent to Perl's /s) is set, thus allowing the dot to match new- - lines, the pattern is implicitly anchored, because whatever follows - will be tried against every character position in the subject string, - so there is no point in retrying the overall match at any position af- - ter the first. PCRE2 normally treats such a pattern as though it were + If a pattern starts with .* or .{0,} and the PCRE2_DOTALL option + (equivalent to Perl's /s) is set, thus allowing the dot to match new- + lines, the pattern is implicitly anchored, because whatever follows + will be tried against every character position in the subject string, + so there is no point in retrying the overall match at any position af- + ter the first. PCRE2 normally treats such a pattern as though it were preceded by \A. - In cases where it is known that the subject string contains no new- - lines, it is worth setting PCRE2_DOTALL in order to obtain this opti- + In cases where it is known that the subject string contains no new- + lines, it is worth setting PCRE2_DOTALL in order to obtain this opti- mization, or alternatively, using ^ to indicate anchoring explicitly. - However, there are some cases where the optimization cannot be used. - When .* is inside capturing parentheses that are the subject of a - backreference elsewhere in the pattern, a match at the start may fail + However, there are some cases where the optimization cannot be used. + When .* is inside capturing parentheses that are the subject of a + backreference elsewhere in the pattern, a match at the start may fail where a later one succeeds. Consider, for example: (.*)abc\1 - If the subject is "xyz123abc123" the match point is the fourth charac- + If the subject is "xyz123abc123" the match point is the fourth charac- ter. For this reason, such a pattern is not implicitly anchored. - Another case where implicit anchoring is not applied is when the lead- - ing .* is inside an atomic group. Once again, a match at the start may + Another case where implicit anchoring is not applied is when the lead- + ing .* is inside an atomic group. Once again, a match at the start may fail where a later one succeeds. Consider this pattern: (?>.*?a)b - It matches "ab" in the subject "aab". The use of the backtracking con- - trol verbs (*PRUNE) and (*SKIP) also disable this optimization, and + It matches "ab" in the subject "aab". The use of the backtracking con- + trol verbs (*PRUNE) and (*SKIP) also disable this optimization, and there is an option, PCRE2_NO_DOTSTAR_ANCHOR, to do so explicitly. - When a capture group is repeated, the value captured is the substring + When a capture group is repeated, the value captured is the substring that matched the final iteration. For example, after (tweedle[dume]{3}\s*)+ @@ -8106,9 +8370,9 @@ ATOMIC GROUPING AND POSSESSIVE QUANTIFIERS 123456bar After matching all 6 digits and then failing to match "foo", the normal - action of the matcher is to try again with only 5 digits matching the - \d+ item, and then with 4, and so on, before ultimately failing. - "Atomic grouping" (a term taken from Jeffrey Friedl's book) provides + action of the matcher is to try again with only 5 digits matching the + \d+ item, and then with 4, and so on, before ultimately failing. + "Atomic grouping" (a term taken from Jeffrey Friedl's book) provides the means for specifying that once a group has matched, it is not to be re-evaluated in this way. @@ -8125,7 +8389,7 @@ ATOMIC GROUPING AND POSSESSIVE QUANTIFIERS This kind of parenthesized group "locks up" the part of the pattern it contains once it has matched, and a failure further into the pattern is - prevented from backtracking into it. Backtracking past it to previous + prevented from backtracking into it. Backtracking past it to previous items, however, works as normal. An alternative description is that a group of this type matches exactly @@ -8133,16 +8397,16 @@ ATOMIC GROUPING AND POSSESSIVE QUANTIFIERS match, if anchored at the current point in the subject string. Atomic groups are not capture groups. Simple cases such as the above - example can be thought of as a maximizing repeat that must swallow ev- - erything it can. So, while both \d+ and \d+? are prepared to adjust + example can be thought of as a maximizing repeat that must swallow + everything it can. So, while both \d+ and \d+? are prepared to adjust the number of digits they match in order to make the rest of the pat- tern match, (?>\d+) can only match an entire sequence of digits. Atomic groups in general can of course contain arbitrarily complicated expressions, and can be nested. However, when the contents of an atomic - group is just a single repeated item, as in the example above, a sim- - pler notation, called a "possessive quantifier" can be used. This con- - sists of an additional + character following a quantifier. Using this + group is just a single repeated item, as in the example above, a sim- + pler notation, called a "possessive quantifier" can be used. This con- + sists of an additional + character following a quantifier. Using this notation, the previous example can be rewritten as \d++foo @@ -8162,36 +8426,36 @@ ATOMIC GROUPING AND POSSESSIVE QUANTIFIERS The possessive quantifier syntax is an extension to the Perl 5.8 syn- tax. Jeffrey Friedl originated the idea (and the name) in the first edition of his book. Mike McCloskey liked it, so implemented it when he - built Sun's Java package, and PCRE1 copied it from there. It found its + built Sun's Java package, and PCRE1 copied it from there. It found its way into Perl at release 5.10. - PCRE2 has an optimization that automatically "possessifies" certain - simple pattern constructs. For example, the sequence A+B is treated as - A++B because there is no point in backtracking into a sequence of A's + PCRE2 has an optimization that automatically "possessifies" certain + simple pattern constructs. For example, the sequence A+B is treated as + A++B because there is no point in backtracking into a sequence of A's when B must follow. This feature can be disabled by the PCRE2_NO_AUTO- POSSESS option, or starting the pattern with (*NO_AUTO_POSSESS). When a pattern contains an unlimited repeat inside a group that can it- - self be repeated an unlimited number of times, the use of an atomic - group is the only way to avoid some failing matches taking a very long + self be repeated an unlimited number of times, the use of an atomic + group is the only way to avoid some failing matches taking a very long time indeed. The pattern (\D+|<\d+>)*[!?] - matches an unlimited number of substrings that either consist of non- - digits, or digits enclosed in <>, followed by either ! or ?. When it + matches an unlimited number of substrings that either consist of non- + digits, or digits enclosed in <>, followed by either ! or ?. When it matches, it runs quickly. However, if it is applied to aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa - it takes a long time before reporting failure. This is because the - string can be divided between the internal \D+ repeat and the external - * repeat in a large number of ways, and all have to be tried. (The ex- + it takes a long time before reporting failure. This is because the + string can be divided between the internal \D+ repeat and the external + * repeat in a large number of ways, and all have to be tried. (The ex- ample uses [!?] rather than a single character at the end, because both PCRE2 and Perl have an optimization that allows for fast failure when a - single character is used. They remember the last single character that - is required for a match, and fail early if it is not present in the - string.) If the pattern is changed so that it uses an atomic group, + single character is used. They remember the last single character that + is required for a match, and fail early if it is not present in the + string.) If the pattern is changed so that it uses an atomic group, like this: ((?>\D+)|<\d+>)*[!?] @@ -8206,17 +8470,17 @@ BACKREFERENCES earlier (that is, to its left) in the pattern, provided there have been that many previous capture groups. - However, if the decimal number following the backslash is less than 8, - it is always taken as a backreference, and causes an error only if - there are not that many capture groups in the entire pattern. In other + However, if the decimal number following the backslash is less than 8, + it is always taken as a backreference, and causes an error only if + there are not that many capture groups in the entire pattern. In other words, the group that is referenced need not be to the left of the ref- erence for numbers less than 8. A "forward backreference" of this type can make sense when a repetition is involved and the group to the right has participated in an earlier iteration. - It is not possible to have a numerical "forward backreference" to a - group whose number is 8 or more using this syntax because a sequence - such as \50 is interpreted as a character defined in octal. See the + It is not possible to have a numerical "forward backreference" to a + group whose number is 8 or more using this syntax because a sequence + such as \50 is interpreted as a character defined in octal. See the subsection entitled "Non-printing characters" above for further details of the handling of digits following a backslash. Other forms of back- referencing do not suffer from this restriction. In particular, there @@ -8231,23 +8495,30 @@ BACKREFERENCES (ring), \g1 (ring), \g{1} - An unsigned number specifies an absolute reference without the ambigu- + An unsigned number specifies an absolute reference without the ambigu- ity that is present in the older syntax. It is also useful when literal digits follow the reference. A signed number is a relative reference. Consider this example: (abc(def)ghi)\g{-1} - The sequence \g{-1} is a reference to the most recently started capture - group before \g, that is, is it equivalent to \2 in this example. Simi- - larly, \g{-2} would be equivalent to \1. The use of relative references - can be helpful in long patterns, and also in patterns that are created - by joining together fragments that contain references within them- - selves. + The sequence \g{-1} is a reference to the capture group whose number is + one less than the number of the next group to be started, so in this + example (where the next group would be numbered 3) is it equivalent to + \2, and \g{-2} would be equivalent to \1. Note that if this construct + is inside a capture group, that group is included in the count, so in + this example \g{-2} also refers to group 1: - The sequence \g{+1} is a reference to the next capture group. This kind - of forward reference can be useful in patterns that repeat. Perl does - not support the use of + in this way. + (A)(\g{-2}B) + + The use of relative references can be helpful in long patterns, and + also in patterns that are created by joining together fragments that + contain references within themselves. + + The sequence \g{+1} is a reference to the next capture group that is + started after this item, and \g{+2} refers to the one after that, and + so on. This kind of forward reference can be useful in patterns that + repeat. Perl does not support the use of + in this way. A backreference matches whatever actually most recently matched the capture group in the current subject string, rather than anything at @@ -8256,21 +8527,22 @@ BACKREFERENCES (sens|respons)e and \1ibility - matches "sense and sensibility" and "response and responsibility", but - not "sense and responsibility". If caseful matching is in force at the - time of the backreference, the case of letters is relevant. For exam- + matches "sense and sensibility" and "response and responsibility", but + not "sense and responsibility". If caseful matching is in force at the + time of the backreference, the case of letters is relevant. For exam- ple, ((?i)rah)\s+\1 - matches "rah rah" and "RAH RAH", but not "RAH rah", even though the + matches "rah rah" and "RAH RAH", but not "RAH rah", even though the original capture group is matched caselessly. - There are several different ways of writing backreferences to named - capture groups. The .NET syntax \k{name} and the Perl syntax \k - or \k'name' are supported, as is the Python syntax (?P=name). Perl - 5.10's unified backreference syntax, in which \g can be used for both - numeric and named references, is also supported. We could rewrite the + There are several different ways of writing backreferences to named + capture groups. The .NET syntax is \k{name}, the Python syntax is + (?=name), and the original Perl syntax is \k or \k'name'. All of + these are now supported by both Perl and PCRE2. Perl 5.10's unified + backreference syntax, in which \g can be used for both numeric and + named references, is also supported by PCRE2. We could rewrite the above example in any of the following ways: (? (?i)rah)\s+\k @@ -8291,27 +8563,27 @@ BACKREFERENCES the PCRE2_MATCH_UNSET_BACKREF option is set at compile time, a backref- erence to an unset value matches an empty string. - Because there may be many capture groups in a pattern, all digits fol- - lowing a backslash are taken as part of a potential backreference num- - ber. If the pattern continues with a digit character, some delimiter - must be used to terminate the backreference. If the PCRE2_EXTENDED or - PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE option is set, this can be white space. Otherwise, + Because there may be many capture groups in a pattern, all digits fol- + lowing a backslash are taken as part of a potential backreference num- + ber. If the pattern continues with a digit character, some delimiter + must be used to terminate the backreference. If the PCRE2_EXTENDED or + PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE option is set, this can be white space. Otherwise, the \g{} syntax or an empty comment (see "Comments" below) can be used. Recursive backreferences - A backreference that occurs inside the group to which it refers fails - when the group is first used, so, for example, (a\1) never matches. - However, such references can be useful inside repeated groups. For ex- + A backreference that occurs inside the group to which it refers fails + when the group is first used, so, for example, (a\1) never matches. + However, such references can be useful inside repeated groups. For ex- ample, the pattern (a|b\1)+ matches any number of "a"s and also "aba", "ababbaa" etc. At each iter- ation of the group, the backreference matches the character string cor- - responding to the previous iteration. In order for this to work, the - pattern must be such that the first iteration does not need to match - the backreference. This can be done using alternation, as in the exam- + responding to the previous iteration. In order for this to work, the + pattern must be such that the first iteration does not need to match + the backreference. This can be done using alternation, as in the exam- ple above, or by a quantifier with a minimum of zero. For versions of PCRE2 less than 10.25, backreferences of this type used @@ -8324,14 +8596,14 @@ ASSERTIONS An assertion is a test on the characters following or preceding the current matching point that does not consume any characters. The simple - assertions coded as \b, \B, \A, \G, \Z, \z, ^ and $ are described + assertions coded as \b, \B, \A, \G, \Z, \z, ^ and $ are described above. - More complicated assertions are coded as parenthesized groups. There - are two kinds: those that look ahead of the current position in the - subject string, and those that look behind it, and in each case an as- - sertion may be positive (must match for the assertion to be true) or - negative (must not match for the assertion to be true). An assertion + More complicated assertions are coded as parenthesized groups. There + are two kinds: those that look ahead of the current position in the + subject string, and those that look behind it, and in each case an as- + sertion may be positive (must match for the assertion to be true) or + negative (must not match for the assertion to be true). An assertion group is matched in the normal way, and if it is true, matching contin- ues after it, but with the matching position in the subject string re- set to what it was before the assertion was processed. @@ -8343,20 +8615,20 @@ ASSERTIONS scribed in the section entitled "Non-atomic assertions" below, but they are not Perl-compatible. - A lookaround assertion may appear as the condition in a conditional - group (see below). In this case, the result of matching the assertion + A lookaround assertion may appear as the condition in a conditional + group (see below). In this case, the result of matching the assertion determines which branch of the condition is followed. - Assertion groups are not capture groups. If an assertion contains cap- - ture groups within it, these are counted for the purposes of numbering - the capture groups in the whole pattern. Within each branch of an as- - sertion, locally captured substrings may be referenced in the usual - way. For example, a sequence such as (.)\g{-1} can be used to check + Assertion groups are not capture groups. If an assertion contains cap- + ture groups within it, these are counted for the purposes of numbering + the capture groups in the whole pattern. Within each branch of an as- + sertion, locally captured substrings may be referenced in the usual + way. For example, a sequence such as (.)\g{-1} can be used to check that two adjacent characters are the same. - When a branch within an assertion fails to match, any substrings that - were captured are discarded (as happens with any pattern branch that - fails to match). A negative assertion is true only when all its + When a branch within an assertion fails to match, any substrings that + were captured are discarded (as happens with any pattern branch that + fails to match). A negative assertion is true only when all its branches fail to match; this means that no captured substrings are ever retained after a successful negative assertion. When an assertion con- tains a matching branch, what happens depends on the type of assertion. @@ -8385,7 +8657,7 @@ ASSERTIONS Traditionally, symbolic sequences such as (?= and (?<= have been used to specify lookaround assertions. Perl 5.28 introduced some experimen- tal alphabetic alternatives which might be easier to remember. They all - start with (* instead of (? and must be written using lower case let- + start with (* instead of (? and must be written using lower case let- ters. PCRE2 supports the following synonyms: (*positive_lookahead: or (*pla: is the same as (?= @@ -8393,8 +8665,8 @@ ASSERTIONS (*positive_lookbehind: or (*plb: is the same as (?<= (*negative_lookbehind: or (*nlb: is the same as (?...)) @@ -8655,11 +8920,11 @@ SCRIPT RUNS Support for script runs is not available if PCRE2 is compiled without Unicode support. A compile-time error is given if any of the above con- - structs is encountered. Script runs are not supported by the alternate - matching function, pcre2_dfa_match() because they use the same mecha- + structs is encountered. Script runs are not supported by the alternate + matching function, pcre2_dfa_match() because they use the same mecha- nism as capturing parentheses. - Warning: The (*ACCEPT) control verb (see below) should not be used + Warning: The (*ACCEPT) control verb (see below) should not be used within a script run group, because it causes an immediate exit from the group, bypassing the script run checking. @@ -8679,8 +8944,8 @@ CONDITIONAL GROUPS an empty string (it always matches). If there are more than two alter- natives in the group, a compile-time error occurs. Each of the two al- ternatives may itself contain nested groups of any form, including con- - ditional groups; the restriction to two alternatives applies only at - the level of the condition itself. This pattern fragment is an example + ditional groups; the restriction to two alternatives applies only at + the level of the condition itself. This pattern fragment is an example where the alternatives are complex: (?(1) (A|B|C) | (D | (?(2)E|F) | E) ) @@ -8696,14 +8961,15 @@ CONDITIONAL GROUPS the condition is true if a capture group of that number has previously matched. If there is more than one capture group with the same number (see the earlier section about duplicate group numbers), the condition - is true if any of them have matched. An alternative notation is to pre- - cede the digits with a plus or minus sign. In this case, the group num- - ber is relative rather than absolute. The most recently opened capture - group can be referenced by (?(-1), the next most recent by (?(-2), and - so on. Inside loops it can also make sense to refer to subsequent - groups. The next capture group can be referenced as (?(+1), and so on. - (The value zero in any of these forms is not used; it provokes a com- - pile-time error.) + is true if any of them have matched. An alternative notation, which is + a PCRE2 extension, not supported by Perl, is to precede the digits with + a plus or minus sign. In this case, the group number is relative rather + than absolute. The most recently opened capture group (which could be + enclosing this condition) can be referenced by (?(-1), the next most + recent by (?(-2), and so on. Inside loops it can also make sense to re- + fer to subsequent groups. The next capture group to be opened can be + referenced as (?(+1), and so on. The value zero in any of these forms + is not used; it provokes a compile-time error. Consider the following pattern, which contains non-significant white space to make it more readable (assume the PCRE2_EXTENDED option) and @@ -8713,11 +8979,11 @@ CONDITIONAL GROUPS The first part matches an optional opening parenthesis, and if that character is present, sets it as the first captured substring. The sec- - ond part matches one or more characters that are not parentheses. The - third part is a conditional group that tests whether or not the first - capture group matched. If it did, that is, if subject started with an - opening parenthesis, the condition is true, and so the yes-pattern is - executed and a closing parenthesis is required. Otherwise, since no- + ond part matches one or more characters that are not parentheses. The + third part is a conditional group that tests whether or not the first + capture group matched. If it did, that is, if subject started with an + opening parenthesis, the condition is true, and so the yes-pattern is + executed and a closing parenthesis is required. Otherwise, since no- pattern is not present, the conditional group matches nothing. In other words, this pattern matches a sequence of non-parentheses, optionally enclosed in parentheses. @@ -8776,8 +9042,8 @@ CONDITIONAL GROUPS that name (which must exist within the pattern). This condition does not check the entire recursion stack. It tests only - the current level. If the name used in a condition of this kind is a - duplicate, the test is applied to all groups of the same name, and is + the current level. If the name used in a condition of this kind is a + duplicate, the test is applied to all groups of the same name, and is true if any one of them is the most recent recursion. At "top level", all these recursion test conditions are false. @@ -8787,29 +9053,29 @@ CONDITIONAL GROUPS If the condition is the string (DEFINE), the condition is always false, even if there is a group with the name DEFINE. In this case, there may be only one alternative in the rest of the conditional group. It is al- - ways skipped if control reaches this point in the pattern; the idea of - DEFINE is that it can be used to define subroutines that can be refer- - enced from elsewhere. (The use of subroutines is described below.) For - example, a pattern to match an IPv4 address such as "192.168.23.245" + ways skipped if control reaches this point in the pattern; the idea of + DEFINE is that it can be used to define subroutines that can be refer- + enced from elsewhere. (The use of subroutines is described below.) For + example, a pattern to match an IPv4 address such as "192.168.23.245" could be written like this (ignore white space and line breaks): (?(DEFINE) (? 2[0-4]\d | 25[0-5] | 1\d\d | [1-9]?\d) ) \b (?&byte) (\.(?&byte)){3} \b - The first part of the pattern is a DEFINE group inside which another - group named "byte" is defined. This matches an individual component of - an IPv4 address (a number less than 256). When matching takes place, - this part of the pattern is skipped because DEFINE acts like a false - condition. The rest of the pattern uses references to the named group - to match the four dot-separated components of an IPv4 address, insist- + The first part of the pattern is a DEFINE group inside which another + group named "byte" is defined. This matches an individual component of + an IPv4 address (a number less than 256). When matching takes place, + this part of the pattern is skipped because DEFINE acts like a false + condition. The rest of the pattern uses references to the named group + to match the four dot-separated components of an IPv4 address, insist- ing on a word boundary at each end. Checking the PCRE2 version - Programs that link with a PCRE2 library can check the version by call- - ing pcre2_config() with appropriate arguments. Users of applications - that do not have access to the underlying code cannot do this. A spe- - cial "condition" called VERSION exists to allow such users to discover + Programs that link with a PCRE2 library can check the version by call- + ing pcre2_config() with appropriate arguments. Users of applications + that do not have access to the underlying code cannot do this. A spe- + cial "condition" called VERSION exists to allow such users to discover which version of PCRE2 they are dealing with by using this condition to match a string such as "yesno". VERSION must be followed either by "=" or ">=" and a version number. For example: @@ -8825,7 +9091,7 @@ CONDITIONAL GROUPS If the condition is not in any of the above formats, it must be a parenthesized assertion. This may be a positive or negative lookahead or lookbehind assertion. However, it must be a traditional atomic as- - sertion, not one of the PCRE2-specific non-atomic assertions. + sertion, not one of the non-atomic assertions. Consider this pattern, again containing non-significant white space, and with the two alternatives on the second line: @@ -8842,10 +9108,10 @@ CONDITIONAL GROUPS letters and dd are digits. When an assertion that is a condition contains capture groups, any cap- - turing that occurs in a matching branch is retained afterwards, for - both positive and negative assertions, because matching always contin- - ues after the assertion, whether it succeeds or fails. (Compare non- - conditional assertions, for which captures are retained only for posi- + turing that occurs in a matching branch is retained afterwards, for + both positive and negative assertions, because matching always contin- + ues after the assertion, whether it succeeds or fails. (Compare non- + conditional assertions, for which captures are retained only for posi- tive assertions that succeed.) @@ -8863,10 +9129,10 @@ COMMENTS character also introduces a comment, which in this case continues to immediately after the next newline character or character sequence in the pattern. Which characters are interpreted as newlines is controlled - by an option passed to the compiling function or by a special sequence + by an option passed to the compiling function or by a special sequence at the start of the pattern, as described in the section entitled "New- line conventions" above. Note that the end of this type of comment is a - literal newline sequence in the pattern; escape sequences that happen + literal newline sequence in the pattern; escape sequences that happen to represent a newline do not count. For example, consider this pattern when PCRE2_EXTENDED is set, and the default newline convention (a sin- gle linefeed character) is in force: @@ -8888,8 +9154,8 @@ RECURSIVE PATTERNS depth. For some time, Perl has provided a facility that allows regular expres- - sions to recurse (amongst other things). It does this by interpolating - Perl code in the expression at run time, and the code can refer to the + sions to recurse (amongst other things). It does this by interpolating + Perl code in the expression at run time, and the code can refer to the expression itself. A Perl pattern using code interpolation to solve the parentheses problem can be created like this: @@ -8898,16 +9164,16 @@ RECURSIVE PATTERNS The (?p{...}) item interpolates Perl code at run time, and in this case refers recursively to the pattern in which it appears. - Obviously, PCRE2 cannot support the interpolation of Perl code. In- - stead, it supports special syntax for recursion of the entire pattern, + Obviously, PCRE2 cannot support the interpolation of Perl code. In- + stead, it supports special syntax for recursion of the entire pattern, and also for individual capture group recursion. After its introduction in PCRE1 and Python, this kind of recursion was subsequently introduced into Perl at release 5.10. - A special item that consists of (? followed by a number greater than - zero and a closing parenthesis is a recursive subroutine call of the - capture group of the given number, provided that it occurs inside that - group. (If not, it is a non-recursive subroutine call, which is de- + A special item that consists of (? followed by a number greater than + zero and a closing parenthesis is a recursive subroutine call of the + capture group of the given number, provided that it occurs inside that + group. (If not, it is a non-recursive subroutine call, which is de- scribed in the next section.) The special item (?R) or (?0) is a recur- sive call of the entire regular expression. @@ -8919,20 +9185,20 @@ RECURSIVE PATTERNS First it matches an opening parenthesis. Then it matches any number of substrings which can either be a sequence of non-parentheses, or a re- cursive match of the pattern itself (that is, a correctly parenthesized - substring). Finally there is a closing parenthesis. Note the use of a - possessive quantifier to avoid backtracking into sequences of non- + substring). Finally there is a closing parenthesis. Note the use of a + possessive quantifier to avoid backtracking into sequences of non- parentheses. - If this were part of a larger pattern, you would not want to recurse + If this were part of a larger pattern, you would not want to recurse the entire pattern, so instead you could use this: ( \( ( [^()]++ | (?1) )* \) ) - We have put the pattern into parentheses, and caused the recursion to + We have put the pattern into parentheses, and caused the recursion to refer to them instead of the whole pattern. - In a larger pattern, keeping track of parenthesis numbers can be - tricky. This is made easier by the use of relative references. Instead + In a larger pattern, keeping track of parenthesis numbers can be + tricky. This is made easier by the use of relative references. Instead of (?1) in the pattern above you can write (?-2) to refer to the second most recently opened parentheses preceding the recursion. In other words, a negative number counts capturing parentheses leftwards from @@ -8945,8 +9211,8 @@ RECURSIVE PATTERNS (?|(a)|(b)) (c) (?-2) The first two capture groups (a) and (b) are both numbered 1, and group - (c) is number 2. When the reference (?-2) is encountered, the second - most recently opened parentheses has the number 1, but it is the first + (c) is number 2. When the reference (?-2) is encountered, the second + most recently opened parentheses has the number 1, but it is the first such group (the (a) group) to which the recursion refers. This would be the same if an absolute reference (?1) was used. In other words, rela- tive references are just a shorthand for computing a group number. @@ -8985,36 +9251,36 @@ RECURSIVE PATTERNS (ab(cd)ef) - the value for the inner capturing parentheses (numbered 2) is "ef", - which is the last value taken on at the top level. If a capture group - is not matched at the top level, its final captured value is unset, - even if it was (temporarily) set at a deeper level during the matching + the value for the inner capturing parentheses (numbered 2) is "ef", + which is the last value taken on at the top level. If a capture group + is not matched at the top level, its final captured value is unset, + even if it was (temporarily) set at a deeper level during the matching process. - Do not confuse the (?R) item with the condition (R), which tests for - recursion. Consider this pattern, which matches text in angle brack- - ets, allowing for arbitrary nesting. Only digits are allowed in nested - brackets (that is, when recursing), whereas any characters are permit- + Do not confuse the (?R) item with the condition (R), which tests for + recursion. Consider this pattern, which matches text in angle brack- + ets, allowing for arbitrary nesting. Only digits are allowed in nested + brackets (that is, when recursing), whereas any characters are permit- ted at the outer level. < (?: (?(R) \d++ | [^<>]*+) | (?R)) * > - In this pattern, (?(R) is the start of a conditional group, with two - different alternatives for the recursive and non-recursive cases. The + In this pattern, (?(R) is the start of a conditional group, with two + different alternatives for the recursive and non-recursive cases. The (?R) item is the actual recursive call. Differences in recursion processing between PCRE2 and Perl Some former differences between PCRE2 and Perl no longer exist. - Before release 10.30, recursion processing in PCRE2 differed from Perl - in that a recursive subroutine call was always treated as an atomic - group. That is, once it had matched some of the subject string, it was - never re-entered, even if it contained untried alternatives and there - was a subsequent matching failure. (Historical note: PCRE implemented + Before release 10.30, recursion processing in PCRE2 differed from Perl + in that a recursive subroutine call was always treated as an atomic + group. That is, once it had matched some of the subject string, it was + never re-entered, even if it contained untried alternatives and there + was a subsequent matching failure. (Historical note: PCRE implemented recursion before Perl did.) - Starting with release 10.30, recursive subroutine calls are no longer + Starting with release 10.30, recursive subroutine calls are no longer treated as atomic. That is, they can be re-entered to try unused alter- natives if there is a matching failure later in the pattern. This is now compatible with the way Perl works. If you want a subroutine call @@ -9025,10 +9291,10 @@ RECURSIVE PATTERNS ^((.)(?1)\2|.?)$ - The second branch in the group matches a single central character in - the palindrome when there are an odd number of characters, or nothing - when there are an even number of characters, but in order to work it - has to be able to try the second case when the rest of the pattern + The second branch in the group matches a single central character in + the palindrome when there are an odd number of characters, or nothing + when there are an even number of characters, but in order to work it + has to be able to try the second case when the rest of the pattern match fails. If you want to match typical palindromic phrases, the pat- tern has to ignore all non-word characters, which can be done like this: @@ -9039,12 +9305,12 @@ RECURSIVE PATTERNS such as "A man, a plan, a canal: Panama!". Note the use of the posses- sive quantifier *+ to avoid backtracking into sequences of non-word characters. Without this, PCRE2 takes a great deal longer (ten times or - more) to match typical phrases, and Perl takes so long that you think + more) to match typical phrases, and Perl takes so long that you think it has gone into a loop. - Another way in which PCRE2 and Perl used to differ in their recursion - processing is in the handling of captured values. Formerly in Perl, - when a group was called recursively or as a subroutine (see the next + Another way in which PCRE2 and Perl used to differ in their recursion + processing is in the handling of captured values. Formerly in Perl, + when a group was called recursively or as a subroutine (see the next section), it had no access to any values that were captured outside the recursion, whereas in PCRE2 these values can be referenced. Consider this pattern: @@ -9064,9 +9330,9 @@ GROUPS AS SUBROUTINES is used outside the parentheses to which it refers, it operates a bit like a subroutine in a programming language. More accurately, PCRE2 treats the referenced group as an independent subpattern which it tries - to match at the current matching position. The called group may be de- - fined before or after the reference. A numbered reference can be abso- - lute or relative, as in these examples: + to match at the current matching position. The called group may be de- + fined before or after the reference. A numbered reference can be ab- + solute or relative, as in these examples: (...(absolute)...)...(?2)... (...(relative)...)...(?-1)... @@ -9076,30 +9342,30 @@ GROUPS AS SUBROUTINES (sens|respons)e and \1ibility - matches "sense and sensibility" and "response and responsibility", but + matches "sense and sensibility" and "response and responsibility", but not "sense and responsibility". If instead the pattern (sens|respons)e and (?1)ibility - is used, it does match "sense and responsibility" as well as the other - two strings. Another example is given in the discussion of DEFINE + is used, it does match "sense and responsibility" as well as the other + two strings. Another example is given in the discussion of DEFINE above. - Like recursions, subroutine calls used to be treated as atomic, but - this changed at PCRE2 release 10.30, so backtracking into subroutine - calls can now occur. However, any capturing parentheses that are set + Like recursions, subroutine calls used to be treated as atomic, but + this changed at PCRE2 release 10.30, so backtracking into subroutine + calls can now occur. However, any capturing parentheses that are set during the subroutine call revert to their previous values afterwards. - Processing options such as case-independence are fixed when a group is - defined, so if it is used as a subroutine, such options cannot be + Processing options such as case-independence are fixed when a group is + defined, so if it is used as a subroutine, such options cannot be changed for different calls. For example, consider this pattern: (abc)(?i:(?-1)) - It matches "abcabc". It does not match "abcABC" because the change of + It matches "abcabc". It does not match "abcABC" because the change of processing option does not affect the called group. - The behaviour of backtracking control verbs in groups when called as + The behaviour of backtracking control verbs in groups when called as subroutines is described in the section entitled "Backtracking verbs in subroutines" below. @@ -9128,16 +9394,16 @@ ONIGURUMA SUBROUTINE SYNTAX CALLOUTS Perl has a feature whereby using the sequence (?{...}) causes arbitrary - Perl code to be obeyed in the middle of matching a regular expression. + Perl code to be obeyed in the middle of matching a regular expression. This makes it possible, amongst other things, to extract different sub- strings that match the same pair of parentheses when there is a repeti- tion. - PCRE2 provides a similar feature, but of course it cannot obey arbi- - trary Perl code. The feature is called "callout". The caller of PCRE2 - provides an external function by putting its entry point in a match - context using the function pcre2_set_callout(), and then passing that - context to pcre2_match() or pcre2_dfa_match(). If no match context is + PCRE2 provides a similar feature, but of course it cannot obey arbi- + trary Perl code. The feature is called "callout". The caller of PCRE2 + provides an external function by putting its entry point in a match + context using the function pcre2_set_callout(), and then passing that + context to pcre2_match() or pcre2_dfa_match(). If no match context is passed, or if the callout entry point is set to NULL, callouts are dis- abled. @@ -9151,8 +9417,8 @@ CALLOUTS in a similar way to Perl. During matching, when PCRE2 reaches a callout point, the external func- - tion is called. It is provided with the number or string argument of - the callout, the position in the pattern, and one item of data that is + tion is called. It is provided with the number or string argument of + the callout, the position in the pattern, and one item of data that is also set in the match block. The callout function may cause matching to proceed, to backtrack, or to fail. @@ -9175,7 +9441,7 @@ CALLOUTS callouts are automatically installed before each item in the pattern. They are all numbered 255. If there is a conditional group in the pat- tern whose condition is an assertion, an additional callout is inserted - just before the condition. An explicit callout may also be set at this + just before the condition. An explicit callout may also be set at this position, as in this example: (?(?C9)(?=a)abc|def) @@ -9188,35 +9454,35 @@ CALLOUTS A delimited string may be used instead of a number as a callout argu- ment. The starting delimiter must be one of ` ' " ^ % # $ { and the ending delimiter is the same as the start, except for {, where the end- - ing delimiter is }. If the ending delimiter is needed within the + ing delimiter is }. If the ending delimiter is needed within the string, it must be doubled. For example: (?C'ab ''c'' d')xyz(?C{any text})pqr - The doubling is removed before the string is passed to the callout + The doubling is removed before the string is passed to the callout function. BACKTRACKING CONTROL - There are a number of special "Backtracking Control Verbs" (to use - Perl's terminology) that modify the behaviour of backtracking during - matching. They are generally of the form (*VERB) or (*VERB:NAME). Some + There are a number of special "Backtracking Control Verbs" (to use + Perl's terminology) that modify the behaviour of backtracking during + matching. They are generally of the form (*VERB) or (*VERB:NAME). Some verbs take either form, and may behave differently depending on whether or not a name argument is present. The names are not required to be unique within the pattern. By default, for compatibility with Perl, a name is any sequence of characters that does not include a closing parenthesis. The name is not - processed in any way, and it is not possible to include a closing - parenthesis in the name. This can be changed by setting the - PCRE2_ALT_VERBNAMES option, but the result is no longer Perl-compati- + processed in any way, and it is not possible to include a closing + parenthesis in the name. This can be changed by setting the + PCRE2_ALT_VERBNAMES option, but the result is no longer Perl-compati- ble. - When PCRE2_ALT_VERBNAMES is set, backslash processing is applied to - verb names and only an unescaped closing parenthesis terminates the - name. However, the only backslash items that are permitted are \Q, \E, - and sequences such as \x{100} that define character code points. Char- + When PCRE2_ALT_VERBNAMES is set, backslash processing is applied to + verb names and only an unescaped closing parenthesis terminates the + name. However, the only backslash items that are permitted are \Q, \E, + and sequences such as \x{100} that define character code points. Char- acter type escapes such as \d are faulted. A closing parenthesis can be included in a name either as \) or between @@ -9232,27 +9498,27 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL the colon were not there. Any number of these verbs may occur in a pat- tern. Except for (*ACCEPT), they may not be quantified. - Since these verbs are specifically related to backtracking, most of - them can be used only when the pattern is to be matched using the tra- + Since these verbs are specifically related to backtracking, most of + them can be used only when the pattern is to be matched using the tra- ditional matching function, because that uses a backtracking algorithm. With the exception of (*FAIL), which behaves like a failing negative assertion, the backtracking control verbs cause an error if encountered by the DFA matching function. - The behaviour of these verbs in repeated groups, assertions, and in - capture groups called as subroutines (whether or not recursively) is + The behaviour of these verbs in repeated groups, assertions, and in + capture groups called as subroutines (whether or not recursively) is documented below. Optimizations that affect backtracking verbs PCRE2 contains some optimizations that are used to speed up matching by running some checks at the start of each match attempt. For example, it - may know the minimum length of matching subject, or that a particular + may know the minimum length of matching subject, or that a particular character must be present. When one of these optimizations bypasses the running of a match, any included backtracking verbs will not, of course, be processed. You can suppress the start-of-match optimizations - by setting the PCRE2_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option when calling pcre2_com- - pile(), or by starting the pattern with (*NO_START_OPT). There is more + by setting the PCRE2_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option when calling pcre2_com- + pile(), or by starting the pattern with (*NO_START_OPT). There is more discussion of this option in the section entitled "Compiling a pattern" in the pcre2api documentation. @@ -9330,12 +9596,12 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL tion entitled "Other information about the match" in the pcre2api docu- mentation. This applies to all instances of (*MARK) and other verbs, including those inside assertions and atomic groups. However, there are - differences in those cases when (*MARK) is used in conjunction with + differences in those cases when (*MARK) is used in conjunction with (*SKIP) as described below. - The mark name that was last encountered on the matching path is passed - back. A verb without a NAME argument is ignored for this purpose. Here - is an example of pcre2test output, where the "mark" modifier requests + The mark name that was last encountered on the matching path is passed + back. A verb without a NAME argument is ignored for this purpose. Here + is an example of pcre2test output, where the "mark" modifier requests the retrieval and outputting of (*MARK) data: re> /X(*MARK:A)Y|X(*MARK:B)Z/mark @@ -9356,20 +9622,20 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL tered. This does not happen for negative assertions or failing positive assertions. - After a partial match or a failed match, the last encountered name in + After a partial match or a failed match, the last encountered name in the entire match process is returned. For example: re> /X(*MARK:A)Y|X(*MARK:B)Z/mark data> XP No match, mark = B - Note that in this unanchored example the mark is retained from the + Note that in this unanchored example the mark is retained from the match attempt that started at the letter "X" in the subject. Subsequent match attempts starting at "P" and then with an empty string do not get as far as the (*MARK) item, but nevertheless do not reset it. - If you are interested in (*MARK) values after failed matches, you - should probably set the PCRE2_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option (see above) to + If you are interested in (*MARK) values after failed matches, you + should probably set the PCRE2_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option (see above) to ensure that the match is always attempted. Verbs that act after backtracking @@ -9379,8 +9645,8 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL causing a backtrack to the verb, a failure is forced. That is, back- tracking cannot pass to the left of the verb. However, when one of these verbs appears inside an atomic group or in a lookaround assertion - that is true, its effect is confined to that group, because once the - group has been matched, there is never any backtracking into it. Back- + that is true, its effect is confined to that group, because once the + group has been matched, there is never any backtracking into it. Back- tracking from beyond an assertion or an atomic group ignores the entire group, and seeks a preceding backtracking point. @@ -9393,20 +9659,20 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL This verb causes the whole match to fail outright if there is a later matching failure that causes backtracking to reach it. Even if the pat- - tern is unanchored, no further attempts to find a match by advancing - the starting point take place. If (*COMMIT) is the only backtracking + tern is unanchored, no further attempts to find a match by advancing + the starting point take place. If (*COMMIT) is the only backtracking verb that is encountered, once it has been passed pcre2_match() is com- mitted to finding a match at the current starting point, or not at all. For example: a+(*COMMIT)b - This matches "xxaab" but not "aacaab". It can be thought of as a kind + This matches "xxaab" but not "aacaab". It can be thought of as a kind of dynamic anchor, or "I've started, so I must finish." - The behaviour of (*COMMIT:NAME) is not the same as (*MARK:NAME)(*COM- - MIT). It is like (*MARK:NAME) in that the name is remembered for pass- - ing back to the caller. However, (*SKIP:NAME) searches only for names + The behaviour of (*COMMIT:NAME) is not the same as (*MARK:NAME)(*COM- + MIT). It is like (*MARK:NAME) in that the name is remembered for pass- + ing back to the caller. However, (*SKIP:NAME) searches only for names that are set with (*MARK), ignoring those set by any of the other back- tracking verbs. @@ -9439,12 +9705,12 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL This verb causes the match to fail at the current starting position in the subject if there is a later matching failure that causes backtrack- - ing to reach it. If the pattern is unanchored, the normal "bumpalong" - advance to the next starting character then happens. Backtracking can - occur as usual to the left of (*PRUNE), before it is reached, or when - matching to the right of (*PRUNE), but if there is no match to the - right, backtracking cannot cross (*PRUNE). In simple cases, the use of - (*PRUNE) is just an alternative to an atomic group or possessive quan- + ing to reach it. If the pattern is unanchored, the normal "bumpalong" + advance to the next starting character then happens. Backtracking can + occur as usual to the left of (*PRUNE), before it is reached, or when + matching to the right of (*PRUNE), but if there is no match to the + right, backtracking cannot cross (*PRUNE). In simple cases, the use of + (*PRUNE) is just an alternative to an atomic group or possessive quan- tifier, but there are some uses of (*PRUNE) that cannot be expressed in any other way. In an anchored pattern (*PRUNE) has the same effect as (*COMMIT). @@ -9459,36 +9725,36 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL This verb, when given without a name, is like (*PRUNE), except that if the pattern is unanchored, the "bumpalong" advance is not to the next character, but to the position in the subject where (*SKIP) was encoun- - tered. (*SKIP) signifies that whatever text was matched leading up to - it cannot be part of a successful match if there is a later mismatch. + tered. (*SKIP) signifies that whatever text was matched leading up to + it cannot be part of a successful match if there is a later mismatch. Consider: a+(*SKIP)b - If the subject is "aaaac...", after the first match attempt fails - (starting at the first character in the string), the starting point + If the subject is "aaaac...", after the first match attempt fails + (starting at the first character in the string), the starting point skips on to start the next attempt at "c". Note that a possessive quan- tifier does not have the same effect as this example; although it would - suppress backtracking during the first match attempt, the second at- - tempt would start at the second character instead of skipping on to + suppress backtracking during the first match attempt, the second at- + tempt would start at the second character instead of skipping on to "c". - If (*SKIP) is used to specify a new starting position that is the same - as the starting position of the current match, or (by being inside a - lookbehind) earlier, the position specified by (*SKIP) is ignored, and + If (*SKIP) is used to specify a new starting position that is the same + as the starting position of the current match, or (by being inside a + lookbehind) earlier, the position specified by (*SKIP) is ignored, and instead the normal "bumpalong" occurs. (*SKIP:NAME) - When (*SKIP) has an associated name, its behaviour is modified. When - such a (*SKIP) is triggered, the previous path through the pattern is - searched for the most recent (*MARK) that has the same name. If one is - found, the "bumpalong" advance is to the subject position that corre- - sponds to that (*MARK) instead of to where (*SKIP) was encountered. If + When (*SKIP) has an associated name, its behaviour is modified. When + such a (*SKIP) is triggered, the previous path through the pattern is + searched for the most recent (*MARK) that has the same name. If one is + found, the "bumpalong" advance is to the subject position that corre- + sponds to that (*MARK) instead of to where (*SKIP) was encountered. If no (*MARK) with a matching name is found, the (*SKIP) is ignored. - The search for a (*MARK) name uses the normal backtracking mechanism, - which means that it does not see (*MARK) settings that are inside + The search for a (*MARK) name uses the normal backtracking mechanism, + which means that it does not see (*MARK) settings that are inside atomic groups or assertions, because they are never re-entered by back- tracking. Compare the following pcre2test examples: @@ -9504,35 +9770,35 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL In the first example, the (*MARK) setting is in an atomic group, so it is not seen when (*SKIP:X) triggers, causing the (*SKIP) to be ignored. - This allows the second branch of the pattern to be tried at the first - character position. In the second example, the (*MARK) setting is not - in an atomic group. This allows (*SKIP:X) to find the (*MARK) when it + This allows the second branch of the pattern to be tried at the first + character position. In the second example, the (*MARK) setting is not + in an atomic group. This allows (*SKIP:X) to find the (*MARK) when it backtracks, and this causes a new matching attempt to start at the sec- ond character. This time, the (*MARK) is never seen because "a" does not match "b", so the matcher immediately jumps to the second branch of the pattern. - Note that (*SKIP:NAME) searches only for names set by (*MARK:NAME). It + Note that (*SKIP:NAME) searches only for names set by (*MARK:NAME). It ignores names that are set by other backtracking verbs. (*THEN) or (*THEN:NAME) - This verb causes a skip to the next innermost alternative when back- - tracking reaches it. That is, it cancels any further backtracking - within the current alternative. Its name comes from the observation + This verb causes a skip to the next innermost alternative when back- + tracking reaches it. That is, it cancels any further backtracking + within the current alternative. Its name comes from the observation that it can be used for a pattern-based if-then-else block: ( COND1 (*THEN) FOO | COND2 (*THEN) BAR | COND3 (*THEN) BAZ ) ... - If the COND1 pattern matches, FOO is tried (and possibly further items - after the end of the group if FOO succeeds); on failure, the matcher - skips to the second alternative and tries COND2, without backtracking - into COND1. If that succeeds and BAR fails, COND3 is tried. If subse- - quently BAZ fails, there are no more alternatives, so there is a back- - track to whatever came before the entire group. If (*THEN) is not in- + If the COND1 pattern matches, FOO is tried (and possibly further items + after the end of the group if FOO succeeds); on failure, the matcher + skips to the second alternative and tries COND2, without backtracking + into COND1. If that succeeds and BAR fails, COND3 is tried. If subse- + quently BAZ fails, there are no more alternatives, so there is a back- + track to whatever came before the entire group. If (*THEN) is not in- side an alternation, it acts like (*PRUNE). - The behaviour of (*THEN:NAME) is not the same as (*MARK:NAME)(*THEN). + The behaviour of (*THEN:NAME) is not the same as (*MARK:NAME)(*THEN). It is like (*MARK:NAME) in that the name is remembered for passing back to the caller. However, (*SKIP:NAME) searches only for names set with (*MARK), ignoring those set by other backtracking verbs. @@ -9540,13 +9806,13 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL A group that does not contain a | character is just a part of the en- closing alternative; it is not a nested alternation with only one al- ternative. The effect of (*THEN) extends beyond such a group to the en- - closing alternative. Consider this pattern, where A, B, etc. are com- - plex pattern fragments that do not contain any | characters at this + closing alternative. Consider this pattern, where A, B, etc. are com- + plex pattern fragments that do not contain any | characters at this level: A (B(*THEN)C) | D - If A and B are matched, but there is a failure in C, matching does not + If A and B are matched, but there is a failure in C, matching does not backtrack into A; instead it moves to the next alternative, that is, D. However, if the group containing (*THEN) is given an alternative, it behaves differently: @@ -9554,13 +9820,13 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL A (B(*THEN)C | (*FAIL)) | D The effect of (*THEN) is now confined to the inner group. After a fail- - ure in C, matching moves to (*FAIL), which causes the whole group to - fail because there are no more alternatives to try. In this case, + ure in C, matching moves to (*FAIL), which causes the whole group to + fail because there are no more alternatives to try. In this case, matching does backtrack into A. - Note that a conditional group is not considered as having two alterna- - tives, because only one is ever used. In other words, the | character - in a conditional group has a different meaning. Ignoring white space, + Note that a conditional group is not considered as having two alterna- + tives, because only one is ever used. In other words, the | character + in a conditional group has a different meaning. Ignoring white space, consider: ^.*? (?(?=a) a | b(*THEN)c ) @@ -9576,9 +9842,9 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL The verbs just described provide four different "strengths" of control when subsequent matching fails. (*THEN) is the weakest, carrying on the - match at the next alternative. (*PRUNE) comes next, failing the match - at the current starting position, but allowing an advance to the next - character (for an unanchored pattern). (*SKIP) is similar, except that + match at the next alternative. (*PRUNE) comes next, failing the match + at the current starting position, but allowing an advance to the next + character (for an unanchored pattern). (*SKIP) is similar, except that the advance may be more than one character. (*COMMIT) is the strongest, causing the entire match to fail. @@ -9592,9 +9858,9 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL If A matches but B fails, the backtrack to (*COMMIT) causes the entire match to fail. However, if A and B match, but C fails, the backtrack to - (*THEN) causes the next alternative (ABD) to be tried. This behaviour - is consistent, but is not always the same as Perl's. It means that if - two or more backtracking verbs appear in succession, all the the last + (*THEN) causes the next alternative (ABD) to be tried. This behaviour + is consistent, but is not always the same as Perl's. It means that if + two or more backtracking verbs appear in succession, all the the last of them has no effect. Consider this example: ...(*COMMIT)(*PRUNE)... @@ -9610,20 +9876,20 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL /(a(*COMMIT)b)+ac/ - If the subject is "abac", Perl matches unless its optimizations are - disabled, but PCRE2 always fails because the (*COMMIT) in the second + If the subject is "abac", Perl matches unless its optimizations are + disabled, but PCRE2 always fails because the (*COMMIT) in the second repeat of the group acts. Backtracking verbs in assertions - (*FAIL) in any assertion has its normal effect: it forces an immediate - backtrack. The behaviour of the other backtracking verbs depends on - whether or not the assertion is standalone or acting as the condition + (*FAIL) in any assertion has its normal effect: it forces an immediate + backtrack. The behaviour of the other backtracking verbs depends on + whether or not the assertion is standalone or acting as the condition in a conditional group. - (*ACCEPT) in a standalone positive assertion causes the assertion to - succeed without any further processing; captured strings and a mark - name (if set) are retained. In a standalone negative assertion, (*AC- + (*ACCEPT) in a standalone positive assertion causes the assertion to + succeed without any further processing; captured strings and a mark + name (if set) are retained. In a standalone negative assertion, (*AC- CEPT) causes the assertion to fail without any further processing; cap- tured substrings and any mark name are discarded. @@ -9632,26 +9898,26 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL substrings are retained in both cases. The remaining verbs act only when a later failure causes a backtrack to - reach them. This means that, for the Perl-compatible assertions, their + reach them. This means that, for the Perl-compatible assertions, their effect is confined to the assertion, because Perl lookaround assertions are atomic. A backtrack that occurs after such an assertion is complete - does not jump back into the assertion. Note in particular that a - (*MARK) name that is set in an assertion is not "seen" by an instance + does not jump back into the assertion. Note in particular that a + (*MARK) name that is set in an assertion is not "seen" by an instance of (*SKIP:NAME) later in the pattern. - PCRE2 now supports non-atomic positive assertions, as described in the - section entitled "Non-atomic assertions" above. These assertions must - be standalone (not used as conditions). They are not Perl-compatible. - For these assertions, a later backtrack does jump back into the asser- - tion, and therefore verbs such as (*COMMIT) can be triggered by back- + PCRE2 now supports non-atomic positive assertions, as described in the + section entitled "Non-atomic assertions" above. These assertions must + be standalone (not used as conditions). They are not Perl-compatible. + For these assertions, a later backtrack does jump back into the asser- + tion, and therefore verbs such as (*COMMIT) can be triggered by back- tracks from later in the pattern. - The effect of (*THEN) is not allowed to escape beyond an assertion. If - there are no more branches to try, (*THEN) causes a positive assertion + The effect of (*THEN) is not allowed to escape beyond an assertion. If + there are no more branches to try, (*THEN) causes a positive assertion to be false, and a negative assertion to be true. - The other backtracking verbs are not treated specially if they appear - in a standalone positive assertion. In a conditional positive asser- + The other backtracking verbs are not treated specially if they appear + in a standalone positive assertion. In a conditional positive asser- tion, backtracking (from within the assertion) into (*COMMIT), (*SKIP), or (*PRUNE) causes the condition to be false. However, for both stand- alone and conditional negative assertions, backtracking into (*COMMIT), @@ -9663,15 +9929,15 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL These behaviours occur whether or not the group is called recursively. (*ACCEPT) in a group called as a subroutine causes the subroutine match - to succeed without any further processing. Matching then continues af- - ter the subroutine call. Perl documents this behaviour. Perl's treat- + to succeed without any further processing. Matching then continues af- + ter the subroutine call. Perl documents this behaviour. Perl's treat- ment of the other verbs in subroutines is different in some cases. - (*FAIL) in a group called as a subroutine has its normal effect: it + (*FAIL) in a group called as a subroutine has its normal effect: it forces an immediate backtrack. - (*COMMIT), (*SKIP), and (*PRUNE) cause the subroutine match to fail - when triggered by being backtracked to in a group called as a subrou- + (*COMMIT), (*SKIP), and (*PRUNE) cause the subroutine match to fail + when triggered by being backtracked to in a group called as a subrou- tine. There is then a backtrack at the outer level. (*THEN), when triggered, skips to the next alternative in the innermost @@ -9682,7 +9948,7 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL SEE ALSO - pcre2api(3), pcre2callout(3), pcre2matching(3), pcre2syntax(3), + pcre2api(3), pcre2callout(3), pcre2matching(3), pcre2syntax(3), pcre2(3). @@ -9695,18 +9961,22 @@ AUTHOR REVISION - Last updated: 12 January 2022 - Copyright (c) 1997-2022 University of Cambridge. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Last updated: 12 October 2023 + Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. -PCRE2PERFORM(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2PERFORM(3) +PCRE2 10.43 12 October 2023 PCRE2PATTERN(3) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +PCRE2PERFORM(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2PERFORM(3) NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) + PCRE2 PERFORMANCE Two aspects of performance are discussed below: memory usage and pro- @@ -9717,7 +9987,7 @@ PCRE2 PERFORMANCE COMPILED PATTERN MEMORY USAGE Patterns are compiled by PCRE2 into a reasonably efficient interpretive - code, so that most simple patterns do not use much memory for storing + code, so that most simple patterns do not use much memory for storing the compiled version. However, there is one case where the memory usage of a compiled pattern can be unexpectedly large. If a parenthesized group has a quantifier with a minimum greater than 1 and/or a limited @@ -9730,31 +10000,31 @@ COMPILED PATTERN MEMORY USAGE (abc|def)(abc|def)((abc|def)(abc|def)?)? - (Technical aside: It is done this way so that backtrack points within + (Technical aside: It is done this way so that backtrack points within each of the repetitions can be independently maintained.) - For regular expressions whose quantifiers use only small numbers, this - is not usually a problem. However, if the numbers are large, and par- - ticularly if such repetitions are nested, the memory usage can become + For regular expressions whose quantifiers use only small numbers, this + is not usually a problem. However, if the numbers are large, and par- + ticularly if such repetitions are nested, the memory usage can become an embarrassment. For example, the very simple pattern ((ab){1,1000}c){1,3} - uses over 50KiB when compiled using the 8-bit library. When PCRE2 is - compiled with its default internal pointer size of two bytes, the size + uses over 50KiB when compiled using the 8-bit library. When PCRE2 is + compiled with its default internal pointer size of two bytes, the size limit on a compiled pattern is 65535 code units in the 8-bit and 16-bit libraries, and this is reached with the above pattern if the outer rep- - etition is increased from 3 to 4. PCRE2 can be compiled to use larger - internal pointers and thus handle larger compiled patterns, but it is + etition is increased from 3 to 4. PCRE2 can be compiled to use larger + internal pointers and thus handle larger compiled patterns, but it is better to try to rewrite your pattern to use less memory if you can. - One way of reducing the memory usage for such patterns is to make use + One way of reducing the memory usage for such patterns is to make use of PCRE2's "subroutine" facility. Re-writing the above pattern as ((ab)(?2){0,999}c)(?1){0,2} - reduces the memory requirements to around 16KiB, and indeed it remains - under 20KiB even with the outer repetition increased to 100. However, + reduces the memory requirements to around 16KiB, and indeed it remains + under 20KiB even with the outer repetition increased to 100. However, this kind of pattern is not always exactly equivalent, because any cap- tures within subroutine calls are lost when the subroutine completes. If this is not a problem, this kind of rewriting will allow you to @@ -9767,19 +10037,36 @@ COMPILED PATTERN MEMORY USAGE STACK AND HEAP USAGE AT RUN TIME From release 10.30, the interpretive (non-JIT) version of pcre2_match() - uses very little system stack at run time. In earlier releases recur- - sive function calls could use a great deal of stack, and this could - cause problems, but this usage has been eliminated. Backtracking posi- - tions are now explicitly remembered in memory frames controlled by the - code. An initial 20KiB vector of frames is allocated on the system - stack (enough for about 100 frames for small patterns), but if this is - insufficient, heap memory is used. The amount of heap memory can be - limited; if the limit is set to zero, only the initial stack vector is - used. Rewriting patterns to be time-efficient, as described below, may - also reduce the memory requirements. - - In contrast to pcre2_match(), pcre2_dfa_match() does use recursive - function calls, but only for processing atomic groups, lookaround as- + uses very little system stack at run time. In earlier releases recur- + sive function calls could use a great deal of stack, and this could + cause problems, but this usage has been eliminated. Backtracking posi- + tions are now explicitly remembered in memory frames controlled by the + code. + + The size of each frame depends on the size of pointer variables and the + number of capturing parenthesized groups in the pattern being matched. + On a 64-bit system the frame size for a pattern with no captures is 128 + bytes. For each capturing group the size increases by 16 bytes. + + Until release 10.41, an initial 20KiB frames vector was allocated on + the system stack, but this still caused some issues for multi-thread + applications where each thread has a very small stack. From release + 10.41 backtracking memory frames are always held in heap memory. An + initial heap allocation is obtained the first time any match data block + is passed to pcre2_match(). This is remembered with the match data + block and re-used if that block is used for another match. It is freed + when the match data block itself is freed. + + The size of the initial block is the larger of 20KiB or ten times the + pattern's frame size, unless the heap limit is less than this, in which + case the heap limit is used. If the initial block proves to be too + small during matching, it is replaced by a larger block, subject to the + heap limit. The heap limit is checked only when a new block is to be + allocated. Reducing the heap limit between calls to pcre2_match() with + the same match data block does not affect the saved block. + + In contrast to pcre2_match(), pcre2_dfa_match() does use recursive + function calls, but only for processing atomic groups, lookaround as- sertions, and recursion within the pattern. The original version of the code used to allocate quite large internal workspace vectors on the stack, which caused some problems for some patterns in environments @@ -9797,20 +10084,20 @@ PROCESSING TIME Certain items in regular expression patterns are processed more effi- ciently than others. It is more efficient to use a character class like - [aeiou] than a set of single-character alternatives such as - (a|e|i|o|u). In general, the simplest construction that provides the + [aeiou] than a set of single-character alternatives such as + (a|e|i|o|u). In general, the simplest construction that provides the required behaviour is usually the most efficient. Jeffrey Friedl's book contains a lot of useful general discussion about optimizing regular expressions for efficient performance. This document contains a few ob- servations about PCRE2. - Using Unicode character properties (the \p, \P, and \X escapes) is - slow, because PCRE2 has to use a multi-stage table lookup whenever it - needs a character's property. If you can find an alternative pattern + Using Unicode character properties (the \p, \P, and \X escapes) is + slow, because PCRE2 has to use a multi-stage table lookup whenever it + needs a character's property. If you can find an alternative pattern that does not use character properties, it will probably be faster. - By default, the escape sequences \b, \d, \s, and \w, and the POSIX - character classes such as [:alpha:] do not use Unicode properties, + By default, the escape sequences \b, \d, \s, and \w, and the POSIX + character classes such as [:alpha:] do not use Unicode properties, partly for backwards compatibility, and partly for performance reasons. However, you can set the PCRE2_UCP option or start the pattern with (*UCP) if you want Unicode character properties to be used. This can @@ -9823,12 +10110,12 @@ PROCESSING TIME option is set, the pattern is implicitly anchored by PCRE2, since it can match only at the start of a subject string. If the pattern has multiple top-level branches, they must all be anchorable. The optimiza- - tion can be disabled by the PCRE2_NO_DOTSTAR_ANCHOR option, and is au- + tion can be disabled by the PCRE2_NO_DOTSTAR_ANCHOR option, and is au- tomatically disabled if the pattern contains (*PRUNE) or (*SKIP). - If PCRE2_DOTALL is not set, PCRE2 cannot make this optimization, be- - cause the dot metacharacter does not then match a newline, and if the - subject string contains newlines, the pattern may match from the char- + If PCRE2_DOTALL is not set, PCRE2 cannot make this optimization, be- + cause the dot metacharacter does not then match a newline, and if the + subject string contains newlines, the pattern may match from the char- acter immediately following one of them instead of from the very start. For example, the pattern @@ -9876,29 +10163,29 @@ PROCESSING TIME takes an appreciable time with strings longer than about 20 characters. In many cases, the solution to this kind of performance issue is to use - an atomic group or a possessive quantifier. This can often reduce mem- + an atomic group or a possessive quantifier. This can often reduce mem- ory requirements as well. As another example, consider this pattern: ([^<]|<(?!inet))+ - It matches from wherever it starts until it encounters " @@ -9962,15 +10253,15 @@ DESCRIPTION This set of functions provides a POSIX-style API for the PCRE2 regular expression 8-bit library. There are no POSIX-style wrappers for PCRE2's - 16-bit and 32-bit libraries. See the pcre2api documentation for a de- - scription of PCRE2's native API, which contains much additional func- + 16-bit and 32-bit libraries. See the pcre2api documentation for a de- + scription of PCRE2's native API, which contains much additional func- tionality. The functions described here are wrapper functions that ultimately call the PCRE2 native API. Their prototypes are defined in the pcre2posix.h header file, and they all have unique names starting with pcre2_. How- ever, the pcre2posix.h header also contains macro definitions that con- - vert the standard POSIX names such regcomp() into pcre2_regcomp() etc. + vert the standard POSIX names such regcomp() into pcre2_regcomp() etc. This means that a program can use the usual POSIX names without running the risk of accidentally linking with POSIX functions from a different library. @@ -9980,11 +10271,16 @@ DESCRIPTION an application. Because the POSIX functions call the native ones, it is also necessary to add -lpcre2-8. - Although they were not defined as protypes in pcre2posix.h, releases - 10.33 to 10.36 of the library contained functions with the POSIX names - regcomp() etc. These simply passed their arguments to the PCRE2 func- - tions. These functions were provided for backwards compatibility with - earlier versions of PCRE2, which had only POSIX names. However, this + On Windows systems, if you are linking to a DLL version of the library, + it is recommended that PCRE2POSIX_SHARED is defined before including + the pcre2posix.h header, as it will allow for a more efficient way to + invoke the functions by adding the __declspec(dllimport) decorator. + + Although they were not defined as prototypes in pcre2posix.h, releases + 10.33 to 10.36 of the library contained functions with the POSIX names + regcomp() etc. These simply passed their arguments to the PCRE2 func- + tions. These functions were provided for backwards compatibility with + earlier versions of PCRE2, which had only POSIX names. However, this has proved troublesome in situations where a program links with several libraries, some of which use PCRE2's POSIX interface while others use the real POSIX functions. For this reason, the POSIX names have been @@ -10029,7 +10325,7 @@ USING THE POSIX FUNCTIONS COMPILING A PATTERN The function pcre2_regcomp() is called to compile a pattern into an in- - ternal form. By default, the pattern is a C string terminated by a bi- + ternal form. By default, the pattern is a C string terminated by a bi- nary zero (but see REG_PEND below). The preg argument is a pointer to a regex_t structure that is used as a base for storing information about the compiled regular expression. (It is also used for input when @@ -10040,13 +10336,13 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN REG_DOTALL - The PCRE2_DOTALL option is set when the regular expression is passed - for compilation to the native function. Note that REG_DOTALL is not + The PCRE2_DOTALL option is set when the regular expression is passed + for compilation to the native function. Note that REG_DOTALL is not part of the POSIX standard. REG_ICASE - The PCRE2_CASELESS option is set when the regular expression is passed + The PCRE2_CASELESS option is set when the regular expression is passed for compilation to the native function. REG_NEWLINE @@ -10078,9 +10374,9 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN If this option is set, the reg_endp field in the preg structure (which has the type const char *) must be set to point to the character beyond - the end of the pattern before calling pcre2_regcomp(). The pattern it- - self may now contain binary zeros, which are treated as data charac- - ters. Without REG_PEND, a binary zero terminates the pattern and the + the end of the pattern before calling pcre2_regcomp(). The pattern it- + self may now contain binary zeros, which are treated as data charac- + ters. Without REG_PEND, a binary zero terminates the pattern and the re_endp field is ignored. This is a GNU extension to the POSIX standard and should be used with caution in software intended to be portable to other systems. @@ -10110,10 +10406,10 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN mantics. In particular, the way it handles newline characters in the subject string is the Perl way, not the POSIX way. Note that setting PCRE2_MULTILINE has only some of the effects specified for REG_NEWLINE. - It does not affect the way newlines are matched by the dot metacharac- + It does not affect the way newlines are matched by the dot metacharac- ter (they are not) or by a negative class such as [^a] (they are). - The yield of pcre2_regcomp() is zero on success, and non-zero other- + The yield of pcre2_regcomp() is zero on success, and non-zero other- wise. The preg structure is filled in on success, and one other member of the structure (as well as re_endp) is public: re_nsub contains the number of capturing subpatterns in the regular expression. Various er- @@ -10128,7 +10424,7 @@ COMPILING A PATTERN MATCHING NEWLINE CHARACTERS This area is not simple, because POSIX and Perl take different views of - things. It is not possible to get PCRE2 to obey POSIX semantics, but + things. It is not possible to get PCRE2 to obey POSIX semantics, but then PCRE2 was never intended to be a POSIX engine. The following table lists the different possibilities for matching newline characters in Perl and PCRE2: @@ -10160,7 +10456,7 @@ MATCHING NEWLINE CHARACTERS and PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY when calling pcre2_compile() directly, but there is no way to make PCRE2 behave exactly as for the REG_NEWLINE ac- tion. When using the POSIX API, passing REG_NEWLINE to PCRE2's - pcre2_regcomp() function causes PCRE2_MULTILINE to be passed to + pcre2_regcomp() function causes PCRE2_MULTILINE to be passed to pcre2_compile(), and REG_DOTALL passes PCRE2_DOTALL. There is no way to pass PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY. @@ -10168,8 +10464,8 @@ MATCHING NEWLINE CHARACTERS MATCHING A PATTERN The function pcre2_regexec() is called to match a compiled pattern preg - against a given string, which is by default terminated by a zero byte - (but see REG_STARTEND below), subject to the options in eflags. These + against a given string, which is by default terminated by a zero byte + (but see REG_STARTEND below), subject to the options in eflags. These can be: REG_NOTBOL @@ -10191,8 +10487,8 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN REG_STARTEND - When this option is set, the subject string starts at string + - pmatch[0].rm_so and ends at string + pmatch[0].rm_eo, which should + When this option is set, the subject string starts at string + + pmatch[0].rm_so and ends at string + pmatch[0].rm_eo, which should point to the first character beyond the string. There may be binary ze- ros within the subject string, and indeed, using REG_STARTEND is the only way to pass a subject string that contains a binary zero. @@ -10222,27 +10518,27 @@ MATCHING A PATTERN Otherwise, the portion of the string that was matched, and also any captured substrings, are returned via the pmatch argument, which points - to an array of nmatch structures of type regmatch_t, containing the - members rm_so and rm_eo. These contain the byte offset to the first + to an array of nmatch structures of type regmatch_t, containing the + members rm_so and rm_eo. These contain the byte offset to the first character of each substring and the offset to the first character after the end of each substring, respectively. The 0th element of the vector relates to the entire portion of string that was matched; subsequent elements relate to the capturing subpatterns of the regular expression. Unused entries in the array have both structure members set to -1. - A successful match yields a zero return; various error codes are de- - fined in the header file, of which REG_NOMATCH is the "expected" fail- + A successful match yields a zero return; various error codes are de- + fined in the header file, of which REG_NOMATCH is the "expected" fail- ure code. ERROR MESSAGES - The pcre2_regerror() function maps a non-zero errorcode from either - pcre2_regcomp() or pcre2_regexec() to a printable message. If preg is - not NULL, the error should have arisen from the use of that structure. - A message terminated by a binary zero is placed in errbuf. If the buf- - fer is too short, only the first errbuf_size - 1 characters of the er- - ror message are used. The yield of the function is the size of buffer + The pcre2_regerror() function maps a non-zero errorcode from either + pcre2_regcomp() or pcre2_regexec() to a printable message. If preg is + not NULL, the error should have arisen from the use of that structure. + A message terminated by a binary zero is placed in errbuf. If the + buffer is too short, only the first errbuf_size - 1 characters of the + error message are used. The yield of the function is the size of buffer needed to hold the whole message, including the terminating zero. This value is greater than errbuf_size if the message was truncated. @@ -10266,16 +10562,20 @@ REVISION Last updated: 26 April 2021 Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -PCRE2SAMPLE(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2SAMPLE(3) +PCRE2 10.43 13 May 2023 PCRE2POSIX(3) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +PCRE2SAMPLE(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2SAMPLE(3) NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) + PCRE2 SAMPLE PROGRAM A simple, complete demonstration program to get you started with using @@ -10286,7 +10586,7 @@ PCRE2 SAMPLE PROGRAM The demonstration program compiles the regular expression that is its first argument, and matches it against the subject string in its second - argument. No PCRE2 options are set, and default character tables are + argument. No PCRE2 options are set, and default character tables are used. If matching succeeds, the program outputs the portion of the sub- ject that matched, together with the contents of any captured sub- strings. @@ -10324,10 +10624,10 @@ PCRE2 SAMPLE PROGRAM ./pcre2demo 'cat|dog' 'the cat sat on the mat' ./pcre2demo -g 'cat|dog' 'the dog sat on the cat' - Note that there is a much more comprehensive test program, called - pcre2test, which supports many more facilities for testing regular ex- - pressions using all three PCRE2 libraries (8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit, - though not all three need be installed). The pcre2demo program is pro- + Note that there is a much more comprehensive test program, called + pcre2test, which supports many more facilities for testing regular ex- + pressions using all three PCRE2 libraries (8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit, + though not all three need be installed). The pcre2demo program is pro- vided as a relatively simple coding example. If you try to run pcre2demo when PCRE2 is not installed in the standard @@ -10337,7 +10637,7 @@ PCRE2 SAMPLE PROGRAM ld.so.1: pcre2demo: fatal: libpcre2-8.so.0: open failed: No such file or directory - This is caused by the way shared library support works on those sys- + This is caused by the way shared library support works on those sys- tems. You need to add -R/usr/local/lib @@ -10356,14 +10656,18 @@ REVISION Last updated: 02 February 2016 Copyright (c) 1997-2016 University of Cambridge. + + +PCRE2 10.22 02 February 2016 PCRE2SAMPLE(3) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -PCRE2SERIALIZE(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2SERIALIZE(3) +PCRE2SERIALIZE(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2SERIALIZE(3) NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) + SAVING AND RE-USING PRECOMPILED PCRE2 PATTERNS int32_t pcre2_serialize_decode(pcre2_code **codes, @@ -10383,17 +10687,17 @@ SAVING AND RE-USING PRECOMPILED PCRE2 PATTERNS form instead of having to compile them every time the application is run. However, if you are using the just-in-time optimization feature, it is not possible to save and reload the JIT data, because it is posi- - tion-dependent. The host on which the patterns are reloaded must be - running the same version of PCRE2, with the same code unit width, and - must also have the same endianness, pointer width and PCRE2_SIZE type. - For example, patterns compiled on a 32-bit system using PCRE2's 16-bit + tion-dependent. The host on which the patterns are reloaded must be + running the same version of PCRE2, with the same code unit width, and + must also have the same endianness, pointer width and PCRE2_SIZE type. + For example, patterns compiled on a 32-bit system using PCRE2's 16-bit library cannot be reloaded on a 64-bit system, nor can they be reloaded using the 8-bit library. Note that "serialization" in PCRE2 does not convert compiled patterns to an abstract format like Java or .NET serialization. The serialized - output is really just a bytecode dump, which is why it can only be - reloaded in the same environment as the one that created it. Hence the + output is really just a bytecode dump, which is why it can only be re- + loaded in the same environment as the one that created it. Hence the restrictions mentioned above. Applications that are not statically linked with a fixed version of PCRE2 must be prepared to recompile pat- terns from their sources, in order to be immune to PCRE2 upgrades. @@ -10426,15 +10730,15 @@ SAVING COMPILED PATTERNS list, being a pointer to a vector of pointers to compiled patterns, and the length of the vector. The third and fourth arguments point to vari- ables which are set to point to the created byte stream and its length, - respectively. The final argument is a pointer to a general context, - which can be used to specify custom memory mangagement functions. If - this argument is NULL, malloc() is used to obtain memory for the byte + respectively. The final argument is a pointer to a general context, + which can be used to specify custom memory mangagement functions. If + this argument is NULL, malloc() is used to obtain memory for the byte stream. The yield of the function is the number of serialized patterns, or one of the following negative error codes: PCRE2_ERROR_BADDATA the number of patterns is zero or less PCRE2_ERROR_BADMAGIC mismatch of id bytes in one of the patterns - PCRE2_ERROR_MEMORY memory allocation failed + PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY memory allocation failed PCRE2_ERROR_MIXEDTABLES the patterns do not all use the same tables PCRE2_ERROR_NULL the 1st, 3rd, or 4th argument is NULL @@ -10443,7 +10747,7 @@ SAVING COMPILED PATTERNS tern. Once a set of patterns has been serialized you can save the data in any - appropriate manner. Here is sample code that compiles two patterns and + appropriate manner. Here is sample code that compiles two patterns and writes them to a file. It assumes that the variable fd refers to a file that is open for output. The error checking that should be present in a real application has been omitted for simplicity. @@ -10461,26 +10765,26 @@ SAVING COMPILED PATTERNS &bytescount, NULL); errorcode = fwrite(bytes, 1, bytescount, fd); - Note that the serialized data is binary data that may contain any of - the 256 possible byte values. On systems that make a distinction be- - tween binary and non-binary data, be sure that the file is opened for + Note that the serialized data is binary data that may contain any of + the 256 possible byte values. On systems that make a distinction be- + tween binary and non-binary data, be sure that the file is opened for binary output. - Serializing a set of patterns leaves the original data untouched, so - they can still be used for matching. Their memory must eventually be + Serializing a set of patterns leaves the original data untouched, so + they can still be used for matching. Their memory must eventually be freed in the usual way by calling pcre2_code_free(). When you have fin- ished with the byte stream, it too must be freed by calling pcre2_seri- - alize_free(). If this function is called with a NULL argument, it re- + alize_free(). If this function is called with a NULL argument, it re- turns immediately without doing anything. RE-USING PRECOMPILED PATTERNS - In order to re-use a set of saved patterns you must first make the se- - rialized byte stream available in main memory (for example, by reading + In order to re-use a set of saved patterns you must first make the se- + rialized byte stream available in main memory (for example, by reading from a file). The management of this memory block is up to the applica- tion. You can use the pcre2_serialize_get_number_of_codes() function to - find out how many compiled patterns are in the serialized data without + find out how many compiled patterns are in the serialized data without actually decoding the patterns: uint8_t *bytes = ; @@ -10488,7 +10792,7 @@ RE-USING PRECOMPILED PATTERNS The pcre2_serialize_decode() function reads a byte stream and recreates the compiled patterns in new memory blocks, setting pointers to them in - a vector. The first two arguments are a pointer to a suitable vector + a vector. The first two arguments are a pointer to a suitable vector and its length, and the third argument points to a byte stream. The fi- nal argument is a pointer to a general context, which can be used to specify custom memory mangagement functions for the decoded patterns. @@ -10500,9 +10804,9 @@ RE-USING PRECOMPILED PATTERNS int32_t number_of_codes = pcre2_serialize_decode(list_of_codes, 2, bytes, NULL); - If the vector is not large enough for all the patterns in the byte - stream, it is filled with those that fit, and the remainder are ig- - nored. The yield of the function is the number of decoded patterns, or + If the vector is not large enough for all the patterns in the byte + stream, it is filled with those that fit, and the remainder are ig- + nored. The yield of the function is the number of decoded patterns, or one of the following negative error codes: PCRE2_ERROR_BADDATA second argument is zero or less @@ -10512,7 +10816,7 @@ RE-USING PRECOMPILED PATTERNS PCRE2_ERROR_MEMORY memory allocation failed PCRE2_ERROR_NULL first or third argument is NULL - PCRE2_ERROR_BADMAGIC may mean that the data is corrupt, or that it was + PCRE2_ERROR_BADMAGIC may mean that the data is corrupt, or that it was compiled on a system with different endianness. Decoded patterns can be used for matching in the usual way, and must be @@ -10521,15 +10825,15 @@ RE-USING PRECOMPILED PATTERNS coded from a single byte stream in a multithreaded application. A sin- gle copy of the character tables is used by all the decoded patterns and a reference count is used to arrange for its memory to be automati- - cally freed when the last pattern is freed, but there is no locking on - this reference count. Therefore, if you want to call pcre2_code_free() - for these patterns in different threads, you must arrange your own - locking, and ensure that pcre2_code_free() cannot be called by two + cally freed when the last pattern is freed, but there is no locking on + this reference count. Therefore, if you want to call pcre2_code_free() + for these patterns in different threads, you must arrange your own + locking, and ensure that pcre2_code_free() cannot be called by two threads at the same time. - If a pattern was processed by pcre2_jit_compile() before being serial- - ized, the JIT data is discarded and so is no longer available after a - save/restore cycle. You can, however, process a restored pattern with + If a pattern was processed by pcre2_jit_compile() before being serial- + ized, the JIT data is discarded and so is no longer available after a + save/restore cycle. You can, however, process a restored pattern with pcre2_jit_compile() if you wish. @@ -10544,16 +10848,20 @@ REVISION Last updated: 27 June 2018 Copyright (c) 1997-2018 University of Cambridge. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -PCRE2SYNTAX(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2SYNTAX(3) +PCRE2 10.32 27 June 2018 PCRE2SERIALIZE(3) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +PCRE2SYNTAX(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2SYNTAX(3) NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) + PCRE2 REGULAR EXPRESSION SYNTAX SUMMARY The full syntax and semantics of the regular expressions that are sup- @@ -10566,6 +10874,20 @@ QUOTING \x where x is non-alphanumeric is a literal x \Q...\E treat enclosed characters as literal + Note that white space inside \Q...\E is always treated as literal, even + if PCRE2_EXTENDED is set, causing most other white space to be ignored. + + +BRACED ITEMS + + With one exception, wherever brace characters { and } are required to + enclose data for constructions such as \g{2} or \k{name}, space and/or + horizontal tab characters that follow { or precede } are allowed and + are ignored. In the case of quantifiers, they may also appear before or + after the comma. The exception is \u{...} which is not Perl-compatible + and is recognized only when PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX is set. This is an EC- + MAScript compatibility feature, and follows ECMAScript's behaviour. + ESCAPED CHARACTERS @@ -10573,7 +10895,7 @@ ESCAPED CHARACTERS escape sequence causes an error. \a alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07) - \cx "control-x", where x is any ASCII printing character + \cx "control-x", where x is a non-control ASCII character \e escape (hex 1B) \f form feed (hex 0C) \n newline (hex 0A) @@ -10593,11 +10915,11 @@ ESCAPED CHARACTERS \uhhhh character with hex code hhhh \u{hh..} character with hex code hh.. but only for EXTRA_ALT_BSUX - When \x is not followed by {, from zero to two hexadecimal digits are - read, but in ALT_BSUX mode \x must be followed by two hexadecimal dig- - its to be recognized as a hexadecimal escape; otherwise it matches a - literal "x". Likewise, if \u (in ALT_BSUX mode) is not followed by - four hexadecimal digits or (in EXTRA_ALT_BSUX mode) a sequence of hex + When \x is not followed by {, from zero to two hexadecimal digits are + read, but in ALT_BSUX mode \x must be followed by two hexadecimal dig- + its to be recognized as a hexadecimal escape; otherwise it matches a + literal "x". Likewise, if \u (in ALT_BSUX mode) is not followed by + four hexadecimal digits or (in EXTRA_ALT_BSUX mode) a sequence of hex digits in curly brackets, it matches a literal "u". Note that \0dd is always an octal code. The treatment of backslash fol- @@ -10605,7 +10927,7 @@ ESCAPED CHARACTERS "Non-printing characters" in the pcre2pattern documentation, where de- tails of escape processing in EBCDIC environments are also given. \N{U+hh..} is synonymous with \x{hh..} in PCRE2 but is not supported in - EBCDIC environments. Note that \N not followed by an opening curly + EBCDIC environments. Note that \N not followed by an opening curly bracket has a different meaning (see below). @@ -10630,17 +10952,19 @@ CHARACTER TYPES \W a "non-word" character \X a Unicode extended grapheme cluster - \C is dangerous because it may leave the current matching point in the + \C is dangerous because it may leave the current matching point in the middle of a UTF-8 or UTF-16 character. The application can lock out the use of \C by setting the PCRE2_NEVER_BACKSLASH_C option. It is also possible to build PCRE2 with the use of \C permanently disabled. By default, \d, \s, and \w match only ASCII characters, even in UTF-8 mode or in the 16-bit and 32-bit libraries. However, if locale-specific - matching is happening, \s and \w may also match characters with code + matching is happening, \s and \w may also match characters with code points in the range 128-255. If the PCRE2_UCP option is set, the behav- iour of these escape sequences is changed to use Unicode properties and - they match many more characters. + they match many more characters, but there are some option settings + that can restrict individual sequences to matching only ASCII charac- + ters. Property descriptions in \p and \P are matched caselessly; hyphens, un- derscores, and white space are ignored, in accordance with Unicode's @@ -10711,9 +11035,9 @@ PCRE2 SPECIAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P BINARY PROPERTIES FOR \p AND \P - Unicode defines a number of binary properties, that is, properties - whose only values are true or false. You can obtain a list of those - that are recognized by \p and \P, along with their abbreviations, by + Unicode defines a number of binary properties, that is, properties + whose only values are true or false. You can obtain a list of those + that are recognized by \p and \P, along with their abbreviations, by running this command: pcre2test -LP @@ -10721,8 +11045,8 @@ BINARY PROPERTIES FOR \p AND \P SCRIPT MATCHING WITH \p AND \P - Many script names and their 4-letter abbreviations are recognized in - \p{sc:...} or \p{scx:...} items, or on their own with \p (and also \P + Many script names and their 4-letter abbreviations are recognized in + \p{sc:...} or \p{scx:...} items, or on their own with \p (and also \P of course). You can obtain a list of these scripts by running this com- mand: @@ -10807,6 +11131,9 @@ QUANTIFIERS {n,} n or more, greedy {n,}+ n or more, possessive {n,}? n or more, lazy + {,m} zero up to m, greedy + {,m}+ zero up to m, possessive + {,m}? zero up to m, lazy ANCHORS AND SIMPLE ASSERTIONS @@ -10872,18 +11199,29 @@ OPTION SETTING Changes of these options within a group are automatically cancelled at the end of the group. + (?a) all ASCII options + (?aD) restrict \d to ASCII in UCP mode + (?aS) restrict \s to ASCII in UCP mode + (?aW) restrict \w to ASCII in UCP mode + (?aP) restrict all POSIX classes to ASCII in UCP mode + (?aT) restrict POSIX digit classes to ASCII in UCP mode (?i) caseless (?J) allow duplicate named groups (?m) multiline (?n) no auto capture + (?r) restrict caseless to either ASCII or non-ASCII (?s) single line (dotall) (?U) default ungreedy (lazy) - (?x) extended: ignore white space except in classes + (?x) ignore white space except in classes or \Q...\E (?xx) as (?x) but also ignore space and tab in classes - (?-...) unset option(s) - (?^) unset imnsx options + (?-...) unset the given option(s) + (?^) unset imnrsx options + + (?aP) implies (?aT) as well, though this has no additional effect. How- + ever, it means that (?-aP) is really (?-PT) which disables all ASCII + restrictions for POSIX classes. - Unsetting x or xx unsets both. Several options may be set at once, and + Unsetting x or xx unsets both. Several options may be set at once, and a mixture of setting and unsetting such as (?i-x) is allowed, but there may be only one hyphen. Setting (but no unsetting) is allowed after (?^ for example (?^in). An option setting may appear at the start of a non- @@ -10909,7 +11247,7 @@ OPTION SETTING value of the limits set by the caller of pcre2_match() or pcre2_dfa_match(), not increase them. LIMIT_RECURSION is an obsolete synonym for LIMIT_DEPTH. The application can lock out the use of (*UTF) - and (*UCP) by setting the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF or PCRE2_NEVER_UCP options, + and (*UCP) by setting the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF or PCRE2_NEVER_UCP options, respectively, at compile time. @@ -10953,7 +11291,12 @@ LOOKAHEAD AND LOOKBEHIND ASSERTIONS (*nlb:...) ) negative lookbehind (*negative_lookbehind:...) ) - Each top-level branch of a lookbehind must be of a fixed length. + Each top-level branch of a lookbehind must have a limit for the number + of characters it matches. If any branch can match a variable number of + characters, the maximum for each branch is limited to a value set by + the caller of pcre2_compile() or defaulted. The default is set when + PCRE2 is built (ultimate default 255). If every branch matches a fixed + number of characters, the limit for each branch is 65535 characters. NON-ATOMIC LOOKAROUND ASSERTIONS @@ -11018,8 +11361,8 @@ CONDITIONAL PATTERNS (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern) (?(n) absolute reference condition - (?(+n) relative reference condition - (?(-n) relative reference condition + (?(+n) relative reference condition (PCRE2 extension) + (?(-n) relative reference condition (PCRE2 extension) (?( ) named reference condition (Perl) (?('name') named reference condition (Perl) (?(name) named reference condition (PCRE2, deprecated) @@ -11047,7 +11390,7 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL (*FAIL) force backtrack; synonym (*F) (*MARK:NAME) set name to be passed back; synonym (*:NAME) - The following act only when a subsequent match failure causes a back- + The following act only when a subsequent match failure causes a back- track to reach them. They all force a match failure, but they differ in what happens afterwards. Those that advance the start-of-match point do so only if the pattern is not anchored. @@ -11059,7 +11402,7 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL (*MARK:NAME); if not found, the (*SKIP) is ignored (*THEN) local failure, backtrack to next alternation - The effect of one of these verbs in a group called as a subroutine is + The effect of one of these verbs in a group called as a subroutine is confined to the subroutine call. @@ -11090,22 +11433,26 @@ AUTHOR REVISION - Last updated: 12 January 2022 - Copyright (c) 1997-2022 University of Cambridge. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Last updated: 12 October 2023 + Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. -PCRE2UNICODE(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2UNICODE(3) +PCRE2 10.43 12 October 2023 PCRE2SYNTAX(3) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +PCRE2UNICODE(3) Library Functions Manual PCRE2UNICODE(3) NAME PCRE - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) + UNICODE AND UTF SUPPORT PCRE2 is normally built with Unicode support, though if you do not need - it, you can build it without, in which case the library will be + it, you can build it without, in which case the library will be smaller. With Unicode support, PCRE2 has knowledge of Unicode character properties and can process strings of text in UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32 format (depending on the code unit width), but this is not the default. @@ -11115,49 +11462,51 @@ UNICODE AND UTF SUPPORT There are two ways of telling PCRE2 to switch to UTF mode, where char- acters may consist of more than one code unit and the range of values is constrained. The program can call pcre2_compile() with the PCRE2_UTF - option, or the pattern may start with the sequence (*UTF). However, - the latter facility can be locked out by the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF option. - That is, the programmer can prevent the supplier of the pattern from + option, or the pattern may start with the sequence (*UTF). However, + the latter facility can be locked out by the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF option. + That is, the programmer can prevent the supplier of the pattern from switching to UTF mode. - Note that the PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF option (see below) forces + Note that the PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF option (see below) forces PCRE2_UTF to be set. - In UTF mode, both the pattern and any subject strings that are matched - against it are treated as UTF strings instead of strings of individual - one-code-unit characters. There are also some other changes to the way + In UTF mode, both the pattern and any subject strings that are matched + against it are treated as UTF strings instead of strings of individual + one-code-unit characters. There are also some other changes to the way characters are handled, as documented below. UNICODE PROPERTY SUPPORT - When PCRE2 is built with Unicode support, the escape sequences \p{..}, + When PCRE2 is built with Unicode support, the escape sequences \p{..}, \P{..}, and \X can be used. This is not dependent on the PCRE2_UTF set- ting. The Unicode properties that can be tested are a subset of those that Perl supports. Currently they are limited to the general category properties such as Lu for an upper case letter or Nd for a decimal num- - ber, the Unicode script names such as Arabic or Han, Bidi_Class, - Bidi_Control, and the derived properties Any and LC (synonym L&). Full - lists are given in the pcre2pattern and pcre2syntax documentation. In - general, only the short names for properties are supported. For exam- - ple, \p{L} matches a letter. Its longer synonym, \p{Letter}, is not - supported. Furthermore, in Perl, many properties may optionally be pre- - fixed by "Is", for compatibility with Perl 5.6. PCRE2 does not support - this. + ber, the derived properties Any and LC (synonym L&), the Unicode script + names such as Arabic or Han, Bidi_Class, Bidi_Control, and a few binary + properties. + + The full lists are given in the pcre2pattern and pcre2syntax documenta- + tion. In general, only the short names for properties are supported. + For example, \p{L} matches a letter. Its longer synonym, \p{Letter}, is + not supported. Furthermore, in Perl, many properties may optionally be + prefixed by "Is", for compatibility with Perl 5.6. PCRE2 does not sup- + port this. WIDE CHARACTERS AND UTF MODES Code points less than 256 can be specified in patterns by either braced or unbraced hexadecimal escape sequences (for example, \x{b3} or \xb3). - Larger values have to use braced sequences. Unbraced octal code points + Larger values have to use braced sequences. Unbraced octal code points up to \777 are also recognized; larger ones can be coded using \o{...}. - The escape sequence \N{U+ } is recognized as another way of - specifying a Unicode character by code point in a UTF mode. It is not + The escape sequence \N{U+ } is recognized as another way of + specifying a Unicode character by code point in a UTF mode. It is not allowed in non-UTF mode. - In UTF mode, repeat quantifiers apply to complete UTF characters, not + In UTF mode, repeat quantifiers apply to complete UTF characters, not to individual code units. In UTF mode, the dot metacharacter matches one UTF character instead of @@ -11168,7 +11517,7 @@ WIDE CHARACTERS AND UTF MODES The escape sequence \C can be used to match a single code unit in UTF mode, but its use can lead to some strange effects because it breaks up - multi-unit characters (see the description of \C in the pcre2pattern + multi-unit characters (see the description of \C in the pcre2pattern documentation). For this reason, there is a build-time option that dis- ables support for \C completely. There is also a less draconian com- pile-time option for locking out the use of \C when a pattern is com- @@ -11176,8 +11525,8 @@ WIDE CHARACTERS AND UTF MODES The use of \C is not supported by the alternative matching function pcre2_dfa_match() when in UTF-8 or UTF-16 mode, that is, when a charac- - ter may consist of more than one code unit. The use of \C in these - modes provokes a match-time error. Also, the JIT optimization does not + ter may consist of more than one code unit. The use of \C in these + modes provokes a match-time error. Also, the JIT optimization does not support \C in these modes. If JIT optimization is requested for a UTF-8 or UTF-16 pattern that contains \C, it will not succeed, and so when pcre2_match() is called, the matching will be carried out by the inter- @@ -11188,21 +11537,24 @@ WIDE CHARACTERS AND UTF MODES PCRE2 recognizes as digits, spaces, or word characters remain the same set as in non-UTF mode, all with code points less than 256. This re- mains true even when PCRE2 is built to include Unicode support, because - to do otherwise would slow down matching in many common cases. Note - that this also applies to \b and \B, because they are defined in terms - of \w and \W. If you want to test for a wider sense of, say, "digit", - you can use explicit Unicode property tests such as \p{Nd}. Alterna- + to do otherwise would slow down matching in many common cases. Note + that this also applies to \b and \B, because they are defined in terms + of \w and \W. If you want to test for a wider sense of, say, "digit", + you can use explicit Unicode property tests such as \p{Nd}. Alterna- tively, if you set the PCRE2_UCP option, the way that the character es- capes work is changed so that Unicode properties are used to determine - which characters match. There are more details in the section on - generic character types in the pcre2pattern documentation. + which characters match, though there are some options that suppress + this for individual escapes. For details see the section on generic + character types in the pcre2pattern documentation. - Similarly, characters that match the POSIX named character classes are - all low-valued characters, unless the PCRE2_UCP option is set. + Like the escapes, characters that match the POSIX named character + classes are all low-valued characters unless the PCRE2_UCP option is + set, but there is an option to override this. - However, the special horizontal and vertical white space matching es- - capes (\h, \H, \v, and \V) do match all the appropriate Unicode charac- - ters, whether or not PCRE2_UCP is set. + In contrast to the character escapes and character classes, the special + horizontal and vertical white space escapes (\h, \H, \v, and \V) do + match all the appropriate Unicode characters, whether or not PCRE2_UCP + is set. UNICODE CASE-EQUIVALENCE @@ -11216,19 +11568,27 @@ UNICODE CASE-EQUIVALENCE PCRE2_UTF allows Unicode-style case processing for non-UTF character encodings such as UCS-2. + There are two ASCII characters (S and K) that, in addition to their + ASCII lower case equivalents, have a non-ASCII one as well (long S and + Kelvin sign). Recognition of these non-ASCII characters as case-equiv- + alent to their ASCII counterparts can be disabled by setting the + PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT option. When this is set, all characters + in a case equivalence must either be ASCII or non-ASCII; there can be + no mixing. + SCRIPT RUNS - The pattern constructs (*script_run:...) and (*atomic_script_run:...), - with synonyms (*sr:...) and (*asr:...), verify that the string matched - within the parentheses is a script run. In concept, a script run is a - sequence of characters that are all from the same Unicode script. How- + The pattern constructs (*script_run:...) and (*atomic_script_run:...), + with synonyms (*sr:...) and (*asr:...), verify that the string matched + within the parentheses is a script run. In concept, a script run is a + sequence of characters that are all from the same Unicode script. How- ever, because some scripts are commonly used together, and because some diacritical and other marks are used with multiple scripts, it is not that simple. Every Unicode character has a Script property, mostly with a value cor- - responding to the name of a script, such as Latin, Greek, or Cyrillic. + responding to the name of a script, such as Latin, Greek, or Cyrillic. There are also three special values: "Unknown" is used for code points that have not been assigned, and also @@ -11245,8 +11605,8 @@ SCRIPT RUNS ify a previous character. These are considered to take on the script of the character that they modify. - Some Inherited characters are used with many scripts, but many of them - are only normally used with a small number of scripts. For example, + Some Inherited characters are used with many scripts, but many of them + are only normally used with a small number of scripts. For example, U+102E0 (Coptic Epact thousands mark) is used only with Arabic and Cop- tic. In order to make it possible to check this, a Unicode property called Script Extension exists. Its value is a list of scripts that ap- @@ -11257,9 +11617,9 @@ SCRIPT RUNS their Script Extension list. The next section describes the basic rules for deciding whether a given - string of characters is a script run. Note, however, that there are - some special cases involving the Chinese Han script, and an additional - constraint for decimal digits. These are covered in subsequent sec- + string of characters is a script run. Note, however, that there are + some special cases involving the Chinese Han script, and an additional + constraint for decimal digits. These are covered in subsequent sec- tions. Basic script run rules @@ -11271,81 +11631,81 @@ SCRIPT RUNS If a character's Script Extension property is the single value "Inher- ited", it is always accepted as part of a script run. This is also true - for the property "Common", subject to the checking of decimal digits + for the property "Common", subject to the checking of decimal digits described below. All the remaining characters in a script run must have at least one script in common in their Script Extension lists. In set- theoretic terminology, the intersection of all the sets of scripts must not be empty. - A simple example is an Internet name such as "google.com". The letters + A simple example is an Internet name such as "google.com". The letters are all in the Latin script, and the dot is Common, so this string is a script run. However, the Cyrillic letter "o" looks exactly the same as - the Latin "o"; a string that looks the same, but with Cyrillic "o"s is + the Latin "o"; a string that looks the same, but with Cyrillic "o"s is not a script run. - More interesting examples involve characters with more than one script + More interesting examples involve characters with more than one script in their Script Extension. Consider the following characters: U+060C Arabic comma U+06D4 Arabic full stop - The first has the Script Extension list Arabic, Hanifi Rohingya, Syr- - iac, and Thaana; the second has just Arabic and Hanifi Rohingya. Both - of them could appear in script runs of either Arabic or Hanifi Ro- - hingya. The first could also appear in Syriac or Thaana script runs, + The first has the Script Extension list Arabic, Hanifi Rohingya, Syr- + iac, and Thaana; the second has just Arabic and Hanifi Rohingya. Both + of them could appear in script runs of either Arabic or Hanifi Ro- + hingya. The first could also appear in Syriac or Thaana script runs, but the second could not. The Chinese Han script - The Chinese Han script is commonly used in conjunction with other - scripts for writing certain languages. Japanese uses the Hiragana and - Katakana scripts together with Han; Korean uses Hangul and Han; Tai- - wanese Mandarin uses Bopomofo and Han. These three combinations are - treated as special cases when checking script runs and are, in effect, - "virtual scripts". Thus, a script run may contain a mixture of Hira- - gana, Katakana, and Han, or a mixture of Hangul and Han, or a mixture - of Bopomofo and Han, but not, for example, a mixture of Hangul and - Bopomofo and Han. PCRE2 (like Perl) follows Unicode's Technical Stan- - dard 39 ("Unicode Security Mechanisms", http://unicode.org/re- + The Chinese Han script is commonly used in conjunction with other + scripts for writing certain languages. Japanese uses the Hiragana and + Katakana scripts together with Han; Korean uses Hangul and Han; Tai- + wanese Mandarin uses Bopomofo and Han. These three combinations are + treated as special cases when checking script runs and are, in effect, + "virtual scripts". Thus, a script run may contain a mixture of Hira- + gana, Katakana, and Han, or a mixture of Hangul and Han, or a mixture + of Bopomofo and Han, but not, for example, a mixture of Hangul and + Bopomofo and Han. PCRE2 (like Perl) follows Unicode's Technical Stan- + dard 39 ("Unicode Security Mechanisms", http://unicode.org/re- ports/tr39/) in allowing such mixtures. Decimal digits - Unicode contains many sets of 10 decimal digits in different scripts, - and some scripts (including the Common script) contain more than one - set. Some of these decimal digits them are visually indistinguishable - from the common ASCII digits. In addition to the script checking de- - scribed above, if a script run contains any decimal digits, they must + Unicode contains many sets of 10 decimal digits in different scripts, + and some scripts (including the Common script) contain more than one + set. Some of these decimal digits them are visually indistinguishable + from the common ASCII digits. In addition to the script checking de- + scribed above, if a script run contains any decimal digits, they must all come from the same set of 10 adjacent characters. VALIDITY OF UTF STRINGS - When the PCRE2_UTF option is set, the strings passed as patterns and + When the PCRE2_UTF option is set, the strings passed as patterns and subjects are (by default) checked for validity on entry to the relevant functions. If an invalid UTF string is passed, a negative error code is - returned. The code unit offset to the offending character can be ex- - tracted from the match data block by calling pcre2_get_startchar(), + returned. The code unit offset to the offending character can be ex- + tracted from the match data block by calling pcre2_get_startchar(), which is used for this purpose after a UTF error. - In some situations, you may already know that your strings are valid, - and therefore want to skip these checks in order to improve perfor- - mance, for example in the case of a long subject string that is being - scanned repeatedly. If you set the PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK option at com- - pile time or at match time, PCRE2 assumes that the pattern or subject + In some situations, you may already know that your strings are valid, + and therefore want to skip these checks in order to improve perfor- + mance, for example in the case of a long subject string that is being + scanned repeatedly. If you set the PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK option at com- + pile time or at match time, PCRE2 assumes that the pattern or subject it is given (respectively) contains only valid UTF code unit sequences. - If you pass an invalid UTF string when PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK is set, the - result is undefined and your program may crash or loop indefinitely or - give incorrect results. There is, however, one mode of matching that - can handle invalid UTF subject strings. This is enabled by passing - PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF to pcre2_compile() and is discussed below in - the next section. The rest of this section covers the case when + If you pass an invalid UTF string when PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK is set, the + result is undefined and your program may crash or loop indefinitely or + give incorrect results. There is, however, one mode of matching that + can handle invalid UTF subject strings. This is enabled by passing + PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF to pcre2_compile() and is discussed below in + the next section. The rest of this section covers the case when PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF is not set. - Passing PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK to pcre2_compile() just disables the UTF - check for the pattern; it does not also apply to subject strings. If - you want to disable the check for a subject string you must pass this + Passing PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK to pcre2_compile() just disables the UTF + check for the pattern; it does not also apply to subject strings. If + you want to disable the check for a subject string you must pass this same option to pcre2_match() or pcre2_dfa_match(). UTF-16 and UTF-32 strings can indicate their endianness by special code @@ -11356,33 +11716,33 @@ VALIDITY OF UTF STRINGS other processing takes place. In the case of pcre2_match() and pcre2_dfa_match() calls with a non-zero starting offset, the check is applied only to that part of the subject that could be inspected during - matching, and there is a check that the starting offset points to the - first code unit of a character or to the end of the subject. If there - are no lookbehind assertions in the pattern, the check starts at the - starting offset. Otherwise, it starts at the length of the longest - lookbehind before the starting offset, or at the start of the subject - if there are not that many characters before the starting offset. Note + matching, and there is a check that the starting offset points to the + first code unit of a character or to the end of the subject. If there + are no lookbehind assertions in the pattern, the check starts at the + starting offset. Otherwise, it starts at the length of the longest + lookbehind before the starting offset, or at the start of the subject + if there are not that many characters before the starting offset. Note that the sequences \b and \B are one-character lookbehinds. - In addition to checking the format of the string, there is a check to + In addition to checking the format of the string, there is a check to ensure that all code points lie in the range U+0 to U+10FFFF, excluding the surrogate area. The so-called "non-character" code points are not excluded because Unicode corrigendum #9 makes it clear that they should not be. - Characters in the "Surrogate Area" of Unicode are reserved for use by - UTF-16, where they are used in pairs to encode code points with values - greater than 0xFFFF. The code points that are encoded by UTF-16 pairs - are available independently in the UTF-8 and UTF-32 encodings. (In - other words, the whole surrogate thing is a fudge for UTF-16 which un- + Characters in the "Surrogate Area" of Unicode are reserved for use by + UTF-16, where they are used in pairs to encode code points with values + greater than 0xFFFF. The code points that are encoded by UTF-16 pairs + are available independently in the UTF-8 and UTF-32 encodings. (In + other words, the whole surrogate thing is a fudge for UTF-16 which un- fortunately messes up UTF-8 and UTF-32.) - Setting PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK at compile time does not disable the error - that is given if an escape sequence for an invalid Unicode code point - is encountered in the pattern. If you want to allow escape sequences - such as \x{d800} (a surrogate code point) you can set the PCRE2_EX- - TRA_ALLOW_SURROGATE_ESCAPES extra option. However, this is possible - only in UTF-8 and UTF-32 modes, because these values are not repre- + Setting PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK at compile time does not disable the error + that is given if an escape sequence for an invalid Unicode code point + is encountered in the pattern. If you want to allow escape sequences + such as \x{d800} (a surrogate code point) you can set the PCRE2_EX- + TRA_ALLOW_SURROGATE_ESCAPES extra option. However, this is possible + only in UTF-8 and UTF-32 modes, because these values are not repre- sentable in UTF-16. Errors in UTF-8 strings @@ -11395,10 +11755,10 @@ VALIDITY OF UTF STRINGS PCRE2_ERROR_UTF8_ERR4 PCRE2_ERROR_UTF8_ERR5 - The string ends with a truncated UTF-8 character; the code specifies - how many bytes are missing (1 to 5). Although RFC 3629 restricts UTF-8 - characters to be no longer than 4 bytes, the encoding scheme (origi- - nally defined by RFC 2279) allows for up to 6 bytes, and this is + The string ends with a truncated UTF-8 character; the code specifies + how many bytes are missing (1 to 5). Although RFC 3629 restricts UTF-8 + characters to be no longer than 4 bytes, the encoding scheme (origi- + nally defined by RFC 2279) allows for up to 6 bytes, and this is checked first; hence the possibility of 4 or 5 missing bytes. PCRE2_ERROR_UTF8_ERR6 @@ -11424,8 +11784,8 @@ VALIDITY OF UTF STRINGS PCRE2_ERROR_UTF8_ERR14 - A 3-byte character has a value in the range 0xd800 to 0xdfff; this - range of code points are reserved by RFC 3629 for use with UTF-16, and + A 3-byte character has a value in the range 0xd800 to 0xdfff; this + range of code points are reserved by RFC 3629 for use with UTF-16, and so are excluded from UTF-8. PCRE2_ERROR_UTF8_ERR15 @@ -11434,9 +11794,9 @@ VALIDITY OF UTF STRINGS PCRE2_ERROR_UTF8_ERR18 PCRE2_ERROR_UTF8_ERR19 - A 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-byte character is "overlong", that is, it codes - for a value that can be represented by fewer bytes, which is invalid. - For example, the two bytes 0xc0, 0xae give the value 0x2e, whose cor- + A 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-byte character is "overlong", that is, it codes + for a value that can be represented by fewer bytes, which is invalid. + For example, the two bytes 0xc0, 0xae give the value 0x2e, whose cor- rect coding uses just one byte. PCRE2_ERROR_UTF8_ERR20 @@ -11473,24 +11833,31 @@ VALIDITY OF UTF STRINGS MATCHING IN INVALID UTF STRINGS You can run pattern matches on subject strings that may contain invalid - UTF sequences if you call pcre2_compile() with the PCRE2_MATCH_IN- - VALID_UTF option. This is supported by pcre2_match(), including JIT + UTF sequences if you call pcre2_compile() with the PCRE2_MATCH_IN- + VALID_UTF option. This is supported by pcre2_match(), including JIT matching, but not by pcre2_dfa_match(). When PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF is set, it forces PCRE2_UTF to be set as well. Note, however, that the pattern itself must be a valid UTF string. - Setting PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF does not affect what pcre2_compile() - generates, but if pcre2_jit_compile() is subsequently called, it does + If you do not set PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF when calling pcre2_compile, + and you are not certain that your subject strings are valid UTF se- + quences, you should not make use of the JIT "fast path" function + pcre2_jit_match() because it bypasses sanity checks, including the one + for UTF validity. An invalid string may cause undefined behaviour, in- + cluding looping, crashing, or giving the wrong answer. + + Setting PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF does not affect what pcre2_compile() + generates, but if pcre2_jit_compile() is subsequently called, it does generate different code. If JIT is not used, the option affects the be- haviour of the interpretive code in pcre2_match(). When PCRE2_MATCH_IN- - VALID_UTF is set at compile time, PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK is ignored at + VALID_UTF is set at compile time, PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK is ignored at match time. - In this mode, an invalid code unit sequence in the subject never - matches any pattern item. It does not match dot, it does not match - \p{Any}, it does not even match negative items such as [^X]. A lookbe- - hind assertion fails if it encounters an invalid sequence while moving - the current point backwards. In other words, an invalid UTF code unit + In this mode, an invalid code unit sequence in the subject never + matches any pattern item. It does not match dot, it does not match + \p{Any}, it does not even match negative items such as [^X]. A lookbe- + hind assertion fails if it encounters an invalid sequence while moving + the current point backwards. In other words, an invalid UTF code unit sequence acts as a barrier which no match can cross. You can also think of this as the subject being split up into fragments @@ -11508,15 +11875,20 @@ MATCHING IN INVALID UTF STRINGS next valid UTF character, or the end of the subject. At internal fragment boundaries, \b and \B behave in the same way as at - the beginning and end of the subject. For example, a sequence such as - \bWORD\b would match an instance of WORD that is surrounded by invalid + the beginning and end of the subject. For example, a sequence such as + \bWORD\b would match an instance of WORD that is surrounded by invalid UTF code units. - Using PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF, an application can run matches on arbi- - trary data, knowing that any matched strings that are returned are + Using PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF, an application can run matches on arbi- + trary data, knowing that any matched strings that are returned are valid UTF. This can be useful when searching for UTF text in executable or other binary files. + Note, however, that the 16-bit and 32-bit PCRE2 libraries process + strings as sequences of uint16_t or uint32_t code points. They cannot + find valid UTF sequences within an arbitrary string of bytes unless + such sequences are suitably aligned. + AUTHOR @@ -11527,8 +11899,11 @@ AUTHOR REVISION - Last updated: 22 December 2021 - Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Last updated: 12 October 2023 + Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. +PCRE2 10.43 04 February 2023 PCRE2UNICODE(3) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_compile.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_compile.3 index 58a60c1..c830c63 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_compile.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_compile.3 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2_COMPILE 3 "23 May 2019" "PCRE2 10.34" +.TH PCRE2_COMPILE 3 "17 July 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .SH SYNOPSIS @@ -20,24 +20,26 @@ arguments are: .sp \fIpattern\fP A string containing expression to be compiled \fIlength\fP The length of the string or PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED - \fIoptions\fP Option bits + \fIoptions\fP Primary option bits \fIerrorcode\fP Where to put an error code \fIerroffset\fP Where to put an error offset \fIccontext\fP Pointer to a compile context or NULL .sp The length of the pattern and any error offset that is returned are in code -units, not characters. A compile context is needed only if you want to provide -custom memory allocation functions, or to provide an external function for -system stack size checking, or to change one or more of these parameters: +units, not characters. A NULL pattern with zero length is treated as an empty +string. A compile context is needed only if you want to provide custom memory +allocation functions, or to provide an external function for system stack size +checking (see \fBpcre2_set_compile_recursion_guard()\fP), or to change one or +more of these parameters: .sp What \eR matches (Unicode newlines, or CR, LF, CRLF only); PCRE2's character tables; The newline character sequence; The compile time nested parentheses limit; - The maximum pattern length (in code units) that is allowed. - The additional options bits (see pcre2_set_compile_extra_options()) + The maximum pattern length (in code units) that is allowed; + The additional options bits. .sp -The option bits are: +The primary option bits are: .sp PCRE2_ANCHORED Force pattern anchoring PCRE2_ALLOW_EMPTY_CLASS Allow empty classes @@ -80,8 +82,17 @@ Additional options may be set in the compile context via the .\" function. .P -The yield of this function is a pointer to a private data structure that -contains the compiled pattern, or NULL if an error was detected. +If either of \fIerrorcode\fP or \fIerroroffset\fP is NULL, the function returns +NULL immediately. Otherwise, the yield of this function is a pointer to a +private data structure that contains the compiled pattern, or NULL if an error +was detected. In the error case, a text error message can be obtained by +passing the value returned via the \fIerrorcode\fP argument to the the +\fBpcre2_get_error_message()\fP function. The offset (in code units) where the +error was encountered is returned via the \fIerroroffset\fP argument. +.P +If there is no error, the value passed via \fIerrorcode\fP returns the message +"no error" if passed to \fBpcre2_get_error_message()\fP, and the value passed +via \fIerroroffset\fP is zero. .P There is a complete description of the PCRE2 native API, with more detail on each option, in the diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_general_context_create.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_general_context_create.3 index a3e6c10..e204a95 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_general_context_create.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_general_context_create.3 @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .PP .nf .B pcre2_general_context *pcre2_general_context_create( -.B " void *(*\fIprivate_malloc\fP)(PCRE2_SIZE, void *)," +.B " void *(*\fIprivate_malloc\fP)(size_t, void *)," .B " void (*\fIprivate_free\fP)(void *, void *), void *\fImemory_data\fP);" .fi . diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1eba42b --- /dev/null +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size.3 @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +.TH PCRE2_GET_MATCH_DATA_HEAPFRAMES_SIZE 3 "13 January 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" +.SH NAME +PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) +.SH SYNOPSIS +.rs +.sp +.B #include +.PP +.nf +.B PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size( +.B " pcre2_match_data *\fImatch_data\fP);" +.fi +. +.SH DESCRIPTION +.rs +.sp +This function returns the size, in bytes, of the heapframes data block that is +owned by its argument. +.P +There is a complete description of the PCRE2 native API in the +.\" HREF +\fBpcre2api\fP +.\" +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +.\" HREF +\fBpcre2posix\fP +.\" +page. diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_jit_match.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_jit_match.3 index 5877fcb..72c4bc1 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_jit_match.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_jit_match.3 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2_JIT_MATCH 3 "11 February 2020" "PCRE2 10.35" +.TH PCRE2_JIT_MATCH 3 "20 January 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .SH SYNOPSIS @@ -20,7 +20,15 @@ This function matches a compiled regular expression that has been successfully processed by the JIT compiler against a given subject string, using a matching algorithm that is similar to Perl's. It is a "fast path" interface to JIT, and it bypasses some of the sanity checks that \fBpcre2_match()\fP applies. -Its arguments are exactly the same as for +.P +In UTF mode, the subject string is not checked for UTF validity. Unless +PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF was set when the pattern was compiled, passing an +invalid UTF string results in undefined behaviour. Your program may crash or +loop or give wrong results. In the absence of PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF you +should only call \fBpcre2_jit_match()\fP in UTF mode if you are sure the +subject is valid. +.P +The arguments for \fBpcre2_jit_match()\fP are exactly the same as for .\" HREF \fBpcre2_match()\fP, .\" @@ -29,7 +37,7 @@ PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED is not supported. .P The supported options are PCRE2_NOTBOL, PCRE2_NOTEOL, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD, and PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT. Unsupported -options are ignored. The subject string is not checked for UTF validity. +options are ignored. .P The return values are the same as for \fBpcre2_match()\fP plus PCRE2_ERROR_JIT_BADOPTION if a matching mode (partial or complete) is requested diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_jit_stack_create.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_jit_stack_create.3 index d332b72..74cdb1d 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_jit_stack_create.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_jit_stack_create.3 @@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .B #include .PP .nf -.B pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(PCRE2_SIZE \fIstartsize\fP, -.B " PCRE2_SIZE \fImaxsize\fP, pcre2_general_context *\fIgcontext\fP);" +.B pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(size_t \fIstartsize\fP, +.B " size_t \fImaxsize\fP, pcre2_general_context *\fIgcontext\fP);" .fi . .SH DESCRIPTION diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_match_data_create_from_pattern.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_match_data_create_from_pattern.3 index 37486dd..829bf6c 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_match_data_create_from_pattern.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_match_data_create_from_pattern.3 @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ offsets that are required in the match data block. These form the "output vector" (ovector) within the match data block, and are used to identify the matched string and any captured substrings when matching with \fBpcre2_match()\fP. If you are using \fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP, which uses the -outut vector in a different way, you should use \fBpcre2_match_data_create()\fP +output vector in a different way, you should use \fBpcre2_match_data_create()\fP instead of this function. .P The second argument points to a general context, for custom memory management, diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_match_data_free.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_match_data_free.3 index cebdef9..202035a 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_match_data_free.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_match_data_free.3 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2_MATCH_DATA_FREE 3 "16 October 2018" "PCRE2 10.33" +.TH PCRE2_MATCH_DATA_FREE 3 "18 January 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .SH SYNOPSIS @@ -16,11 +16,13 @@ PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) If \fImatch_data\fP is NULL, this function does nothing. Otherwise, \fImatch_data\fP must point to a match data block, which this function frees, using the memory freeing function from the general context or compiled pattern -with which it was created, or \fBfree()\fP if that was not set. +with which it was created, or \fBfree()\fP if that was not set. If the match +data block was previously passed to \fBpcre2_match()\fP, it will have an +attached heapframe vector; this is also freed. .P If the PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT was used for a successful match using this -match data block, the copy of the subject that was remembered with the block is -also freed. +match data block, the copy of the subject that was referenced within the block +is also freed. .P There is a complete description of the PCRE2 native API in the .\" HREF diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_serialize_decode.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_serialize_decode.3 index b67a112..611113f 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_serialize_decode.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_serialize_decode.3 @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ the following negative error codes: PCRE2_ERROR_BADDATA \fInumber_of_codes\fP is zero or less PCRE2_ERROR_BADMAGIC mismatch of id bytes in \fIbytes\fP PCRE2_ERROR_BADMODE mismatch of variable unit size or PCRE version - PCRE2_ERROR_MEMORY memory allocation failed + PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY memory allocation failed PCRE2_ERROR_NULL \fIcodes\fP or \fIbytes\fP is NULL .sp PCRE2_ERROR_BADMAGIC may mean that the data is corrupt, or that it was compiled diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_set_compile_extra_options.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_set_compile_extra_options.3 index 0dcc8de..a1e07e9 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_set_compile_extra_options.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_set_compile_extra_options.3 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2_SET_COMPILE_EXTRA_OPTIONS 3 "31 August 2021" "PCRE2 10.38" +.TH PCRE2_SET_COMPILE_EXTRA_OPTIONS 3 "03 February 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .SH SYNOPSIS @@ -25,9 +25,21 @@ options are: .\" JOIN PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX Extended alternate \eu, \eU, and \ex handling + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSD \ed remains ASCII in UCP mode + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSS \es remains ASCII in UCP mode + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSW \ew remains ASCII in UCP mode +.\" JOIN + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT [:digit:] and [:xdigit:] POSIX classes + remain ASCII in UCP mode +.\" JOIN + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX POSIX classes remain ASCII in + UCP mode .\" JOIN PCRE2_EXTRA_BAD_ESCAPE_IS_LITERAL Treat all invalid escapes as a literal following character +.\" JOIN + PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT Disable mixed ASCII/non-ASCII + case folding PCRE2_EXTRA_ESCAPED_CR_IS_LF Interpret \er as \en PCRE2_EXTRA_MATCH_LINE Pattern matches whole lines PCRE2_EXTRA_MATCH_WORD Pattern matches "words" diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84639d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind.3 @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +.TH PCRE2_SET_NEWLINE 3 "09 August 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" +.SH NAME +PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) +.SH SYNOPSIS +.rs +.sp +.B #include +.PP +.nf +.B int pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind(pcre2_compile_context *\fIccontext\fP, +.B " uint32_t \fIvalue\fP);" +.fi +. +.SH DESCRIPTION +.rs +.sp +This sets a maximum length for the number of characters matched by a +variable-length lookbehind assertion. The default is set when PCRE2 is built, +with the ultimate default being 255, the same as Perl. Lookbehind assertions +without a bounding length are not supported. The result is always zero. +.P +There is a complete description of the PCRE2 native API in the +.\" HREF +\fBpcre2api\fP +.\" +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +.\" HREF +\fBpcre2posix\fP +.\" +page. diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_set_recursion_memory_management.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_set_recursion_memory_management.3 index 12f175d..743c288 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2_set_recursion_memory_management.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2_set_recursion_memory_management.3 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .nf .B int pcre2_set_recursion_memory_management( .B " pcre2_match_context *\fImcontext\fP," -.B " void *(*\fIprivate_malloc\fP)(PCRE2_SIZE, void *)," +.B " void *(*\fIprivate_malloc\fP)(size_t, void *)," .B " void (*\fIprivate_free\fP)(void *, void *), void *\fImemory_data\fP);" .fi . diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2api.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2api.3 index edde3db..c183aee 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2api.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2api.3 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2API 3 "14 December 2021" "PCRE2 10.40" +.TH PCRE2API 3 "12 October 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .sp @@ -49,6 +49,11 @@ document for an overview of all the PCRE2 documentation. .nf .B PCRE2_SPTR pcre2_get_mark(pcre2_match_data *\fImatch_data\fP); .sp +.B PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_size(pcre2_match_data *\fImatch_data\fP); +.sp +.B PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size( +.B " pcre2_match_data *\fImatch_data\fP);" +.sp .B uint32_t pcre2_get_ovector_count(pcre2_match_data *\fImatch_data\fP); .sp .B PCRE2_SIZE *pcre2_get_ovector_pointer(pcre2_match_data *\fImatch_data\fP); @@ -96,6 +101,9 @@ document for an overview of all the PCRE2 documentation. .B int pcre2_set_max_pattern_length(pcre2_compile_context *\fIccontext\fP, .B " PCRE2_SIZE \fIvalue\fP);" .sp +.B int pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind(pcre2_compile_contest *\fIccontext\fP, +.B " uint32_t \fIvalue\fP); +.sp .B int pcre2_set_newline(pcre2_compile_context *\fIccontext\fP, .B " uint32_t \fIvalue\fP);" .sp @@ -206,8 +214,8 @@ document for an overview of all the PCRE2 documentation. .sp .B void pcre2_jit_free_unused_memory(pcre2_general_context *\fIgcontext\fP); .sp -.B pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(PCRE2_SIZE \fIstartsize\fP, -.B " PCRE2_SIZE \fImaxsize\fP, pcre2_general_context *\fIgcontext\fP);" +.B pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(size_t \fIstartsize\fP, +.B " size_t \fImaxsize\fP, pcre2_general_context *\fIgcontext\fP);" .sp .B void pcre2_jit_stack_assign(pcre2_match_context *\fImcontext\fP, .B " pcre2_jit_callback \fIcallback_function\fP, void *\fIcallback_data\fP);" @@ -270,7 +278,7 @@ document for an overview of all the PCRE2 documentation. .sp .B int pcre2_set_recursion_memory_management( .B " pcre2_match_context *\fImcontext\fP," -.B " void *(*\fIprivate_malloc\fP)(PCRE2_SIZE, void *)," +.B " void *(*\fIprivate_malloc\fP)(size_t, void *)," .B " void (*\fIprivate_free\fP)(void *, void *), void *\fImemory_data\fP);" .fi .sp @@ -324,10 +332,8 @@ This contains the function prototypes and other definitions for all three libraries. One, two, or all three can be installed simultaneously. On Unix-like systems the libraries are called \fBlibpcre2-8\fP, \fBlibpcre2-16\fP, and \fBlibpcre2-32\fP, and they can also co-exist with the original PCRE libraries. -.P -Character strings are passed to and from a PCRE2 library as a sequence of -unsigned integers in code units of the appropriate width. Every PCRE2 function -comes in three different forms, one for each library, for example: +Every PCRE2 function comes in three different forms, one for each library, for +example: .sp \fBpcre2_compile_8()\fP \fBpcre2_compile_16()\fP @@ -343,6 +349,11 @@ example, PCRE2_UCHAR16 is usually defined as `uint16_t'. The SPTR types are constant pointers to the equivalent UCHAR types, that is, they are pointers to vectors of unsigned code units. .P +Character strings are passed to a PCRE2 library as sequences of unsigned +integers in code units of the appropriate width. The length of a string may +be given as a number of code units, or the string may be specified as +zero-terminated. +.P Many applications use only one code unit width. For their convenience, macros are defined whose names are the generic forms such as \fBpcre2_compile()\fP and PCRE2_SPTR. These macros use the value of the macro PCRE2_CODE_UNIT_WIDTH to @@ -490,7 +501,8 @@ unsigned integer type, currently always defined as \fIsize_t\fP. The largest value that can be stored in such a type (that is ~(PCRE2_SIZE)0) is reserved as a special indicator for zero-terminated strings and unset offsets. Therefore, the longest string that can be handled is one less than this -maximum. +maximum. Note that string lengths are always given in code units. Only in the +8-bit library is such a length the same as the number of bytes in the string. . . .\" HTML @@ -793,6 +805,16 @@ external sources can limit their size. The default is the largest number that a PCRE2_SIZE variable can hold, which is effectively unlimited. .sp .nf +.B int pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind(pcre2_compile_contest *\fIccontext\fP, +.B " uint32_t \fIvalue\fP); +.fi +.sp +This sets a maximum length for the number of characters matched by a +variable-length lookbehind assertion. The default is set when PCRE2 is built, +with the ultimate default being 255, the same as Perl. Lookbehind assertions +without a bounding length are not supported. +.sp +.nf .B int pcre2_set_newline(pcre2_compile_context *\fIccontext\fP, .B " uint32_t \fIvalue\fP);" .fi @@ -953,7 +975,7 @@ has its own memory control arrangements (see the documentation for more details). If the limit is reached, the negative error code PCRE2_ERROR_HEAPLIMIT is returned. The default limit can be set when PCRE2 is built; if it is not, the default is set very large and is essentially -"unlimited". +unlimited. .P A value for the heap limit may also be supplied by an item at the start of a pattern of the form @@ -964,18 +986,18 @@ where ddd is a decimal number. However, such a setting is ignored unless ddd is less than the limit set by the caller of \fBpcre2_match()\fP or, if no such limit is set, less than the default. .P -The \fBpcre2_match()\fP function starts out using a 20KiB vector on the system -stack for recording backtracking points. The more nested backtracking points -there are (that is, the deeper the search tree), the more memory is needed. -Heap memory is used only if the initial vector is too small. If the heap limit -is set to a value less than 21 (in particular, zero) no heap memory will be -used. In this case, only patterns that do not have a lot of nested backtracking -can be successfully processed. +The \fBpcre2_match()\fP function always needs some heap memory, so setting a +value of zero guarantees a "heap limit exceeded" error. Details of how +\fBpcre2_match()\fP uses the heap are given in the +.\" HREF +\fBpcre2perform\fP +.\" +documentation. .P -Similarly, for \fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP, a vector on the system stack is used -when processing pattern recursions, lookarounds, or atomic groups, and only if -this is not big enough is heap memory used. In this case, too, setting a value -of zero disables the use of the heap. +For \fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP, a vector on the system stack is used when +processing pattern recursions, lookarounds, or atomic groups, and only if this +is not big enough is heap memory used. In this case, setting a value of zero +disables the use of the heap. .sp .nf .B int pcre2_set_match_limit(pcre2_match_context *\fImcontext\fP, @@ -1019,10 +1041,10 @@ less than the limit set by the caller of \fBpcre2_match()\fP or .fi .sp This parameter limits the depth of nested backtracking in \fBpcre2_match()\fP. -Each time a nested backtracking point is passed, a new memory "frame" is used +Each time a nested backtracking point is passed, a new memory frame is used to remember the state of matching at that point. Thus, this parameter indirectly limits the amount of memory that is used in a match. However, -because the size of each memory "frame" depends on the number of capturing +because the size of each memory frame depends on the number of capturing parentheses, the actual memory limit varies from pattern to pattern. This limit was more useful in versions before 10.30, where function recursion was used for backtracking. @@ -1115,7 +1137,13 @@ for the amount of heap memory used by \fBpcre2_match()\fP or PCRE2_CONFIG_JIT .sp The output is a uint32_t integer that is set to one if support for just-in-time -compiling is available; otherwise it is set to zero. +compiling is included in the library; otherwise it is set to zero. Note that +having the support in the library does not guarantee that JIT will be used for +any given match. See the +.\" HREF +\fBpcre2jit\fP +.\" +documentation for more details. .sp PCRE2_CONFIG_JITTARGET .sp @@ -1235,10 +1263,12 @@ zero. .fi .P The \fBpcre2_compile()\fP function compiles a pattern into an internal form. -The pattern is defined by a pointer to a string of code units and a length (in -code units). If the pattern is zero-terminated, the length can be specified as -PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED. The function returns a pointer to a block of memory that -contains the compiled pattern and related data, or NULL if an error occurred. +The pattern is defined by a pointer to a string of code units and a length in +code units. If the pattern is zero-terminated, the length can be specified as +PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED. A NULL pattern pointer with a length of zero is treated +as an empty string (NULL with a non-zero length causes an error return). The +function returns a pointer to a block of memory that contains the compiled +pattern and related data, or NULL if an error occurred. .P If the compile context argument \fIccontext\fP is NULL, memory for the compiled pattern is obtained by calling \fBmalloc()\fP. Otherwise, it is obtained from @@ -1323,8 +1353,7 @@ If \fIerrorcode\fP or \fIerroroffset\fP is NULL, \fBpcre2_compile()\fP returns NULL immediately. Otherwise, the variables to which these point are set to an error code and an offset (number of code units) within the pattern, respectively, when \fBpcre2_compile()\fP returns NULL because a compilation -error has occurred. The values are not defined when compilation is successful -and \fBpcre2_compile()\fP returns a non-NULL value. +error has occurred. .P There are nearly 100 positive error codes that \fBpcre2_compile()\fP may return if it finds an error in the pattern. There are also some negative error codes @@ -1343,14 +1372,17 @@ message" below) .\" should be self-explanatory. Macro names starting with PCRE2_ERROR_ are defined -for both positive and negative error codes in \fBpcre2.h\fP. +for both positive and negative error codes in \fBpcre2.h\fP. When compilation +is successful \fIerrorcode\fP is set to a value that returns the message "no +error" if passed to \fBpcre2_get_error_message()\fP. .P The value returned in \fIerroroffset\fP is an indication of where in the -pattern the error occurred. It is not necessarily the furthest point in the -pattern that was read. For example, after the error "lookbehind assertion is -not fixed length", the error offset points to the start of the failing -assertion. For an invalid UTF-8 or UTF-16 string, the offset is that of the -first code unit of the failing character. +pattern an error occurred. When there is no error, zero is returned. A non-zero +value is not necessarily the furthest point in the pattern that was read. For +example, after the error "lookbehind assertion is not fixed length", the error +offset points to the start of the failing assertion. For an invalid UTF-8 or +UTF-16 string, the offset is that of the first code unit of the failing +character. .P Some errors are not detected until the whole pattern has been scanned; in these cases, the offset passed back is the length of the pattern. Note that the @@ -1465,11 +1497,13 @@ PCRE2_UCP is set, Unicode properties are used for all characters with more than one other case, and for all characters whose code points are greater than U+007F. Note that there are two ASCII characters, K and S, that, in addition to their lower case ASCII equivalents, are case-equivalent with U+212A (Kelvin -sign) and U+017F (long S) respectively. For lower valued characters with only -one other case, a lookup table is used for speed. When neither PCRE2_UTF nor -PCRE2_UCP is set, a lookup table is used for all code points less than 256, and -higher code points (available only in 16-bit or 32-bit mode) are treated as not -having another case. +sign) and U+017F (long S) respectively. If you do not want this case +equivalence, you can suppress it by setting PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT. +.P +For lower valued characters with only one other case, a lookup table is used +for speed. When neither PCRE2_UTF nor PCRE2_UCP is set, a lookup table is used +for all code points less than 256, and higher code points (available only in +16-bit or 32-bit mode) are treated as not having another case. .sp PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY .sp @@ -1528,13 +1562,13 @@ the end of the subject. PCRE2_EXTENDED .sp If this bit is set, most white space characters in the pattern are totally -ignored except when escaped or inside a character class. However, white space -is not allowed within sequences such as (?> that introduce various -parenthesized groups, nor within numerical quantifiers such as {1,3}. Ignorable -white space is permitted between an item and a following quantifier and between -a quantifier and a following + that indicates possessiveness. PCRE2_EXTENDED is -equivalent to Perl's /x option, and it can be changed within a pattern by a -(?x) option setting. +ignored except when escaped, inside a character class, or inside a \eQ...\eE +sequence. However, white space is not allowed within sequences such as (?> that +introduce various parenthesized groups, nor within numerical quantifiers such +as {1,3}. Ignorable white space is permitted between an item and a following +quantifier and between a quantifier and a following + that indicates +possessiveness. PCRE2_EXTENDED is equivalent to Perl's /x option, and it can be +changed within a pattern by a (?x) option setting. .P When PCRE2 is compiled without Unicode support, PCRE2_EXTENDED recognizes as white space only those characters with code points less than 256 that are @@ -1613,7 +1647,11 @@ PCRE2_EXTRA_MATCH_WORD are also supported. Any other options cause an error. .sp This option forces PCRE2_UTF (see below) and also enables support for matching by \fBpcre2_match()\fP in subject strings that contain invalid UTF sequences. -This facility is not supported for DFA matching. For details, see the +Note, however, that the 16-bit and 32-bit PCRE2 libraries process strings as +sequences of uint16_t or uint32_t code points. They cannot find valid UTF +sequences within an arbitrary string of bytes unless such sequences are +suitably aligned. This facility is not supported for DFA matching. For details, +see the .\" HREF \fBpcre2unicode\fP .\" @@ -1815,8 +1853,9 @@ are not representable in UTF-16. This option has two effects. Firstly, it change the way PCRE2 processes \eB, \eb, \eD, \ed, \eS, \es, \eW, \ew, and some of the POSIX character classes. By default, only ASCII characters are recognized, but if PCRE2_UCP is set, Unicode -properties are used instead to classify characters. More details are given in -the section on +properties are used to classify characters. There are some PCRE2_EXTRA +options (see below) that add finer control to this behaviour. More details are +given in the section on .\" HTML .\" generic character types @@ -1825,14 +1864,15 @@ in the .\" HREF \fBpcre2pattern\fP .\" -page. If you set PCRE2_UCP, matching one of the items it affects takes much -longer. +page. .P The second effect of PCRE2_UCP is to force the use of Unicode properties for -upper/lower casing operations on characters with code points greater than 127, -even when PCRE2_UTF is not set. This makes it possible, for example, to process -strings in the 16-bit UCS-2 code. This option is available only if PCRE2 has -been compiled with Unicode support (which is the default). +upper/lower casing operations, even when PCRE2_UTF is not set. This makes it +possible to process strings in the 16-bit UCS-2 code. This option is available +only if PCRE2 has been compiled with Unicode support (which is the default). +The PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT option (see below) restricts caseless +matching such that ASCII characters match only ASCII characters and non-ASCII +characters match only non-ASCII characters. .sp PCRE2_UNGREEDY .sp @@ -1865,8 +1905,7 @@ behaviour of PCRE2 are given in the .\" HREF \fBpcre2unicode\fP .\" -page. In particular, note that it changes the way PCRE2_CASELESS handles -characters with code points greater than 127. +page. In particular, note that it changes the way PCRE2_CASELESS works. . . .\" HTML @@ -1912,6 +1951,37 @@ the way that ECMAscript (aka JavaScript) does. Additional functionality was defined by ECMAscript 6; setting PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX has the effect of PCRE2_ALT_BSUX, but in addition it recognizes \eu{hhh..} as a hexadecimal character code, where hhh.. is any number of hexadecimal digits. +.sp + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSD +.sp +This option forces \ed to match only ASCII digits, even when PCRE2_UCP is set. +It can be changed within a pattern by means of the (?aD) option setting. +.sp + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSS +.sp +This option forces \es to match only ASCII space characters, even when +PCRE2_UCP is set. It can be changed within a pattern by means of the (?aS) +option setting. +.sp + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSW +.sp +This option forces \ew to match only ASCII word characters, even when PCRE2_UCP +is set. It can be changed within a pattern by means of the (?aW) option +setting. +.sp + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT +.sp +This option forces the POSIX character classes [:digit:] and [:xdigit:] to +match only ASCII digits, even when PCRE2_UCP is set. It can be changed within +a pattern by means of the (?aT) option setting. +.sp + PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX +.sp +This option forces all the POSIX character classes, including [:digit:] and +[:xdigit:], to match only ASCII characters, even when PCRE2_UCP is set. It can +be changed within a pattern by means of the (?aP) option setting, but note that +this also sets PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT in order to ensure that (?-aP) unsets +all ASCII restrictions for POSIX classes. .sp PCRE2_EXTRA_BAD_ESCAPE_IS_LITERAL .sp @@ -1932,6 +2002,17 @@ that a sequence such as [\eN{] is interpreted as a malformed attempt at [\eN{...}] and so is treated as [N{] whereas [\eN] gives an error because an unqualified \eN is a valid escape sequence but is not supported in a character class. To reiterate: this is a dangerous option. Use with great care. +.sp + PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT +.sp +When either PCRE2_UCP or PCRE2_UTF is set, caseless matching follows Unicode +rules, which allow for more than two cases per character. There are two +case-equivalent character sets that contain both ASCII and non-ASCII +characters. The ASCII letter S is case-equivalent to U+017f (long S) and the +ASCII letter K is case-equivalent to U+212a (Kelvin sign). This option disables +recognition of case-equivalences that cross the ASCII/non-ASCII boundary. In a +caseless match, both characters must either be ASCII or non-ASCII. The option +can be changed with a pattern by the (?r) option setting. .sp PCRE2_EXTRA_ESCAPED_CR_IS_LF .sp @@ -1974,8 +2055,8 @@ also set. .sp .B void pcre2_jit_free_unused_memory(pcre2_general_context *\fIgcontext\fP); .sp -.B pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(PCRE2_SIZE \fIstartsize\fP, -.B " PCRE2_SIZE \fImaxsize\fP, pcre2_general_context *\fIgcontext\fP);" +.B pcre2_jit_stack *pcre2_jit_stack_create(size_t \fIstartsize\fP, +.B " size_t \fImaxsize\fP, pcre2_general_context *\fIgcontext\fP);" .sp .B void pcre2_jit_stack_assign(pcre2_match_context *\fImcontext\fP, .B " pcre2_jit_callback \fIcallback_function\fP, void *\fIcallback_data\fP);" @@ -2021,7 +2102,8 @@ PCRE2_UCP option can be set when a pattern is compiled; this causes \ew and friends to use Unicode property support instead of the built-in tables. PCRE2_UCP also causes upper/lower casing operations on characters with code points greater than 127 to use Unicode properties. These effects apply even -when PCRE2_UTF is not set. +when PCRE2_UTF is not set. There are, however, some PCRE2_EXTRA options (see +above) that can be used to modify or suppress them. .P The use of locales with Unicode is discouraged. If you are handling characters with code points greater than 127, you should either use Unicode support, or @@ -2517,7 +2599,9 @@ large enough to hold as many as are expected. A minimum of at least 1 pair is imposed by \fBpcre2_match_data_create()\fP, so it is always possible to return the overall matched string in the case of \fBpcre2_match()\fP or the longest match in the case of -\fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP. +\fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP. The maximum number of pairs is 65535; if the the first +argument of \fBpcre2_match_data_create()\fP is greater than this, 65535 is +used. .P The second argument of \fBpcre2_match_data_create()\fP is a pointer to a general context, which can specify custom memory management for obtaining the @@ -2569,6 +2653,45 @@ calling \fBpcre2_match_data_free()\fP. If this function is called with a NULL argument, it returns immediately, without doing anything. . . +.SH "MEMORY USE FOR MATCH DATA BLOCKS" +.rs +.sp +.nf +.B PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_size(pcre2_match_data *\fImatch_data\fP); +.sp +.B PCRE2_SIZE pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size( +.B " pcre2_match_data *\fImatch_data\fP);" +.fi +.P +The size of a match data block depends on the size of the ovector that it +contains. The function \fBpcre2_get_match_data_size()\fP returns the size, in +bytes, of the block that is its argument. +.P +When \fBpcre2_match()\fP runs interpretively (that is, without using JIT), it +makes use of a vector of data frames for remembering backtracking positions. +The size of each individual frame depends on the number of capturing +parentheses in the pattern and can be obtained by calling +\fBpcre2_pattern_info()\fP with the PCRE2_INFO_FRAMESIZE option (see the +section entitled "Information about a compiled pattern" +.\" HTML +.\" +above). +.\" +.P +Heap memory is used for the frames vector; if the initial memory block turns +out to be too small during matching, it is automatically expanded. When +\fBpcre2_match()\fP returns, the memory is not freed, but remains attached to +the match data block, for use by any subsequent matches that use the same +block. It is automatically freed when the match data block itself is freed. +.P +You can find the current size of the frames vector that a match data block owns +by calling \fBpcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size()\fP. For a newly created +match data block the size will be zero. Some types of match may require a lot +of frames and thus a large vector; applications that run in environments where +memory is constrained can check this and free the match data block if the heap +frames vector has become too big. +. +. .SH "MATCHING A PATTERN: THE TRADITIONAL FUNCTION" .rs .sp @@ -3160,11 +3283,11 @@ The backtracking match limit was reached. .sp PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY .sp -If a pattern contains many nested backtracking points, heap memory is used to -remember them. This error is given when the memory allocation function (default -or custom) fails. Note that a different error, PCRE2_ERROR_HEAPLIMIT, is given -if the amount of memory needed exceeds the heap limit. PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY is -also returned if PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT is set and memory allocation fails. +Heap memory is used to remember backgracking points. This error is given when +the memory allocation function (default or custom) fails. Note that a different +error, PCRE2_ERROR_HEAPLIMIT, is given if the amount of memory needed exceeds +the heap limit. PCRE2_ERROR_NOMEMORY is also returned if +PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT is set and memory allocation fails. .sp PCRE2_ERROR_NULL .sp @@ -4025,6 +4148,6 @@ Cambridge, England. .rs .sp .nf -Last updated: 14 December 2021 -Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. +Last updated: 12 October 2023 +Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. .fi diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2build.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2build.3 index 5fca3dc..bbc5486 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2build.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2build.3 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2BUILD 3 "08 December 2021" "PCRE2 10.40" +.TH PCRE2BUILD 3 "09 AUgust 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) . @@ -278,12 +278,11 @@ to the \fBconfigure\fP command. This setting also applies to the \fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP matching function, and to JIT matching (though the counting is done differently). .P -The \fBpcre2_match()\fP function starts out using a 20KiB vector on the system -stack to record backtracking points. The more nested backtracking points there -are (that is, the deeper the search tree), the more memory is needed. If the -initial vector is not large enough, heap memory is used, up to a certain limit, -which is specified in kibibytes (units of 1024 bytes). The limit can be changed -at run time, as described in the +The \fBpcre2_match()\fP function uses heap memory to record backtracking +points. The more nested backtracking points there are (that is, the deeper the +search tree), the more memory is needed. There is an upper limit, specified in +kibibytes (units of 1024 bytes). This limit can be changed at run time, as +described in the .\" HREF \fBpcre2api\fP .\" @@ -318,6 +317,22 @@ used for lookaround assertions, atomic groups, and recursion within patterns. The limit does not apply to JIT matching. . . +.SH "LIMITING VARIABLE-LENGTH LOOKBEHIND ASSERTIONS" +.rs +.sp +Lookbehind assertions in which one or more branches can match a variable number +of characters are supported only if there is a maximum matching length for each +top-level branch. There is a limit to this maximum that defaults to 255 +characters. You can alter this default by a setting such as +.sp + --with-max-varlookbehind=100 +.sp +The limit can be changed at runtime by calling +\fBpcre2_set_max_varlookbehind()\fP. Lookbehind assertions in which every +branch matches a fixed number of characters (not necessarily all the same) are +not constrained by this limit. +. +. .\" HTML .SH "CREATING CHARACTER TABLES AT BUILD TIME" .rs @@ -625,7 +640,7 @@ give a warning. .sp .nf Philip Hazel -University Computing Service +Retired from University Computing Service Cambridge, England. .fi . @@ -634,6 +649,6 @@ Cambridge, England. .rs .sp .nf -Last updated: 08 December 2021 -Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. +Last updated: 09 August 2023 +Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. .fi diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2compat.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2compat.3 index 8333d3e..fa13fc6 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2compat.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2compat.3 @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ -.TH PCRE2COMPAT 3 "08 December 2021" "PCRE2 10.40" +.TH PCRE2COMPAT 3 "19 September 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .SH "DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PCRE2 AND PERL" .rs .sp -This document describes some of the differences in the ways that PCRE2 and Perl -handle regular expressions. The differences described here are with respect to -Perl version 5.34.0, but as both Perl and PCRE2 are continually changing, the -information may at times be out of date. +This document describes some of the known differences in the ways that PCRE2 +and Perl handle regular expressions. The differences described here are with +respect to Perl version 5.38.0, but as both Perl and PCRE2 are continually +changing, the information may at times be out of date. .P 1. When PCRE2_DOTALL (equivalent to Perl's /s qualifier) is not set, the behaviour of the '.' metacharacter differs from Perl. In PCRE2, '.' matches the @@ -32,12 +32,16 @@ assertion just once). Perl allows some repeat quantifiers on other assertions, for example, \eb* , but these do not seem to have any use. PCRE2 does not allow any kind of quantifier on non-lookaround assertions. .P -4. Capture groups that occur inside negative lookaround assertions are counted, +4. If a braced quantifier such as {1,2} appears where there is nothing to +repeat (for example, at the start of a branch), PCRE2 raises an error whereas +Perl treats the quantifier characters as literal. +.P +5. Capture groups that occur inside negative lookaround assertions are counted, but their entries in the offsets vector are set only when a negative assertion is a condition that has a matching branch (that is, the condition is false). Perl may set such capture groups in other circumstances. .P -5. The following Perl escape sequences are not supported: \eF, \el, \eL, \eu, +6. The following Perl escape sequences are not supported: \eF, \el, \eL, \eu, \eU, and \eN when followed by a character name. \eN on its own, matching a non-newline character, and \eN{U+dd..}, matching a Unicode code point, are supported. The escapes that modify the case of following letters are @@ -47,12 +51,13 @@ generated by default. However, if either of the PCRE2_ALT_BSUX or PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX options is set, \eU and \eu are interpreted as ECMAScript interprets them. .P -6. The Perl escape sequences \ep, \eP, and \eX are supported only if PCRE2 is +7. The Perl escape sequences \ep, \eP, and \eX are supported only if PCRE2 is built with Unicode support (the default). The properties that can be tested with \ep and \eP are limited to the general category properties such as Lu and -Nd, script names such as Greek or Han, Bidi_Class, Bidi_Control, and the -derived properties Any and LC (synonym L&). Both PCRE2 and Perl support the Cs -(surrogate) property, but in PCRE2 its use is limited. See the +Nd, the derived properties Any and LC (synonym L&), script names such as Greek +or Han, Bidi_Class, Bidi_Control, and a few binary properties. Both PCRE2 and +Perl support the Cs (surrogate) property, but in PCRE2 its use is limited. See +the .\" HREF \fBpcre2pattern\fP .\" @@ -60,7 +65,7 @@ documentation for details. The long synonyms for property names that Perl supports (such as \ep{Letter}) are not supported by PCRE2, nor is it permitted to prefix any of these properties with "Is". .P -7. PCRE2 supports the \eQ...\eE escape for quoting substrings. Characters +8. PCRE2 supports the \eQ...\eE escape for quoting substrings. Characters in between are treated as literals. However, this is slightly different from Perl in that $ and @ are also handled as literals inside the quotes. In Perl, they cause variable interpolation (PCRE2 does not have variables). Also, Perl @@ -82,7 +87,7 @@ following examples: The \eQ...\eE sequence is recognized both inside and outside character classes by both PCRE2 and Perl. .P -8. Fairly obviously, PCRE2 does not support the (?{code}) and (??{code}) +9. Fairly obviously, PCRE2 does not support the (?{code}) and (??{code}) constructions. However, PCRE2 does have a "callout" feature, which allows an external function to be called during pattern matching. See the .\" HREF @@ -90,11 +95,11 @@ external function to be called during pattern matching. See the .\" documentation for details. .P -9. Subroutine calls (whether recursive or not) were treated as atomic groups up -to PCRE2 release 10.23, but from release 10.30 this changed, and backtracking -into subroutine calls is now supported, as in Perl. +10. Subroutine calls (whether recursive or not) were treated as atomic groups +up to PCRE2 release 10.23, but from release 10.30 this changed, and +backtracking into subroutine calls is now supported, as in Perl. .P -10. In PCRE2, if any of the backtracking control verbs are used in a group that +11. In PCRE2, if any of the backtracking control verbs are used in a group that is called as a subroutine (whether or not recursively), their effect is confined to that group; it does not extend to the surrounding pattern. This is not always the case in Perl. In particular, if (*THEN) is present in a group @@ -102,18 +107,18 @@ that is called as a subroutine, its action is limited to that group, even if the group does not contain any | characters. Note that such groups are processed as anchored at the point where they are tested. .P -11. If a pattern contains more than one backtracking control verb, the first +12. If a pattern contains more than one backtracking control verb, the first one that is backtracked onto acts. For example, in the pattern A(*COMMIT)B(*PRUNE)C a failure in B triggers (*COMMIT), but a failure in C triggers (*PRUNE). Perl's behaviour is more complex; in many cases it is the same as PCRE2, but there are cases where it differs. .P -12. There are some differences that are concerned with the settings of captured +13. There are some differences that are concerned with the settings of captured strings when part of a pattern is repeated. For example, matching "aba" against the pattern /^(a(b)?)+$/ in Perl leaves $2 unset, but in PCRE2 it is set to "b". .P -13. PCRE2's handling of duplicate capture group numbers and names is not as +14. PCRE2's handling of duplicate capture group numbers and names is not as general as Perl's. This is a consequence of the fact the PCRE2 works internally just with numbers, using an external table to translate between numbers and names. In particular, a pattern such as (?|(?A)|(?B)), where the two @@ -122,81 +127,75 @@ causes an error at compile time. If it were allowed, it would not be possible to distinguish which group matched, because both names map to capture group number 1. To avoid this confusing situation, an error is given at compile time. .P -14. Perl used to recognize comments in some places that PCRE2 does not, for +15. Perl used to recognize comments in some places that PCRE2 does not, for example, between the ( and ? at the start of a group. If the /x modifier is set, Perl allowed white space between ( and ? though the latest Perls give an error (for a while it was just deprecated). There may still be some cases where Perl behaves differently. .P -15. Perl, when in warning mode, gives warnings for character classes such as +16. Perl, when in warning mode, gives warnings for character classes such as [A-\ed] or [a-[:digit:]]. It then treats the hyphens as literals. PCRE2 has no warning features, so it gives an error in these cases because they are almost certainly user mistakes. .P -16. In PCRE2, the upper/lower case character properties Lu and Ll are not +17. In PCRE2, the upper/lower case character properties Lu and Ll are not affected when case-independent matching is specified. For example, \ep{Lu} always matches an upper case letter. I think Perl has changed in this respect; -in the release at the time of writing (5.34), \ep{Lu} and \ep{Ll} match all +in the release at the time of writing (5.38), \ep{Lu} and \ep{Ll} match all letters, regardless of case, when case independence is specified. .P -17. From release 5.32.0, Perl locks out the use of \eK in lookaround +18. From release 5.32.0, Perl locks out the use of \eK in lookaround assertions. From release 10.38 PCRE2 does the same by default. However, there is an option for re-enabling the previous behaviour. When this option is set, \eK is acted on when it occurs in positive assertions, but is ignored in negative assertions. .P -18. PCRE2 provides some extensions to the Perl regular expression facilities. +19. PCRE2 provides some extensions to the Perl regular expression facilities. Perl 5.10 included new features that were not in earlier versions of Perl, some of which (such as named parentheses) were in PCRE2 for some time before. This -list is with respect to Perl 5.34: -.sp -(a) Although lookbehind assertions in PCRE2 must match fixed length strings, -each alternative toplevel branch of a lookbehind assertion can match a -different length of string. Perl used to require them all to have the same -length, but the latest version has some variable length support. -.sp -(b) From PCRE2 10.23, backreferences to groups of fixed length are supported -in lookbehinds, provided that there is no possibility of referencing a -non-unique number or name. Perl does not support backreferences in lookbehinds. +list is with respect to Perl 5.38: .sp -(c) If PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set and PCRE2_MULTILINE is not set, the $ +(a) If PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set and PCRE2_MULTILINE is not set, the $ meta-character matches only at the very end of the string. .sp -(d) A backslash followed by a letter with no special meaning is faulted. (Perl +(b) A backslash followed by a letter with no special meaning is faulted. (Perl can be made to issue a warning.) .sp -(e) If PCRE2_UNGREEDY is set, the greediness of the repetition quantifiers is +(c) If PCRE2_UNGREEDY is set, the greediness of the repetition quantifiers is inverted, that is, by default they are not greedy, but if followed by a question mark they are. .sp -(f) PCRE2_ANCHORED can be used at matching time to force a pattern to be tried +(d) PCRE2_ANCHORED can be used at matching time to force a pattern to be tried only at the first matching position in the subject string. .sp -(g) The PCRE2_NOTBOL, PCRE2_NOTEOL, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY and PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART +(e) The PCRE2_NOTBOL, PCRE2_NOTEOL, PCRE2_NOTEMPTY and PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART options have no Perl equivalents. .sp -(h) The \eR escape sequence can be restricted to match only CR, LF, or CRLF +(f) The \eR escape sequence can be restricted to match only CR, LF, or CRLF by the PCRE2_BSR_ANYCRLF option. .sp -(i) The callout facility is PCRE2-specific. Perl supports codeblocks and +(g) The callout facility is PCRE2-specific. Perl supports codeblocks and variable interpolation, but not general hooks on every match. .sp -(j) The partial matching facility is PCRE2-specific. +(h) The partial matching facility is PCRE2-specific. .sp -(k) The alternative matching function (\fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP matches in a +(i) The alternative matching function (\fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP matches in a different way and is not Perl-compatible. .sp -(l) PCRE2 recognizes some special sequences such as (*CR) or (*NO_JIT) at +(j) PCRE2 recognizes some special sequences such as (*CR) or (*NO_JIT) at the start of a pattern. These set overall options that cannot be changed within the pattern. .sp -(m) PCRE2 supports non-atomic positive lookaround assertions. This is an +(k) PCRE2 supports non-atomic positive lookaround assertions. This is an extension to the lookaround facilities. The default, Perl-compatible lookarounds are atomic. -.P -19. The Perl /a modifier restricts /d numbers to pure ascii, and the /aa -modifier restricts /i case-insensitive matching to pure ascii, ignoring Unicode -rules. This separation cannot be represented with PCRE2_UCP. +.sp +(l) There are three syntactical items in patterns that can refer to a capturing +group by number: back references such as \eg{2}, subroutine calls such as (?3), +and condition references such as (?(4)...). PCRE2 supports relative group +numbers such as +2 and -4 in all three cases. Perl supports both plus and minus +for subroutine calls, but only minus for back references, and no relative +numbering at all for conditions. .P 20. Perl has different limits than PCRE2. See the .\" HREF @@ -206,6 +205,11 @@ documentation for details. Perl went with 5.10 from recursion to iteration keeping the intermediate matches on the heap, which is ~10% slower but does not fall into any stack-overflow limit. PCRE2 made a similar change at release 10.30, and also has many build-time and run-time customizable limits. +.P +21. Unlike Perl, PCRE2 doesn't have character set modifiers and specially no way +to set characters by context just like Perl's "/d". A regular expression using +PCRE2_UTF and PCRE2_UCP will use similar rules to Perl's "/u"; something closer +to "/a" could be selected by adding other PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII* options on top. . . .SH AUTHOR @@ -222,6 +226,6 @@ Cambridge, England. .rs .sp .nf -Last updated: 08 December 2021 -Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. +Last updated: 12 October 2023 +Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. .fi diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2demo.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2demo.3 index 57615a5..c40096e 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2demo.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2demo.3 @@ -1,19 +1,28 @@ +.TH PCRE2DEMO 3 "12 October 2023" "PCRE2 10.43-DEV" +.\"AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY PrepareRelease - do not EDIT! +.SH NAME +// - A demonstration C program for PCRE2 - // +.sp .\" Start example. .de EX +. do ds mF \\n[.fam] . nr mE \\n(.f . nf . nh +. do fam C . ft CW .. . . .\" End example. .de EE +. do fam \\*(mF . ft \\n(mE . fi . hy \\n(HY .. . +.RS -7 .EX /************************************************* * PCRE2 DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM * diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2grep.1 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2grep.1 index 1081591..66e7b67 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2grep.1 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2grep.1 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2GREP 1 "31 August 2021" "PCRE2 10.38" +.TH PCRE2GREP 1 "08 February 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME pcre2grep - a grep with Perl-compatible regular expressions. .SH SYNOPSIS @@ -43,13 +43,15 @@ For example: .sp pcre2grep some-pattern file1 - file3 .sp -Input files are searched line by line. By default, each line that matches a +By default, input files are searched line by line. Each line that matches a pattern is copied to the standard output, and if there is more than one file, the file name is output at the start of each line, followed by a colon. -However, there are options that can change how \fBpcre2grep\fP behaves. In -particular, the \fB-M\fP option makes it possible to search for strings that -span line boundaries. What defines a line boundary is controlled by the -\fB-N\fP (\fB--newline\fP) option. +However, there are options that can change how \fBpcre2grep\fP behaves. For +example, the \fB-M\fP option makes it possible to search for strings that span +line boundaries. What defines a line boundary is controlled by the \fB-N\fP +(\fB--newline\fP) option. The \fB-h\fP and \fB-H\fP options control whether or +not file names are shown, and the \fB-Z\fP option changes the file name +terminator to a zero byte. .P The amount of memory used for buffering files that are being scanned is controlled by parameters that can be set by the \fB--buffer-size\fP and @@ -66,6 +68,9 @@ The block of memory that is actually used is three times the "buffer size", to allow for buffering "before" and "after" lines. If the buffer size is too small, fewer than requested "before" and "after" lines may be output. .P +When matching with a multiline pattern, the size of the buffer must be at least +half of the maximum match expected or the pattern might fail to match. +.P Patterns can be no longer than 8KiB or BUFSIZ bytes, whichever is the greater. BUFSIZ is defined in \fB \fP. When there is more than one pattern (specified by the use of \fB-e\fP and/or \fB-f\fP), each pattern is applied to @@ -74,18 +79,22 @@ patterns are tried before the \fB-f\fP patterns. .P By default, as soon as one pattern matches a line, no further patterns are considered. However, if \fB--colour\fP (or \fB--color\fP) is used to colour the -matching substrings, or if \fB--only-matching\fP, \fB--file-offsets\fP, or -\fB--line-offsets\fP is used to output only the part of the line that matched -(either shown literally, or as an offset), scanning resumes immediately -following the match, so that further matches on the same line can be found. If -there are multiple patterns, they are all tried on the remainder of the line, -but patterns that follow the one that matched are not tried on the earlier -matched part of the line. +matching substrings, or if \fB--only-matching\fP, \fB--file-offsets\fP, +\fB--line-offsets\fP, or \fB--output\fP is used to output only the part of the +line that matched (either shown literally, or as an offset), the behaviour is +different. In this situation, all the patterns are applied to the line. If +there is more than one match, the one that begins nearest to the start of the +subject is processed; if there is more than one match at that position, the one +with the longest matching substring is processed; if the matching substrings +are equal, the first match found is processed. +.P +Scanning with all the patterns resumes immediately following the match, so that +later matches on the same line can be found. Note, however, that an overlapping +match that starts in the middle of another match will not be processed. .P -This behaviour means that the order in which multiple patterns are specified -can affect the output when one of the above options is used. This is no longer -the same behaviour as GNU grep, which now manages to display earlier matches -for later patterns (as long as there is no overlap). +The above behaviour was changed at release 10.41 to be more compatible with GNU +grep. In earlier releases, \fBpcre2grep\fP did not recognize matches from +later patterns that were earlier in the subject. .P Patterns that can match an empty string are accepted, but empty string matches are never recognized. An example is the pattern "(super)?(man)?", in @@ -101,14 +110,15 @@ The \fB--locale\fP option can be used to override this. .SH "SUPPORT FOR COMPRESSED FILES" .rs .sp -It is possible to compile \fBpcre2grep\fP so that it uses \fBlibz\fP or -\fBlibbz2\fP to read compressed files whose names end in \fB.gz\fP or +Compile-time options for \fBpcre2grep\fP can set it up to use \fBlibz\fP or +\fBlibbz2\fP for reading compressed files whose names end in \fB.gz\fP or \fB.bz2\fP, respectively. You can find out whether your \fBpcre2grep\fP binary has support for one or both of these file types by running it with the \fB--help\fP option. If the appropriate support is not present, all files are -treated as plain text. The standard input is always so treated. When input is -from a compressed .gz or .bz2 file, the \fB--line-buffered\fP option is -ignored. +treated as plain text. The standard input is always so treated. If a file with +a \fB.gz\fP or \fB.bz2\fP extension is not in fact compressed, it is read as a +plain text file. When input is from a compressed .gz or .bz2 file, the +\fB--line-buffered\fP option is ignored. . . .SH "BINARY FILES" @@ -149,9 +159,11 @@ Output up to \fInumber\fP lines of context after each matching line. Fewer lines are output if the next match or the end of the file is reached, or if the processing buffer size has been set too small. If file names and/or line numbers are being output, a hyphen separator is used instead of a colon for the -context lines. A line containing "--" is output between each group of lines, -unless they are in fact contiguous in the input file. The value of \fInumber\fP -is expected to be relatively small. When \fB-c\fP is used, \fB-A\fP is ignored. +context lines (the \fB-Z\fP option can be used to change the file name +terminator to a zero byte). A line containing "--" is output between each group +of lines, unless they are in fact contiguous in the input file. The value of +\fInumber\fP is expected to be relatively small. When \fB-c\fP is used, +\fB-A\fP is ignored. .TP \fB-a\fP, \fB--text\fP Treat binary files as text. This is equivalent to @@ -167,9 +179,10 @@ Output up to \fInumber\fP lines of context before each matching line. Fewer lines are output if the previous match or the start of the file is within \fInumber\fP lines, or if the processing buffer size has been set too small. If file names and/or line numbers are being output, a hyphen separator is used -instead of a colon for the context lines. A line containing "--" is output -between each group of lines, unless they are in fact contiguous in the input -file. The value of \fInumber\fP is expected to be relatively small. When +instead of a colon for the context lines (the \fB-Z\fP option can be used to +change the file name terminator to a zero byte). A line containing "--" is +output between each group of lines, unless they are in fact contiguous in the +input file. The value of \fInumber\fP is expected to be relatively small. When \fB-c\fP is used, \fB-B\fP is ignored. .TP \fB--binary-files=\fP\fIword\fP @@ -201,7 +214,7 @@ exactly the same as the number of lines that would have been output, but if the \fB-M\fP (multiline) option is used (without \fB-v\fP), there may be more suppressed lines than the count (that is, the number of matches). .sp -If no lines are selected, the number zero is output. If several files are are +If no lines are selected, the number zero is output. If several files are being scanned, a count is output for each of them and the \fB-t\fP option can be used to cause a total to be output at the end. However, if the \fB--files-with-matches\fP option is also used, only those files whose counts @@ -215,12 +228,14 @@ equals sign. .TP \fB--colour=\fP\fIvalue\fP, \fB--color=\fP\fIvalue\fP This option specifies under what circumstances the parts of a line that matched -a pattern should be coloured in the output. By default, the output is not -coloured. The value (which is optional, see above) may be "never", "always", or -"auto". In the latter case, colouring happens only if the standard output is -connected to a terminal. More resources are used when colouring is enabled, -because \fBpcre2grep\fP has to search for all possible matches in a line, not -just one, in order to colour them all. +a pattern should be coloured in the output. It is ignored if +\fB--file-offsets\fP, \fB--line-offsets\fP, or \fB--output\fP is set. By +default, output is not coloured. The value for the \fB--colour\fP option (which +is optional, see above) may be "never", "always", or "auto". In the latter +case, colouring happens only if the standard output is connected to a terminal. +More resources are used when colouring is enabled, because \fBpcre2grep\fP has +to search for all possible matches in a line, not just one, in order to colour +them all. .sp The colour that is used can be specified by setting one of the environment variables PCRE2GREP_COLOUR, PCRE2GREP_COLOR, PCREGREP_COLOUR, or @@ -256,23 +271,24 @@ end-of-file; in others it may provoke an error. \fB--depth-limit\fP=\fInumber\fP See \fB--match-limit\fP below. .TP +\fB-E\fP, \fB--case-restrict\fP +When case distinctions are being ignored in Unicode mode, two ASCII letters (K +and S) will by default match Unicode characters U+212A (Kelvin sign) and U+017F +(long S) respectively, as well as their lower case ASCII counterparts. When +this option is set, case equivalences are restricted such that no ASCII +character matches a non-ASCII character, and vice versa. +.TP \fB-e\fP \fIpattern\fP, \fB--regex=\fP\fIpattern\fP, \fB--regexp=\fP\fIpattern\fP Specify a pattern to be matched. This option can be used multiple times in order to specify several patterns. It can also be used as a way of specifying a single pattern that starts with a hyphen. When \fB-e\fP is used, no argument pattern is taken from the command line; all arguments are treated as file names. There is no limit to the number of patterns. They are applied to each -line in the order in which they are defined until one matches. +line in the order in which they are defined. .sp If \fB-f\fP is used with \fB-e\fP, the command line patterns are matched first, followed by the patterns from the file(s), independent of the order in which -these options are specified. Note that multiple use of \fB-e\fP is not the same -as a single pattern with alternatives. For example, X|Y finds the first -character in a line that is X or Y, whereas if the two patterns are given -separately, with X first, \fBpcre2grep\fP finds X if it is present, even if it -follows Y in the line. It finds Y only if there is no X in the line. This -matters only if you are using \fB-o\fP or \fB--colo(u)r\fP to show the part(s) -of the line that matched. +these options are specified. .TP \fB--exclude\fP=\fIpattern\fP Files (but not directories) whose names match the pattern are skipped without @@ -316,22 +332,19 @@ files; it does not apply to patterns specified by any of the \fB--include\fP or \fB--exclude\fP options. .TP \fB-f\fP \fIfilename\fP, \fB--file=\fP\fIfilename\fP -Read patterns from the file, one per line, and match them against each line of -input. As is the case with patterns on the command line, no delimiters should -be used. What constitutes a newline when reading the file is the operating -system's default interpretation of \en. The \fB--newline\fP option has no -effect on this option. Trailing white space is removed from each line, and -blank lines are ignored. An empty file contains no patterns and therefore -matches nothing. Patterns read from a file in this way may contain binary -zeros, which are treated as ordinary data characters. See also the comments -about multiple patterns versus a single pattern with alternatives in the -description of \fB-e\fP above. +Read patterns from the file, one per line. As is the case with patterns on the +command line, no delimiters should be used. What constitutes a newline when +reading the file is the operating system's default interpretation of \en. The +\fB--newline\fP option has no effect on this option. Trailing white space is +removed from each line, and blank lines are ignored. An empty file contains no +patterns and therefore matches nothing. Patterns read from a file in this way +may contain binary zeros, which are treated as ordinary data characters. .sp If this option is given more than once, all the specified files are read. A data line is output if any of the patterns match it. A file name can be given as "-" to refer to the standard input. When \fB-f\fP is used, patterns specified on the command line using \fB-e\fP may also be present; they are -tested before the file's patterns. However, no other pattern is taken from the +matched before the file's patterns. However, no pattern is taken from the command line; all arguments are treated as the names of paths to be searched. .TP \fB--file-list\fP=\fIfilename\fP @@ -349,26 +362,28 @@ specified files are read. \fB--file-offsets\fP Instead of showing lines or parts of lines that match, show each match as an offset from the start of the file and a length, separated by a comma. In this -mode, no context is shown. That is, the \fB-A\fP, \fB-B\fP, and \fB-C\fP -options are ignored. If there is more than one match in a line, each of them is -shown separately. This option is mutually exclusive with \fB--output\fP, -\fB--line-offsets\fP, and \fB--only-matching\fP. +mode, \fB--colour\fP has no effect, and no context is shown. That is, the +\fB-A\fP, \fB-B\fP, and \fB-C\fP options are ignored. If there is more than one +match in a line, each of them is shown separately. This option is mutually +exclusive with \fB--output\fP, \fB--line-offsets\fP, and \fB--only-matching\fP. .TP \fB-H\fP, \fB--with-filename\fP Force the inclusion of the file name at the start of output lines when -searching a single file. By default, the file name is not shown in this case. -For matching lines, the file name is followed by a colon; for context lines, a -hyphen separator is used. If a line number is also being output, it follows the -file name. When the \fB-M\fP option causes a pattern to match more than one -line, only the first is preceded by the file name. This option overrides any -previous \fB-h\fP, \fB-l\fP, or \fB-L\fP options. +searching a single file. The file name is not normally shown in this case. +By default, for matching lines, the file name is followed by a colon; for +context lines, a hyphen separator is used. The \fB-Z\fP option can be used to +change the terminator to a zero byte. If a line number is also being output, +it follows the file name. When the \fB-M\fP option causes a pattern to match +more than one line, only the first is preceded by the file name. This option +overrides any previous \fB-h\fP, \fB-l\fP, or \fB-L\fP options. .TP \fB-h\fP, \fB--no-filename\fP -Suppress the output file names when searching multiple files. By default, -file names are shown when multiple files are searched. For matching lines, the -file name is followed by a colon; for context lines, a hyphen separator is used. -If a line number is also being output, it follows the file name. This option -overrides any previous \fB-H\fP, \fB-L\fP, or \fB-l\fP options. +Suppress the output file names when searching multiple files. File names are +normally shown when multiple files are searched. By default, for matching +lines, the file name is followed by a colon; for context lines, a hyphen +separator is used. The \fB-Z\fP option can be used to change the terminator to +a zero byte. If a line number is also being output, it follows the file name. +This option overrides any previous \fB-H\fP, \fB-L\fP, or \fB-l\fP options. .TP \fB--heap-limit\fP=\fInumber\fP See \fB--match-limit\fP below. @@ -383,7 +398,9 @@ Ignore binary files. This is equivalent to \fB--binary-files\fP=\fIwithout-match\fP. .TP \fB-i\fP, \fB--ignore-case\fP -Ignore upper/lower case distinctions during comparisons. +Ignore upper/lower case distinctions when pattern matching. This applies when +matching path names for inclusion or exclusion as well as when matching lines +in files. .TP \fB--include\fP=\fIpattern\fP If any \fB--include\fP patterns are specified, the only files that are @@ -417,17 +434,19 @@ given any number of times. If a directory matches both \fB--include-dir\fP and \fB-L\fP, \fB--files-without-match\fP Instead of outputting lines from the files, just output the names of the files that do not contain any lines that would have been output. Each file name is -output once, on a separate line. This option overrides any previous \fB-H\fP, -\fB-h\fP, or \fB-l\fP options. +output once, on a separate line by default, but if the \fB-Z\fP option is set, +they are separated by zero bytes instead of newlines. This option overrides any +previous \fB-H\fP, \fB-h\fP, or \fB-l\fP options. .TP \fB-l\fP, \fB--files-with-matches\fP Instead of outputting lines from the files, just output the names of the files containing lines that would have been output. Each file name is output once, on -a separate line. Searching normally stops as soon as a matching line is found -in a file. However, if the \fB-c\fP (count) option is also used, matching -continues in order to obtain the correct count, and those files that have at -least one match are listed along with their counts. Using this option with -\fB-c\fP is a way of suppressing the listing of files with no matches that +a separate line, but if the \fB-Z\fP option is set, they are separated by zero +bytes instead of newlines. Searching normally stops as soon as a matching line +is found in a file. However, if the \fB-c\fP (count) option is also used, +matching continues in order to obtain the correct count, and those files that +have at least one match are listed along with their counts. Using this option +with \fB-c\fP is a way of suppressing the listing of files with no matches that occurs with \fB-c\fP on its own. This option overrides any previous \fB-H\fP, \fB-h\fP, or \fB-L\fP options. .TP @@ -452,11 +471,11 @@ ceases to work. When input is from a compressed .gz or .bz2 file, Instead of showing lines or parts of lines that match, show each match as a line number, the offset from the start of the line, and a length. The line number is terminated by a colon (as usual; see the \fB-n\fP option), and the -offset and length are separated by a comma. In this mode, no context is shown. -That is, the \fB-A\fP, \fB-B\fP, and \fB-C\fP options are ignored. If there is -more than one match in a line, each of them is shown separately. This option is -mutually exclusive with \fB--output\fP, \fB--file-offsets\fP, and -\fB--only-matching\fP. +offset and length are separated by a comma. In this mode, \fB--colour\fP has no +effect, and no context is shown. That is, the \fB-A\fP, \fB-B\fP, and \fB-C\fP +options are ignored. If there is more than one match in a line, each of them is +shown separately. This option is mutually exclusive with \fB--output\fP, +\fB--file-offsets\fP, and \fB--only-matching\fP. .TP \fB--locale\fP=\fIlocale-name\fP This option specifies a locale to be used for pattern matching. It overrides @@ -490,8 +509,10 @@ well as possibly handling a two-character newline sequence. .sp There is a limit to the number of lines that can be matched, imposed by the way that \fBpcre2grep\fP buffers the input file as it scans it. With a sufficiently -large processing buffer, this should not be a problem, but the \fB-M\fP option -does not work when input is read line by line (see \fB--line-buffered\fP.) +large processing buffer, this should not be a problem. +.sp +The \fB-M\fP option does not work when input is read line by line (see +\fB--line-buffered\fP.) .TP \fB-m\fP \fInumber\fP, \fB--max-count\fP=\fInumber\fP Stop processing after finding \fInumber\fP matching lines, or non-matching @@ -516,10 +537,7 @@ counter that is incremented each time around its main processing loop. If the value set by \fB--match-limit\fP is reached, an error occurs. .sp The \fB--heap-limit\fP option specifies, as a number of kibibytes (units of -1024 bytes), the amount of heap memory that may be used for matching. Heap -memory is needed only if matching the pattern requires a significant number of -nested backtracking points to be remembered. This parameter can be set to zero -to forbid the use of heap memory altogether. +1024 bytes), the maximum amount of heap memory that may be used for matching. .sp The \fB--depth-limit\fP option limits the depth of nested backtracking points, which indirectly limits the amount of memory that is used. The amount of memory @@ -576,18 +594,18 @@ number. This option is forced if \fB--line-offsets\fP is used. If the PCRE2 library is built with support for just-in-time compiling (which speeds up matching), \fBpcre2grep\fP automatically makes use of this, unless it was explicitly disabled at build time. This option can be used to disable the -use of JIT at run time. It is provided for testing and working round problems. +use of JIT at run time. It is provided for testing and working around problems. It should never be needed in normal use. .TP \fB-O\fP \fItext\fP, \fB--output\fP=\fItext\fP When there is a match, instead of outputting the line that matched, output just the text specified in this option, followed by an operating-system standard -newline. In this mode, no context is shown. That is, the \fB-A\fP, \fB-B\fP, -and \fB-C\fP options are ignored. The \fB--newline\fP option has no effect on -this option, which is mutually exclusive with \fB--only-matching\fP, -\fB--file-offsets\fP, and \fB--line-offsets\fP. However, like -\fB--only-matching\fP, if there is more than one match in a line, each of them -causes a line of output. +newline. In this mode, \fB--colour\fP has no effect, and no context is shown. +That is, the \fB-A\fP, \fB-B\fP, and \fB-C\fP options are ignored. The +\fB--newline\fP option has no effect on this option, which is mutually +exclusive with \fB--only-matching\fP, \fB--file-offsets\fP, and +\fB--line-offsets\fP. However, like \fB--only-matching\fP, if there is more +than one match in a line, each of them causes a line of output. .sp Escape sequences starting with a dollar character may be used to insert the contents of the matched part of the line and/or captured substrings into the @@ -656,6 +674,17 @@ default is 50. Specify a separating string for multiple occurrences of \fB-o\fP. The default is an empty string. Separating strings are never coloured. .TP +\fB-P\fP, \fB--no-ucp\fP +Starting from release 10.43, when UTF/Unicode mode is specified with \fB-u\fP +or \fB-U\fP, the PCRE2_UCP option is used by default. This means that the +POSIX classes in patterns match more than just ASCII characters. For example, +[:digit:] matches any Unicode decimal digit. The \fB--no-ucp\fP option +suppresses PCRE2_UCP, thus restricting the POSIX classes to ASCII characters, +as was the case in earlier releases. Note that there are now more fine-grained +option settings within patterns that affect individual classes. For example, +when in UCP mode, the sequence (?aP) restricts [:word:] to ASCII letters, while +allowing \ew to match Unicode letters and digits. +.TP \fB-q\fP, \fB--quiet\fP Work quietly, that is, display nothing except error messages. The exit status indicates whether or not any matches were found. @@ -688,11 +717,11 @@ ignored when used with \fB-L\fP (list files without matches), because the grand total would always be zero. .TP \fB-u\fP, \fB--utf\fP -Operate in UTF-8 mode. This option is available only if PCRE2 has been compiled -with UTF-8 support. All patterns (including those for any \fB--exclude\fP and -\fB--include\fP options) and all lines that are scanned must be valid strings -of UTF-8 characters. If an invalid UTF-8 string is encountered, an error -occurs. +Operate in UTF/Unicode mode. This option is available only if PCRE2 has been +compiled with UTF-8 support. All patterns (including those for any +\fB--exclude\fP and \fB--include\fP options) and all lines that are scanned +must be valid strings of UTF-8 characters. If an invalid UTF-8 string is +encountered, an error occurs. .TP \fB-U\fP, \fB--utf-allow-invalid\fP As \fB--utf\fP, but in addition subject lines may contain invalid UTF-8 code @@ -732,6 +761,12 @@ be more than one line. This is equivalent to having "^(?:" at the start of each pattern and ")$" at the end. This option applies only to the patterns that are matched against the contents of files; it does not apply to patterns specified by any of the \fB--include\fP or \fB--exclude\fP options. +.TP +\fB-Z\fP, \fB--null\fP +Terminate files names in the regular output with a zero byte (the NUL +character) instead of what would normally appear. This is useful when file +names contain unusual characters such as colons, hyphens, or even newlines. The +option does not apply to file names in error messages. . . .SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" @@ -768,25 +803,27 @@ standard output must end with "\er\en". For all other operating systems, and for all messages to the standard error stream, "\en" is used. . . -.SH "OPTIONS COMPATIBILITY" +.SH "OPTIONS COMPATIBILITY WITH GNU GREP" .rs .sp -Many of the short and long forms of \fBpcre2grep\fP's options are the same -as in the GNU \fBgrep\fP program. Any long option of the form -\fB--xxx-regexp\fP (GNU terminology) is also available as \fB--xxx-regex\fP -(PCRE2 terminology). However, the \fB--depth-limit\fP, \fB--file-list\fP, -\fB--file-offsets\fP, \fB--heap-limit\fP, \fB--include-dir\fP, -\fB--line-offsets\fP, \fB--locale\fP, \fB--match-limit\fP, \fB-M\fP, -\fB--multiline\fP, \fB-N\fP, \fB--newline\fP, \fB--om-separator\fP, -\fB--output\fP, \fB-u\fP, \fB--utf\fP, \fB-U\fP, and \fB--utf-allow-invalid\fP -options are specific to \fBpcre2grep\fP, as is the use of the -\fB--only-matching\fP option with a capturing parentheses number. +Many of the short and long forms of \fBpcre2grep\fP's options are the same as +in the GNU \fBgrep\fP program. Any long option of the form \fB--xxx-regexp\fP +(GNU terminology) is also available as \fB--xxx-regex\fP (PCRE2 terminology). +However, the \fB--case-restrict\fP, \fB--depth-limit\fP, \fB-E\fP, +\fB--file-list\fP, \fB--file-offsets\fP, \fB--heap-limit\fP, +\fB--include-dir\fP, \fB--line-offsets\fP, \fB--locale\fP, \fB--match-limit\fP, +\fB-M\fP, \fB--multiline\fP, \fB-N\fP, \fB--newline\fP, \fB--no-ucp\fP, +\fB--om-separator\fP, \fB--output\fP, \fB-P\fP, \fB-u\fP, \fB--utf\fP, +\fB-U\fP, and \fB--utf-allow-invalid\fP options are specific to +\fBpcre2grep\fP, as is the use of the \fB--only-matching\fP option with a +capturing parentheses number. .P Although most of the common options work the same way, a few are different in \fBpcre2grep\fP. For example, the \fB--include\fP option's argument is a glob -for GNU \fBgrep\fP, but a regular expression for \fBpcre2grep\fP. If both the -\fB-c\fP and \fB-l\fP options are given, GNU grep lists only file names, -without counts, but \fBpcre2grep\fP gives the counts as well. +for GNU \fBgrep\fP, but in \fBpcre2grep\fP it is a regular expression to which +the \fB-i\fP option applies. If both the \fB-c\fP and \fB-l\fP options are +given, GNU grep lists only file names, without counts, but \fBpcre2grep\fP +gives the counts as well. . . .SH "OPTIONS WITH DATA" @@ -960,6 +997,6 @@ Cambridge, England. .rs .sp .nf -Last updated: 31 August 2021 -Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. +Last updated: 08 February 2023 +Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. .fi diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2grep.txt b/pcre2/doc/pcre2grep.txt index 8e9c757..adb1de2 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2grep.txt +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2grep.txt @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -PCRE2GREP(1) General Commands Manual PCRE2GREP(1) +PCRE2GREP(1) General Commands Manual PCRE2GREP(1) NAME pcre2grep - a grep with Perl-compatible regular expressions. + SYNOPSIS pcre2grep [options] [long options] [pattern] [path1 path2 ...] @@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ DESCRIPTION pattern syntax, or pcre2pattern(3) for a full description of the syntax and semantics of the regular expressions that PCRE2 supports. - Patterns, whether supplied on the command line or in a separate file, + Patterns, whether supplied on the command line or in a separate file, are given without delimiters. For example: pcre2grep Thursday /etc/motd @@ -36,19 +37,21 @@ DESCRIPTION terns, all arguments are treated as path names. At least one of -e, -f, or an argument pattern must be provided. - If no files are specified, pcre2grep reads the standard input. The - standard input can also be referenced by a name consisting of a single + If no files are specified, pcre2grep reads the standard input. The + standard input can also be referenced by a name consisting of a single hyphen. For example: pcre2grep some-pattern file1 - file3 - Input files are searched line by line. By default, each line that - matches a pattern is copied to the standard output, and if there is - more than one file, the file name is output at the start of each line, - followed by a colon. However, there are options that can change how - pcre2grep behaves. In particular, the -M option makes it possible to - search for strings that span line boundaries. What defines a line - boundary is controlled by the -N (--newline) option. + By default, input files are searched line by line. Each line that + matches a pattern is copied to the standard output, and if there is + more than one file, the file name is output at the start of each line, + followed by a colon. However, there are options that can change how + pcre2grep behaves. For example, the -M option makes it possible to + search for strings that span line boundaries. What defines a line + boundary is controlled by the -N (--newline) option. The -h and -H op- + tions control whether or not file names are shown, and the -Z option + changes the file name terminator to a zero byte. The amount of memory used for buffering files that are being scanned is controlled by parameters that can be set by the --buffer-size and @@ -63,30 +66,39 @@ DESCRIPTION The block of memory that is actually used is three times the "buffer size", to allow for buffering "before" and "after" lines. If the buffer - size is too small, fewer than requested "before" and "after" lines may + size is too small, fewer than requested "before" and "after" lines may be output. - Patterns can be no longer than 8KiB or BUFSIZ bytes, whichever is the - greater. BUFSIZ is defined in (see above) .\" -can be used instead of a lookbehind assertion to get round the fixed-length -restriction. -.P -The implementation of lookbehind assertions is, for each alternative, to -temporarily move the current position back by the fixed length and then try to -match. If there are insufficient characters before the current position, the -assertion fails. +can be used instead of a lookbehind assertion at the start of a pattern to get +round the length limit restriction. .P In UTF-8 and UTF-16 modes, PCRE2 does not allow the \eC escape (which matches a single code unit even in a UTF mode) to appear in lookbehind assertions, @@ -2483,7 +2559,7 @@ permitted in lookbehinds. "Subroutine" .\" calls (see below) such as (?2) or (?&X) are permitted in lookbehinds, as long -as the called capture group matches a fixed-length string. However, +as the called capture group matches a limited-length string. However, .\" HTML .\" recursion, @@ -2491,19 +2567,19 @@ recursion, that is, a "subroutine" call into a group that is already active, is not supported. .P -Perl does not support backreferences in lookbehinds. PCRE2 does support them, -but only if certain conditions are met. The PCRE2_MATCH_UNSET_BACKREF option -must not be set, there must be no use of (?| in the pattern (it creates -duplicate group numbers), and if the backreference is by name, the name -must be unique. Of course, the referenced group must itself match a fixed -length substring. The following pattern matches words containing at least two -characters that begin and end with the same character: +PCRE2 supports backreferences in lookbehinds, but only if certain conditions +are met. The PCRE2_MATCH_UNSET_BACKREF option must not be set, there must be no +use of (?| in the pattern (it creates duplicate group numbers), and if the +backreference is by name, the name must be unique. Of course, the referenced +group must itself match a limited length substring. The following pattern +matches words containing at least two characters that begin and end with the +same character: .sp \eb(\ew)\ew++(?<=\e1) .P Possessive quantifiers can be used in conjunction with lookbehind assertions to -specify efficient matching of fixed-length strings at the end of subject -strings. Consider a simple pattern such as +specify efficient matching at the end of subject strings. Consider a simple +pattern such as .sp abcd$ .sp @@ -2566,11 +2642,10 @@ characters that are not "999". .SH "NON-ATOMIC ASSERTIONS" .rs .sp -The traditional Perl-compatible lookaround assertions are atomic. That is, if -an assertion is true, but there is a subsequent matching failure, there is no -backtracking into the assertion. However, there are some cases where non-atomic -positive assertions can be useful. PCRE2 provides these using the following -syntax: +Traditional lookaround assertions are atomic. That is, if an assertion is true, +but there is a subsequent matching failure, there is no backtracking into the +assertion. However, there are some cases where non-atomic positive assertions +can be useful. PCRE2 provides these using the following syntax: .sp (*non_atomic_positive_lookahead: or (*napla: or (?* (*non_atomic_positive_lookbehind: or (*naplb: or (?<* @@ -2729,13 +2804,14 @@ there is more than one capture group with the same number (see the earlier .\". When there is more than one + When matching with a multiline pattern, the size of the buffer must be + at least half of the maximum match expected or the pattern might fail + to match. + + Patterns can be no longer than 8KiB or BUFSIZ bytes, whichever is the + greater. BUFSIZ is defined in . When there is more than one pattern (specified by the use of -e and/or -f), each pattern is applied to each line in the order in which they are defined, except that all the -e patterns are tried before the -f patterns. By default, as soon as one pattern matches a line, no further patterns are considered. However, if --colour (or --color) is used to colour the - matching substrings, or if --only-matching, --file-offsets, or --line- - offsets is used to output only the part of the line that matched (ei- - ther shown literally, or as an offset), scanning resumes immediately - following the match, so that further matches on the same line can be - found. If there are multiple patterns, they are all tried on the re- - mainder of the line, but patterns that follow the one that matched are - not tried on the earlier matched part of the line. - - This behaviour means that the order in which multiple patterns are - specified can affect the output when one of the above options is used. - This is no longer the same behaviour as GNU grep, which now manages to - display earlier matches for later patterns (as long as there is no - overlap). + matching substrings, or if --only-matching, --file-offsets, --line-off- + sets, or --output is used to output only the part of the line that + matched (either shown literally, or as an offset), the behaviour is + different. In this situation, all the patterns are applied to the line. + If there is more than one match, the one that begins nearest to the + start of the subject is processed; if there is more than one match at + that position, the one with the longest matching substring is + processed; if the matching substrings are equal, the first match found + is processed. + + Scanning with all the patterns resumes immediately following the match, + so that later matches on the same line can be found. Note, however, + that an overlapping match that starts in the middle of another match + will not be processed. + + The above behaviour was changed at release 10.41 to be more compatible + with GNU grep. In earlier releases, pcre2grep did not recognize matches + from later patterns that were earlier in the subject. Patterns that can match an empty string are accepted, but empty string matches are never recognized. An example is the pattern "(su- @@ -102,20 +114,22 @@ DESCRIPTION SUPPORT FOR COMPRESSED FILES - It is possible to compile pcre2grep so that it uses libz or libbz2 to - read compressed files whose names end in .gz or .bz2, respectively. You - can find out whether your pcre2grep binary has support for one or both - of these file types by running it with the --help option. If the appro- - priate support is not present, all files are treated as plain text. The - standard input is always so treated. When input is from a compressed - .gz or .bz2 file, the --line-buffered option is ignored. + Compile-time options for pcre2grep can set it up to use libz or libbz2 + for reading compressed files whose names end in .gz or .bz2, respec- + tively. You can find out whether your pcre2grep binary has support for + one or both of these file types by running it with the --help option. + If the appropriate support is not present, all files are treated as + plain text. The standard input is always so treated. If a file with a + .gz or .bz2 extension is not in fact compressed, it is read as a plain + text file. When input is from a compressed .gz or .bz2 file, the + --line-buffered option is ignored. BINARY FILES - By default, a file that contains a binary zero byte within the first - 1024 bytes is identified as a binary file, and is processed specially. - However, if the newline type is specified as NUL, that is, the line + By default, a file that contains a binary zero byte within the first + 1024 bytes is identified as a binary file, and is processed specially. + However, if the newline type is specified as NUL, that is, the line terminator is a binary zero, the test for a binary file is not applied. See the --binary-files option for a means of changing the way binary files are handled. @@ -139,20 +153,22 @@ OPTIONS 1024*1024 respectively. -- This terminates the list of options. It is useful if the next - item on the command line starts with a hyphen but is not an - option. This allows for the processing of patterns and file + item on the command line starts with a hyphen but is not an + option. This allows for the processing of patterns and file names that start with hyphens. -A number, --after-context=number - Output up to number lines of context after each matching - line. Fewer lines are output if the next match or the end of - the file is reached, or if the processing buffer size has + Output up to number lines of context after each matching + line. Fewer lines are output if the next match or the end of + the file is reached, or if the processing buffer size has been set too small. If file names and/or line numbers are be- ing output, a hyphen separator is used instead of a colon for - the context lines. A line containing "--" is output between - each group of lines, unless they are in fact contiguous in - the input file. The value of number is expected to be rela- - tively small. When -c is used, -A is ignored. + the context lines (the -Z option can be used to change the + file name terminator to a zero byte). A line containing "--" + is output between each group of lines, unless they are in + fact contiguous in the input file. The value of number is ex- + pected to be relatively small. When -c is used, -A is ig- + nored. -a, --text Treat binary files as text. This is equivalent to --binary- @@ -160,32 +176,33 @@ OPTIONS --allow-lookaround-bsk PCRE2 now forbids the use of \K in lookarounds by default, in - line with Perl. This option causes pcre2grep to set the - PCRE2_EXTRA_ALLOW_LOOKAROUND_BSK option, which enables this + line with Perl. This option causes pcre2grep to set the + PCRE2_EXTRA_ALLOW_LOOKAROUND_BSK option, which enables this somewhat dangerous usage. -B number, --before-context=number - Output up to number lines of context before each matching - line. Fewer lines are output if the previous match or the - start of the file is within number lines, or if the process- - ing buffer size has been set too small. If file names and/or + Output up to number lines of context before each matching + line. Fewer lines are output if the previous match or the + start of the file is within number lines, or if the process- + ing buffer size has been set too small. If file names and/or line numbers are being output, a hyphen separator is used in- - stead of a colon for the context lines. A line containing - "--" is output between each group of lines, unless they are - in fact contiguous in the input file. The value of number is - expected to be relatively small. When -c is used, -B is ig- - nored. + stead of a colon for the context lines (the -Z option can be + used to change the file name terminator to a zero byte). A + line containing "--" is output between each group of lines, + unless they are in fact contiguous in the input file. The + value of number is expected to be relatively small. When -c + is used, -B is ignored. --binary-files=word - Specify how binary files are to be processed. If the word is - "binary" (the default), pattern matching is performed on bi- - nary files, but the only output is "Binary file - matches" when a match succeeds. If the word is "text", which - is equivalent to the -a or --text option, binary files are - processed in the same way as any other file. In this case, - when a match succeeds, the output may be binary garbage, - which can have nasty effects if sent to a terminal. If the - word is "without-match", which is equivalent to the -I op- + Specify how binary files are to be processed. If the word is + "binary" (the default), pattern matching is performed on bi- + nary files, but the only output is "Binary file + matches" when a match succeeds. If the word is "text", which + is equivalent to the -a or --text option, binary files are + processed in the same way as any other file. In this case, + when a match succeeds, the output may be binary garbage, + which can have nasty effects if sent to a terminal. If the + word is "without-match", which is equivalent to the -I op- tion, binary files are not processed at all; they are assumed not to be of interest and are skipped without causing any output or affecting the return code. @@ -196,13 +213,13 @@ OPTIONS scanned. See also --max-buffer-size below. -C number, --context=number - Output number lines of context both before and after each - matching line. This is equivalent to setting both -A and -B + Output number lines of context both before and after each + matching line. This is equivalent to setting both -A and -B to the same value. -c, --count - Do not output lines from the files that are being scanned; - instead output the number of lines that would have been + Do not output lines from the files that are being scanned; + instead output the number of lines that would have been shown, either because they matched, or, if -v is set, because they failed to match. By default, this count is exactly the same as the number of lines that would have been output, but @@ -211,8 +228,8 @@ OPTIONS of matches). If no lines are selected, the number zero is output. If sev- - eral files are are being scanned, a count is output for each - of them and the -t option can be used to cause a total to be + eral files are being scanned, a count is output for each of + them and the -t option can be used to cause a total to be output at the end. However, if the --files-with-matches op- tion is also used, only those files whose counts are greater than zero are listed. When -c is used, the -A, -B, and -C op- @@ -226,21 +243,22 @@ OPTIONS --colour=value, --color=value This option specifies under what circumstances the parts of a line that matched a pattern should be coloured in the output. - By default, the output is not coloured. The value (which is - optional, see above) may be "never", "always", or "auto". In - the latter case, colouring happens only if the standard out- - put is connected to a terminal. More resources are used when - colouring is enabled, because pcre2grep has to search for all - possible matches in a line, not just one, in order to colour - them all. + It is ignored if --file-offsets, --line-offsets, or --output + is set. By default, output is not coloured. The value for the + --colour option (which is optional, see above) may be + "never", "always", or "auto". In the latter case, colouring + happens only if the standard output is connected to a termi- + nal. More resources are used when colouring is enabled, be- + cause pcre2grep has to search for all possible matches in a + line, not just one, in order to colour them all. The colour that is used can be specified by setting one of the environment variables PCRE2GREP_COLOUR, PCRE2GREP_COLOR, PCREGREP_COLOUR, or PCREGREP_COLOR, which are checked in that order. If none of these are set, pcre2grep looks for - GREP_COLORS or GREP_COLOR (in that order). The value of the - variable should be a string of two numbers, separated by a - semicolon, except in the case of GREP_COLORS, which must + GREP_COLORS or GREP_COLOR (in that order). The value of the + variable should be a string of two numbers, separated by a + semicolon, except in the case of GREP_COLORS, which must start with "ms=" or "mt=" followed by two semicolon-separated colours, terminated by the end of the string or by a colon. If GREP_COLORS does not start with "ms=" or "mt=" it is ig- @@ -250,13 +268,13 @@ OPTIONS tains any characters other than semicolon or digits, the set- ting is ignored and the default colour is used. The string is copied directly into the control string for setting colour on - a terminal, so it is your responsibility to ensure that the - values make sense. If no relevant environment variable is + a terminal, so it is your responsibility to ensure that the + values make sense. If no relevant environment variable is set, the default is "1;31", which gives red. -D action, --devices=action - If an input path is not a regular file or a directory, "ac- - tion" specifies how it is to be processed. Valid values are + If an input path is not a regular file or a directory, "ac- + tion" specifies how it is to be processed. Valid values are "read" (the default) or "skip" (silently skip the path). -d action, --directories=action @@ -273,35 +291,36 @@ OPTIONS --depth-limit=number See --match-limit below. + -E, --case-restrict + When case distinctions are being ignored in Unicode mode, two + ASCII letters (K and S) will by default match Unicode charac- + ters U+212A (Kelvin sign) and U+017F (long S) respectively, + as well as their lower case ASCII counterparts. When this op- + tion is set, case equivalences are restricted such that no + ASCII character matches a non-ASCII character, and vice + versa. + -e pattern, --regex=pattern, --regexp=pattern Specify a pattern to be matched. This option can be used mul- tiple times in order to specify several patterns. It can also - be used as a way of specifying a single pattern that starts - with a hyphen. When -e is used, no argument pattern is taken - from the command line; all arguments are treated as file - names. There is no limit to the number of patterns. They are - applied to each line in the order in which they are defined - until one matches. + be used as a way of specifying a single pattern that starts + with a hyphen. When -e is used, no argument pattern is taken + from the command line; all arguments are treated as file + names. There is no limit to the number of patterns. They are + applied to each line in the order in which they are defined. If -f is used with -e, the command line patterns are matched first, followed by the patterns from the file(s), independent - of the order in which these options are specified. Note that - multiple use of -e is not the same as a single pattern with - alternatives. For example, X|Y finds the first character in a - line that is X or Y, whereas if the two patterns are given - separately, with X first, pcre2grep finds X if it is present, - even if it follows Y in the line. It finds Y only if there is - no X in the line. This matters only if you are using -o or - --colo(u)r to show the part(s) of the line that matched. + of the order in which these options are specified. --exclude=pattern Files (but not directories) whose names match the pattern are - skipped without being processed. This applies to all files, - whether listed on the command line, obtained from --file- + skipped without being processed. This applies to all files, + whether listed on the command line, obtained from --file- list, or by scanning a directory. The pattern is a PCRE2 reg- ular expression, and is matched against the final component of the file name, not the entire path. The -F, -w, and -x op- - tions do not apply to this pattern. The option may be given + tions do not apply to this pattern. The option may be given any number of times in order to specify multiple patterns. If a file name matches both an --include and an --exclude pat- tern, it is excluded. There is no short form for this option. @@ -309,8 +328,8 @@ OPTIONS --exclude-from=filename Treat each non-empty line of the file as the data for an --exclude option. What constitutes a newline when reading the - file is the operating system's default. The --newline option - has no effect on this option. This option may be given more + file is the operating system's default. The --newline option + has no effect on this option. This option may be given more than once in order to specify a number of files to read. --exclude-dir=pattern @@ -334,75 +353,76 @@ OPTIONS -x (match whole line) options can be used with -F. They ap- ply to each of the fixed strings. A line is selected if any of the fixed strings are found in it (subject to -w or -x, if - present). This option applies only to the patterns that are - matched against the contents of files; it does not apply to - patterns specified by any of the --include or --exclude op- + present). This option applies only to the patterns that are + matched against the contents of files; it does not apply to + patterns specified by any of the --include or --exclude op- tions. -f filename, --file=filename - Read patterns from the file, one per line, and match them - against each line of input. As is the case with patterns on - the command line, no delimiters should be used. What consti- - tutes a newline when reading the file is the operating sys- - tem's default interpretation of \n. The --newline option has - no effect on this option. Trailing white space is removed - from each line, and blank lines are ignored. An empty file - contains no patterns and therefore matches nothing. Patterns - read from a file in this way may contain binary zeros, which - are treated as ordinary data characters. See also the com- - ments about multiple patterns versus a single pattern with - alternatives in the description of -e above. + Read patterns from the file, one per line. As is the case + with patterns on the command line, no delimiters should be + used. What constitutes a newline when reading the file is the + operating system's default interpretation of \n. The --new- + line option has no effect on this option. Trailing white + space is removed from each line, and blank lines are ignored. + An empty file contains no patterns and therefore matches + nothing. Patterns read from a file in this way may contain + binary zeros, which are treated as ordinary data characters. If this option is given more than once, all the specified files are read. A data line is output if any of the patterns match it. A file name can be given as "-" to refer to the standard input. When -f is used, patterns specified on the - command line using -e may also be present; they are tested - before the file's patterns. However, no other pattern is - taken from the command line; all arguments are treated as the - names of paths to be searched. + command line using -e may also be present; they are matched + before the file's patterns. However, no pattern is taken from + the command line; all arguments are treated as the names of + paths to be searched. --file-list=filename - Read a list of files and/or directories that are to be + Read a list of files and/or directories that are to be scanned from the given file, one per line. What constitutes a newline when reading the file is the operating system's de- fault. Trailing white space is removed from each line, and blank lines are ignored. These paths are processed before any - that are listed on the command line. The file name can be - given as "-" to refer to the standard input. If --file and - --file-list are both specified as "-", patterns are read - first. This is useful only when the standard input is a ter- - minal, from which further lines (the list of files) can be + that are listed on the command line. The file name can be + given as "-" to refer to the standard input. If --file and + --file-list are both specified as "-", patterns are read + first. This is useful only when the standard input is a ter- + minal, from which further lines (the list of files) can be read after an end-of-file indication. If this option is given more than once, all the specified files are read. --file-offsets Instead of showing lines or parts of lines that match, show each match as an offset from the start of the file and a - length, separated by a comma. In this mode, no context is - shown. That is, the -A, -B, and -C options are ignored. If - there is more than one match in a line, each of them is shown - separately. This option is mutually exclusive with --output, - --line-offsets, and --only-matching. + length, separated by a comma. In this mode, --colour has no + effect, and no context is shown. That is, the -A, -B, and -C + options are ignored. If there is more than one match in a + line, each of them is shown separately. This option is mutu- + ally exclusive with --output, --line-offsets, and --only- + matching. -H, --with-filename - Force the inclusion of the file name at the start of output - lines when searching a single file. By default, the file name - is not shown in this case. For matching lines, the file name - is followed by a colon; for context lines, a hyphen separator - is used. If a line number is also being output, it follows - the file name. When the -M option causes a pattern to match - more than one line, only the first is preceded by the file - name. This option overrides any previous -h, -l, or -L op- - tions. + Force the inclusion of the file name at the start of output + lines when searching a single file. The file name is not nor- + mally shown in this case. By default, for matching lines, + the file name is followed by a colon; for context lines, a + hyphen separator is used. The -Z option can be used to change + the terminator to a zero byte. If a line number is also being + output, it follows the file name. When the -M option causes a + pattern to match more than one line, only the first is pre- + ceded by the file name. This option overrides any previous + -h, -l, or -L options. -h, --no-filename Suppress the output file names when searching multiple files. - By default, file names are shown when multiple files are - searched. For matching lines, the file name is followed by a - colon; for context lines, a hyphen separator is used. If a - line number is also being output, it follows the file name. - This option overrides any previous -H, -L, or -l options. + File names are normally shown when multiple files are + searched. By default, for matching lines, the file name is + followed by a colon; for context lines, a hyphen separator is + used. The -Z option can be used to change the terminator to a + zero byte. If a line number is also being output, it follows + the file name. This option overrides any previous -H, -L, or + -l options. --heap-limit=number See --match-limit below. @@ -415,10 +435,12 @@ OPTIONS files=without-match. -i, --ignore-case - Ignore upper/lower case distinctions during comparisons. + Ignore upper/lower case distinctions when pattern matching. + This applies when matching path names for inclusion or exclu- + sion as well as when matching lines in files. --include=pattern - If any --include patterns are specified, the only files that + If any --include patterns are specified, the only files that are processed are those whose names match one of the patterns and do not match an --exclude pattern. This option does not affect directories, but it applies to all files, whether @@ -434,7 +456,7 @@ OPTIONS --include-from=filename Treat each non-empty line of the file as the data for an --include option. What constitutes a newline for this purpose - is the operating system's default. The --newline option has + is the operating system's default. The --newline option has no effect on this option. This option may be given any number of times; all the files are read. @@ -448,28 +470,30 @@ OPTIONS matched against the final component of the directory name, not the entire path. The -F, -w, and -x options do not apply to this pattern. The option may be given any number of times. - If a directory matches both --include-dir and --exclude-dir, + If a directory matches both --include-dir and --exclude-dir, it is excluded. There is no short form for this option. -L, --files-without-match - Instead of outputting lines from the files, just output the - names of the files that do not contain any lines that would - have been output. Each file name is output once, on a sepa- - rate line. This option overrides any previous -H, -h, or -l - options. + Instead of outputting lines from the files, just output the + names of the files that do not contain any lines that would + have been output. Each file name is output once, on a sepa- + rate line by default, but if the -Z option is set, they are + separated by zero bytes instead of newlines. This option + overrides any previous -H, -h, or -l options. -l, --files-with-matches Instead of outputting lines from the files, just output the names of the files containing lines that would have been out- - put. Each file name is output once, on a separate line. - Searching normally stops as soon as a matching line is found - in a file. However, if the -c (count) option is also used, - matching continues in order to obtain the correct count, and - those files that have at least one match are listed along - with their counts. Using this option with -c is a way of sup- - pressing the listing of files with no matches that occurs - with -c on its own. This option overrides any previous -H, - -h, or -L options. + put. Each file name is output once, on a separate line, but + if the -Z option is set, they are separated by zero bytes in- + stead of newlines. Searching normally stops as soon as a + matching line is found in a file. However, if the -c (count) + option is also used, matching continues in order to obtain + the correct count, and those files that have at least one + match are listed along with their counts. Using this option + with -c is a way of suppressing the listing of files with no + matches that occurs with -c on its own. This option overrides + any previous -H, -h, or -L options. --label=name This option supplies a name to be used for the standard input @@ -493,26 +517,26 @@ OPTIONS --line-offsets Instead of showing lines or parts of lines that match, show each match as a line number, the offset from the start of the - line, and a length. The line number is terminated by a colon - (as usual; see the -n option), and the offset and length are - separated by a comma. In this mode, no context is shown. - That is, the -A, -B, and -C options are ignored. If there is - more than one match in a line, each of them is shown sepa- - rately. This option is mutually exclusive with --output, - --file-offsets, and --only-matching. + line, and a length. The line number is terminated by a colon + (as usual; see the -n option), and the offset and length are + separated by a comma. In this mode, --colour has no effect, + and no context is shown. That is, the -A, -B, and -C options + are ignored. If there is more than one match in a line, each + of them is shown separately. This option is mutually exclu- + sive with --output, --file-offsets, and --only-matching. --locale=locale-name - This option specifies a locale to be used for pattern match- - ing. It overrides the value in the LC_ALL or LC_CTYPE envi- - ronment variables. If no locale is specified, the PCRE2 li- + This option specifies a locale to be used for pattern match- + ing. It overrides the value in the LC_ALL or LC_CTYPE envi- + ronment variables. If no locale is specified, the PCRE2 li- brary's default (usually the "C" locale) is used. There is no short form for this option. -M, --multiline Allow patterns to match more than one line. When this option is set, the PCRE2 library is called in "multiline" mode. This - allows a matched string to extend past the end of a line and - continue on one or more subsequent lines. Patterns used with + allows a matched string to extend past the end of a line and + continue on one or more subsequent lines. Patterns used with -M may usefully contain literal newline characters and inter- nal occurrences of ^ and $ characters. The output for a suc- cessful match may consist of more than one line. The first @@ -533,22 +557,24 @@ OPTIONS pcre2grep -M 'regular\s+expression' The \s escape sequence matches any white space character, in- - cluding newlines, and is followed by + so as to match trail- - ing white space on the first line as well as possibly han- + cluding newlines, and is followed by + so as to match trail- + ing white space on the first line as well as possibly han- dling a two-character newline sequence. - There is a limit to the number of lines that can be matched, - imposed by the way that pcre2grep buffers the input file as - it scans it. With a sufficiently large processing buffer, - this should not be a problem, but the -M option does not work - when input is read line by line (see --line-buffered.) + There is a limit to the number of lines that can be matched, + imposed by the way that pcre2grep buffers the input file as + it scans it. With a sufficiently large processing buffer, + this should not be a problem. + + The -M option does not work when input is read line by line + (see --line-buffered.) -m number, --max-count=number - Stop processing after finding number matching lines, or non- - matching lines if -v is also set. Any trailing context lines - are output after the final match. In multiline mode, each - multiline match counts as just one line for this purpose. If - this limit is reached when reading the standard input from a + Stop processing after finding number matching lines, or non- + matching lines if -v is also set. Any trailing context lines + are output after the final match. In multiline mode, each + multiline match counts as just one line for this purpose. If + this limit is reached when reading the standard input from a regular file, the file is left positioned just after the last matching line. If -c is also set, the count that is output is never greater than number. This option has no effect if @@ -556,31 +582,28 @@ OPTIONS a binary file. --match-limit=number - Processing some regular expression patterns may take a very + Processing some regular expression patterns may take a very long time to search for all possible matching strings. Others may require a very large amount of memory. There are three options that set resource limits for matching. The --match-limit option provides a means of limiting comput- - ing resource usage when processing patterns that are not go- + ing resource usage when processing patterns that are not go- ing to match, but which have a very large number of possibil- ities in their search trees. The classic example is a pattern - that uses nested unlimited repeats. Internally, PCRE2 has a - counter that is incremented each time around its main pro- - cessing loop. If the value set by --match-limit is reached, + that uses nested unlimited repeats. Internally, PCRE2 has a + counter that is incremented each time around its main pro- + cessing loop. If the value set by --match-limit is reached, an error occurs. - The --heap-limit option specifies, as a number of kibibytes - (units of 1024 bytes), the amount of heap memory that may be - used for matching. Heap memory is needed only if matching the - pattern requires a significant number of nested backtracking - points to be remembered. This parameter can be set to zero to - forbid the use of heap memory altogether. + The --heap-limit option specifies, as a number of kibibytes + (units of 1024 bytes), the maximum amount of heap memory that + may be used for matching. - The --depth-limit option limits the depth of nested back- + The --depth-limit option limits the depth of nested back- tracking points, which indirectly limits the amount of memory that is used. The amount of memory needed for each backtrack- - ing point depends on the number of capturing parentheses in + ing point depends on the number of capturing parentheses in the pattern, so the amount of memory that is used before this limit acts varies from pattern to pattern. This limit is of use only if it is set smaller than --match-limit. @@ -602,24 +625,24 @@ OPTIONS pcre2grep -N CRLF 'some pattern' - The newline type may be specified in upper, lower, or mixed - case. If the newline type is NUL, lines are separated by bi- - nary zero characters. The other types are the single-charac- - ter sequences CR (carriage return) and LF (linefeed), the - two-character sequence CRLF, an "anycrlf" type, which recog- - nizes any of the preceding three types, and an "any" type, - for which any Unicode line ending sequence is assumed to end - a line. The Unicode sequences are the three just mentioned, - plus VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF (form feed, U+000C), NEL - (next line, U+0085), LS (line separator, U+2028), and PS + The newline type may be specified in upper, lower, or mixed + case. If the newline type is NUL, lines are separated by bi- + nary zero characters. The other types are the single-charac- + ter sequences CR (carriage return) and LF (linefeed), the + two-character sequence CRLF, an "anycrlf" type, which recog- + nizes any of the preceding three types, and an "any" type, + for which any Unicode line ending sequence is assumed to end + a line. The Unicode sequences are the three just mentioned, + plus VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF (form feed, U+000C), NEL + (next line, U+0085), LS (line separator, U+2028), and PS (paragraph separator, U+2029). - When the PCRE2 library is built, a default line-ending se- - quence is specified. This is normally the standard sequence - for the operating system. Unless otherwise specified by this + When the PCRE2 library is built, a default line-ending se- + quence is specified. This is normally the standard sequence + for the operating system. Unless otherwise specified by this option, pcre2grep uses the library's default. - This option makes it possible to use pcre2grep to scan files + This option makes it possible to use pcre2grep to scan files that have come from other environments without having to mod- ify their line endings. If the data that is being scanned does not agree with the convention set by this option, @@ -630,7 +653,7 @@ OPTIONS -n, --line-number Precede each output line by its line number in the file, fol- - lowed by a colon for matching lines or a hyphen for context + lowed by a colon for matching lines or a hyphen for context lines. If the file name is also being output, it precedes the line number. When the -M option causes a pattern to match more than one line, only the first is preceded by its line @@ -640,26 +663,26 @@ OPTIONS compiling (which speeds up matching), pcre2grep automatically makes use of this, unless it was explicitly disabled at build time. This option can be used to disable the use of JIT at - run time. It is provided for testing and working round prob- + run time. It is provided for testing and working around prob- lems. It should never be needed in normal use. -O text, --output=text - When there is a match, instead of outputting the line that - matched, output just the text specified in this option, fol- - lowed by an operating-system standard newline. In this mode, - no context is shown. That is, the -A, -B, and -C options are - ignored. The --newline option has no effect on this option, - which is mutually exclusive with --only-matching, --file-off- - sets, and --line-offsets. However, like --only-matching, if - there is more than one match in a line, each of them causes a - line of output. + When there is a match, instead of outputting the line that + matched, output just the text specified in this option, fol- + lowed by an operating-system standard newline. In this mode, + --colour has no effect, and no context is shown. That is, + the -A, -B, and -C options are ignored. The --newline option + has no effect on this option, which is mutually exclusive + with --only-matching, --file-offsets, and --line-offsets. + However, like --only-matching, if there is more than one + match in a line, each of them causes a line of output. Escape sequences starting with a dollar character may be used to insert the contents of the matched part of the line and/or captured substrings into the text. - $ or ${ } is replaced by the captured sub- - string of the given decimal number; zero substitutes the + $ or ${ } is replaced by the captured sub- + string of the given decimal number; zero substitutes the whole match. If the number is greater than the number of cap- turing substrings, or if the capture is unset, the replace- ment is empty. @@ -669,18 +692,18 @@ OPTIONS $v by vertical tab. $o or $o{ } is replaced by the character whose - code point is the given octal number. In the first form, up - to three octal digits are processed. When more digits are - needed in Unicode mode to specify a wide character, the sec- + code point is the given octal number. In the first form, up + to three octal digits are processed. When more digits are + needed in Unicode mode to specify a wide character, the sec- ond form must be used. - $x or $x{ } is replaced by the character rep- - resented by the given hexadecimal number. In the first form, - up to two hexadecimal digits are processed. When more digits - are needed in Unicode mode to specify a wide character, the + $x or $x{ } is replaced by the character rep- + resented by the given hexadecimal number. In the first form, + up to two hexadecimal digits are processed. When more digits + are needed in Unicode mode to specify a wide character, the second form must be used. - Any other character is substituted by itself. In particular, + Any other character is substituted by itself. In particular, $$ is replaced by a single dollar. -o, --only-matching @@ -700,10 +723,10 @@ OPTIONS -onumber, --only-matching=number Show only the part of the line that matched the capturing parentheses of the given number. Up to 50 capturing parenthe- - ses are supported by default. This limit can be changed via - the --om-capture option. A pattern may contain any number of - capturing parentheses, but only those whose number is within - the limit can be accessed by -o. An error occurs if the num- + ses are supported by default. This limit can be changed via + the --om-capture option. A pattern may contain any number of + capturing parentheses, but only those whose number is within + the limit can be accessed by -o. An error occurs if the num- ber specified by -o is greater than the limit. -o0 is the same as -o without a number. Because these options @@ -731,32 +754,45 @@ OPTIONS The default is an empty string. Separating strings are never coloured. + -P, --no-ucp + Starting from release 10.43, when UTF/Unicode mode is speci- + fied with -u or -U, the PCRE2_UCP option is used by default. + This means that the POSIX classes in patterns match more than + just ASCII characters. For example, [:digit:] matches any + Unicode decimal digit. The --no-ucp option suppresses + PCRE2_UCP, thus restricting the POSIX classes to ASCII char- + acters, as was the case in earlier releases. Note that there + are now more fine-grained option settings within patterns + that affect individual classes. For example, when in UCP + mode, the sequence (?aP) restricts [:word:] to ASCII letters, + while allowing \w to match Unicode letters and digits. + -q, --quiet Work quietly, that is, display nothing except error messages. - The exit status indicates whether or not any matches were + The exit status indicates whether or not any matches were found. -r, --recursive - If any given path is a directory, recursively scan the files - it contains, taking note of any --include and --exclude set- - tings. By default, a directory is read as a normal file; in - some operating systems this gives an immediate end-of-file. - This option is a shorthand for setting the -d option to "re- + If any given path is a directory, recursively scan the files + it contains, taking note of any --include and --exclude set- + tings. By default, a directory is read as a normal file; in + some operating systems this gives an immediate end-of-file. + This option is a shorthand for setting the -d option to "re- curse". --recursion-limit=number - This is an obsolete synonym for --depth-limit. See --match- + This is an obsolete synonym for --depth-limit. See --match- limit above for details. -s, --no-messages - Suppress error messages about non-existent or unreadable - files. Such files are quietly skipped. However, the return + Suppress error messages about non-existent or unreadable + files. Such files are quietly skipped. However, the return code is still 2, even if matches were found in other files. -t, --total-count - This option is useful when scanning more than one file. If - used on its own, -t suppresses all output except for a grand - total number of matching lines (or non-matching lines if -v + This option is useful when scanning more than one file. If + used on its own, -t suppresses all output except for a grand + total number of matching lines (or non-matching lines if -v is used) in all the files. If -t is used with -c, a grand to- tal is output except when the previous output is just one line. In other words, it is not output when just one file's @@ -766,11 +802,12 @@ OPTIONS (list files without matches), because the grand total would always be zero. - -u, --utf Operate in UTF-8 mode. This option is available only if PCRE2 - has been compiled with UTF-8 support. All patterns (including - those for any --exclude and --include options) and all lines - that are scanned must be valid strings of UTF-8 characters. - If an invalid UTF-8 string is encountered, an error occurs. + -u, --utf Operate in UTF/Unicode mode. This option is available only if + PCRE2 has been compiled with UTF-8 support. All patterns (in- + cluding those for any --exclude and --include options) and + all lines that are scanned must be valid strings of UTF-8 + characters. If an invalid UTF-8 string is encountered, an er- + ror occurs. -U, --utf-allow-invalid As --utf, but in addition subject lines may contain invalid @@ -795,23 +832,30 @@ OPTIONS -w, --word-regex, --word-regexp Force the patterns only to match "words". That is, there must - be a word boundary at the start and end of each matched - string. This is equivalent to having "\b(?:" at the start of - each pattern, and ")\b" at the end. This option applies only - to the patterns that are matched against the contents of - files; it does not apply to patterns specified by any of the + be a word boundary at the start and end of each matched + string. This is equivalent to having "\b(?:" at the start of + each pattern, and ")\b" at the end. This option applies only + to the patterns that are matched against the contents of + files; it does not apply to patterns specified by any of the --include or --exclude options. -x, --line-regex, --line-regexp - Force the patterns to start matching only at the beginnings - of lines, and in addition, require them to match entire + Force the patterns to start matching only at the beginnings + of lines, and in addition, require them to match entire lines. In multiline mode the match may be more than one line. This is equivalent to having "^(?:" at the start of each pat- - tern and ")$" at the end. This option applies only to the - patterns that are matched against the contents of files; it - does not apply to patterns specified by any of the --include + tern and ")$" at the end. This option applies only to the + patterns that are matched against the contents of files; it + does not apply to patterns specified by any of the --include or --exclude options. + -Z, --null + Terminate files names in the regular output with a zero byte + (the NUL character) instead of what would normally appear. + This is useful when file names contain unusual characters + such as colons, hyphens, or even newlines. The option does + not apply to file names in error messages. + ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES @@ -846,22 +890,24 @@ NEWLINES stream, "\n" is used. -OPTIONS COMPATIBILITY +OPTIONS COMPATIBILITY WITH GNU GREP Many of the short and long forms of pcre2grep's options are the same as - in the GNU grep program. Any long option of the form --xxx-regexp (GNU - terminology) is also available as --xxx-regex (PCRE2 terminology). How- - ever, the --depth-limit, --file-list, --file-offsets, --heap-limit, - --include-dir, --line-offsets, --locale, --match-limit, -M, --multi- - line, -N, --newline, --om-separator, --output, -u, --utf, -U, and - --utf-allow-invalid options are specific to pcre2grep, as is the use of - the --only-matching option with a capturing parentheses number. - - Although most of the common options work the same way, a few are dif- - ferent in pcre2grep. For example, the --include option's argument is a - glob for GNU grep, but a regular expression for pcre2grep. If both the - -c and -l options are given, GNU grep lists only file names, without - counts, but pcre2grep gives the counts as well. + in the GNU grep program. Any long option of the form --xxx-regexp (GNU + terminology) is also available as --xxx-regex (PCRE2 terminology). + However, the --case-restrict, --depth-limit, -E, --file-list, --file- + offsets, --heap-limit, --include-dir, --line-offsets, --locale, + --match-limit, -M, --multiline, -N, --newline, --no-ucp, --om-separa- + tor, --output, -P, -u, --utf, -U, and --utf-allow-invalid options are + specific to pcre2grep, as is the use of the --only-matching option with + a capturing parentheses number. + + Although most of the common options work the same way, a few are dif- + ferent in pcre2grep. For example, the --include option's argument is a + glob for GNU grep, but in pcre2grep it is a regular expression to which + the -i option applies. If both the -c and -l options are given, GNU + grep lists only file names, without counts, but pcre2grep gives the + counts as well. OPTIONS WITH DATA @@ -874,36 +920,36 @@ OPTIONS WITH DATA -f/some/file -f /some/file - The exception is the -o option, which may appear with or without data. - Because of this, if data is present, it must follow immediately in the + The exception is the -o option, which may appear with or without data. + Because of this, if data is present, it must follow immediately in the same item, for example -o3. - If a long form option is used, the data may appear in the same command - line item, separated by an equals character, or (with two exceptions) + If a long form option is used, the data may appear in the same command + line item, separated by an equals character, or (with two exceptions) it may appear in the next command line item. For example: --file=/some/file --file /some/file - Note, however, that if you want to supply a file name beginning with ~ - as data in a shell command, and have the shell expand ~ to a home di- - rectory, you must separate the file name from the option, because the + Note, however, that if you want to supply a file name beginning with ~ + as data in a shell command, and have the shell expand ~ to a home di- + rectory, you must separate the file name from the option, because the shell does not treat ~ specially unless it is at the start of an item. - The exceptions to the above are the --colour (or --color) and --only- - matching options, for which the data is optional. If one of these op- - tions does have data, it must be given in the first form, using an + The exceptions to the above are the --colour (or --color) and --only- + matching options, for which the data is optional. If one of these op- + tions does have data, it must be given in the first form, using an equals character. Otherwise pcre2grep will assume that it has no data. USING PCRE2'S CALLOUT FACILITY - pcre2grep has, by default, support for calling external programs or - scripts or echoing specific strings during matching by making use of - PCRE2's callout facility. However, this support can be completely or - partially disabled when pcre2grep is built. You can find out whether - your binary has support for callouts by running it with the --help op- - tion. If callout support is completely disabled, all callouts in pat- + pcre2grep has, by default, support for calling external programs or + scripts or echoing specific strings during matching by making use of + PCRE2's callout facility. However, this support can be completely or + partially disabled when pcre2grep is built. You can find out whether + your binary has support for callouts by running it with the --help op- + tion. If callout support is completely disabled, all callouts in pat- terns are ignored by pcre2grep. If the facility is partially disabled, calling external programs is not supported, and callouts that request it are ignored. @@ -917,23 +963,23 @@ USING PCRE2'S CALLOUT FACILITY Starting the callout string with a pipe character invokes an echoing facility that avoids calling an external program or script. This facil- - ity is always available, provided that callouts were not completely - disabled when pcre2grep was built. The rest of the callout string is - processed as a zero-terminated string, which means it should not con- - tain any internal binary zeros. It is written to the output, having - first been passed through the same escape processing as text from the - --output (-O) option (see above). However, $0 cannot be used to insert - a matched substring because the match is still in progress. Instead, - the single character '0' is inserted. Any syntax errors in the string - (for example, a dollar not followed by another character) causes the - callout to be ignored. No terminator is added to the output string, so - if you want a newline, you must include it explicitly using the escape + ity is always available, provided that callouts were not completely + disabled when pcre2grep was built. The rest of the callout string is + processed as a zero-terminated string, which means it should not con- + tain any internal binary zeros. It is written to the output, having + first been passed through the same escape processing as text from the + --output (-O) option (see above). However, $0 cannot be used to insert + a matched substring because the match is still in progress. Instead, + the single character '0' is inserted. Any syntax errors in the string + (for example, a dollar not followed by another character) causes the + callout to be ignored. No terminator is added to the output string, so + if you want a newline, you must include it explicitly using the escape $n. For example: pcre2grep '(.)(..(.))(?C"|[$1] [$2] [$3]$n")' - Matching continues normally after the string is output. If you want to - see only the callout output but not any output from an actual match, + Matching continues normally after the string is output. If you want to + see only the callout output but not any output from an actual match, you should end the pattern with (*FAIL). Calling external programs or scripts @@ -944,14 +990,14 @@ USING PCRE2'S CALLOUT FACILITY fork() and execv() are available. If the callout string does not start with a pipe (vertical bar) charac- - ter, it is parsed into a list of substrings separated by pipe charac- - ters. The first substring must be an executable name, with the follow- + ter, it is parsed into a list of substrings separated by pipe charac- + ters. The first substring must be an executable name, with the follow- ing substrings specifying arguments: executable_name|arg1|arg2|... - Any substring (including the executable name) may contain escape se- - quences started by a dollar character. These are the same as for the + Any substring (including the executable name) may contain escape se- + quences started by a dollar character. These are the same as for the --output (-O) option documented above, except that $0 cannot insert the matched string because the match is still in progress. Instead, the character '0' is inserted. If you need a literal dollar or pipe charac- @@ -968,30 +1014,30 @@ USING PCRE2'S CALLOUT FACILITY Arg1: [1] [234] [4] Arg2: |1| () 12345 - The parameters for the system call that is used to run the program or + The parameters for the system call that is used to run the program or script are zero-terminated strings. This means that binary zero charac- ters in the callout argument will cause premature termination of their substrings, and therefore should not be present. Any syntax errors in the string (for example, a dollar not followed by another character) causes the callout to be ignored. If running the program fails for any - reason (including the non-existence of the executable), a local match- + reason (including the non-existence of the executable), a local match- ing failure occurs and the matcher backtracks in the normal way. MATCHING ERRORS - It is possible to supply a regular expression that takes a very long - time to fail to match certain lines. Such patterns normally involve - nested indefinite repeats, for example: (a+)*\d when matched against a - line of a's with no final digit. The PCRE2 matching function has a re- - source limit that causes it to abort in these circumstances. If this - happens, pcre2grep outputs an error message and the line that caused - the problem to the standard error stream. If there are more than 20 + It is possible to supply a regular expression that takes a very long + time to fail to match certain lines. Such patterns normally involve + nested indefinite repeats, for example: (a+)*\d when matched against a + line of a's with no final digit. The PCRE2 matching function has a re- + source limit that causes it to abort in these circumstances. If this + happens, pcre2grep outputs an error message and the line that caused + the problem to the standard error stream. If there are more than 20 such errors, pcre2grep gives up. - The --match-limit option of pcre2grep can be used to set the overall - resource limit. There are also other limits that affect the amount of - memory used during matching; see the discussion of --heap-limit and + The --match-limit option of pcre2grep can be used to set the overall + resource limit. There are also other limits that affect the amount of + memory used during matching; see the discussion of --heap-limit and --depth-limit above. @@ -1003,8 +1049,8 @@ DIAGNOSTICS errors. Using the -s option to suppress error messages about inaccessi- ble files does not affect the return code. - When run under VMS, the return code is placed in the symbol - PCRE2GREP_RC because VMS does not distinguish between exit(0) and + When run under VMS, the return code is placed in the symbol + PCRE2GREP_RC because VMS does not distinguish between exit(0) and exit(1). @@ -1022,5 +1068,8 @@ AUTHOR REVISION - Last updated: 31 August 2021 - Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. + Last updated: 08 February 2023 + Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. + + +PCRE2 10.43 08 February 2023 PCRE2GREP(1) diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2jit.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2jit.3 index f0b3b15..51dc9ef 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2jit.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2jit.3 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2JIT 3 "30 November 2021" "PCRE2 10.40" +.TH PCRE2JIT 3 "23 January 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .SH "PCRE2 JUST-IN-TIME COMPILER SUPPORT" @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ one-off matches. JIT support is available for all of the 8-bit, 16-bit and .P JIT support applies only to the traditional Perl-compatible matching function. It does not apply when the DFA matching function is being used. The code for -this support was written by Zoltan Herczeg. +JIT support was written by Zoltan Herczeg. . . .SH "AVAILABILITY OF JIT SUPPORT" @@ -31,18 +31,37 @@ platforms: ARM 64-bit IBM s390x 64 bit Intel x86 32-bit and 64-bit + LoongArch 64 bit MIPS 32-bit and 64-bit Power PC 32-bit and 64-bit - SPARC 32-bit + RISC-V 32-bit and 64-bit .sp If --enable-jit is set on an unsupported platform, compilation fails. .P -A program can tell if JIT support is available by calling \fBpcre2_config()\fP -with the PCRE2_CONFIG_JIT option. The result is 1 when JIT is available, and 0 -otherwise. However, a simple program does not need to check this in order to -use JIT. The API is implemented in a way that falls back to the interpretive -code if JIT is not available. For programs that need the best possible -performance, there is also a "fast path" API that is JIT-specific. +A client program can tell if JIT support is available by calling +\fBpcre2_config()\fP with the PCRE2_CONFIG_JIT option. The result is one if +PCRE2 was built with JIT support, and zero otherwise. However, having the JIT +code available does not guarantee that it will be used for any particular +match. One reason for this is that there are a number of options and pattern +items that are +.\" HTML +.\" +not supported by JIT +.\" +(see below). Another reason is that in some environments JIT is unable to get +memory in which to build its compiled code. The only guarantee from +\fBpcre2_config()\fP is that if it returns zero, JIT will definitely \fInot\fP +be used. +.P +A simple program does not need to check availability in order to use JIT when +possible. The API is implemented in a way that falls back to the interpretive +code if JIT is not available or cannot be used for a given match. For programs +that need the best possible performance, there is a +.\" HTML +.\" +"fast path" +.\" +API that is JIT-specific. . . .SH "SIMPLE USE OF JIT" @@ -99,9 +118,13 @@ below. .P There are some \fBpcre2_match()\fP options that are not supported by JIT, and there are also some pattern items that JIT cannot handle. Details are given -below. In both cases, matching automatically falls back to the interpretive -code. If you want to know whether JIT was actually used for a particular match, -you should arrange for a JIT callback function to be set up as described in the +.\" HTML +.\" +below. +.\" +In both cases, matching automatically falls back to the interpretive code. If +you want to know whether JIT was actually used for a particular match, you +should arrange for a JIT callback function to be set up as described in the section entitled .\" HTML .\" @@ -113,12 +136,14 @@ match-time options are not right for JIT execution, the callback function is not obeyed. .P If the JIT compiler finds an unsupported item, no JIT data is generated. You -can find out if JIT matching is available after compiling a pattern by calling -\fBpcre2_pattern_info()\fP with the PCRE2_INFO_JITSIZE option. A non-zero -result means that JIT compilation was successful. A result of 0 means that JIT -support is not available, or the pattern was not processed by +can find out if JIT compilation was successful for a compiled pattern by +calling \fBpcre2_pattern_info()\fP with the PCRE2_INFO_JITSIZE option. A +non-zero result means that JIT compilation was successful. A result of 0 means +that JIT support is not available, or the pattern was not processed by \fBpcre2_jit_compile()\fP, or the JIT compiler was not able to handle the -pattern. +pattern. Successful JIT compilation does not, however, guarantee the use of JIT +at match time because there are some match time options that are not supported +by JIT. . . .SH "MATCHING SUBJECTS CONTAINING INVALID UTF" @@ -130,14 +155,15 @@ checked at the start of matching and an error is generated if invalid UTF is detected. The PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK option can be passed to \fBpcre2_match()\fP to skip the check (for improved performance) if you are sure that a subject string is valid. If this option is used with an invalid string, the result is -undefined. +undefined. The calling program may crash or loop or otherwise misbehave. .P However, a way of running matches on strings that may contain invalid UTF sequences is available. Calling \fBpcre2_compile()\fP with the PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF option has two effects: it tells the interpreter in \fBpcre2_match()\fP to support invalid UTF, and, if \fBpcre2_jit_compile()\fP -is called, the compiled JIT code also supports invalid UTF. Details of how this -support works, in both the JIT and the interpretive cases, is given in the +is subsequently called, the compiled JIT code also supports invalid UTF. +Details of how this support works, in both the JIT and the interpretive cases, +is given in the .\" HREF \fBpcre2unicode\fP .\" @@ -149,6 +175,7 @@ It is superseded by the \fBpcre2_compile()\fP option PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF and should no longer be used. It may be removed in future. . . +.\" HTML .SH "UNSUPPORTED OPTIONS AND PATTERN ITEMS" .rs .sp @@ -169,10 +196,10 @@ in a conditional group. .SH "RETURN VALUES FROM JIT MATCHING" .rs .sp -When a pattern is matched using JIT matching, the return values are the same -as those given by the interpretive \fBpcre2_match()\fP code, with the addition -of one new error code: PCRE2_ERROR_JIT_STACKLIMIT. This means that the memory -used for the JIT stack was insufficient. See +When a pattern is matched using JIT, the return values are the same as those +given by the interpretive \fBpcre2_match()\fP code, with the addition of one +new error code: PCRE2_ERROR_JIT_STACKLIMIT. This means that the memory used for +the JIT stack was insufficient. See .\" HTML .\" "Controlling the JIT stack" @@ -393,6 +420,7 @@ calls. .sp . . +.\" HTML .SH "JIT FAST PATH API" .rs .sp @@ -408,18 +436,21 @@ processed by \fBpcre2_jit_compile()\fP). The fast path function is called \fBpcre2_jit_match()\fP, and it takes exactly the same arguments as \fBpcre2_match()\fP. However, the subject string must be specified with a length; PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED is not supported. Unsupported -option bits (for example, PCRE2_ANCHORED, PCRE2_ENDANCHORED and -PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT) are ignored, as is the PCRE2_NO_JIT option. The -return values are also the same as for \fBpcre2_match()\fP, plus -PCRE2_ERROR_JIT_BADOPTION if a matching mode (partial or complete) is requested -that was not compiled. +option bits (for example, PCRE2_ANCHORED and PCRE2_ENDANCHORED) are ignored, as +is the PCRE2_NO_JIT option. The return values are also the same as for +\fBpcre2_match()\fP, plus PCRE2_ERROR_JIT_BADOPTION if a matching mode (partial +or complete) is requested that was not compiled. .P When you call \fBpcre2_match()\fP, as well as testing for invalid options, a number of other sanity checks are performed on the arguments. For example, if the subject pointer is NULL but the length is non-zero, an immediate error is given. Also, unless PCRE2_NO_UTF_CHECK is set, a UTF subject string is tested for validity. In the interests of speed, these checks do not happen on the JIT -fast path, and if invalid data is passed, the result is undefined. +fast path. If invalid UTF data is passed when PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF was not +set for \fBpcre2_compile()\fP, the result is undefined. The program may crash +or loop or give wrong results. In the absence of PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF you +should call \fBpcre2_jit_match()\fP in UTF mode only if you are sure the +subject is valid. .P Bypassing the sanity checks and the \fBpcre2_match()\fP wrapping can give speedups of more than 10%. @@ -428,7 +459,7 @@ speedups of more than 10%. .SH "SEE ALSO" .rs .sp -\fBpcre2api\fP(3) +\fBpcre2api\fP(3), \fBpcre2unicode\fP(3) . . .SH AUTHOR @@ -436,7 +467,7 @@ speedups of more than 10%. .sp .nf Philip Hazel (FAQ by Zoltan Herczeg) -University Computing Service +Retired from University Computing Service Cambridge, England. .fi . @@ -445,6 +476,6 @@ Cambridge, England. .rs .sp .nf -Last updated: 30 November 2021 -Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. +Last updated: 23 January 2023 +Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. .fi diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2limits.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2limits.3 index 9bf3626..a1ea3ea 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2limits.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2limits.3 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2LIMITS 3 "03 February 2019" "PCRE2 10.33" +.TH PCRE2LIMITS 3 "1 August 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .SH "SIZE AND OTHER LIMITATIONS" @@ -32,7 +32,12 @@ and unset offsets. .P All values in repeating quantifiers must be less than 65536. .P -The maximum length of a lookbehind assertion is 65535 characters. +There are two different limits that apply to branches of lookbehind assertions. +If every branch in such an assertion matches a fixed number of characters, +the maximum length of any branch is 65535 characters. If any branch matches a +variable number of characters, then the maximum matching length for every +branch is limited. The default limit is set at compile time, defaulting to 255, +but can be changed by the calling program. .P There is no limit to the number of parenthesized groups, but there can be no more than 65535 capture groups, and there is a limit to the depth of nesting of @@ -51,6 +56,10 @@ is 255 code units for the 8-bit library and 65535 code units for the 16-bit and .P The maximum length of a string argument to a callout is the largest number a 32-bit unsigned integer can hold. +.P +The maximum amount of heap memory used for matching is controlled by the heap +limit, which can be set in a pattern or in a match context. The default is a +very large number, effectively unlimited. . . .SH AUTHOR @@ -58,7 +67,7 @@ The maximum length of a string argument to a callout is the largest number a .sp .nf Philip Hazel -University Computing Service +Retired from University Computing Service Cambridge, England. .fi . @@ -67,6 +76,6 @@ Cambridge, England. .rs .sp .nf -Last updated: 02 February 2019 -Copyright (c) 1997-2019 University of Cambridge. +Last updated: August 2023 +Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. .fi diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2pattern.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2pattern.3 index 3088ec0..6c40166 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2pattern.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2pattern.3 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2PATTERN 3 "12 January 2022" "PCRE2 10.40" +.TH PCRE2PATTERN 3 "12 October 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME PCRE2 - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .SH "PCRE2 REGULAR EXPRESSION DETAILS" @@ -77,6 +77,12 @@ such as \ed and \ew to use Unicode properties to determine character types, instead of recognizing only characters with codes less than 256 via a lookup table. If also causes upper/lower casing operations to use Unicode properties for characters with code points greater than 127, even when UTF is not set. +These behaviours can be changed within the pattern; see the section entitled +.\" HTML +.\" +"Internal Option Setting" +.\" +below. .P Some applications that allow their users to supply patterns may wish to restrict them for security reasons. If the PCRE2_NEVER_UCP option is passed to @@ -267,7 +273,9 @@ caseless matching is specified (the PCRE2_CASELESS option or (?i) within the pattern), letters are matched independently of case. Note that there are two ASCII characters, K and S, that, in addition to their lower case ASCII equivalents, are case-equivalent with Unicode U+212A (Kelvin sign) and U+017F -(long S) respectively when either PCRE2_UTF or PCRE2_UCP is set. +(long S) respectively when either PCRE2_UTF or PCRE2_UCP is set, unless the +PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT option is in force (either passed to +\fBpcre2_compile()\fP or set by (?r) within the pattern). .P The power of regular expressions comes from the ability to include wild cards, character classes, alternatives, and repetitions in the pattern. These are @@ -290,8 +298,17 @@ are as follows: * 0 or more quantifier + 1 or more quantifier; also "possessive quantifier" ? 0 or 1 quantifier; also quantifier minimizer - { start min/max quantifier + { potential start of min/max quantifier .sp +Brace characters { and } are also used to enclose data for constructions such +as \eg{2} or \ek{name}. In almost all uses of braces, space and/or horizontal +tab characters that follow { or precede } are allowed and are ignored. In the +case of quantifiers, they may also appear before or after the comma. The +exception to this is \eu{...} which is an ECMAScript compatibility feature +that is recognized only when the PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX option is set. ECMAScript +does not ignore such white space; it causes the item to be interpreted as +literal. +.P Part of a pattern that is in square brackets is called a "character class". In a character class the only metacharacters are: .sp @@ -302,11 +319,11 @@ a character class the only metacharacters are: ] terminates the character class .sp If a pattern is compiled with the PCRE2_EXTENDED option, most white space in -the pattern, other than in a character class, and characters between a # -outside a character class and the next newline, inclusive, are ignored. An -escaping backslash can be used to include a white space or a # character as -part of the pattern. If the PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE option is set, the same -applies, but in addition unescaped space and horizontal tab characters are +the pattern, other than in a character class, within a \eQ...\eE sequence, or +between a # outside a character class and the next newline, inclusive, are +ignored. An escaping backslash can be used to include a white space or a # +character as part of the pattern. If the PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE option is set, the +same applies, but in addition unescaped space and horizontal tab characters are ignored inside a character class. Note: only these two characters are ignored, not the full set of pattern white space characters that are ignored outside a character class. Option settings can be changed within a pattern; see the @@ -339,12 +356,14 @@ other characters (in particular, those whose code points are greater than 127) are treated as literals. .P If you want to treat all characters in a sequence as literals, you can do so by -putting them between \eQ and \eE. This is different from Perl in that $ and @ -are handled as literals in \eQ...\eE sequences in PCRE2, whereas in Perl, $ and -@ cause variable interpolation. Also, Perl does "double-quotish backslash -interpolation" on any backslashes between \eQ and \eE which, its documentation -says, "may lead to confusing results". PCRE2 treats a backslash between \eQ and -\eE just like any other character. Note the following examples: +putting them between \eQ and \eE. Note that this includes white space even when +the PCRE2_EXTENDED option is set so that most other white space is ignored. The +behaviour is different from Perl in that $ and @ are handled as literals in +\eQ...\eE sequences in PCRE2, whereas in Perl, $ and @ cause variable +interpolation. Also, Perl does "double-quotish backslash interpolation" on any +backslashes between \eQ and \eE which, its documentation says, "may lead to +confusing results". PCRE2 treats a backslash between \eQ and \eE just like any +other character. Note the following examples: .sp Pattern PCRE2 matches Perl matches .sp @@ -360,8 +379,8 @@ The \eQ...\eE sequence is recognized both inside and outside character classes. An isolated \eE that is not preceded by \eQ is ignored. If \eQ is not followed by \eE later in the pattern, the literal interpretation continues to the end of the pattern (that is, \eE is assumed at the end). If the isolated \eQ is inside -a character class, this causes an error, because the character class is not -terminated by a closing square bracket. +a character class, this causes an error, because the character class is then +not terminated by a closing square bracket. . . .\" HTML @@ -376,7 +395,7 @@ instead of the binary character it represents. In an ASCII or Unicode environment, these escapes are as follows: .sp \ea alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07) - \ecx "control-x", where x is any printable ASCII character + \ecx "control-x", where x is a non-control ASCII character \ee escape (hex 1B) \ef form feed (hex 0C) \en linefeed (hex 0A) @@ -410,8 +429,9 @@ interpreted as a literal "u" character. .P PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX has the same effect as PCRE2_ALT_BSUX and, in addition, \eu{hhh..} is recognized as the character specified by hexadecimal code point. -There may be any number of hexadecimal digits. This syntax is from ECMAScript -6. +There may be any number of hexadecimal digits, but unlike other places that +also use curly brackets, spaces are not allowed and would result in the string +being interpreted as a literal. This syntax is from ECMAScript 6. .P The \eN{U+hhh..} escape sequence is recognized only when PCRE2 is operating in UTF mode. Perl also uses \eN{name} to specify characters by Unicode name; PCRE2 @@ -424,12 +444,13 @@ match a newline. If the PCRE2_EXTRA_ESCAPED_CR_IS_LF option is set, \er in a pattern is converted to \en so that it matches a LF (linefeed) instead of a CR (carriage return) character. .P -The precise effect of \ecx on ASCII characters is as follows: if x is a lower -case letter, it is converted to upper case. Then bit 6 of the character (hex -40) is inverted. Thus \ecA to \ecZ become hex 01 to hex 1A (A is 41, Z is 5A), -but \ec{ becomes hex 3B ({ is 7B), and \ec; becomes hex 7B (; is 3B). If the -code unit following \ec has a value less than 32 or greater than 126, a -compile-time error occurs. +An error occurs if \ec is not followed by a character whose ASCII code point +is in the range 32 to 126. The precise effect of \ecx is as follows: if x is a +lower case letter, it is converted to upper case. Then bit 6 of the character +(hex 40) is inverted. Thus \ecA to \ecZ become hex 01 to hex 1A (A is 41, Z is +5A), but \ec{ becomes hex 3B ({ is 7B), and \ec; becomes hex 7B (; is 3B). If +the code unit following \ec has a code point less than 32 or greater than 126, +a compile-time error occurs. .P When PCRE2 is compiled in EBCDIC mode, \eN{U+hhh..} is not supported. \ea, \ee, \ef, \en, \er, and \et generate the appropriate EBCDIC code values. The \ec @@ -465,8 +486,8 @@ numbers greater than 0777, and it also allows octal numbers and backreferences to be unambiguously specified. .P For greater clarity and unambiguity, it is best to avoid following \e by a -digit greater than zero. Instead, use \eo{} or \ex{} to specify numerical -character code points, and \eg{} to specify backreferences. The following +digit greater than zero. Instead, use \eo{...} or \ex{...} to specify numerical +character code points, and \eg{...} to specify backreferences. The following paragraphs describe the old, ambiguous syntax. .P The handling of a backslash followed by a digit other than 0 is complicated, @@ -667,14 +688,27 @@ determine character types, as follows: .sp \ed any character that matches \ep{Nd} (decimal digit) \es any character that matches \ep{Z} or \eh or \ev - \ew any character that matches \ep{L} or \ep{N}, plus underscore + \ew any character that matches \ep{L}, \ep{N}, \ep{Mn}, or \ep{Pc} .sp +The addition of \ep{Mn} (non-spacing mark) and the replacement of an explicit +test for underscore with a test for \ep{Pc} (connector punctuation) happened in +PCRE2 release 10.43. This brings PCRE2 into line with Perl. +.P The upper case escapes match the inverse sets of characters. Note that \ed matches only decimal digits, whereas \ew matches any Unicode digit, as well as -any Unicode letter, and underscore. Note also that PCRE2_UCP affects \eb, and +other character categories. Note also that PCRE2_UCP affects \eb, and \eB because they are defined in terms of \ew and \eW. Matching these sequences is noticeably slower when PCRE2_UCP is set. .P +The effect of PCRE2_UCP on any one of these escape sequences can be negated by +the options PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSD, PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSS, and +PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSW, respectively. These options can be set and reset within +a pattern by means of an internal option setting +.\" HTML +.\" +(see below). +.\" +.P The sequences \eh, \eH, \ev, and \eV, in contrast to the other sequences, which match only ASCII characters by default, always match a specific list of code points, whether or not PCRE2_UCP is set. The horizontal space characters are: @@ -1030,7 +1064,8 @@ property. Xps matches the characters tab, linefeed, vertical tab, form feed, or carriage return, and any other character that has the Z (separator) property. Xsp is the same as Xps; in PCRE1 it used to exclude vertical tab, for Perl compatibility, but Perl changed. Xwd matches the same characters as Xan, plus -underscore. +those that match Mn (non-spacing mark) or Pc (connector punctuation, which +includes underscore). .P There is another non-standard property, Xuc, which matches any character that can be represented by a Universal Character Name in C++ and other programming @@ -1062,11 +1097,11 @@ though it again reports the matched string as "bar". This feature is similar to a lookbehind assertion .\" HTML .\" -(described below). +(described below), .\" -However, in this case, the part of the subject before the real match does not -have to be of fixed length, as lookbehind assertions do. The use of \eK does -not interfere with the setting of +but the part of the pattern that precedes \eK is not constrained to match a +limited number of characters, as is required for a lookbehind assertion. The +use of \eK does not interfere with the setting of .\" HTML .\" captured substrings. @@ -1482,7 +1517,7 @@ are: The default "space" characters are HT (9), LF (10), VT (11), FF (12), CR (13), and space (32). If locale-specific matching is taking place, the list of space characters may be different; there may be fewer or more of them. "Space" and -\es match the same set of characters. +\es match the same set of characters, as do "word" and \ew. .P The name "word" is a Perl extension, and "blank" is a GNU extension from Perl 5.8. Another Perl extension is negation, which is indicated by a ^ character @@ -1496,10 +1531,10 @@ supported, and an error is given if they are encountered. .P By default, characters with values greater than 127 do not match any of the POSIX character classes, although this may be different for characters in the -range 128-255 when locale-specific matching is happening. However, if the -PCRE2_UCP option is passed to \fBpcre2_compile()\fP, some of the classes are -changed so that Unicode character properties are used. This is achieved by -replacing certain POSIX classes with other sequences, as follows: +range 128-255 when locale-specific matching is happening. However, in UCP mode, +unless certain options are set (see below), some of the classes are changed so +that Unicode character properties are used. This is achieved by replacing +POSIX classes with other sequences, as follows: .sp [:alnum:] becomes \ep{Xan} [:alpha:] becomes \ep{L} @@ -1511,7 +1546,7 @@ replacing certain POSIX classes with other sequences, as follows: [:upper:] becomes \ep{Lu} [:word:] becomes \ep{Xwd} .sp -Negated versions, such as [:^alpha:] use \eP instead of \ep. Three other POSIX +Negated versions, such as [:^alpha:] use \eP instead of \ep. Four other POSIX classes are handled specially in UCP mode: .TP 10 [:graph:] @@ -1532,9 +1567,21 @@ not controls, that is, characters with the Zs property. This matches all characters that have the Unicode P (punctuation) property, plus those characters with code points less than 256 that have the S (Symbol) property. +.TP 10 +[:xdigit:] +In addition to the ASCII hexadecimal digits, this also matches the "fullwidth" +versions of those characters, whose Unicode code points start at U+FF10. This +is a change that was made in PCRE release 10.43 for Perl compatibility. +.P +The other POSIX classes are unchanged by PCRE2_UCP, and match only characters +with code points less than 256. .P -The other POSIX classes are unchanged, and match only characters with code -points less than 256. +There are two options that can be used to restrict the POSIX classes to ASCII +characters when PCRE2_UCP is set. The option PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT affects +just [:digit:] and [:xdigit:]. Within a pattern, this can be set and unset by +(?aT) and (?-aT). The PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX option disables UCP processing +for all POSIX classes, including [:digit:] and [:xdigit:]. Within a pattern, +(?aP) and (?-aP) set and unset both these options for consistency. . . .SH "COMPATIBILITY FEATURE FOR WORD BOUNDARIES" @@ -1558,7 +1605,9 @@ at the start and the end of a word (see .\" above), and in a Perl-style pattern the preceding or following character normally shows which is wanted, without the need for the assertions that are -used above in order to give exactly the POSIX behaviour. +used above in order to give exactly the POSIX behaviour. Note also that the +PCRE2_UCP option changes the meaning of \ew (and therefore \eb) by default, so +it also affects these POSIX sequences. . . .SH "VERTICAL BAR" @@ -1585,10 +1634,9 @@ alternative in the group. .SH "INTERNAL OPTION SETTING" .rs .sp -The settings of the PCRE2_CASELESS, PCRE2_MULTILINE, PCRE2_DOTALL, -PCRE2_EXTENDED, PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE, and PCRE2_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE options can be -changed from within the pattern by a sequence of letters enclosed between "(?" -and ")". These options are Perl-compatible, and are described in detail in the +The settings of several options can be changed within a pattern by a sequence +of letters enclosed between "(?" and ")". The following are Perl-compatible, +and are described in detail in the .\" HREF \fBpcre2api\fP .\" @@ -1603,8 +1651,8 @@ documentation. The option letters are: .sp For example, (?im) sets caseless, multiline matching. It is also possible to unset these options by preceding the relevant letters with a hyphen, for -example (?-im). The two "extended" options are not independent; unsetting either -one cancels the effects of both of them. +example (?-im). The two "extended" options are not independent; unsetting +either one cancels the effects of both of them. .P A combined setting and unsetting such as (?im-sx), which sets PCRE2_CASELESS and PCRE2_MULTILINE while unsetting PCRE2_DOTALL and PCRE2_EXTENDED, is also @@ -1613,25 +1661,41 @@ appears both before and after the hyphen, the option is unset. An empty options setting "(?)" is allowed. Needless to say, it has no effect. .P If the first character following (? is a circumflex, it causes all of the above -options to be unset. Thus, (?^) is equivalent to (?-imnsx). Letters may follow -the circumflex to cause some options to be re-instated, but a hyphen may not -appear. -.P -The PCRE2-specific options PCRE2_DUPNAMES and PCRE2_UNGREEDY can be changed in -the same way as the Perl-compatible options by using the characters J and U -respectively. However, these are not unset by (?^). -.P -When one of these option changes occurs at top level (that is, not inside -group parentheses), the change applies to the remainder of the pattern -that follows. An option change within a group (see below for a description -of groups) affects only that part of the group that follows it, so +options to be unset. Letters may follow the circumflex to cause some options to +be re-instated, but a hyphen may not appear. +.P +Some PCRE2-specific options can be changed by the same mechanism using these +pairs or individual letters: +.sp + aD for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSD + aS for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSS + aW for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSW + aP for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX and PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT + aT for PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT + r for PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT + J for PCRE2_DUPNAMES + U for PCRE2_UNGREEDY +.sp +However, except for 'r', these are not unset by (?^), which is equivalent to +(?-imnrsx). If 'a' is not followed by any of the upper case letters shown +above, it sets (or unsets) all the ASCII options. +.P +PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT has no additional effect when PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX +is set, but including it in (?aP) means that (?-aP) suppresses all ASCII +restrictions for POSIX classes. +.P +When one of these option changes occurs at top level (that is, not inside group +parentheses), the change applies until a subsequent change, or the end of the +pattern. An option change within a group (see below for a description of +groups) affects only that part of the group that follows it. At the end of the +group these options are reset to the state they were before the group. For +example, .sp (a(?i)b)c .sp -matches abc and aBc and no other strings (assuming PCRE2_CASELESS is not used). -By this means, options can be made to have different settings in different -parts of the pattern. Any changes made in one alternative do carry on -into subsequent branches within the same group. For example, +matches abc and aBc and no other strings (assuming PCRE2_CASELESS is not set +externally). Any changes made in one alternative do carry on into subsequent +branches within the same group. For example, .sp (a(?i)b|c) .sp @@ -1661,7 +1725,7 @@ Details are given in the section entitled above. There are also the (*UTF) and (*UCP) leading sequences that can be used to set UTF and Unicode property modes; they are equivalent to setting the PCRE2_UTF and PCRE2_UCP options, respectively. However, the application can set -the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF and PCRE2_NEVER_UCP options, which lock out the use of the +the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF or PCRE2_NEVER_UCP options, which lock out the use of the (*UTF) and (*UCP) sequences. . . @@ -1902,7 +1966,7 @@ documentation. .SH REPETITION .rs .sp -Repetition is specified by quantifiers, which can follow any of the following +Repetition is specified by quantifiers, which may follow any one of these items: .sp a literal data character @@ -1910,16 +1974,17 @@ items: the \eC escape sequence the \eR escape sequence the \eX escape sequence - an escape such as \ed or \epL that matches a single character + any escape sequence that matches a single character a character class a backreference a parenthesized group (including lookaround assertions) a subroutine call (recursive or otherwise) .sp -The general repetition quantifier specifies a minimum and maximum number of -permitted matches, by giving the two numbers in curly brackets (braces), -separated by a comma. The numbers must be less than 65536, and the first must -be less than or equal to the second. For example, +If a quantifier does not follow a repeatable item, an error occurs. The +general repetition quantifier specifies a minimum and maximum number of +permitted matches by giving two numbers in curly brackets (braces), separated +by a comma. The numbers must be less than 65536, and the first must be less +than or equal to the second. For example, .sp z{2,4} .sp @@ -1934,10 +1999,21 @@ matches at least 3 successive vowels, but may match many more, whereas .sp \ed{8} .sp -matches exactly 8 digits. An opening curly bracket that appears in a position -where a quantifier is not allowed, or one that does not match the syntax of a -quantifier, is taken as a literal character. For example, {,6} is not a -quantifier, but a literal string of four characters. +matches exactly 8 digits. If the first number is omitted, the lower limit is +taken as zero; in this case the upper limit must be present. +.sp + X{,4} is interpreted as X{0,4} +.sp +This is a change in behaviour that happened in Perl 5.34.0 and PCRE2 10.43. In +earlier versions such a sequence was not interpreted as a quantifier. Other +regular expression engines may behave either way. +.P +If the characters that follow an opening brace do not match the syntax of a +quantifier, the brace is taken as a literal character. In particular, this +means that {,} is a literal string of three characters. +.P +Note that not every opening brace is potentially the start of a quantifier +because braces are used in other items such as \eN{U+345} or \ek{name}. .P In UTF modes, quantifiers apply to characters rather than to individual code units. Thus, for example, \ex{100}{2} matches two characters, each of @@ -1980,11 +2056,11 @@ repeatedly matching an empty string. This does not prevent backtracking into any of the iterations if a subsequent item fails to match. .P By default, quantifiers are "greedy", that is, they match as much as possible -(up to the maximum number of permitted times), without causing the rest of the -pattern to fail. The classic example of where this gives problems is in trying -to match comments in C programs. These appear between /* and */ and within the -comment, individual * and / characters may appear. An attempt to match C -comments by applying the pattern +(up to the maximum number of permitted repetitions), without causing the rest +of the pattern to fail. The classic example of where this gives problems is in +trying to match comments in C programs. These appear between /* and */ and +within the comment, individual * and / characters may appear. An attempt to +match C comments by applying the pattern .sp /\e*.*\e*/ .sp @@ -1999,10 +2075,10 @@ pattern .sp /\e*.*?\e*/ .sp -does the right thing with the C comments. The meaning of the various -quantifiers is not otherwise changed, just the preferred number of matches. -Do not confuse this use of question mark with its use as a quantifier in its -own right. Because it has two uses, it can sometimes appear doubled, as in +does the right thing with C comments. The meaning of the various quantifiers is +not otherwise changed, just the preferred number of matches. Do not confuse +this use of question mark with its use as a quantifier in its own right. +Because it has two uses, it can sometimes appear doubled, as in .sp \ed??\ed .sp @@ -2211,15 +2287,23 @@ the reference. A signed number is a relative reference. Consider this example: .sp (abc(def)ghi)\eg{-1} .sp -The sequence \eg{-1} is a reference to the most recently started capture group -before \eg, that is, is it equivalent to \e2 in this example. Similarly, -\eg{-2} would be equivalent to \e1. The use of relative references can be -helpful in long patterns, and also in patterns that are created by joining -together fragments that contain references within themselves. +The sequence \eg{-1} is a reference to the capture group whose number is one +less than the number of the next group to be started, so in this example (where +the next group would be numbered 3) is it equivalent to \e2, and \eg{-2} would +be equivalent to \e1. Note that if this construct is inside a capture group, +that group is included in the count, so in this example \eg{-2} also refers to +group 1: +.sp + (A)(\eg{-2}B) +.sp +The use of relative references can be helpful in long patterns, and also in +patterns that are created by joining together fragments that contain references +within themselves. .P -The sequence \eg{+1} is a reference to the next capture group. This kind of -forward reference can be useful in patterns that repeat. Perl does not support -the use of + in this way. +The sequence \eg{+1} is a reference to the next capture group that is started +after this item, and \eg{+2} refers to the one after that, and so on. This kind +of forward reference can be useful in patterns that repeat. Perl does not +support the use of + in this way. .P A backreference matches whatever actually most recently matched the capture group in the current subject string, rather than anything at all that matches @@ -2242,11 +2326,11 @@ matches "rah rah" and "RAH RAH", but not "RAH rah", even though the original capture group is matched caselessly. .P There are several different ways of writing backreferences to named capture -groups. The .NET syntax \ek{name} and the Perl syntax \ek or \ek'name' -are supported, as is the Python syntax (?P=name). Perl 5.10's unified -backreference syntax, in which \eg can be used for both numeric and named -references, is also supported. We could rewrite the above example in any of the -following ways: +groups. The .NET syntax is \ek{name}, the Python syntax is (?=name), and the +original Perl syntax is \ek or \ek'name'. All of these are now supported +by both Perl and PCRE2. Perl 5.10's unified backreference syntax, in which \eg +can be used for both numeric and named references, is also supported by PCRE2. +We could rewrite the above example in any of the following ways: .sp (? (?i)rah)\es+\ek (?'p1'(?i)rah)\es+\ek{p1} @@ -2436,41 +2520,33 @@ negative assertions. For example, (? .\" ) named reference condition (Perl) (?('name') named reference condition (Perl) (?(name) named reference condition (PCRE2, deprecated) @@ -578,6 +613,6 @@ Cambridge, England. .rs .sp .nf -Last updated: 12 January 2022 -Copyright (c) 1997-2022 University of Cambridge. +Last updated: 12 October 2023 +Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. .fi diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2test.1 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2test.1 index d374f3e..104c2cb 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2test.1 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2test.1 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2TEST 1 "12 January 2022" "PCRE 10.40" +.TH PCRE2TEST 1 "11 August" "PCRE 10.43" .SH NAME pcre2test - a program for testing Perl-compatible regular expressions. .SH SYNOPSIS @@ -111,14 +111,14 @@ the default). If the 8-bit library has not been built, this option causes an error. .TP 10 \fB-16\fP -If the 16-bit library has been built, this option causes it to be used. If only -the 16-bit library has been built, this is the default. If the 16-bit library +If the 16-bit library has been built, this option causes it to be used. If the +8-bit library has not been built, this is the default. If the 16-bit library has not been built, this option causes an error. .TP 10 \fB-32\fP -If the 32-bit library has been built, this option causes it to be used. If only -the 32-bit library has been built, this is the default. If the 32-bit library -has not been built, this option causes an error. +If the 32-bit library has been built, this option causes it to be used. If no +other library has been built, this is the default. If the 32-bit library has +not been built, this option causes an error. .TP 10 \fB-ac\fP Behave as if each pattern has the \fBauto_callout\fP modifier, that is, insert @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ output, then exit with zero exit code. All other options are ignored. If both -C and any -Lx options are present, whichever is first is recognized. .TP 10 \fB-LS\fP -List scripts: write a list of recogized Unicode script names to the standard +List scripts: write a list of recognized Unicode script names to the standard output, then exit with zero exit code. All other options are ignored. If both -C and any -Lx options are present, whichever is first is recognized. .TP 10 @@ -462,8 +462,8 @@ followed by a backslash, for example, .sp /abc/\e .sp -then a backslash is added to the end of the pattern. This is done to provide a -way of testing the error condition that arises if a pattern finishes with a +a backslash is added to the end of the pattern. This is done to provide a way +of testing the error condition that arises if a pattern finishes with a backslash, because .sp /abc\e/ @@ -565,12 +565,11 @@ by a previous \fB#pattern\fP command. .sp The following modifiers set options for \fBpcre2_compile()\fP. Most of them set bits in the options argument of that function, but those whose names start with -PCRE2_EXTRA are additional options that are set in the compile context. For the -main options, there are some single-letter abbreviations that are the same as -Perl options. There is special handling for /x: if a second x is present, -PCRE2_EXTENDED is converted into PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE as in Perl. A third -appearance adds PCRE2_EXTENDED as well, though this makes no difference to the -way \fBpcre2_compile()\fP behaves. See +PCRE2_EXTRA are additional options that are set in the compile context. +Some of these options have single-letter abbreviations. There is special +handling for /x: if a second x is present, PCRE2_EXTENDED is converted into +PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE as in Perl. A third appearance adds PCRE2_EXTENDED as well, +though this makes no difference to the way \fBpcre2_compile()\fP behaves. See .\" HREF \fBpcre2api\fP .\" @@ -583,9 +582,16 @@ for a description of the effects of these options. alt_circumflex set PCRE2_ALT_CIRCUMFLEX alt_verbnames set PCRE2_ALT_VERBNAMES anchored set PCRE2_ANCHORED + /a ascii_all set all ASCII options + ascii_bsd set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSD + ascii_bss set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSS + ascii_bsw set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSW + ascii_digit set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT + ascii_posix set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX auto_callout set PCRE2_AUTO_CALLOUT bad_escape_is_literal set PCRE2_EXTRA_BAD_ESCAPE_IS_LITERAL /i caseless set PCRE2_CASELESS + /r caseless_restrict set PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT dollar_endonly set PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY /s dotall set PCRE2_DOTALL dupnames set PCRE2_DUPNAMES @@ -646,10 +652,12 @@ heavily used in the test files. jitfast use JIT fast path jitverify verify JIT use locale= use this locale - max_pattern_length= set the maximum pattern length + max_pattern_length= set maximum pattern length + max_varlookbehind= set maximum variable lookbehind length memory show memory used newline= set newline type null_context compile with a NULL context + null_pattern pass pattern as NULL parens_nest_limit= set maximum parentheses depth posix use the POSIX API posix_nosub use the POSIX API with REG_NOSUB @@ -724,9 +732,11 @@ ending code units are recorded. The subject length line is omitted when \fBno_start_optimize\fP is set because the minimum length is not calculated when it can never be used. .P -The \fBframesize\fP modifier shows the size, in bytes, of the storage frames +The \fBframesize\fP modifier shows the size, in bytes, of each storage frame used by \fBpcre2_match()\fP for handling backtracking. The size depends on the -number of capturing parentheses in the pattern. +number of capturing parentheses in the pattern. A vector of these frames is +used at matching time; its overall size is shown when the \fBheaframes_size\fP +subject modifier is set. .P The \fBcallout_info\fP modifier requests information about all the callouts in the pattern. A list of them is output at the end of any other information that @@ -743,6 +753,15 @@ testing that \fBpcre2_compile()\fP behaves correctly in this case (it uses default values). . . +.SS "Passing a NULL pattern" +.rs +.sp +The \fBnull_pattern\fP modifier is for testing the behaviour of +\fBpcre2_compile()\fP when the pattern argument is NULL. The length value +passed is the default PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED unless \fBuse_length\fP is set. +Any length other than zero causes an error. +. +. .SS "Specifying pattern characters in hexadecimal" .rs .sp @@ -782,6 +801,17 @@ If \fBhex\fP or \fBuse_length\fP is used with the POSIX wrapper API (see below), the REG_PEND extension is used to pass the pattern's length. . . +.SS "Specifying a maximum for variable lookbehinds" +.rs +.sp +Variable lookbehind assertions are supported only if, for each one, there is a +maximum length (in characters) that it can match. There is a limit on this, +whose default can be set at build time, with an ultimate default of 255. The +\fBmax_varlookbehind\fP modifier uses the \fBpcre2_set_max_varlookbehind()\fP +function to change the limit. Lookbehinds whose branches each match a fixed +length are limited to 65535 characters per branch. +. +. .SS "Specifying wide characters in 16-bit and 32-bit modes" .rs .sp @@ -1039,6 +1069,7 @@ process. allusedtext show all consulted text altglobal alternative global matching /g global global matching + heapframes_size show match data heapframes size jitstack= set size of JIT stack mark show mark values replace= specify a replacement string @@ -1206,10 +1237,12 @@ pattern, but can be overridden by modifiers on the subject. copy= copy captured substring depth_limit= set a depth limit dfa use \fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP - find_limits find match and depth limits + find_limits find heap, match and depth limits + find_limits_noheap find match and depth limits get= extract captured substring getall extract all captured substrings /g global global matching + heapframes_size show match data heapframes size heap_limit= set a limit on heap memory (Kbytes) jitstack= set size of JIT stack mark show mark values @@ -1333,7 +1366,7 @@ controlled by various modifiers listed above whose names begin with .\" below. .\" -Testing callouts from \fBpcre2_substitute()\fP is decribed separately in +Testing callouts from \fBpcre2_substitute()\fP is described separately in "Testing the substitution function" .\" HTML .\" @@ -1528,7 +1561,7 @@ value that was set on the pattern. .sp The \fBheap_limit\fP, \fBmatch_limit\fP, and \fBdepth_limit\fP modifiers set the appropriate limits in the match context. These values are ignored when the -\fBfind_limits\fP modifier is specified. +\fBfind_limits\fP or \fBfind_limits_noheap\fP modifier is specified. . . .SS "Finding minimum limits" @@ -1538,8 +1571,12 @@ If the \fBfind_limits\fP modifier is present on a subject line, \fBpcre2test\fP calls the relevant matching function several times, setting different values in the match context via \fBpcre2_set_heap_limit()\fP, \fBpcre2_set_match_limit()\fP, or \fBpcre2_set_depth_limit()\fP until it finds -the minimum values for each parameter that allows the match to complete without -error. If JIT is being used, only the match limit is relevant. +the smallest value for each parameter that allows the match to complete without +a "limit exceeded" error. The match itself may succeed or fail. An alternative +modifier, \fBfind_limits_noheap\fP, omits the heap limit. This is used in the +standard tests, because the minimum heap limit varies between systems. If JIT +is being used, only the match limit is relevant, and the other two are +automatically omitted. .P When using this modifier, the pattern should not contain any limit settings such as (*LIMIT_MATCH=...) within it. If such a setting is present and is @@ -1563,9 +1600,7 @@ and non-recursive, to the internal matching function, thus controlling the overall amount of computing resource that is used. .P For both kinds of matching, the \fIheap_limit\fP number, which is in kibibytes -(units of 1024 bytes), limits the amount of heap memory used for matching. A -value of zero disables the use of any heap memory; many simple pattern matches -can be done without using the heap, so zero is not an unreasonable setting. +(units of 1024 bytes), limits the amount of heap memory used for matching. . . .SS "Showing MARK names" @@ -1584,16 +1619,31 @@ is added to the non-match message. .sp The \fBmemory\fP modifier causes \fBpcre2test\fP to log the sizes of all heap memory allocation and freeing calls that occur during a call to -\fBpcre2_match()\fP or \fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP. These occur only when a match -requires a bigger vector than the default for remembering backtracking points -(\fBpcre2_match()\fP) or for internal workspace (\fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP). In -many cases there will be no heap memory used and therefore no additional -output. No heap memory is allocated during matching with JIT, so in that case -the \fBmemory\fP modifier never has any effect. For this modifier to work, the +\fBpcre2_match()\fP or \fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP. In the latter case, heap memory +is used only when a match requires more internal workspace that the default +allocation on the stack, so in many cases there will be no output. No heap +memory is allocated during matching with JIT. For this modifier to work, the \fBnull_context\fP modifier must not be set on both the pattern and the subject, though it can be set on one or the other. . . +.SS "Showing the heap frame overall vector size" +.rs +.sp +The \fBheapframes_size\fP modifier is relevant for matches using +\fBpcre2_match()\fP without JIT. After a match has run (whether successful or +not) the size, in bytes, of the allocated heap frames vector that is left +attached to the match data block is shown. If the matching action involved +several calls to \fBpcre2_match()\fP (for example, global matching or for +timing) only the final value is shown. +.P +This modifier is ignored, with a warning, for POSIX or DFA matching. JIT +matching does not use the heap frames vector, so the size is always zero, +unless there was a previous non-JIT match. Note that specifing a size of zero +for the output vector (see below) causes \fBpcre2test\fP to free its match data +block (and associated heap frames vector) and allocate a new one. +. +. .SS "Setting a starting offset" .rs .sp @@ -1623,9 +1673,9 @@ A value of zero is useful when testing the POSIX API because it causes \fBregexec()\fP to be called with a NULL capture vector. When not testing the POSIX API, a value of zero is used to cause \fBpcre2_match_data_create_from_pattern()\fP to be called, in order to create a -match block of exactly the right size for the pattern. (It is not possible to -create a match block with a zero-length ovector; there is always at least one -pair of offsets.) +new match block of exactly the right size for the pattern. (It is not possible +to create a match block with a zero-length ovector; there is always at least +one pair of offsets.) The old match data block is freed. . . .SS "Passing the subject as zero-terminated" @@ -1649,7 +1699,8 @@ Normally, \fBpcre2test\fP passes a context block to \fBpcre2_match()\fP, If the \fBnull_context\fP modifier is set, however, NULL is passed. This is for testing that the matching and substitution functions behave correctly in this case (they use default values). This modifier cannot be used with the -\fBfind_limits\fP or \fBsubstitute_callout\fP modifiers. +\fBfind_limits\fP, \fBfind_limits_noheap\fP, or \fBsubstitute_callout\fP +modifiers. .P Similarly, for testing purposes, if the \fBnull_subject\fP or \fBnull_replacement\fP modifier is set, the subject or replacement string @@ -2091,7 +2142,7 @@ reloads two patterns. If \fBjitverify\fP is used with #pop, it does not automatically imply \fBjit\fP, which is different behaviour from when it is used on a pattern. .P -The #popcopy command is analagous to the \fBpushcopy\fP modifier in that it +The #popcopy command is analogous to the \fBpushcopy\fP modifier in that it makes current a copy of the topmost stack pattern, leaving the original still on the stack. . @@ -2119,6 +2170,6 @@ Cambridge, England. .rs .sp .nf -Last updated: 12 January 2022 -Copyright (c) 1997-2022 University of Cambridge. +Last updated: 11 August 2023 +Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. .fi diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2test.txt b/pcre2/doc/pcre2test.txt index ed7dd20..8b16d2b 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2test.txt +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2test.txt @@ -1,23 +1,24 @@ -PCRE2TEST(1) General Commands Manual PCRE2TEST(1) +PCRE2TEST(1) General Commands Manual PCRE2TEST(1) NAME pcre2test - a program for testing Perl-compatible regular expressions. + SYNOPSIS pcre2test [options] [input file [output file]] pcre2test is a test program for the PCRE2 regular expression libraries, - but it can also be used for experimenting with regular expressions. - This document describes the features of the test program; for details - of the regular expressions themselves, see the pcre2pattern documenta- - tion. For details of the PCRE2 library function calls and their op- + but it can also be used for experimenting with regular expressions. + This document describes the features of the test program; for details + of the regular expressions themselves, see the pcre2pattern documenta- + tion. For details of the PCRE2 library function calls and their op- tions, see the pcre2api documentation. - The input for pcre2test is a sequence of regular expression patterns - and subject strings to be matched. There are also command lines for + The input for pcre2test is a sequence of regular expression patterns + and subject strings to be matched. There are also command lines for setting defaults and controlling some special actions. The output shows the result of each match attempt. Modifiers on external or internal command lines, the patterns, and the subject lines specify PCRE2 func- @@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ PCRE2's 8-BIT, 16-BIT AND 32-BIT LIBRARIES However, its own input and output are always in 8-bit format. When testing the 16-bit or 32-bit libraries, patterns and subject strings are converted to 16-bit or 32-bit format before being passed to the li- - brary functions. Results are converted back to 8-bit code units for + brary functions. Results are converted back to 8-bit code units for output. In the rest of this document, the names of library functions and struc- @@ -70,17 +71,17 @@ INPUT ENCODING Input for the 16-bit and 32-bit libraries When testing the 16-bit or 32-bit libraries, there is a need to be able - to generate character code points greater than 255 in the strings that - are passed to the library. For subject lines, backslash escapes can be - used. In addition, when the utf modifier (see "Setting compilation op- - tions" below) is set, the pattern and any following subject lines are - interpreted as UTF-8 strings and translated to UTF-16 or UTF-32 as ap- + to generate character code points greater than 255 in the strings that + are passed to the library. For subject lines, backslash escapes can be + used. In addition, when the utf modifier (see "Setting compilation op- + tions" below) is set, the pattern and any following subject lines are + interpreted as UTF-8 strings and translated to UTF-16 or UTF-32 as ap- propriate. - For non-UTF testing of wide characters, the utf8_input modifier can be - used. This is mutually exclusive with utf, and is allowed only in - 16-bit or 32-bit mode. It causes the pattern and following subject - lines to be treated as UTF-8 according to the original definition (RFC + For non-UTF testing of wide characters, the utf8_input modifier can be + used. This is mutually exclusive with utf, and is allowed only in + 16-bit or 32-bit mode. It causes the pattern and following subject + lines to be treated as UTF-8 according to the original definition (RFC 2279), which allows for character values up to 0x7fffffff. Each charac- ter is placed in one 16-bit or 32-bit code unit (in the 16-bit case, values greater than 0xffff cause an error to occur). @@ -97,28 +98,28 @@ INPUT ENCODING COMMAND LINE OPTIONS -8 If the 8-bit library has been built, this option causes it to - be used (this is the default). If the 8-bit library has not + be used (this is the default). If the 8-bit library has not been built, this option causes an error. - -16 If the 16-bit library has been built, this option causes it - to be used. If only the 16-bit library has been built, this - is the default. If the 16-bit library has not been built, - this option causes an error. + -16 If the 16-bit library has been built, this option causes it + to be used. If the 8-bit library has not been built, this is + the default. If the 16-bit library has not been built, this + option causes an error. - -32 If the 32-bit library has been built, this option causes it - to be used. If only the 32-bit library has been built, this - is the default. If the 32-bit library has not been built, - this option causes an error. + -32 If the 32-bit library has been built, this option causes it + to be used. If no other library has been built, this is the + default. If the 32-bit library has not been built, this op- + tion causes an error. -ac Behave as if each pattern has the auto_callout modifier, that is, insert automatic callouts into every pattern that is com- piled. - -AC As for -ac, but in addition behave as if each subject line - has the callout_extra modifier, that is, show additional in- + -AC As for -ac, but in addition behave as if each subject line + has the callout_extra modifier, that is, show additional in- formation from callouts. - -b Behave as if each pattern has the fullbincode modifier; the + -b Behave as if each pattern has the fullbincode modifier; the full internal binary form of the pattern is output after com- pilation. @@ -190,9 +191,9 @@ COMMAND LINE OPTIONS passed directly to the JIT matcher via its "fast path". -jitverify - Behave as if each pattern line has the jitverify modifier; - after successful compilation, each pattern is passed to the - just-in-time compiler, if available, and the use of JIT for + Behave as if each pattern line has the jitverify modifier; + after successful compilation, each pattern is passed to the + just-in-time compiler, if available, and the use of JIT for matching is verified. -LM List modifiers: write a list of available pattern and subject @@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ COMMAND LINE OPTIONS All other options are ignored. If both -C and any -Lx options are present, whichever is first is recognized. - -LS List scripts: write a list of recogized Unicode script names + -LS List scripts: write a list of recognized Unicode script names to the standard output, then exit with zero exit code. All other options are ignored. If both -C and any -Lx options are present, whichever is first is recognized. @@ -233,8 +234,8 @@ COMMAND LINE OPTIONS -tm This is like -t except that it times only the matching phase, not the compile phase. - -T -TM These behave like -t and -tm, but in addition, at the end of - a run, the total times for all compiles and matches are out- + -T -TM These behave like -t and -tm, but in addition, at the end of + a run, the total times for all compiles and matches are out- put. -version Output the PCRE2 version number and then exit. @@ -242,15 +243,15 @@ COMMAND LINE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION - If pcre2test is given two filename arguments, it reads from the first + If pcre2test is given two filename arguments, it reads from the first and writes to the second. If the first name is "-", input is taken from the standard input. If pcre2test is given only one argument, it reads from that file and writes to stdout. Otherwise, it reads from stdin and writes to stdout. - When pcre2test is built, a configuration option can specify that it - should be linked with the libreadline or libedit library. When this is - done, if the input is from a terminal, it is read using the readline() + When pcre2test is built, a configuration option can specify that it + should be linked with the libreadline or libedit library. When this is + done, if the input is from a terminal, it is read using the readline() function. This provides line-editing and history facilities. The output from the -help option states whether or not readline() will be used. @@ -259,17 +260,17 @@ DESCRIPTION followed by any number of subject lines to be matched against that pat- tern. In between sets of test data, command lines that begin with # may appear. This file format, with some restrictions, can also be processed - by the perltest.sh script that is distributed with PCRE2 as a means of + by the perltest.sh script that is distributed with PCRE2 as a means of checking that the behaviour of PCRE2 and Perl is the same. For a speci- fication of perltest.sh, see the comments near its beginning. See also the #perltest command below. When the input is a terminal, pcre2test prompts for each line of input, - using "re>" to prompt for regular expression patterns, and "data>" to - prompt for subject lines. Command lines starting with # can be entered + using "re>" to prompt for regular expression patterns, and "data>" to + prompt for subject lines. Command lines starting with # can be entered only in response to the "re>" prompt. - Each subject line is matched separately and independently. If you want + Each subject line is matched separately and independently. If you want to do multi-line matches, you have to use the \n escape sequence (or \r or \r\n, etc., depending on the newline setting) in a single line of input to encode the newline sequences. There is no limit on the length @@ -287,25 +288,25 @@ COMMAND LINES In between sets of test data, a line that begins with # is interpreted as a command line. If the first character is followed by white space or - an exclamation mark, the line is treated as a comment, and ignored. + an exclamation mark, the line is treated as a comment, and ignored. Otherwise, the following commands are recognized: #forbid_utf - Subsequent patterns automatically have the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF and - PCRE2_NEVER_UCP options set, which locks out the use of the PCRE2_UTF - and PCRE2_UCP options and the use of (*UTF) and (*UCP) at the start of - patterns. This command also forces an error if a subsequent pattern - contains any occurrences of \P, \p, or \X, which are still supported - when PCRE2_UTF is not set, but which require Unicode property support + Subsequent patterns automatically have the PCRE2_NEVER_UTF and + PCRE2_NEVER_UCP options set, which locks out the use of the PCRE2_UTF + and PCRE2_UCP options and the use of (*UTF) and (*UCP) at the start of + patterns. This command also forces an error if a subsequent pattern + contains any occurrences of \P, \p, or \X, which are still supported + when PCRE2_UTF is not set, but which require Unicode property support to be included in the library. - This is a trigger guard that is used in test files to ensure that UTF - or Unicode property tests are not accidentally added to files that are - used when Unicode support is not included in the library. Setting - PCRE2_NEVER_UTF and PCRE2_NEVER_UCP as a default can also be obtained - by the use of #pattern; the difference is that #forbid_utf cannot be - unset, and the automatic options are not displayed in pattern informa- + This is a trigger guard that is used in test files to ensure that UTF + or Unicode property tests are not accidentally added to files that are + used when Unicode support is not included in the library. Setting + PCRE2_NEVER_UTF and PCRE2_NEVER_UCP as a default can also be obtained + by the use of #pattern; the difference is that #forbid_utf cannot be + unset, and the automatic options are not displayed in pattern informa- tion, to avoid cluttering up test output. #load @@ -325,10 +326,10 @@ COMMAND LINES When PCRE2 is built, a default newline convention can be specified. This determines which characters and/or character pairs are recognized as indicating a newline in a pattern or subject string. The default can - be overridden when a pattern is compiled. The standard test files con- - tain tests of various newline conventions, but the majority of the - tests expect a single linefeed to be recognized as a newline by de- - fault. Without special action the tests would fail when PCRE2 is com- + be overridden when a pattern is compiled. The standard test files con- + tain tests of various newline conventions, but the majority of the + tests expect a single linefeed to be recognized as a newline by de- + fault. Without special action the tests would fail when PCRE2 is com- piled with either CR or CRLF as the default newline. The #newline_default command specifies a list of newline types that are @@ -338,13 +339,13 @@ COMMAND LINES #newline_default LF Any anyCRLF If the default newline is in the list, this command has no effect. Oth- - erwise, except when testing the POSIX API, a newline modifier that + erwise, except when testing the POSIX API, a newline modifier that specifies the first newline convention in the list (LF in the above ex- ample) is added to any pattern that does not already have a newline modifier. If the newline list is empty, the feature is turned off. This command is present in a number of the standard test input files. - When the POSIX API is being tested there is no way to override the de- + When the POSIX API is being tested there is no way to override the de- fault newline convention, though it is possible to set the newline con- vention from within the pattern. A warning is given if the posix or posix_nosub modifier is used when #newline_default would set a default @@ -367,28 +368,28 @@ COMMAND LINES that set or unset "mark" are recognized and acted on. The #perltest, #forbid_utf, and #newline_default commands, which are needed in the relevant pcre2test files, are silently ignored. All other command lines - are ignored, but give a warning message. The #perltest command helps - detect tests that are accidentally put in the wrong file or use the - wrong delimiter. For more details of the perltest.sh script see the + are ignored, but give a warning message. The #perltest command helps + detect tests that are accidentally put in the wrong file or use the + wrong delimiter. For more details of the perltest.sh script see the comments it contains. #pop [ ] #popcopy [ ] - These commands are used to manipulate the stack of compiled patterns, - as described in the section entitled "Saving and restoring compiled + These commands are used to manipulate the stack of compiled patterns, + as described in the section entitled "Saving and restoring compiled patterns" below. #save - This command is used to save a set of compiled patterns to a file, as - described in the section entitled "Saving and restoring compiled pat- + This command is used to save a set of compiled patterns to a file, as + described in the section entitled "Saving and restoring compiled pat- terns" below. #subject - This command sets a default modifier list that applies to all subse- - quent subject lines. Modifiers on a subject line can change these set- + This command sets a default modifier list that applies to all subse- + quent subject lines. Modifiers on a subject line can change these set- tings. @@ -396,38 +397,38 @@ MODIFIER SYNTAX Modifier lists are used with both pattern and subject lines. Items in a list are separated by commas followed by optional white space. Trailing - whitespace in a modifier list is ignored. Some modifiers may be given - for both patterns and subject lines, whereas others are valid only for - one or the other. Each modifier has a long name, for example "an- - chored", and some of them must be followed by an equals sign and a - value, for example, "offset=12". Values cannot contain comma charac- - ters, but may contain spaces. Modifiers that do not take values may be + whitespace in a modifier list is ignored. Some modifiers may be given + for both patterns and subject lines, whereas others are valid only for + one or the other. Each modifier has a long name, for example "an- + chored", and some of them must be followed by an equals sign and a + value, for example, "offset=12". Values cannot contain comma charac- + ters, but may contain spaces. Modifiers that do not take values may be preceded by a minus sign to turn off a previous setting. A few of the more common modifiers can also be specified as single let- ters, for example "i" for "caseless". In documentation, following the Perl convention, these are written with a slash ("the /i modifier") for - clarity. Abbreviated modifiers must all be concatenated in the first - item of a modifier list. If the first item is not recognized as a long - modifier name, it is interpreted as a sequence of these abbreviations. + clarity. Abbreviated modifiers must all be concatenated in the first + item of a modifier list. If the first item is not recognized as a long + modifier name, it is interpreted as a sequence of these abbreviations. For example: /abc/ig,newline=cr,jit=3 - This is a pattern line whose modifier list starts with two one-letter - modifiers (/i and /g). The lower-case abbreviated modifiers are the + This is a pattern line whose modifier list starts with two one-letter + modifiers (/i and /g). The lower-case abbreviated modifiers are the same as used in Perl. PATTERN SYNTAX - A pattern line must start with one of the following characters (common + A pattern line must start with one of the following characters (common symbols, excluding pattern meta-characters): / ! " ' ` - = _ : ; , % & @ ~ - This is interpreted as the pattern's delimiter. A regular expression - may be continued over several input lines, in which case the newline + This is interpreted as the pattern's delimiter. A regular expression + may be continued over several input lines, in which case the newline characters are included within it. It is possible to include the delim- iter as a literal within the pattern by escaping it with a backslash, for example @@ -436,16 +437,16 @@ PATTERN SYNTAX If you do this, the escape and the delimiter form part of the pattern, but since the delimiters are all non-alphanumeric, the inclusion of the - backslash does not affect the pattern's interpretation. Note, however, + backslash does not affect the pattern's interpretation. Note, however, that this trick does not work within \Q...\E literal bracketing because the backslash will itself be interpreted as a literal. If the terminat- ing delimiter is immediately followed by a backslash, for example, /abc/\ - then a backslash is added to the end of the pattern. This is done to - provide a way of testing the error condition that arises if a pattern - finishes with a backslash, because + a backslash is added to the end of the pattern. This is done to provide + a way of testing the error condition that arises if a pattern finishes + with a backslash, because /abc\/ @@ -459,9 +460,9 @@ PATTERN SYNTAX SUBJECT LINE SYNTAX Before each subject line is passed to pcre2_match(), pcre2_dfa_match(), - or pcre2_jit_match(), leading and trailing white space is removed, and - the line is scanned for backslash escapes, unless the subject_literal - modifier was set for the pattern. The following provide a means of en- + or pcre2_jit_match(), leading and trailing white space is removed, and + the line is scanned for backslash escapes, unless the subject_literal + modifier was set for the pattern. The following provide a means of en- coding non-printing characters in a visible way: \a alarm (BEL, \x07) @@ -503,31 +504,31 @@ SUBJECT LINE SYNTAX \[ ]{ } - This makes it possible to test long strings without having to provide + This makes it possible to test long strings without having to provide them as part of the file. For example: \[abc]{4} - is converted to "abcabcabcabc". This feature does not support nesting. + is converted to "abcabcabcabc". This feature does not support nesting. To include a closing square bracket in the characters, code it as \x5D. - A backslash followed by an equals sign marks the end of the subject + A backslash followed by an equals sign marks the end of the subject string and the start of a modifier list. For example: abc\=notbol,notempty - If the subject string is empty and \= is followed by whitespace, the - line is treated as a comment line, and is not used for matching. For + If the subject string is empty and \= is followed by whitespace, the + line is treated as a comment line, and is not used for matching. For example: \= This is a comment. abc\= This is an invalid modifier list. - A backslash followed by any other non-alphanumeric character just es- - capes that character. A backslash followed by anything else causes an - error. However, if the very last character in the line is a backslash - (and there is no modifier list), it is ignored. This gives a way of - passing an empty line as data, since a real empty line terminates the + A backslash followed by any other non-alphanumeric character just es- + capes that character. A backslash followed by anything else causes an + error. However, if the very last character in the line is a backslash + (and there is no modifier list), it is ignored. This gives a way of + passing an empty line as data, since a real empty line terminates the data input. If the subject_literal modifier is set for a pattern, all subject lines @@ -540,21 +541,20 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS There are several types of modifier that can appear in pattern lines. Except where noted below, they may also be used in #pattern commands. A - pattern's modifier list can add to or override default modifiers that + pattern's modifier list can add to or override default modifiers that were set by a previous #pattern command. Setting compilation options - The following modifiers set options for pcre2_compile(). Most of them - set bits in the options argument of that function, but those whose + The following modifiers set options for pcre2_compile(). Most of them + set bits in the options argument of that function, but those whose names start with PCRE2_EXTRA are additional options that are set in the - compile context. For the main options, there are some single-letter ab- - breviations that are the same as Perl options. There is special han- - dling for /x: if a second x is present, PCRE2_EXTENDED is converted - into PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE as in Perl. A third appearance adds PCRE2_EX- - TENDED as well, though this makes no difference to the way pcre2_com- - pile() behaves. See pcre2api for a description of the effects of these - options. + compile context. Some of these options have single-letter abbrevia- + tions. There is special handling for /x: if a second x is present, + PCRE2_EXTENDED is converted into PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE as in Perl. A + third appearance adds PCRE2_EXTENDED as well, though this makes no dif- + ference to the way pcre2_compile() behaves. See pcre2api for a descrip- + tion of the effects of these options. allow_empty_class set PCRE2_ALLOW_EMPTY_CLASS allow_lookaround_bsk set PCRE2_EXTRA_ALLOW_LOOKAROUND_BSK @@ -563,9 +563,16 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS alt_circumflex set PCRE2_ALT_CIRCUMFLEX alt_verbnames set PCRE2_ALT_VERBNAMES anchored set PCRE2_ANCHORED + /a ascii_all set all ASCII options + ascii_bsd set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSD + ascii_bss set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSS + ascii_bsw set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_BSW + ascii_digit set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT + ascii_posix set PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_POSIX auto_callout set PCRE2_AUTO_CALLOUT bad_escape_is_literal set PCRE2_EXTRA_BAD_ESCAPE_IS_LITERAL /i caseless set PCRE2_CASELESS + /r caseless_restrict set PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT dollar_endonly set PCRE2_DOLLAR_ENDONLY /s dotall set PCRE2_DOTALL dupnames set PCRE2_DUPNAMES @@ -623,10 +630,12 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS jitfast use JIT fast path jitverify verify JIT use locale= use this locale - max_pattern_length= set the maximum pattern length + max_pattern_length= set maximum pattern length + max_varlookbehind= set maximum variable lookbehind length memory show memory used newline= set newline type null_context compile with a NULL context + null_pattern pass pattern as NULL parens_nest_limit= set maximum parentheses depth posix use the POSIX API posix_nosub use the POSIX API with REG_NOSUB @@ -648,7 +657,7 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS specified when PCRE2 is built; if it is not, the default is set to Uni- code. - The newline modifier specifies which characters are to be interpreted + The newline modifier specifies which characters are to be interpreted as newlines, both in the pattern and in subject lines. The type must be one of CR, LF, CRLF, ANYCRLF, ANY, or NUL (in upper or lower case). @@ -658,7 +667,7 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS available information. The bincode modifier causes a representation of the compiled code to be - output after compilation. This information does not contain length and + output after compilation. This information does not contain length and offset values, which ensures that the same output is generated for dif- ferent internal link sizes and different code unit widths. By using bincode, the same regression tests can be used in different environ- @@ -700,9 +709,11 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS no_start_optimize is set because the minimum length is not calculated when it can never be used. - The framesize modifier shows the size, in bytes, of the storage frames + The framesize modifier shows the size, in bytes, of each storage frame used by pcre2_match() for handling backtracking. The size depends on - the number of capturing parentheses in the pattern. + the number of capturing parentheses in the pattern. A vector of these + frames is used at matching time; its overall size is shown when the + heaframes_size subject modifier is set. The callout_info modifier requests information about all the callouts in the pattern. A list of them is output at the end of any other infor- @@ -716,25 +727,32 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS testing that pcre2_compile() behaves correctly in this case (it uses default values). + Passing a NULL pattern + + The null_pattern modifier is for testing the behaviour of pcre2_com- + pile() when the pattern argument is NULL. The length value passed is + the default PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED unless use_length is set. Any length + other than zero causes an error. + Specifying pattern characters in hexadecimal The hex modifier specifies that the characters of the pattern, except for substrings enclosed in single or double quotes, are to be inter- preted as pairs of hexadecimal digits. This feature is provided as a way of creating patterns that contain binary zeros and other non-print- - ing characters. White space is permitted between pairs of digits. For + ing characters. White space is permitted between pairs of digits. For example, this pattern contains three characters: /ab 32 59/hex - Parts of such a pattern are taken literally if quoted. This pattern - contains nine characters, only two of which are specified in hexadeci- + Parts of such a pattern are taken literally if quoted. This pattern + contains nine characters, only two of which are specified in hexadeci- mal: /ab "literal" 32/hex - Either single or double quotes may be used. There is no way of includ- - ing the delimiter within a substring. The hex and expand modifiers are + Either single or double quotes may be used. There is no way of includ- + ing the delimiter within a substring. The hex and expand modifiers are mutually exclusive. Specifying the pattern's length @@ -747,13 +765,23 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS ros. If hex or use_length is used with the POSIX wrapper API (see "Using the - POSIX wrapper API" below), the REG_PEND extension is used to pass the + POSIX wrapper API" below), the REG_PEND extension is used to pass the pattern's length. + Specifying a maximum for variable lookbehinds + + Variable lookbehind assertions are supported only if, for each one, + there is a maximum length (in characters) that it can match. There is a + limit on this, whose default can be set at build time, with an ultimate + default of 255. The max_varlookbehind modifier uses the + pcre2_set_max_varlookbehind() function to change the limit. Lookbehinds + whose branches each match a fixed length are limited to 65535 charac- + ters per branch. + Specifying wide characters in 16-bit and 32-bit modes In 16-bit and 32-bit modes, all input is automatically treated as UTF-8 - and translated to UTF-16 or UTF-32 when the utf modifier is set. For + and translated to UTF-16 or UTF-32 when the utf modifier is set. For testing the 16-bit and 32-bit libraries in non-UTF mode, the utf8_input modifier can be used. It is mutually exclusive with utf. Input lines are interpreted as UTF-8 as a means of specifying wide characters. More @@ -761,18 +789,18 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS Generating long repetitive patterns - Some tests use long patterns that are very repetitive. Instead of cre- - ating a very long input line for such a pattern, you can use a special - repetition feature, similar to the one described for subject lines - above. If the expand modifier is present on a pattern, parts of the + Some tests use long patterns that are very repetitive. Instead of cre- + ating a very long input line for such a pattern, you can use a special + repetition feature, similar to the one described for subject lines + above. If the expand modifier is present on a pattern, parts of the pattern that have the form \[ ]{ } are expanded before the pattern is passed to pcre2_compile(). For exam- ple, \[AB]{6000} is expanded to "ABAB..." 6000 times. This construction - cannot be nested. An initial "\[" sequence is recognized only if "]{" - followed by decimal digits and "}" is found later in the pattern. If + cannot be nested. An initial "\[" sequence is recognized only if "]{" + followed by decimal digits and "}" is found later in the pattern. If not, the characters remain in the pattern unaltered. The expand and hex modifiers are mutually exclusive. @@ -797,8 +825,8 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS options are specified for each match attempt. JIT compilation is requested by the jit pattern modifier, which may op- - tionally be followed by an equals sign and a number in the range 0 to - 7. The three bits that make up the number specify which of the three + tionally be followed by an equals sign and a number in the range 0 to + 7. The three bits that make up the number specify which of the three JIT operating modes are to be compiled: 1 compile JIT code for non-partial matching @@ -815,16 +843,16 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS 6 soft and hard partial matching only 7 all three modes - If no number is given, 7 is assumed. The phrase "partial matching" + If no number is given, 7 is assumed. The phrase "partial matching" means a call to pcre2_match() with either the PCRE2_PARTIAL_SOFT or the PCRE2_PARTIAL_HARD option set. Note that such a call may return a com- plete match; the options enable the possibility of a partial match, but - do not require it. Note also that if you request JIT compilation only - for partial matching (for example, jit=2) but do not set the partial - modifier on a subject line, that match will not use JIT code because + do not require it. Note also that if you request JIT compilation only + for partial matching (for example, jit=2) but do not set the partial + modifier on a subject line, that match will not use JIT code because none was compiled for non-partial matching. - If JIT compilation is successful, the compiled JIT code will automati- + If JIT compilation is successful, the compiled JIT code will automati- cally be used when an appropriate type of match is run, except when in- compatible run-time options are specified. For more details, see the pcre2jit documentation. See also the jitstack modifier below for a way @@ -854,7 +882,7 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS pile() when compiling the regular expression. The same tables are used when matching the following subject lines. The locale modifier applies only to the pattern on which it appears, but can be given in a #pattern - command if a default is needed. Setting a locale and alternate charac- + command if a default is needed. Setting a locale and alternate charac- ter tables are mutually exclusive. Showing pattern memory @@ -882,15 +910,15 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS The max_pattern_length modifier sets a limit, in code units, to the length of pattern that pcre2_compile() will accept. Breaching the limit - causes a compilation error. The default is the largest number a + causes a compilation error. The default is the largest number a PCRE2_SIZE variable can hold (essentially unlimited). Using the POSIX wrapper API - The posix and posix_nosub modifiers cause pcre2test to call PCRE2 via - the POSIX wrapper API rather than its native API. When posix_nosub is - used, the POSIX option REG_NOSUB is passed to regcomp(). The POSIX - wrapper supports only the 8-bit library. Note that it does not imply + The posix and posix_nosub modifiers cause pcre2test to call PCRE2 via + the POSIX wrapper API rather than its native API. When posix_nosub is + used, the POSIX option REG_NOSUB is passed to regcomp(). The POSIX + wrapper supports only the 8-bit library. Note that it does not imply POSIX matching semantics; for more detail see the pcre2posix documenta- tion. The following pattern modifiers set options for the regcomp() function: @@ -916,7 +944,7 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS low. All other modifiers are either ignored, with a warning message, or cause an error. - The pattern is passed to regcomp() as a zero-terminated string by de- + The pattern is passed to regcomp() as a zero-terminated string by de- fault, but if the use_length or hex modifiers are set, the REG_PEND ex- tension is used to pass it by length. @@ -927,8 +955,8 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS availability to be checked during compilation (see the pcre2api docu- mentation for details). If the number specified by the modifier is greater than zero, pcre2_set_compile_recursion_guard() is called to set - up callback from pcre2_compile() to a local function. The argument it - receives is the current nesting parenthesis depth; if this is greater + up callback from pcre2_compile() to a local function. The argument it + receives is the current nesting parenthesis depth; if this is greater than the value given by the modifier, non-zero is returned, causing the compilation to be aborted. @@ -936,8 +964,8 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS The value specified for the tables modifier must be one of the digits 0, 1, 2, or 3. It causes a specific set of built-in character tables to - be passed to pcre2_compile(). This is used in the PCRE2 tests to check - behaviour with different character tables. The digit specifies the ta- + be passed to pcre2_compile(). This is used in the PCRE2 tests to check + behaviour with different character tables. The digit specifies the ta- bles as follows: 0 do not pass any special character tables @@ -948,7 +976,7 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS In tables 2, some characters whose codes are greater than 128 are iden- tified as letters, digits, spaces, etc. Tables 3 can be used only after - a #loadtables command has loaded them from a binary file. Setting al- + a #loadtables command has loaded them from a binary file. Setting al- ternate character tables and a locale are mutually exclusive. Setting certain match controls @@ -966,6 +994,7 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS allusedtext show all consulted text altglobal alternative global matching /g global global matching + heapframes_size show match data heapframes size jitstack= set size of JIT stack mark show mark values replace= specify a replacement string @@ -988,15 +1017,15 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS If the subject_literal modifier is present on a pattern, all the sub- ject lines that it matches are taken as literal strings, with no inter- - pretation of backslashes. It is not possible to set subject modifiers - on such lines, but any that are set as defaults by a #subject command + pretation of backslashes. It is not possible to set subject modifiers + on such lines, but any that are set as defaults by a #subject command are recognized. Saving a compiled pattern - When a pattern with the push modifier is successfully compiled, it is - pushed onto a stack of compiled patterns, and pcre2test expects the - next line to contain a new pattern (or a command) instead of a subject + When a pattern with the push modifier is successfully compiled, it is + pushed onto a stack of compiled patterns, and pcre2test expects the + next line to contain a new pattern (or a command) instead of a subject line. This facility is used when saving compiled patterns to a file, as described in the section entitled "Saving and restoring compiled pat- terns" below. If pushcopy is used instead of push, a copy of the com- @@ -1005,15 +1034,15 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS pcre2_code_copy() function. The push and pushcopy modifiers are in- compatible with compilation modifiers such as global that act at match time. Any that are specified are ignored (for the stacked copy), with a - warning message, except for replace, which causes an error. Note that - jitverify, which is allowed, does not carry through to any subsequent + warning message, except for replace, which causes an error. Note that + jitverify, which is allowed, does not carry through to any subsequent matching that uses a stacked pattern. Testing foreign pattern conversion - The experimental foreign pattern conversion functions in PCRE2 can be - tested by setting the convert modifier. Its argument is a colon-sepa- - rated list of options, which set the equivalent option for the + The experimental foreign pattern conversion functions in PCRE2 can be + tested by setting the convert modifier. Its argument is a colon-sepa- + rated list of options, which set the equivalent option for the pcre2_pattern_convert() function: glob PCRE2_CONVERT_GLOB @@ -1025,19 +1054,19 @@ PATTERN MODIFIERS The "unset" value is useful for turning off a default that has been set by a #pattern command. When one of these options is set, the input pat- - tern is passed to pcre2_pattern_convert(). If the conversion is suc- - cessful, the result is reflected in the output and then passed to + tern is passed to pcre2_pattern_convert(). If the conversion is suc- + cessful, the result is reflected in the output and then passed to pcre2_compile(). The normal utf and no_utf_check options, if set, cause the PCRE2_CONVERT_UTF and PCRE2_CONVERT_NO_UTF_CHECK options to be passed to pcre2_pattern_convert(). By default, the conversion function is allowed to allocate a buffer for - its output. However, if the convert_length modifier is set to a value - greater than zero, pcre2test passes a buffer of the given length. This + its output. However, if the convert_length modifier is set to a value + greater than zero, pcre2test passes a buffer of the given length. This makes it possible to test the length check. - The convert_glob_escape and convert_glob_separator modifiers can be - used to specify the escape and separator characters for glob process- + The convert_glob_escape and convert_glob_separator modifiers can be + used to specify the escape and separator characters for glob process- ing, overriding the defaults, which are operating-system dependent. @@ -1089,10 +1118,10 @@ SUBJECT MODIFIERS Setting match controls - The following modifiers affect the matching process or request addi- - tional information. Some of them may also be specified on a pattern - line (see above), in which case they apply to every subject line that - is matched against that pattern, but can be overridden by modifiers on + The following modifiers affect the matching process or request addi- + tional information. Some of them may also be specified on a pattern + line (see above), in which case they apply to every subject line that + is matched against that pattern, but can be overridden by modifiers on the subject. aftertext show text after match @@ -1111,10 +1140,12 @@ SUBJECT MODIFIERS copy= copy captured substring depth_limit= set a depth limit dfa use pcre2_dfa_match() - find_limits find match and depth limits + find_limits find heap, match and depth limits + find_limits_noheap find match and depth limits get= extract captured substring getall extract all captured substrings /g global global matching + heapframes_size show match data heapframes size heap_limit= set a limit on heap memory (Kbytes) jitstack= set size of JIT stack mark show mark values @@ -1153,17 +1184,17 @@ SUBJECT MODIFIERS the subject string that matched the entire pattern, pcre2test should in addition output the remainder of the subject string. This is useful for tests where the subject contains multiple copies of the same substring. - The allaftertext modifier requests the same action for captured sub- + The allaftertext modifier requests the same action for captured sub- strings as well as the main matched substring. In each case the remain- der is output on the following line with a plus character following the capture number. - The allusedtext modifier requests that all the text that was consulted - during a successful pattern match by the interpreter should be shown, - for both full and partial matches. This feature is not supported for - JIT matching, and if requested with JIT it is ignored (with a warning - message). Setting this modifier affects the output if there is a look- - behind at the start of a match, or, for a complete match, a lookahead + The allusedtext modifier requests that all the text that was consulted + during a successful pattern match by the interpreter should be shown, + for both full and partial matches. This feature is not supported for + JIT matching, and if requested with JIT it is ignored (with a warning + message). Setting this modifier affects the output if there is a look- + behind at the start of a match, or, for a complete match, a lookahead at the end, or if \K is used in the pattern. Characters that precede or follow the start and end of the actual match are indicated in the out- put by '<' or '>' characters underneath them. Here is an example: @@ -1194,7 +1225,7 @@ SUBJECT MODIFIERS 0: abcxyz ^^^ - Unlike allusedtext, the startchar modifier can be used with JIT. How- + Unlike allusedtext, the startchar modifier can be used with JIT. How- ever, these two modifiers are mutually exclusive. Showing the value of all capture groups @@ -1230,51 +1261,51 @@ SUBJECT MODIFIERS ing functions, unless callout_none is specified. Its behaviour can be controlled by various modifiers listed above whose names begin with callout_. Details are given in the section entitled "Callouts" below. - Testing callouts from pcre2_substitute() is decribed separately in + Testing callouts from pcre2_substitute() is described separately in "Testing the substitution function" below. Finding all matches in a string Searching for all possible matches within a subject can be requested by - the global or altglobal modifier. After finding a match, the matching - function is called again to search the remainder of the subject. The - difference between global and altglobal is that the former uses the - start_offset argument to pcre2_match() or pcre2_dfa_match() to start - searching at a new point within the entire string (which is what Perl + the global or altglobal modifier. After finding a match, the matching + function is called again to search the remainder of the subject. The + difference between global and altglobal is that the former uses the + start_offset argument to pcre2_match() or pcre2_dfa_match() to start + searching at a new point within the entire string (which is what Perl does), whereas the latter passes over a shortened subject. This makes a difference to the matching process if the pattern begins with a lookbe- hind assertion (including \b or \B). - If an empty string is matched, the next match is done with the + If an empty string is matched, the next match is done with the PCRE2_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART and PCRE2_ANCHORED flags set, in order to search for another, non-empty, match at the same point in the subject. If this - match fails, the start offset is advanced, and the normal match is re- - tried. This imitates the way Perl handles such cases when using the /g - modifier or the split() function. Normally, the start offset is ad- - vanced by one character, but if the newline convention recognizes CRLF - as a newline, and the current character is CR followed by LF, an ad- + match fails, the start offset is advanced, and the normal match is re- + tried. This imitates the way Perl handles such cases when using the /g + modifier or the split() function. Normally, the start offset is ad- + vanced by one character, but if the newline convention recognizes CRLF + as a newline, and the current character is CR followed by LF, an ad- vance of two characters occurs. Testing substring extraction functions - The copy and get modifiers can be used to test the pcre2_sub- + The copy and get modifiers can be used to test the pcre2_sub- string_copy_xxx() and pcre2_substring_get_xxx() functions. They can be given more than once, and each can specify a capture group name or num- ber, for example: abcd\=copy=1,copy=3,get=G1 - If the #subject command is used to set default copy and/or get lists, - these can be unset by specifying a negative number to cancel all num- + If the #subject command is used to set default copy and/or get lists, + these can be unset by specifying a negative number to cancel all num- bered groups and an empty name to cancel all named groups. - The getall modifier tests pcre2_substring_list_get(), which extracts + The getall modifier tests pcre2_substring_list_get(), which extracts all captured substrings. - If the subject line is successfully matched, the substrings extracted - by the convenience functions are output with C, G, or L after the - string number instead of a colon. This is in addition to the normal - full list. The string length (that is, the return from the extraction + If the subject line is successfully matched, the substrings extracted + by the convenience functions are output with C, G, or L after the + string number instead of a colon. This is in addition to the normal + full list. The string length (that is, the return from the extraction function) is given in parentheses after each substring, followed by the name when the extraction was by name. @@ -1358,9 +1389,9 @@ SUBJECT MODIFIERS Testing substitute callouts If the substitute_callout modifier is set, a substitution callout func- - tion is set up. The null_context modifier must not be set, because the - address of the callout function is passed in a match context. When the - callout function is called (after each substitution), details of the + tion is set up. The null_context modifier must not be set, because the + address of the callout function is passed in a match context. When the + callout function is called (after each substitution), details of the the input and output strings are output. For example: /abc/g,replace=<$0>,substitute_callout @@ -1369,19 +1400,19 @@ SUBJECT MODIFIERS 2(1) Old 6 9 "abc" New 8 13 " " 2: def pqr - The first number on each callout line is the count of matches. The + The first number on each callout line is the count of matches. The parenthesized number is the number of pairs that are set in the ovector (that is, one more than the number of capturing groups that were set). Then are listed the offsets of the old substring, its contents, and the same for the replacement. - By default, the substitution callout function returns zero, which ac- - cepts the replacement and causes matching to continue if /g was used. - Two further modifiers can be used to test other return values. If sub- - stitute_skip is set to a value greater than zero the callout function - returns +1 for the match of that number, and similarly substitute_stop - returns -1. These cause the replacement to be rejected, and -1 causes - no further matching to take place. If either of them are set, substi- + By default, the substitution callout function returns zero, which ac- + cepts the replacement and causes matching to continue if /g was used. + Two further modifiers can be used to test other return values. If sub- + stitute_skip is set to a value greater than zero the callout function + returns +1 for the match of that number, and similarly substitute_stop + returns -1. These cause the replacement to be rejected, and -1 causes + no further matching to take place. If either of them are set, substi- tute_callout is assumed. For example: /abc/g,replace=<$0>,substitute_skip=1 @@ -1399,10 +1430,10 @@ SUBJECT MODIFIERS Setting the JIT stack size - The jitstack modifier provides a way of setting the maximum stack size - that is used by the just-in-time optimization code. It is ignored if - JIT optimization is not being used. The value is a number of kibibytes - (units of 1024 bytes). Setting zero reverts to the default of 32KiB. + The jitstack modifier provides a way of setting the maximum stack size + that is used by the just-in-time optimization code. It is ignored if + JIT optimization is not being used. The value is a number of kibibytes + (units of 1024 bytes). Setting zero reverts to the default of 32KiB. Providing a stack that is larger than the default is necessary only for very complicated patterns. If jitstack is set non-zero on a subject line it overrides any value that was set on the pattern. @@ -1411,7 +1442,7 @@ SUBJECT MODIFIERS The heap_limit, match_limit, and depth_limit modifiers set the appro- priate limits in the match context. These values are ignored when the - find_limits modifier is specified. + find_limits or find_limits_noheap modifier is specified. Finding minimum limits @@ -1419,36 +1450,38 @@ SUBJECT MODIFIERS calls the relevant matching function several times, setting different values in the match context via pcre2_set_heap_limit(), pcre2_set_match_limit(), or pcre2_set_depth_limit() until it finds the - minimum values for each parameter that allows the match to complete - without error. If JIT is being used, only the match limit is relevant. + smallest value for each parameter that allows the match to complete + without a "limit exceeded" error. The match itself may succeed or fail. + An alternative modifier, find_limits_noheap, omits the heap limit. This + is used in the standard tests, because the minimum heap limit varies + between systems. If JIT is being used, only the match limit is rele- + vant, and the other two are automatically omitted. When using this modifier, the pattern should not contain any limit set- - tings such as (*LIMIT_MATCH=...) within it. If such a setting is + tings such as (*LIMIT_MATCH=...) within it. If such a setting is present and is lower than the minimum matching value, the minimum value cannot be found because pcre2_set_match_limit() etc. are only able to reduce the value of an in-pattern limit; they cannot increase it. For non-DFA matching, the minimum depth_limit number is a measure of how much nested backtracking happens (that is, how deeply the pattern's - tree is searched). In the case of DFA matching, depth_limit controls - the depth of recursive calls of the internal function that is used for + tree is searched). In the case of DFA matching, depth_limit controls + the depth of recursive calls of the internal function that is used for handling pattern recursion, lookaround assertions, and atomic groups. For non-DFA matching, the match_limit number is a measure of the amount of backtracking that takes place, and learning the minimum value can be - instructive. For most simple matches, the number is quite small, but - for patterns with very large numbers of matching possibilities, it can - become large very quickly with increasing length of subject string. In - the case of DFA matching, match_limit controls the total number of + instructive. For most simple matches, the number is quite small, but + for patterns with very large numbers of matching possibilities, it can + become large very quickly with increasing length of subject string. In + the case of DFA matching, match_limit controls the total number of calls, both recursive and non-recursive, to the internal matching func- tion, thus controlling the overall amount of computing resource that is used. - For both kinds of matching, the heap_limit number, which is in - kibibytes (units of 1024 bytes), limits the amount of heap memory used - for matching. A value of zero disables the use of any heap memory; many - simple pattern matches can be done without using the heap, so zero is - not an unreasonable setting. + For both kinds of matching, the heap_limit number, which is in + kibibytes (units of 1024 bytes), limits the amount of heap memory used + for matching. Showing MARK names @@ -1463,62 +1496,77 @@ SUBJECT MODIFIERS The memory modifier causes pcre2test to log the sizes of all heap mem- ory allocation and freeing calls that occur during a call to - pcre2_match() or pcre2_dfa_match(). These occur only when a match re- - quires a bigger vector than the default for remembering backtracking - points (pcre2_match()) or for internal workspace (pcre2_dfa_match()). - In many cases there will be no heap memory used and therefore no addi- - tional output. No heap memory is allocated during matching with JIT, so - in that case the memory modifier never has any effect. For this modi- - fier to work, the null_context modifier must not be set on both the + pcre2_match() or pcre2_dfa_match(). In the latter case, heap memory is + used only when a match requires more internal workspace that the de- + fault allocation on the stack, so in many cases there will be no out- + put. No heap memory is allocated during matching with JIT. For this + modifier to work, the null_context modifier must not be set on both the pattern and the subject, though it can be set on one or the other. + Showing the heap frame overall vector size + + The heapframes_size modifier is relevant for matches using + pcre2_match() without JIT. After a match has run (whether successful or + not) the size, in bytes, of the allocated heap frames vector that is + left attached to the match data block is shown. If the matching action + involved several calls to pcre2_match() (for example, global matching + or for timing) only the final value is shown. + + This modifier is ignored, with a warning, for POSIX or DFA matching. + JIT matching does not use the heap frames vector, so the size is always + zero, unless there was a previous non-JIT match. Note that specifing a + size of zero for the output vector (see below) causes pcre2test to free + its match data block (and associated heap frames vector) and allocate a + new one. + Setting a starting offset - The offset modifier sets an offset in the subject string at which + The offset modifier sets an offset in the subject string at which matching starts. Its value is a number of code units, not characters. Setting an offset limit - The offset_limit modifier sets a limit for unanchored matches. If a + The offset_limit modifier sets a limit for unanchored matches. If a match cannot be found starting at or before this offset in the subject, a "no match" return is given. The data value is a number of code units, - not characters. When this modifier is used, the use_offset_limit modi- + not characters. When this modifier is used, the use_offset_limit modi- fier must have been set for the pattern; if not, an error is generated. Setting the size of the output vector - The ovector modifier applies only to the subject line in which it ap- + The ovector modifier applies only to the subject line in which it ap- pears, though of course it can also be used to set a default in a #sub- ject command. It specifies the number of pairs of offsets that are available for storing matching information. The default is 15. A value of zero is useful when testing the POSIX API because it causes regexec() to be called with a NULL capture vector. When not testing the - POSIX API, a value of zero is used to cause pcre2_match_data_cre- - ate_from_pattern() to be called, in order to create a match block of - exactly the right size for the pattern. (It is not possible to create a - match block with a zero-length ovector; there is always at least one - pair of offsets.) + POSIX API, a value of zero is used to cause pcre2_match_data_cre- + ate_from_pattern() to be called, in order to create a new match block + of exactly the right size for the pattern. (It is not possible to cre- + ate a match block with a zero-length ovector; there is always at least + one pair of offsets.) The old match data block is freed. Passing the subject as zero-terminated By default, the subject string is passed to a native API matching func- tion with its correct length. In order to test the facility for passing - a zero-terminated string, the zero_terminate modifier is provided. It - causes the length to be passed as PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED. When matching + a zero-terminated string, the zero_terminate modifier is provided. It + causes the length to be passed as PCRE2_ZERO_TERMINATED. When matching via the POSIX interface, this modifier is ignored, with a warning. - When testing pcre2_substitute(), this modifier also has the effect of + When testing pcre2_substitute(), this modifier also has the effect of passing the replacement string as zero-terminated. Passing a NULL context, subject, or replacement - Normally, pcre2test passes a context block to pcre2_match(), - pcre2_dfa_match(), pcre2_jit_match() or pcre2_substitute(). If the - null_context modifier is set, however, NULL is passed. This is for - testing that the matching and substitution functions behave correctly - in this case (they use default values). This modifier cannot be used - with the find_limits or substitute_callout modifiers. + Normally, pcre2test passes a context block to pcre2_match(), + pcre2_dfa_match(), pcre2_jit_match() or pcre2_substitute(). If the + null_context modifier is set, however, NULL is passed. This is for + testing that the matching and substitution functions behave correctly + in this case (they use default values). This modifier cannot be used + with the find_limits, find_limits_noheap, or substitute_callout modi- + fiers. Similarly, for testing purposes, if the null_subject or null_replace- ment modifier is set, the subject or replacement string pointers are @@ -1529,24 +1577,24 @@ THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION By default, pcre2test uses the standard PCRE2 matching function, pcre2_match() to match each subject line. PCRE2 also supports an alter- - native matching function, pcre2_dfa_match(), which operates in a dif- - ferent way, and has some restrictions. The differences between the two + native matching function, pcre2_dfa_match(), which operates in a dif- + ferent way, and has some restrictions. The differences between the two functions are described in the pcre2matching documentation. - If the dfa modifier is set, the alternative matching function is used. - This function finds all possible matches at a given point in the sub- - ject. If, however, the dfa_shortest modifier is set, processing stops - after the first match is found. This is always the shortest possible + If the dfa modifier is set, the alternative matching function is used. + This function finds all possible matches at a given point in the sub- + ject. If, however, the dfa_shortest modifier is set, processing stops + after the first match is found. This is always the shortest possible match. DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM pcre2test - This section describes the output when the normal matching function, + This section describes the output when the normal matching function, pcre2_match(), is being used. - When a match succeeds, pcre2test outputs the list of captured sub- - strings, starting with number 0 for the string that matched the whole + When a match succeeds, pcre2test outputs the list of captured sub- + strings, starting with number 0 for the string that matched the whole pattern. Otherwise, it outputs "No match" when the return is PCRE2_ER- ROR_NOMATCH, or "Partial match:" followed by the partially matching substring when the return is PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL. (Note that this is @@ -1555,8 +1603,8 @@ DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM pcre2test assertion, \K, \b, or \B was involved.) For any other return, pcre2test outputs the PCRE2 negative error number - and a short descriptive phrase. If the error is a failed UTF string - check, the code unit offset of the start of the failing character is + and a short descriptive phrase. If the error is a failed UTF string + check, the code unit offset of the start of the failing character is also output. Here is an example of an interactive pcre2test run. $ pcre2test @@ -1588,8 +1636,8 @@ DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM pcre2test If the strings contain any non-printing characters, they are output as \xhh escapes if the value is less than 256 and UTF mode is not set. Otherwise they are output as \x{hh...} escapes. See below for the defi- - nition of non-printing characters. If the aftertext modifier is set, - the output for substring 0 is followed by the the rest of the subject + nition of non-printing characters. If the aftertext modifier is set, + the output for substring 0 is followed by the the rest of the subject string, identified by "0+" like this: re> /cat/aftertext @@ -1618,7 +1666,7 @@ DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM pcre2test Error -24 (bad offset value) Note that whereas patterns can be continued over several lines (a plain - ">" prompt is used for continuations), subject lines may not. However + ">" prompt is used for continuations), subject lines may not. However newlines can be included in a subject by means of the \n escape (or \r, \r\n, etc., depending on the newline sequence setting). @@ -1626,7 +1674,7 @@ DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM pcre2test OUTPUT FROM THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION When the alternative matching function, pcre2_dfa_match(), is used, the - output consists of a list of all the matches that start at the first + output consists of a list of all the matches that start at the first point in the subject where there is at least one match. For example: re> /(tang|tangerine|tan)/ @@ -1635,9 +1683,9 @@ OUTPUT FROM THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION 1: tang 2: tan - Using the normal matching function on this data finds only "tang". The - longest matching string is always given first (and numbered zero). Af- - ter a PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL return, the output is "Partial match:", fol- + Using the normal matching function on this data finds only "tang". The + longest matching string is always given first (and numbered zero). Af- + ter a PCRE2_ERROR_PARTIAL return, the output is "Partial match:", fol- lowed by the partially matching substring. Note that this is the entire substring that was inspected during the partial match; it may include characters before the actual match start if a lookbehind assertion, \b, @@ -1664,7 +1712,7 @@ RESTARTING AFTER A PARTIAL MATCH When the alternative matching function has given the PCRE2_ERROR_PAR- TIAL return, indicating that the subject partially matched the pattern, - you can restart the match with additional subject data by means of the + you can restart the match with additional subject data by means of the dfa_restart modifier. For example: re> /^\d?\d(jan|feb|mar|apr|may|jun|jul|aug|sep|oct|nov|dec)\d\d$/ @@ -1673,7 +1721,7 @@ RESTARTING AFTER A PARTIAL MATCH data> n05\=dfa,dfa_restart 0: n05 - For further information about partial matching, see the pcre2partial + For further information about partial matching, see the pcre2partial documentation. @@ -1682,7 +1730,7 @@ CALLOUTS If the pattern contains any callout requests, pcre2test's callout func- tion is called during matching unless callout_none is specified. This works with both matching functions, and with JIT, though there are some - differences in behaviour. The output for callouts with numerical argu- + differences in behaviour. The output for callouts with numerical argu- ments and those with string arguments is slightly different. Callouts with numerical arguments @@ -1703,7 +1751,7 @@ CALLOUTS Callouts numbered 255 are assumed to be automatic callouts, inserted as a result of the auto_callout pattern modifier. In this case, instead of - showing the callout number, the offset in the pattern, preceded by a + showing the callout number, the offset in the pattern, preceded by a plus, is output. For example: re> /\d?[A-E]\*/auto_callout @@ -1730,9 +1778,9 @@ CALLOUTS +12 ^ ^ 0: abc - The mark changes between matching "a" and "b", but stays the same for - the rest of the match, so nothing more is output. If, as a result of - backtracking, the mark reverts to being unset, the text " " is + The mark changes between matching "a" and "b", but stays the same for + the rest of the match, so nothing more is output. If, as a result of + backtracking, the mark reverts to being unset, the text " " is output. Callouts with string arguments @@ -1766,14 +1814,14 @@ CALLOUTS ever shown. The normal callout output, showing the callout number or pattern offset - (as described above) is suppressed if the callout_no_where modifier is + (as described above) is suppressed if the callout_no_where modifier is set. - When using the interpretive matching function pcre2_match() without - JIT, setting the callout_extra modifier causes additional output from - pcre2test's callout function to be generated. For the first callout in - a match attempt at a new starting position in the subject, "New match - attempt" is output. If there has been a backtrack since the last call- + When using the interpretive matching function pcre2_match() without + JIT, setting the callout_extra modifier causes additional output from + pcre2test's callout function to be generated. For the first callout in + a match attempt at a new starting position in the subject, "New match + attempt" is output. If there has been a backtrack since the last call- out (or start of matching if this is the first callout), "Backtrack" is output, followed by "No other matching paths" if the backtrack ended the previous match attempt. For example: @@ -1829,8 +1877,8 @@ CALLOUTS matching to continue. The callout_fail modifier can be given one or two numbers. If there is only one number, 1 is returned instead of 0 (caus- ing matching to backtrack) when a callout of that number is reached. If - two numbers ( : ) are given, 1 is returned when callout is - reached and there have been at least callouts. The callout_error + two numbers ( : ) are given, 1 is returned when callout is + reached and there have been at least callouts. The callout_error modifier is similar, except that PCRE2_ERROR_CALLOUT is returned, caus- ing the entire matching process to be aborted. If both these modifiers are set for the same callout number, callout_error takes precedence. @@ -1844,7 +1892,7 @@ CALLOUTS function. Inserting callouts can be helpful when using pcre2test to check compli- - cated regular expressions. For further information about callouts, see + cated regular expressions. For further information about callouts, see the pcre2callout documentation. @@ -1863,9 +1911,9 @@ NON-PRINTING CHARACTERS SAVING AND RESTORING COMPILED PATTERNS - It is possible to save compiled patterns on disc or elsewhere, and - reload them later, subject to a number of restrictions. JIT data cannot - be saved. The host on which the patterns are reloaded must be running + It is possible to save compiled patterns on disc or elsewhere, and re- + load them later, subject to a number of restrictions. JIT data cannot + be saved. The host on which the patterns are reloaded must be running the same version of PCRE2, with the same code unit width, and must also have the same endianness, pointer width and PCRE2_SIZE type. Before compiled patterns can be saved they must be serialized, that is, con- @@ -1887,9 +1935,9 @@ SAVING AND RESTORING COMPILED PATTERNS piled, it is pushed onto a stack of compiled patterns, and pcre2test expects the next line to contain a new pattern (or command) instead of a subject line. By contrast, the pushcopy modifier causes a copy of the - compiled pattern to be stacked, leaving the original available for im- - mediate matching. By using push and/or pushcopy, a number of patterns - can be compiled and retained. These modifiers are incompatible with + compiled pattern to be stacked, leaving the original available for im- + mediate matching. By using push and/or pushcopy, a number of patterns + can be compiled and retained. These modifiers are incompatible with posix, and control modifiers that act at match time are ignored (with a message) for the stacked patterns. The jitverify modifier applies only at compile time. @@ -1899,21 +1947,21 @@ SAVING AND RESTORING COMPILED PATTERNS #save causes all the stacked patterns to be serialized and the result written - to the named file. Afterwards, all the stacked patterns are freed. The + to the named file. Afterwards, all the stacked patterns are freed. The command #load - reads the data in the file, and then arranges for it to be de-serial- - ized, with the resulting compiled patterns added to the pattern stack. - The pattern on the top of the stack can be retrieved by the #pop com- - mand, which must be followed by lines of subjects that are to be - matched with the pattern, terminated as usual by an empty line or end - of file. This command may be followed by a modifier list containing - only control modifiers that act after a pattern has been compiled. In - particular, hex, posix, posix_nosub, push, and pushcopy are not al- - lowed, nor are any option-setting modifiers. The JIT modifiers are, - however permitted. Here is an example that saves and reloads two pat- + reads the data in the file, and then arranges for it to be de-serial- + ized, with the resulting compiled patterns added to the pattern stack. + The pattern on the top of the stack can be retrieved by the #pop com- + mand, which must be followed by lines of subjects that are to be + matched with the pattern, terminated as usual by an empty line or end + of file. This command may be followed by a modifier list containing + only control modifiers that act after a pattern has been compiled. In + particular, hex, posix, posix_nosub, push, and pushcopy are not al- + lowed, nor are any option-setting modifiers. The JIT modifiers are, + however permitted. Here is an example that saves and reloads two pat- terns. /abc/push @@ -1926,10 +1974,10 @@ SAVING AND RESTORING COMPILED PATTERNS #pop jit,bincode abc - If jitverify is used with #pop, it does not automatically imply jit, + If jitverify is used with #pop, it does not automatically imply jit, which is different behaviour from when it is used on a pattern. - The #popcopy command is analagous to the pushcopy modifier in that it + The #popcopy command is analogous to the pushcopy modifier in that it makes current a copy of the topmost stack pattern, leaving the original still on the stack. @@ -1949,5 +1997,8 @@ AUTHOR REVISION - Last updated: 12 January 2022 - Copyright (c) 1997-2022 University of Cambridge. + Last updated: 11 August 2023 + Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. + + +PCRE 10.43 11 August PCRE2TEST(1) diff --git a/pcre2/doc/pcre2unicode.3 b/pcre2/doc/pcre2unicode.3 index e7e37a3..eb613f4 100644 --- a/pcre2/doc/pcre2unicode.3 +++ b/pcre2/doc/pcre2unicode.3 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH PCRE2UNICODE 3 "22 December 2021" "PCRE2 10.40" +.TH PCRE2UNICODE 3 "04 February 2023" "PCRE2 10.43" .SH NAME PCRE - Perl-compatible regular expressions (revised API) .SH "UNICODE AND UTF SUPPORT" @@ -42,9 +42,11 @@ When PCRE2 is built with Unicode support, the escape sequences \ep{..}, \eP{..}, and \eX can be used. This is not dependent on the PCRE2_UTF setting. The Unicode properties that can be tested are a subset of those that Perl supports. Currently they are limited to the general category properties such as -Lu for an upper case letter or Nd for a decimal number, the Unicode script -names such as Arabic or Han, Bidi_Class, Bidi_Control, and the derived -properties Any and LC (synonym L&). Full lists are given in the +Lu for an upper case letter or Nd for a decimal number, the derived properties +Any and LC (synonym L&), the Unicode script names such as Arabic or Han, +Bidi_Class, Bidi_Control, and a few binary properties. +.P +The full lists are given in the .\" HREF \fBpcre2pattern\fP .\" @@ -107,8 +109,8 @@ and \eB, because they are defined in terms of \ew and \eW. If you want to test for a wider sense of, say, "digit", you can use explicit Unicode property tests such as \ep{Nd}. Alternatively, if you set the PCRE2_UCP option, the way that the character escapes work is changed so that Unicode properties -are used to determine which characters match. There are more details in the -section on +are used to determine which characters match, though there are some options +that suppress this for individual escapes. For details see the section on .\" HTML .\" generic character types @@ -119,12 +121,13 @@ in the .\" documentation. .P -Similarly, characters that match the POSIX named character classes are all -low-valued characters, unless the PCRE2_UCP option is set. +Like the escapes, characters that match the POSIX named character classes are +all low-valued characters unless the PCRE2_UCP option is set, but there is an +option to override this. .P -However, the special horizontal and vertical white space matching escapes (\eh, -\eH, \ev, and \eV) do match all the appropriate Unicode characters, whether or -not PCRE2_UCP is set. +In contrast to the character escapes and character classes, the special +horizontal and vertical white space escapes (\eh, \eH, \ev, and \eV) do match +all the appropriate Unicode characters, whether or not PCRE2_UCP is set. . . .SH "UNICODE CASE-EQUIVALENCE" @@ -137,6 +140,13 @@ lookup is used for speed. A few Unicode characters such as Greek sigma have more than two code points that are case-equivalent, and these are treated specially. Setting PCRE2_UCP without PCRE2_UTF allows Unicode-style case processing for non-UTF character encodings such as UCS-2. +.P +There are two ASCII characters (S and K) that, in addition to their ASCII lower +case equivalents, have a non-ASCII one as well (long S and Kelvin sign). +Recognition of these non-ASCII characters as case-equivalent to their ASCII +counterparts can be disabled by setting the PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT +option. When this is set, all characters in a case equivalence must either be +ASCII or non-ASCII; there can be no mixing. . . .\" HTML @@ -409,6 +419,13 @@ not by \fBpcre2_dfa_match()\fP. When PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF is set, it forces PCRE2_UTF to be set as well. Note, however, that the pattern itself must be a valid UTF string. .P +If you do not set PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF when calling \fBpcre2_compile\fP, and +you are not certain that your subject strings are valid UTF sequences, you +should not make use of the JIT "fast path" function \fBpcre2_jit_match()\fP +because it bypasses sanity checks, including the one for UTF validity. An +invalid string may cause undefined behaviour, including looping, crashing, or +giving the wrong answer. +.P Setting PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF does not affect what \fBpcre2_compile()\fP generates, but if \fBpcre2_jit_compile()\fP is subsequently called, it does generate different code. If JIT is not used, the option affects the behaviour @@ -442,6 +459,11 @@ would match an instance of WORD that is surrounded by invalid UTF code units. Using PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF, an application can run matches on arbitrary data, knowing that any matched strings that are returned are valid UTF. This can be useful when searching for UTF text in executable or other binary files. +.P +Note, however, that the 16-bit and 32-bit PCRE2 libraries process strings as +sequences of uint16_t or uint32_t code points. They cannot find valid UTF +sequences within an arbitrary string of bytes unless such sequences are +suitably aligned. . . .SH AUTHOR @@ -458,6 +480,6 @@ Cambridge, England. .rs .sp .nf -Last updated: 22 December 2021 -Copyright (c) 1997-2021 University of Cambridge. +Last updated: 12 October 2023 +Copyright (c) 1997-2023 University of Cambridge. .fi diff --git a/pcre2/index.md b/pcre2/index.md index 7295ded..d3fff17 100644 --- a/pcre2/index.md +++ b/pcre2/index.md @@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ flexible API, the code of PCRE2 has been much improved since the fork. ## Download As well as downloading from the -[GitHub site](https://github.com/PhilipHazel/pcre2), you can download PCRE2 +[GitHub site](https://github.com/PCRE2Project/pcre2), you can download PCRE2 or the older, unmaintained PCRE1 library from an [*unofficial* mirror](https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/) at SourceForge. You can check out the PCRE2 source code via Git or Subversion: - git clone https://github.com/PhilipHazel/pcre2.git - svn co https://github.com/PhilipHazel/pcre2.git + git clone https://github.com/PCRE2Project/pcre2.git + svn co https://github.com/PCRE2Project/pcre2.git ## Contributed Ports @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ default character encoding, can be found at ## Documentation You can read the PCRE2 documentation -[here](https://philiphazel.github.io/pcre2/doc/html/index.html). +[here](https://PCRE2Project.github.io/pcre2/doc/html/index.html). Comparisons to Perl's regular expression semantics can be found in the community authored Wikipedia entry for PCRE. diff --git a/pcre2/libpcre2-posix.pc.in b/pcre2/libpcre2-posix.pc.in index 758c306..2f1e8f1 100644 --- a/pcre2/libpcre2-posix.pc.in +++ b/pcre2/libpcre2-posix.pc.in @@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ Name: libpcre2-posix Description: Posix compatible interface to libpcre2-8 Version: @PACKAGE_VERSION@ Libs: -L${libdir} -lpcre2-posix@LIB_POSTFIX@ -Cflags: -I${includedir} @PCRE2_STATIC_CFLAG@ +Cflags: -I${includedir} @PCRE2POSIX_CFLAG@ Requires.private: libpcre2-8 diff --git a/pcre2/m4/pcre2_visibility.m4 b/pcre2/m4/pcre2_visibility.m4 index 480f2ee..ae00de0 100644 --- a/pcre2/m4/pcre2_visibility.m4 +++ b/pcre2/m4/pcre2_visibility.m4 @@ -73,10 +73,9 @@ AC_DEFUN([PCRE2_VISIBILITY], VISIBILITY_CFLAGS="-fvisibility=hidden" VISIBILITY_CXXFLAGS="-fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden" HAVE_VISIBILITY=1 - AC_DEFINE(PCRE2_EXP_DECL, [extern __attribute__ ((visibility ("default")))], [to make a symbol visible]) - AC_DEFINE(PCRE2_EXP_DEFN, [__attribute__ ((visibility ("default")))], [to make a symbol visible]) - AC_DEFINE(PCRE2POSIX_EXP_DECL, [extern __attribute__ ((visibility ("default")))], [to make a symbol visible]) - AC_DEFINE(PCRE2POSIX_EXP_DEFN, [extern __attribute__ ((visibility ("default")))], [to make a symbol visible]) + AC_DEFINE(PCRE2_EXPORT, [__attribute__ ((visibility ("default")))], [to make a symbol visible]) + else + AC_DEFINE(PCRE2_EXPORT, [], [to make a symbol visible]) fi fi AC_SUBST([VISIBILITY_CFLAGS]) diff --git a/pcre2/maint/GenerateCommon.py b/pcre2/maint/GenerateCommon.py index 03f9ac5..b1e61ba 100644 --- a/pcre2/maint/GenerateCommon.py +++ b/pcre2/maint/GenerateCommon.py @@ -16,32 +16,32 @@ import re # DATA LISTS # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# BIDI classes in the DerivedBidiClass.txt file, with comments. +# BIDI classes in the DerivedBidiClass.txt file, short and long identifiers. bidi_classes = [ - 'AL', 'Arabic letter', - 'AN', 'Arabic number', - 'B', 'Paragraph separator', - 'BN', 'Boundary neutral', - 'CS', 'Common separator', - 'EN', 'European number', - 'ES', 'European separator', - 'ET', 'European terminator', - 'FSI', 'First strong isolate', - 'L', 'Left to right', - 'LRE', 'Left to right embedding', - 'LRI', 'Left to right isolate', - 'LRO', 'Left to right override', - 'NSM', 'Non-spacing mark', - 'ON', 'Other neutral', - 'PDF', 'Pop directional format', - 'PDI', 'Pop directional isolate', - 'R', 'Right to left', - 'RLE', 'Right to left embedding', - 'RLI', 'Right to left isolate', - 'RLO', 'Right to left override', - 'S', 'Segment separator', - 'WS', 'White space' + 'AL', 'Arabic_Letter', + 'AN', 'Arabic_Number', + 'B', 'Paragraph_Separator', + 'BN', 'Boundary_Neutral', + 'CS', 'Common_Separator', + 'EN', 'European_Number', + 'ES', 'European_Separator', + 'ET', 'European_Terminator', + 'FSI', 'First_Strong_Isolate', + 'L', 'Left_To_Right', + 'LRE', 'Left_To_Right_Embedding', + 'LRI', 'Left_To_Right_Isolate', + 'LRO', 'Left_To_Right_Override', + 'NSM', 'Nonspacing_Mark', + 'ON', 'Other_Neutral', + 'PDF', 'Pop_Directional_Format', + 'PDI', 'Pop_Directional_Isolate', + 'R', 'Right_To_Left', + 'RLE', 'Right_To_Left_Embedding', + 'RLI', 'Right_To_Left_Isolate', + 'RLO', 'Right_To_Left_Override', + 'S', 'Segment_Separator', + 'WS', 'White_Space' ] # Particular category property names, with comments. NOTE: If ever this list @@ -139,7 +139,8 @@ def getbpropslist(): if re.match(pat, bplast) != None: break else: - bplist.append(bplast) + if bplast not in bplist: + bplist.append(bplast) file.close() @@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ def collect_property_names(): if match_obj == None: continue - if match_obj.group(2) in bool_properties: + if match_obj.group(2) != match_obj.group(1) and match_obj.group(2) in bool_properties: if match_obj.group(3) == None: abbreviations[match_obj.group(2)] = (match_obj.group(1),) else: @@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ def open_output(default): try: file = open(output_name, "w") except IOError: - print ("** Couldn't open %s" % output_name) + print("** Couldn't open %s" % output_name) sys.exit(1) script_name = sys.argv[0] diff --git a/pcre2/maint/GenerateTest26.py b/pcre2/maint/GenerateTest26.py index 2afdf25..64d5720 100644 --- a/pcre2/maint/GenerateTest26.py +++ b/pcre2/maint/GenerateTest26.py @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ try: input_file = open(output_directory + "testinput26", "w") output_file = open(output_directory + "testoutput26", "w") except IOError: - print ("** Couldn't open output files") + print("** Couldn't open output files") sys.exit(1) write_both("# These tests are generated by maint/GenerateTest26.py, do not edit.\n\n") diff --git a/pcre2/maint/GenerateUcd.py b/pcre2/maint/GenerateUcd.py index 6081800..1bde718 100644 --- a/pcre2/maint/GenerateUcd.py +++ b/pcre2/maint/GenerateUcd.py @@ -109,6 +109,8 @@ # 10-January-2022: Addition of general Boolean property support # 12-January-2022: Merge scriptx and bidiclass fields # 14-January-2022: Enlarge Boolean property offset to 12 bits +# 28-January-2023: Remove ASCII "other case" from non-ASCII character that +# are present in caseless sets. # # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # @@ -269,19 +271,27 @@ NOTACHAR = 0xffffffff # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Parse a line of Scripts.txt, GraphemeBreakProperty.txt, DerivedBidiClass.txt -# or DerivedGeneralCategory.txt +# Parse a line of Scripts.txt, GraphemeBreakProperty.txt or DerivedGeneralCategory.txt def make_get_names(enum): return lambda chardata: enum.index(chardata[1]) +# Parse a line of DerivedBidiClass.txt + +def get_bidi(chardata): + if len(chardata[1]) > 3: + return bidi_classes_long.index(chardata[1]) + else: + return bidi_classes_short.index(chardata[1]) + + # Parse a line of CaseFolding.txt def get_other_case(chardata): if chardata[1] == 'C' or chardata[1] == 'S': return int(chardata[2], 16) - int(chardata[0], 16) - return 0 + return None # Parse a line of ScriptExtensions.txt @@ -316,11 +326,16 @@ def read_table(file_name, get_value, default_value): table = [default_value] * MAX_UNICODE for line in file: + if file_base == 'DerivedBidiClass': + line = re.sub(r'# @missing: ', '', line) + line = re.sub(r'#.*', '', line) chardata = list(map(str.strip, line.split(';'))) if len(chardata) <= 1: continue value = get_value(chardata) + if value is None: + continue m = re.match(r'([0-9a-fA-F]+)(\.\.([0-9a-fA-F]+))?$', chardata[0]) char = int(m.group(1), 16) if m.group(3) is None: @@ -328,11 +343,8 @@ def read_table(file_name, get_value, default_value): else: last = int(m.group(3), 16) for i in range(char, last + 1): - # It is important not to overwrite a previously set value because in the - # CaseFolding file there are lines to be ignored (returning the default - # value of 0) which often come after a line which has already set data. - if table[i] == default_value: - table[i] = value + table[i] = value + file.close() return table @@ -506,7 +518,8 @@ unicode_version = "" # strings for use by GenerateUcpHeader. The comments are not wanted here, so # remove them. -bidi_classes = bidi_classes[::2] +bidi_classes_short = bidi_classes[::2] +bidi_classes_long = bidi_classes[1::2] break_properties = break_properties[::2] category_names = category_names[::2] @@ -516,7 +529,7 @@ script = read_table('Unicode.tables/Scripts.txt', make_get_names(script_names), category = read_table('Unicode.tables/DerivedGeneralCategory.txt', make_get_names(category_names), category_names.index('Cn')) break_props = read_table('Unicode.tables/GraphemeBreakProperty.txt', make_get_names(break_properties), break_properties.index('Other')) other_case = read_table('Unicode.tables/CaseFolding.txt', get_other_case, 0) -bidi_class = read_table('Unicode.tables/DerivedBidiClass.txt', make_get_names(bidi_classes), bidi_classes.index('L')) +bidi_class = read_table('Unicode.tables/DerivedBidiClass.txt', get_bidi, bidi_classes_short.index('L')) # The grapheme breaking rules were changed for Unicode 11.0.0 (June 2018). Now # we need to find the Extended_Pictographic property for emoji characters. This @@ -710,6 +723,16 @@ for s in caseless_sets: # End of block of code for creating offsets for caseless matching sets. +# Scan the caseless sets, and for any non-ASCII character that has an ASCII +# character as its "base" other case, remove the other case. This makes it +# easier to handle those characters when the PCRE2 option for not mixing ASCII +# and non-ASCII is enabled. In principle one should perhaps scan for a +# non-ASCII alternative, but in practice these don't exist. + +for s in caseless_sets: + for x in s: + if x > 127 and x + other_case[x] < 128: + other_case[x] = 0 # Combine all the tables @@ -728,7 +751,7 @@ for block_size in [2 ** i for i in range(5,10)]: size = len(records) * record_size stage1, stage2 = compress_table(table, block_size) size += get_tables_size(stage1, stage2) - #print "/* block size %5d => %5d bytes */" % (block_size, size) + #print("/* block size {:3d} => {:5d} bytes */".format(block_size, size)) if size < min_size: min_size = size min_stage1, min_stage2 = stage1, stage2 diff --git a/pcre2/maint/GenerateUcpTables.py b/pcre2/maint/GenerateUcpTables.py index 528ff91..db79bc5 100644 --- a/pcre2/maint/GenerateUcpTables.py +++ b/pcre2/maint/GenerateUcpTables.py @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ utt_table += list(zip(std_bidi_class_names, bidi_class_names, ['PT_BIDICL'] * le for name in bool_properties: utt_table.append((stdname(name), name, 'PT_BOOL')) - if name in abbreviations: + if name in abbreviations: for abbrev in abbreviations[name]: utt_table.append((stdname(abbrev), name, 'PT_BOOL')) diff --git a/pcre2/maint/ManyConfigTests b/pcre2/maint/ManyConfigTests index d82613f..3006a27 100644 --- a/pcre2/maint/ManyConfigTests +++ b/pcre2/maint/ManyConfigTests @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ #! /bin/sh -# This is a script for the use of PCRE2 maintainers. It configures and rebuilds +# This is a script for the use of PCRE2 maintainers. It configures and builds # PCRE2 with a variety of configuration options, and in each case runs the # tests to ensure that all goes well. Every possible combination would take far # too long, so we use a representative sample. This script should be run in the @@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ # -nojitvalgrind skip JIT tests with valgrind # -nomain skip all the main (non-JIT) set of tests # -nomainvalgrind skip the main (non-JIT) valgrind tests -# -notmp skip the test in a temporary directory +# -notmp skip the tests in a temporary directory +# -notmpjit skip the JIT test in a temporary directory # -novalgrind skip all the valgrind tests # Alternatively, if any of those names are given with '+' instead of '-no', @@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ usejitvalgrind=1 usemain=1 usemainvalgrind=1 usetmp=1 +usetmpjit=1 usevalgrind=1 dummy=0 @@ -53,6 +55,8 @@ while [ $# -gt 0 ] ; do usemain=0 usemainvalgrind=0 usetmp=0 + usetmpjit=0 + usevalgrind=0 seenplus=1 fi;; esac @@ -63,22 +67,24 @@ while [ $# -gt 0 ] ; do -noasan) useasan=0;; -nousan) useusan=0;; -nodebug) usedebug=0;; - -nojit) usejit=0; usejitvalgrind=0;; + -nojit) usejit=0; usejitvalgrind=0; usetmpjit=0;; -nojitmain) usejit=0;; -nojitvalgrind) usejitvalgrind=0;; -nomain) usemain=0; usemainvalgrind=0;; -nomainvalgrind) usemainvalgrind=0;; - -notmp) usetmp=0;; + -notmp) usetmp=0; usetmpjit=0;; + -notmpjit) usetmpjit=0;; -novalgrind) usevalgrind=0;; +asan) useasan=1;; +usan) useusan=1;; +debug) usedebug=1;; - +jit) usejit=1; usejitvalgrind=1;; + +jit) usejit=1; usejitvalgrind=1; usetmpjit=1;; +jitmain) usejit=1;; +jitvalgrind) usejitvalgrind=1;; +main) usemain=1; usemainvalgrind=1;; +mainvalgrind) usemainvalgrind=1;; +tmp) usetmp=1;; + +tmpjit) usetmpjit=1;; +valgrind) usevalgrind=1; usejitvalgrind=1; usemainvalgrind=1;; *) echo "Unknown option '$1'"; exit 1;; esac @@ -124,9 +130,11 @@ if [ $? -eq 0 ] && grep GCC /tmp/pcre2ccversion >/dev/null; then CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wnested-externs" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -pedantic" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wuninitialized" - CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wmaybe-uninitialized" + CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wmaybe-uninitialized" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wmissing-prototypes" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wstrict-prototypes" + CFKAGS="$CFLAGS -Warray-bounds" + CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wformat-overflow=2" fi rm -f /tmp/pcre2ccversion @@ -137,7 +145,7 @@ rm -f /tmp/pcre2ccversion runtest() { - rm -f $srcdir/pcre2test $srcdir/pcre2grep $srcdir/pcre2_jit_test + rm -f $srcdir/pcre2test $srcdir/pcre2grep $srcdir/pcre2_jit_test $srcdir/pcre2posix_test testcount=`expr $testcount + 1` if [ "$opts" = "" ] ; then @@ -218,13 +226,21 @@ runtest() cat teststdoutM exit 1 fi + echo "Running pcre2posix test $withvalgrind" + $valgrind ./pcre2posix_test >teststdoutM 2>teststderrM + + if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then + echo " " + echo "**** Test failed ****" + exit 1 + fi else - echo "Skipping pcre2grep tests: 8-bit library not compiled" + echo "Skipping pcre2grep and pcre2posix tests: 8-bit library not compiled" fi if [ "$jit" -gt 0 ]; then echo "Running JIT regression tests $withvalgrind" - $jrvalgrind $srcdir/pcre2_jit_test >teststdoutM 2>teststderrM + $jrvalgrind ./pcre2_jit_test >teststdoutM 2>teststderrM if [ $? -ne 0 -o -s teststderrM ]; then echo " " echo "**** Test failed ****" @@ -242,7 +258,7 @@ runtest() testtotal=`expr 17 \* $usemain + \ 1 \* $usemain \* $usedebug + \ - 1 \* $usetmp + \ + 1 \* $usetmp + 1 \* $usetmpjit + \ 1 \* $ISGCC \* $usemain + \ 1 \* $ISGCC \* $usemain \* $useasan + \ 1 \* $ISGCC \* $usemain \* $useusan + \ @@ -293,7 +309,7 @@ if [ $ISGCC -ne 0 -a $usemain -ne 0 ]; then opts="--disable-shared $enable_jit --enable-pcre2-16 --enable-pcre2-32" runtest fi -# This also seems to be the case for sanitize undefined. +# This also seems to be the case for sanitize undefined. if [ $useusan -ne 0 ]; then echo "------- Maximally configured test with -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=shift -fno-sanitize=alignment -std=gnu99 -------" CFLAGS="$OFLAGS $SAVECFLAGS -no-pie -fno-PIE -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=shift -fno-sanitize=alignment -std=gnu99" @@ -301,7 +317,7 @@ if [ $ISGCC -ne 0 -a $usemain -ne 0 ]; then opts="--disable-shared $enable_jit --enable-pcre2-16 --enable-pcre2-32" runtest fi - CFLAGS="$OFLAGS $SAVECFLAGS" + CFLAGS="$SAVECFLAGS" fi # This set of tests builds PCRE2 and runs the tests with a variety of configure @@ -312,6 +328,7 @@ fi # library for the subsequent tests. echo "---------- CFLAGS for the remaining tests ----------" +CFLAGS="$OFLAGS $CFLAGS" echo "CFLAGS=$CFLAGS" if [ $usemain -ne 0 ]; then @@ -386,7 +403,7 @@ if [ $usevalgrind -ne 0 ]; then fi if [ $usejitvalgrind -ne 0 ]; then - jrvalgrind="valgrind --tool=memcheck -q --smc-check=all-non-file --suppressions=$srcdir/testdata/valgrind-jit.supp" + jrvalgrind="valgrind --tool=memcheck -q --smc-check=all-non-file --suppressions=$srcdir/testdata/valgrind-jit.supp" for opts in \ "--enable-jit --disable-shared" \ "--enable-jit --enable-pcre2-16 --enable-pcre2-32" @@ -418,8 +435,7 @@ echo "---------- End of tests in the source directory ----------" echo "Removing teststdoutM and teststderrM" rm -rf teststdoutM teststderrM -if [ $usetmp -ne 0 ]; then - echo "---------- Tests in the $tmp directory ----------" +if [ $usetmp -ne 0 -o $usetmpjit -ne 0 ]; then srcdir=`pwd` export srcdir @@ -438,11 +454,23 @@ if [ $usetmp -ne 0 ]; then exit 1 fi - for opts in \ - "--disable-shared" - do - runtest - done + if [ $usetmp -ne 0 ]; then + echo "---------- Tests in the $tmp directory ----------" + for opts in \ + "--disable-shared" + do + runtest + done + fi + + if [ $usetmpjit -ne 0 ]; then + echo "---------- JIT tests in the $tmp directory ----------" + for opts in \ + "--enable-jit --disable-shared" + do + runtest + done + fi echo "Removing $tmp" rm -rf $tmp diff --git a/pcre2/maint/README b/pcre2/maint/README index f21ff87..df4bce1 100644 --- a/pcre2/maint/README +++ b/pcre2/maint/README @@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ utf8.c A short, freestanding C program for converting a Unicode code point into a sequence of bytes in the UTF-8 encoding, and vice versa. If its argument is a hex number such as 0x1234, it outputs a list of the equivalent UTF-8 bytes. - If its argument is a sequence of concatenated UTF-8 bytes (e.g. e188b4) it - treats them as a UTF-8 character and outputs the equivalent code point in - hex. See comments at its head for details. + If its argument is a sequence of concatenated UTF-8 bytes (e.g. 12e188b4) it + treats them as a UTF-8 string and outputs the equivalent code points in hex. + See comments at its head for details. Updating to a new Unicode release @@ -94,8 +94,9 @@ directory. Note: Previously, it was necessary to update lists of scripts and their abbreviations by hand before running the Python scripts. This is no longer necessary because the scripts have been upgraded to extract this information -themselves. Also, there used to be explicit lists of script in two of the man -pages. This is no longer the case. +themselves. Also, there used to be explicit lists of scripts in two of the man +pages. This is no longer the case; the pcre2test program can now output a list +of supported scripts. You can give an output file name as an argument to the following scripts, but by default: @@ -129,8 +130,8 @@ files should eventually be installed in the main testdata directory. Preparing for a PCRE2 release ============================= -This section contains a checklist of things that I consult before building a -distribution for a new release. +This section contains a checklist of things that I do before building a new +release. . Ensure that the version number and version date are correct in configure.ac. @@ -139,32 +140,30 @@ distribution for a new release. . If new build options or new source files have been added, ensure that they are added to the CMake files as well as to the autoconf files. The relevant - files are CMakeLists.txt and config-cmake.h.in. After making a release - tarball, test it out with CMake if there have been changes here. + files are CMakeLists.txt and config-cmake.h.in. After making a release, test + it out with CMake if there have been changes here. . Run ./autogen.sh to ensure everything is up-to-date. . Compile and test with many different config options, and combinations of options. Also, test with valgrind by running "RunTest valgrind" and - "RunGrepTest valgrind" (which takes quite a long time). The script - maint/ManyConfigTests now encapsulates this testing. It runs tests with - different configurations, and it also runs some of them with valgrind, all of - which can take quite some time. + "RunGrepTest valgrind". The script maint/ManyConfigTests now encapsulates + this testing. It runs tests with different configurations, and it also runs + some of them with valgrind, all of which can take quite some time. . Run tests in both 32-bit and 64-bit environments if possible. I can no longer run 32-bit tests. . Run tests with two or more different compilers (e.g. clang and gcc), and make use of -fsanitize=address and friends where possible. For gcc, - -fsanitize=undefined -std=gnu99 picks up undefined behaviour at runtime, but - needs -fno-sanitize=shift to get rid of warnings for shifts of negative - numbers in the JIT compiler. For clang, -fsanitize=address,undefined,integer - can be used but -fno-sanitize=alignment,shift,unsigned-integer-overflow must - be added when compiling with JIT. Another useful clang option is - -fsanitize=signed-integer-overflow + -fsanitize=undefined -std=gnu99 picks up undefined behaviour at runtime. + For clang, -fsanitize=address,undefined,integer can be used but + -fno-sanitize=unsigned-integer-overflow must be added when compiling with JIT. + Another useful clang option is -fsanitize=signed-integer-overflow . Do a test build using CMake. Remove src/config.h first, lest it override the - version that CMake creates. Do NOT use parallel make. + version that CMake creates. Also do a CMake unity build to check that it + still works: [c]cmake -DCMAKE_UNITY_BUILD=ON sets up a unity build. . Run perltest.sh on the test data for tests 1 and 4. The output should match the PCRE2 test output, apart from the version identification at the start of @@ -183,11 +182,12 @@ distribution for a new release. systems. For example, on Solaris it is helpful to test using Sun's cc compiler as a change from gcc. Adding -xarch=v9 to the cc options does a 64-bit test, but it also needs -S 64 for pcre2test to increase the stack size - for test 2. Since I retired I can no longer do much of this, but instead I - rely on putting out release candidates for testing by the community. + for test 2. Since I retired I can no longer do much of this. There are + automated tests under Ubuntu, Alpine, and Windows that are now set up as + GitHub actions. Check that they are running clean. . The buildbots at http://buildfarm.opencsw.org/ do some automated testing - of PCRE2 and should be checked before putting out a release. + of PCRE2 and should also be checked before putting out a release. Updating version info for libtool @@ -243,10 +243,11 @@ it reports them and then aborts. Otherwise it removes trailing spaces from sources and refreshes the HTML documentation. Update the GitHub repository with "git push". -Once PrepareRelease has run clean, run "make distcheck" to create the tarball +Once PrepareRelease has run clean, run "make distcheck" to create the tarballs and the zipball. I then sign these files. Double-check with "git status" that -the repository is fully up-to-date, then create a new tag on GitHub. Upload the -tarball, zipball, and the signatures as "assets" of the GitHub release. +the repository is fully up-to-date, then create a new tag and a release on +GitHub. Upload the tarballs, zipball, and the signatures as "assets" of the +GitHub release. When the new release is out, don't forget to tell webmaster@pcre.org and the mailing list. @@ -365,8 +366,6 @@ years. See Unicode TR 29. The last two are very much aimed at natural language. -. (?[...]) extended classes: big project. - . Allow a callout to specify a number of characters to skip. This can be done compatibly via an extra callout field. @@ -436,13 +435,8 @@ years. with lookarounds for \b and \B. Ideally the setting should last till the end of the group, which means remembering all previous settings; maybe a fixed amount of stack would do - how deep would anyone want to nest these things? - See GitHub issue #13 for a compendium of character class issues. - -. Recognize the short script names. They are already listed in maint/ - Multistage2.py because they are needed for scanning the script extensions - file. - -. Use script extensions for \p? + See GitHub issue #13 for a compendium of character class issues, including + (?[...]) extended classes. . A user suggested something like --with-build-info to set a build information string that could be retrieved by pcre2_config(). However, there's no @@ -454,11 +448,12 @@ years. gigabyte memory, but perhaps another implementation might be considered. Needs coordination between the interpreters and JIT. -. There are regular requests for variable-length lookbehinds. +. There are regular requests for variable-length lookbehinds. An implementation + exists but is missing JIT support. . See also any suggestions in the GitHub issues. Philip Hazel Email local part: Philip.Hazel Email domain: gmail.com -Last updated: 10 January 2022 +Last updated: 30 September 2023 diff --git a/pcre2/maint/Unicode.tables/BidiMirroring.txt b/pcre2/maint/Unicode.tables/BidiMirroring.txt index bd8e2c5..5861d6e 100644 --- a/pcre2/maint/Unicode.tables/BidiMirroring.txt +++ b/pcre2/maint/Unicode.tables/BidiMirroring.txt @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# BidiMirroring-14.0.0.txt -# Date: 2021-08-08, 22:55:00 GMT [KW, RP] -# © 2021 Unicode®, Inc. +# BidiMirroring-15.0.0.txt +# Date: 2022-05-03, 18:47:00 GMT [KW, RP] +# © 2022 Unicode®, Inc. # For terms of use, see https://www.unicode.org/terms_of_use.html # # Unicode Character Database @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ # value, for which there is another Unicode character that typically has a glyph # that is the mirror image of the original character's glyph. # -# The repertoire covered by the file is Unicode 14.0.0. +# The repertoire covered by the file is Unicode 15.0.0. # # The file contains a list of lines with mappings from one code point # to another one for character-based mirroring. diff --git a/pcre2/maint/Unicode.tables/CaseFolding.txt b/pcre2/maint/Unicode.tables/CaseFolding.txt index 932ace2..65aa0fc 100644 --- a/pcre2/maint/Unicode.tables/CaseFolding.txt +++ b/pcre2/maint/Unicode.tables/CaseFolding.txt @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -# CaseFolding-14.0.0.txt -# Date: 2021-03-08, 19:35:41 GMT -# © 2021 Unicode®, Inc. +# CaseFolding-15.0.0.txt +# Date: 2022-02-02, 23:35:35 GMT +# © 2022 Unicode®, Inc. # Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. -# For terms of use, see http://www.unicode.org/terms_of_use.html +# For terms of use, see https://www.unicode.org/terms_of_use.html # # Unicode Character Database -# For documentation, see http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/ +# For documentation, see https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/ # # Case Folding Properties # diff --git a/pcre2/maint/Unicode.tables/DerivedBidiClass.txt b/pcre2/maint/Unicode.tables/DerivedBidiClass.txt index 4012dc2..55b30a6 100644 --- a/pcre2/maint/Unicode.tables/DerivedBidiClass.txt +++ b/pcre2/maint/Unicode.tables/DerivedBidiClass.txt @@ -1,36 +1,19 @@ -# DerivedBidiClass-14.0.0.txt -# Date: 2021-07-10, 00:35:02 GMT -# © 2021 Unicode®, Inc. +# DerivedBidiClass-15.0.0.txt +# Date: 2022-08-05, 17:39:24 GMT +# © 2022 Unicode®, Inc. # Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. -# For terms of use, see http://www.unicode.org/terms_of_use.html +# For terms of use, see https://www.unicode.org/terms_of_use.html # # Unicode Character Database -# For documentation, see http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/ +# For documentation, see https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/ # ================================================ # Bidi Class (listing UnicodeData.txt, field 4: see UAX #44: https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/) # Unlike other properties, unassigned code points in blocks -# reserved for right-to-left scripts are given either types R or AL. -# -# The unassigned code points that default to AL are in the ranges: -# [\u0600-\u07BF \u0860-\u08FF \uFB50-\uFDCF \uFDF0-\uFDFF \uFE70-\uFEFF -# \U00010D00-\U00010D3F \U00010F30-\U00010F6F -# \U0001EC70-\U0001ECBF \U0001ED00-\U0001ED4F \U0001EE00-\U0001EEFF] -# -# This includes code points in the Arabic, Syriac, and Thaana blocks, among others. -# -# The unassigned code points that default to R are in the ranges: -# [\u0590-\u05FF \u07C0-\u085F \uFB1D-\uFB4F -# \U00010800-\U00010CFF \U00010D40-\U00010F2F \U00010F70-\U00010FFF -# \U0001E800-\U0001EC6F \U0001ECC0-\U0001ECFF \U0001ED50-\U0001EDFF \U0001EF00-\U0001EFFF] -# -# This includes code points in the Hebrew, NKo, and Phoenician blocks, among others. -# -# The unassigned code points that default to ET are in the range: -# [\u20A0-\u20CF] -# -# This consists of code points in the Currency Symbols block. +# reserved for right-to-left scripts are given either values R or AL, +# and unassigned code points in the Currency Symbols block are given the value ET. +# For details see the @missing lines below. # # The unassigned code points that default to BN have one of the following properties: # Default_Ignorable_Code_Point @@ -43,6 +26,101 @@ # @missing: 0000..10FFFF; Left_To_Right +# 0590..05FF Hebrew +# @missing: 0590..05FF; Right_To_Left + +# 0600..06FF Arabic +# 0700..074F Syriac +# 0750..077F Arabic_Supplement +# 0780..07BF Thaana +# @missing: 0600..07BF; Arabic_Letter + +# 07C0..07FF NKo +# 0800..083F Samaritan +# 0840..085F Mandaic +# @missing: 07C0..085F; Right_To_Left + +# 0860..086F Syriac_Supplement +# 0870..089F Arabic_Extended_B +# 08A0..08FF Arabic_Extended_A +# @missing: 0860..08FF; Arabic_Letter + +# 20A0..20CF Currency_Symbols +# @missing: 20A0..20CF; European_Terminator + +# FB00..FB4F Alphabetic_Presentation_Forms (partial) +# @missing: FB1D..FB4F; Right_To_Left + +# FB50..FDFF Arabic_Presentation_Forms_A (partial) +# @missing: FB50..FDCF; Arabic_Letter + +# FB50..FDFF Arabic_Presentation_Forms_A (partial) +# @missing: FDF0..FDFF; Arabic_Letter + +# FE70..FEFF Arabic_Presentation_Forms_B +# @missing: FE70..FEFF; Arabic_Letter + +# 10800..1083F Cypriot_Syllabary +# 10840..1085F Imperial_Aramaic +# 10860..1087F Palmyrene +# 10880..108AF Nabataean +# 108E0..108FF Hatran +# 10900..1091F Phoenician +# 10920..1093F Lydian +# 10980..1099F Meroitic_Hieroglyphs +# 109A0..109FF Meroitic_Cursive +# 10A00..10A5F Kharoshthi +# 10A60..10A7F Old_South_Arabian +# 10A80..10A9F Old_North_Arabian +# 10AC0..10AFF Manichaean +# 10B00..10B3F Avestan +# 10B40..10B5F Inscriptional_Parthian +# 10B60..10B7F Inscriptional_Pahlavi +# 10B80..10BAF Psalter_Pahlavi +# 10C00..10C4F Old_Turkic +# 10C80..10CFF Old_Hungarian +# @missing: 10800..10CFF; Right_To_Left + +# 10D00..10D3F Hanifi_Rohingya +# @missing: 10D00..10D3F; Arabic_Letter + +# 10E60..10E7F Rumi_Numeral_Symbols +# 10E80..10EBF Yezidi +# @missing: 10D40..10EBF; Right_To_Left + +# 10EC0..10EFF Arabic_Extended_C +# @missing: 10EC0..10EFF; Arabic_Letter + +# 10F00..10F2F Old_Sogdian +# @missing: 10F00..10F2F; Right_To_Left + +# 10F30..10F6F Sogdian +# @missing: 10F30..10F6F; Arabic_Letter + +# 10F70..10FAF Old_Uyghur +# 10FB0..10FDF Chorasmian +# 10FE0..10FFF Elymaic +# @missing: 10F70..10FFF; Right_To_Left + +# 1E800..1E8DF Mende_Kikakui +# 1E900..1E95F Adlam +# @missing: 1E800..1EC6F; Right_To_Left + +# 1EC70..1ECBF Indic_Siyaq_Numbers +# @missing: 1EC70..1ECBF; Arabic_Letter + +# @missing: 1ECC0..1ECFF; Right_To_Left + +# 1ED00..1ED4F Ottoman_Siyaq_Numbers +# @missing: 1ED00..1ED4F; Arabic_Letter + +# @missing: 1ED50..1EDFF; Right_To_Left + +# 1EE00..1EEFF Arabic_Mathematical_Alphabetic_Symbols +# @missing: 1EE00..1EEFF; Arabic_Letter + +# @missing: 1EF00..1EFFF; Right_To_Left + # ================================================ # Bidi_Class=Left_To_Right @@ -219,6 +297,7 @@ 0CE0..0CE1 ; L # Lo [2] KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC RR..KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC LL 0CE6..0CEF ; L # Nd [10] KANNADA DIGIT ZERO..KANNADA DIGIT NINE 0CF1..0CF2 ; L # Lo [2] KANNADA SIGN JIHVAMULIYA..KANNADA SIGN UPADHMANIYA +0CF3 ; L # Mc KANNADA SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE RIGHT 0D02..0D03 ; L # Mc [2] MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA..MALAYALAM SIGN VISARGA 0D04..0D0C ; L # Lo [9] MALAYALAM LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA..MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC L 0D0E..0D10 ; L # Lo [3] MALAYALAM LETTER E..MALAYALAM LETTER AI @@ -795,6 +874,7 @@ FFDA..FFDC ; L # Lo [3] HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER EU..HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER 11232..11233 ; L # Mc [2] KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN O..KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN AU 11235 ; L # Mc KHOJKI SIGN VIRAMA 11238..1123D ; L # Po [6] KHOJKI DANDA..KHOJKI ABBREVIATION SIGN +1123F..11240 ; L # Lo [2] KHOJKI LETTER QA..KHOJKI LETTER SHORT I 11280..11286 ; L # Lo [7] MULTANI LETTER A..MULTANI LETTER GA 11288 ; L # Lo MULTANI LETTER GHA 1128A..1128D ; L # Lo [4] MULTANI LETTER CA..MULTANI LETTER JJA @@ -910,6 +990,7 @@ FFDA..FFDC ; L # Lo [3] HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER EU..HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER 11A9D ; L # Lo SOYOMBO MARK PLUTA 11A9E..11AA2 ; L # Po [5] SOYOMBO HEAD MARK WITH MOON AND SUN AND TRIPLE FLAME..SOYOMBO TERMINAL MARK-2 11AB0..11AF8 ; L # Lo [73] CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HI..PAU CIN HAU GLOTTAL STOP FINAL +11B00..11B09 ; L # Po [10] DEVANAGARI HEAD MARK..DEVANAGARI SIGN MINDU 11C00..11C08 ; L # Lo [9] BHAIKSUKI LETTER A..BHAIKSUKI LETTER VOCALIC L 11C0A..11C2E ; L # Lo [37] BHAIKSUKI LETTER E..BHAIKSUKI LETTER HA 11C2F ; L # Mc BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN AA @@ -940,6 +1021,15 @@ FFDA..FFDC ; L # Lo [3] HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER EU..HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER 11EE0..11EF2 ; L # Lo [19] MAKASAR LETTER KA..MAKASAR ANGKA 11EF5..11EF6 ; L # Mc [2] MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN E..MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN O 11EF7..11EF8 ; L # Po [2] MAKASAR PASSIMBANG..MAKASAR END OF SECTION +11F02 ; L # Lo KAWI SIGN REPHA +11F03 ; L # Mc KAWI SIGN VISARGA +11F04..11F10 ; L # Lo [13] KAWI LETTER A..KAWI LETTER O +11F12..11F33 ; L # Lo [34] KAWI LETTER KA..KAWI LETTER JNYA +11F34..11F35 ; L # Mc [2] KAWI VOWEL SIGN AA..KAWI VOWEL SIGN ALTERNATE AA +11F3E..11F3F ; L # Mc [2] KAWI VOWEL SIGN E..KAWI VOWEL SIGN AI +11F41 ; L # Mc KAWI SIGN KILLER +11F43..11F4F ; L # Po [13] KAWI DANDA..KAWI PUNCTUATION CLOSING SPIRAL +11F50..11F59 ; L # Nd [10] KAWI DIGIT ZERO..KAWI DIGIT NINE 11FB0 ; L # Lo LISU LETTER YHA 11FC0..11FD4 ; L # No [21] TAMIL FRACTION ONE THREE-HUNDRED-AND-TWENTIETH..TAMIL FRACTION DOWNSCALING FACTOR KIIZH 11FFF ; L # Po TAMIL PUNCTUATION END OF TEXT @@ -949,8 +1039,9 @@ FFDA..FFDC ; L # Lo [3] HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER EU..HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER 12480..12543 ; L # Lo [196] CUNEIFORM SIGN AB TIMES NUN TENU..CUNEIFORM SIGN ZU5 TIMES THREE DISH TENU 12F90..12FF0 ; L # Lo [97] CYPRO-MINOAN SIGN CM001..CYPRO-MINOAN SIGN CM114 12FF1..12FF2 ; L # Po [2] CYPRO-MINOAN SIGN CM301..CYPRO-MINOAN SIGN CM302 -13000..1342E ; L # Lo [1071] EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH A001..EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA032 -13430..13438 ; L # Cf [9] EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH VERTICAL JOINER..EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH END SEGMENT +13000..1342F ; L # Lo [1072] EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH A001..EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V011D +13430..1343F ; L # Cf [16] EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH VERTICAL JOINER..EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH END WALLED ENCLOSURE +13441..13446 ; L # Lo [6] EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH FULL BLANK..EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH WIDE LOST SIGN 14400..14646 ; L # Lo [583] ANATOLIAN HIEROGLYPH A001..ANATOLIAN HIEROGLYPH A530 16800..16A38 ; L # Lo [569] BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NGKUE MFON..BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F VUEQ 16A40..16A5E ; L # Lo [31] MRO LETTER TA..MRO LETTER TEK @@ -987,7 +1078,9 @@ FFDA..FFDC ; L # Lo [3] HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER EU..HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER 1AFF5..1AFFB ; L # Lm [7] KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN TONE-7..KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-5 1AFFD..1AFFE ; L # Lm [2] KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-7..KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-8 1B000..1B122 ; L # Lo [291] KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC E..KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC WU +1B132 ; L # Lo HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL KO 1B150..1B152 ; L # Lo [3] HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WI..HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WO +1B155 ; L # Lo KATAKANA LETTER SMALL KO 1B164..1B167 ; L # Lo [4] KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WI..KATAKANA LETTER SMALL N 1B170..1B2FB ; L # Lo [396] NUSHU CHARACTER-1B170..NUSHU CHARACTER-1B2FB 1BC00..1BC6A ; L # Lo [107] DUPLOYAN LETTER H..DUPLOYAN LETTER VOCALIC M @@ -1006,6 +1099,7 @@ FFDA..FFDC ; L # Lo [3] HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER EU..HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER 1D183..1D184 ; L # So [2] MUSICAL SYMBOL ARPEGGIATO UP..MUSICAL SYMBOL ARPEGGIATO DOWN 1D18C..1D1A9 ; L # So [30] MUSICAL SYMBOL RINFORZANDO..MUSICAL SYMBOL DEGREE SLASH 1D1AE..1D1E8 ; L # So [59] MUSICAL SYMBOL PEDAL MARK..MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN FLAT SIGN +1D2C0..1D2D3 ; L # No [20] KAKTOVIK NUMERAL ZERO..KAKTOVIK NUMERAL NINETEEN 1D2E0..1D2F3 ; L # No [20] MAYAN NUMERAL ZERO..MAYAN NUMERAL NINETEEN 1D360..1D378 ; L # No [25] COUNTING ROD UNIT DIGIT ONE..TALLY MARK FIVE 1D400..1D454 ; L # L& [85] MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL A..MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL G @@ -1052,6 +1146,8 @@ FFDA..FFDC ; L # Lo [3] HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER EU..HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER 1DF00..1DF09 ; L # L& [10] LATIN SMALL LETTER FENG DIGRAPH WITH TRILL..LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH HOOK AND RETROFLEX HOOK 1DF0A ; L # Lo LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK WITH RETROFLEX HOOK 1DF0B..1DF1E ; L # L& [20] LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH DOUBLE BAR..LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CURL +1DF25..1DF2A ; L # L& [6] LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH MID-HEIGHT LEFT HOOK..LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH MID-HEIGHT LEFT HOOK +1E030..1E06D ; L # Lm [62] MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL A..MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE 1E100..1E12C ; L # Lo [45] NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER MA..NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER W 1E137..1E13D ; L # Lm [7] NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SIGN FOR PERSON..NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SYLLABLE LENGTHENER 1E140..1E149 ; L # Nd [10] NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT ZERO..NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT NINE @@ -1060,6 +1156,9 @@ FFDA..FFDC ; L # Lo [3] HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER EU..HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER 1E290..1E2AD ; L # Lo [30] TOTO LETTER PA..TOTO LETTER A 1E2C0..1E2EB ; L # Lo [44] WANCHO LETTER AA..WANCHO LETTER YIH 1E2F0..1E2F9 ; L # Nd [10] WANCHO DIGIT ZERO..WANCHO DIGIT NINE +1E4D0..1E4EA ; L # Lo [27] NAG MUNDARI LETTER O..NAG MUNDARI LETTER ELL +1E4EB ; L # Lm NAG MUNDARI SIGN OJOD +1E4F0..1E4F9 ; L # Nd [10] NAG MUNDARI DIGIT ZERO..NAG MUNDARI DIGIT NINE 1E7E0..1E7E6 ; L # Lo [7] ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYA..ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYO 1E7E8..1E7EB ; L # Lo [4] ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE HHWA..ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHWE 1E7ED..1E7EE ; L # Lo [2] ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE MWI..ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE MWEE @@ -1072,188 +1171,124 @@ FFDA..FFDC ; L # Lo [3] HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER EU..HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER 1F240..1F248 ; L # So [9] TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672C..TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6557 1F250..1F251 ; L # So [2] CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH ADVANTAGE..CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH ACCEPT 20000..2A6DF ; L # Lo [42720] CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20000..CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6DF -2A700..2B738 ; L # Lo [4153] CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A700..CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B738 +2A700..2B739 ; L # Lo [4154] CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A700..CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B739 2B740..2B81D ; L # Lo [222] CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B740..CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B81D 2B820..2CEA1 ; L # Lo [5762] CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B820..CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2CEA1 2CEB0..2EBE0 ; L # Lo [7473] CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2CEB0..CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBE0 2F800..2FA1D ; L # Lo [542] CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F800..CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA1D 30000..3134A ; L # Lo [4939] CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-30000..CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3134A +31350..323AF ; L # Lo [4192] CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-31350..CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-323AF F0000..FFFFD ; L # Co [65534] .. 100000..10FFFD; L # Co [65534] .. -# The above property value applies to 825575 code points not listed here. -# Total code points: 1096333 +# The above property value applies to 821089 code points not listed here. +# Total code points: 1096272 # ================================================ # Bidi_Class=Right_To_Left -0590 ; R # Cn 05BE ; R # Pd HEBREW PUNCTUATION MAQAF 05C0 ; R # Po HEBREW PUNCTUATION PASEQ 05C3 ; R # Po HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ 05C6 ; R # Po HEBREW PUNCTUATION NUN HAFUKHA -05C8..05CF ; R # Cn [8] .. 05D0..05EA ; R # Lo [27] HEBREW LETTER ALEF..HEBREW LETTER TAV -05EB..05EE ; R # Cn [4] .. 05EF..05F2 ; R # Lo [4] HEBREW YOD TRIANGLE..HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE YOD 05F3..05F4 ; R # Po [2] HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERESH..HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERSHAYIM -05F5..05FF ; R # Cn [11] .. 07C0..07C9 ; R # Nd [10] NKO DIGIT ZERO..NKO DIGIT NINE 07CA..07EA ; R # Lo [33] NKO LETTER A..NKO LETTER JONA RA 07F4..07F5 ; R # Lm [2] NKO HIGH TONE APOSTROPHE..NKO LOW TONE APOSTROPHE 07FA ; R # Lm NKO LAJANYALAN -07FB..07FC ; R # Cn [2] .. 07FE..07FF ; R # Sc [2] NKO DOROME SIGN..NKO TAMAN SIGN 0800..0815 ; R # Lo [22] SAMARITAN LETTER ALAF..SAMARITAN LETTER TAAF 081A ; R # Lm SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER EPENTHETIC YUT 0824 ; R # Lm SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER SHORT A 0828 ; R # Lm SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER I -082E..082F ; R # Cn [2] .. 0830..083E ; R # Po [15] SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION NEQUDAA..SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ANNAAU -083F ; R # Cn 0840..0858 ; R # Lo [25] MANDAIC LETTER HALQA..MANDAIC LETTER AIN -085C..085D ; R # Cn [2] .. 085E ; R # Po MANDAIC PUNCTUATION -085F ; R # Cn 200F ; R # Cf RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK FB1D ; R # Lo HEBREW LETTER YOD WITH HIRIQ FB1F..FB28 ; R # Lo [10] HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH YOD YOD PATAH..HEBREW LETTER WIDE TAV FB2A..FB36 ; R # Lo [13] HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH SHIN DOT..HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN WITH DAGESH -FB37 ; R # Cn FB38..FB3C ; R # Lo [5] HEBREW LETTER TET WITH DAGESH..HEBREW LETTER LAMED WITH DAGESH -FB3D ; R # Cn FB3E ; R # Lo HEBREW LETTER MEM WITH DAGESH -FB3F ; R # Cn FB40..FB41 ; R # Lo [2] HEBREW LETTER NUN WITH DAGESH..HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH WITH DAGESH -FB42 ; R # Cn FB43..FB44 ; R # Lo [2] HEBREW LETTER FINAL PE WITH DAGESH..HEBREW LETTER PE WITH DAGESH -FB45 ; R # Cn FB46..FB4F ; R # Lo [10] HEBREW LETTER TSADI WITH DAGESH..HEBREW LIGATURE ALEF LAMED 10800..10805 ; R # Lo [6] CYPRIOT SYLLABLE A..CYPRIOT SYLLABLE JA -10806..10807 ; R # Cn [2] .. 10808 ; R # Lo CYPRIOT SYLLABLE JO -10809 ; R # Cn 1080A..10835 ; R # Lo [44] CYPRIOT SYLLABLE KA..CYPRIOT SYLLABLE WO -10836 ; R # Cn 10837..10838 ; R # Lo [2] CYPRIOT SYLLABLE XA..CYPRIOT SYLLABLE XE -10839..1083B ; R # Cn [3] .. 1083C ; R # Lo CYPRIOT SYLLABLE ZA -1083D..1083E ; R # Cn [2] .. 1083F..10855 ; R # Lo [23] CYPRIOT SYLLABLE ZO..IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER TAW -10856 ; R # Cn 10857 ; R # Po IMPERIAL ARAMAIC SECTION SIGN 10858..1085F ; R # No [8] IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER ONE..IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER TEN THOUSAND 10860..10876 ; R # Lo [23] PALMYRENE LETTER ALEPH..PALMYRENE LETTER TAW 10877..10878 ; R # So [2] PALMYRENE LEFT-POINTING FLEURON..PALMYRENE RIGHT-POINTING FLEURON 10879..1087F ; R # No [7] PALMYRENE NUMBER ONE..PALMYRENE NUMBER TWENTY 10880..1089E ; R # Lo [31] NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL ALEPH..NABATAEAN LETTER TAW -1089F..108A6 ; R # Cn [8] .. 108A7..108AF ; R # No [9] NABATAEAN NUMBER ONE..NABATAEAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED -108B0..108DF ; R # Cn [48] .. 108E0..108F2 ; R # Lo [19] HATRAN LETTER ALEPH..HATRAN LETTER QOPH -108F3 ; R # Cn 108F4..108F5 ; R # Lo [2] HATRAN LETTER SHIN..HATRAN LETTER TAW -108F6..108FA ; R # Cn [5] .. 108FB..108FF ; R # No [5] HATRAN NUMBER ONE..HATRAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED 10900..10915 ; R # Lo [22] PHOENICIAN LETTER ALF..PHOENICIAN LETTER TAU 10916..1091B ; R # No [6] PHOENICIAN NUMBER ONE..PHOENICIAN NUMBER THREE -1091C..1091E ; R # Cn [3] .. 10920..10939 ; R # Lo [26] LYDIAN LETTER A..LYDIAN LETTER C -1093A..1093E ; R # Cn [5] .. 1093F ; R # Po LYDIAN TRIANGULAR MARK -10940..1097F ; R # Cn [64] .. 10980..109B7 ; R # Lo [56] MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER A..MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER DA -109B8..109BB ; R # Cn [4] .. 109BC..109BD ; R # No [2] MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION ELEVEN TWELFTHS..MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION ONE HALF 109BE..109BF ; R # Lo [2] MEROITIC CURSIVE LOGOGRAM RMT..MEROITIC CURSIVE LOGOGRAM IMN 109C0..109CF ; R # No [16] MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER ONE..MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SEVENTY -109D0..109D1 ; R # Cn [2] .. 109D2..109FF ; R # No [46] MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER ONE HUNDRED..MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION TEN TWELFTHS 10A00 ; R # Lo KHAROSHTHI LETTER A -10A04 ; R # Cn -10A07..10A0B ; R # Cn [5] .. 10A10..10A13 ; R # Lo [4] KHAROSHTHI LETTER KA..KHAROSHTHI LETTER GHA -10A14 ; R # Cn 10A15..10A17 ; R # Lo [3] KHAROSHTHI LETTER CA..KHAROSHTHI LETTER JA -10A18 ; R # Cn 10A19..10A35 ; R # Lo [29] KHAROSHTHI LETTER NYA..KHAROSHTHI LETTER VHA -10A36..10A37 ; R # Cn [2] .. -10A3B..10A3E ; R # Cn [4] .. 10A40..10A48 ; R # No [9] KHAROSHTHI DIGIT ONE..KHAROSHTHI FRACTION ONE HALF -10A49..10A4F ; R # Cn [7] .. 10A50..10A58 ; R # Po [9] KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION DOT..KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION LINES -10A59..10A5F ; R # Cn [7] .. 10A60..10A7C ; R # Lo [29] OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER HE..OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER THETH 10A7D..10A7E ; R # No [2] OLD SOUTH ARABIAN NUMBER ONE..OLD SOUTH ARABIAN NUMBER FIFTY 10A7F ; R # Po OLD SOUTH ARABIAN NUMERIC INDICATOR 10A80..10A9C ; R # Lo [29] OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER HEH..OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ZAH 10A9D..10A9F ; R # No [3] OLD NORTH ARABIAN NUMBER ONE..OLD NORTH ARABIAN NUMBER TWENTY -10AA0..10ABF ; R # Cn [32] .. 10AC0..10AC7 ; R # Lo [8] MANICHAEAN LETTER ALEPH..MANICHAEAN LETTER WAW 10AC8 ; R # So MANICHAEAN SIGN UD 10AC9..10AE4 ; R # Lo [28] MANICHAEAN LETTER ZAYIN..MANICHAEAN LETTER TAW -10AE7..10AEA ; R # Cn [4] .. 10AEB..10AEF ; R # No [5] MANICHAEAN NUMBER ONE..MANICHAEAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED 10AF0..10AF6 ; R # Po [7] MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION STAR..MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION LINE FILLER -10AF7..10AFF ; R # Cn [9] .. 10B00..10B35 ; R # Lo [54] AVESTAN LETTER A..AVESTAN LETTER HE -10B36..10B38 ; R # Cn [3] .. 10B40..10B55 ; R # Lo [22] INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER ALEPH..INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER TAW -10B56..10B57 ; R # Cn [2] .. 10B58..10B5F ; R # No [8] INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER ONE..INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER ONE THOUSAND 10B60..10B72 ; R # Lo [19] INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER ALEPH..INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER TAW -10B73..10B77 ; R # Cn [5] .. 10B78..10B7F ; R # No [8] INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE..INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE THOUSAND 10B80..10B91 ; R # Lo [18] PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER ALEPH..PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER TAW -10B92..10B98 ; R # Cn [7] .. 10B99..10B9C ; R # Po [4] PSALTER PAHLAVI SECTION MARK..PSALTER PAHLAVI FOUR DOTS WITH DOT -10B9D..10BA8 ; R # Cn [12] .. 10BA9..10BAF ; R # No [7] PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE..PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE HUNDRED -10BB0..10BFF ; R # Cn [80] .. 10C00..10C48 ; R # Lo [73] OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON A..OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON BASH -10C49..10C7F ; R # Cn [55] .. 10C80..10CB2 ; R # L& [51] OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER A..OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER US -10CB3..10CBF ; R # Cn [13] .. 10CC0..10CF2 ; R # L& [51] OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER A..OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER US -10CF3..10CF9 ; R # Cn [7] .. 10CFA..10CFF ; R # No [6] OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER ONE..OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER ONE THOUSAND -10D40..10E5F ; R # Cn [288] .. -10E7F ; R # Cn 10E80..10EA9 ; R # Lo [42] YEZIDI LETTER ELIF..YEZIDI LETTER ET -10EAA ; R # Cn 10EAD ; R # Pd YEZIDI HYPHENATION MARK -10EAE..10EAF ; R # Cn [2] .. 10EB0..10EB1 ; R # Lo [2] YEZIDI LETTER LAM WITH DOT ABOVE..YEZIDI LETTER YOT WITH CIRCUMFLEX ABOVE -10EB2..10EFF ; R # Cn [78] .. 10F00..10F1C ; R # Lo [29] OLD SOGDIAN LETTER ALEPH..OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL TAW WITH VERTICAL TAIL 10F1D..10F26 ; R # No [10] OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER ONE..OLD SOGDIAN FRACTION ONE HALF 10F27 ; R # Lo OLD SOGDIAN LIGATURE AYIN-DALETH -10F28..10F2F ; R # Cn [8] .. 10F70..10F81 ; R # Lo [18] OLD UYGHUR LETTER ALEPH..OLD UYGHUR LETTER LESH 10F86..10F89 ; R # Po [4] OLD UYGHUR PUNCTUATION BAR..OLD UYGHUR PUNCTUATION FOUR DOTS -10F8A..10FAF ; R # Cn [38] .. 10FB0..10FC4 ; R # Lo [21] CHORASMIAN LETTER ALEPH..CHORASMIAN LETTER TAW 10FC5..10FCB ; R # No [7] CHORASMIAN NUMBER ONE..CHORASMIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED -10FCC..10FDF ; R # Cn [20] .. 10FE0..10FF6 ; R # Lo [23] ELYMAIC LETTER ALEPH..ELYMAIC LIGATURE ZAYIN-YODH -10FF7..10FFF ; R # Cn [9] .. 1E800..1E8C4 ; R # Lo [197] MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M001 KI..MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M060 NYON -1E8C5..1E8C6 ; R # Cn [2] .. 1E8C7..1E8CF ; R # No [9] MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT ONE..MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT NINE -1E8D7..1E8FF ; R # Cn [41] .. 1E900..1E943 ; R # L& [68] ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER ALIF..ADLAM SMALL LETTER SHA 1E94B ; R # Lm ADLAM NASALIZATION MARK -1E94C..1E94F ; R # Cn [4] .. 1E950..1E959 ; R # Nd [10] ADLAM DIGIT ZERO..ADLAM DIGIT NINE -1E95A..1E95D ; R # Cn [4] .. 1E95E..1E95F ; R # Po [2] ADLAM INITIAL EXCLAMATION MARK..ADLAM INITIAL QUESTION MARK -1E960..1EC6F ; R # Cn [784] .. -1ECC0..1ECFF ; R # Cn [64] .. -1ED50..1EDFF ; R # Cn [176] .. -1EF00..1EFFF ; R # Cn [256] .. -# Total code points: 3711 +# The above property value applies to 2156 code points not listed here. +# Total code points: 3647 # ================================================ @@ -1313,7 +1348,6 @@ FF0D ; ES # Pd FULLWIDTH HYPHEN-MINUS 17DB ; ET # Sc KHMER CURRENCY SYMBOL RIEL 2030..2034 ; ET # Po [5] PER MILLE SIGN..TRIPLE PRIME 20A0..20C0 ; ET # Sc [33] EURO-CURRENCY SIGN..SOM SIGN -20C1..20CF ; ET # Cn [15] .. 212E ; ET # So ESTIMATED SYMBOL 2213 ; ET # Sm MINUS-OR-PLUS SIGN A838 ; ET # Sc NORTH INDIC RUPEE MARK @@ -1329,6 +1363,7 @@ FFE5..FFE6 ; ET # Sc [2] FULLWIDTH YEN SIGN..FULLWIDTH WON SIGN 11FDD..11FE0 ; ET # Sc [4] TAMIL SIGN KAACU..TAMIL SIGN VARAAKAN 1E2FF ; ET # Sc WANCHO NGUN SIGN +# The above property value applies to 15 code points not listed here. # Total code points: 92 # ================================================ @@ -1887,10 +1922,10 @@ FFFC..FFFD ; ON # So [2] OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER..REPLACEMENT CHARACTE 1F300..1F3FA ; ON # So [251] CYCLONE..AMPHORA 1F3FB..1F3FF ; ON # Sk [5] EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-1-2..EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-6 1F400..1F6D7 ; ON # So [728] RAT..ELEVATOR -1F6DD..1F6EC ; ON # So [16] PLAYGROUND SLIDE..AIRPLANE ARRIVING +1F6DC..1F6EC ; ON # So [17] WIRELESS..AIRPLANE ARRIVING 1F6F0..1F6FC ; ON # So [13] SATELLITE..ROLLER SKATE -1F700..1F773 ; ON # So [116] ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR QUINTESSENCE..ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR HALF OUNCE -1F780..1F7D8 ; ON # So [89] BLACK LEFT-POINTING ISOSCELES RIGHT TRIANGLE..NEGATIVE CIRCLED SQUARE +1F700..1F776 ; ON # So [119] ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR QUINTESSENCE..LUNAR ECLIPSE +1F77B..1F7D9 ; ON # So [95] HAUMEA..NINE POINTED WHITE STAR 1F7E0..1F7EB ; ON # So [12] LARGE ORANGE CIRCLE..LARGE BROWN SQUARE 1F7F0 ; ON # So HEAVY EQUALS SIGN 1F800..1F80B ; ON # So [12] LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH SMALL TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD..DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH LARGE TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD @@ -1901,19 +1936,17 @@ FFFC..FFFD ; ON # So [2] OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER..REPLACEMENT CHARACTE 1F8B0..1F8B1 ; ON # So [2] ARROW POINTING UPWARDS THEN NORTH WEST..ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING SOUTH WEST 1F900..1FA53 ; ON # So [340] CIRCLED CROSS FORMEE WITH FOUR DOTS..BLACK CHESS KNIGHT-BISHOP 1FA60..1FA6D ; ON # So [14] XIANGQI RED GENERAL..XIANGQI BLACK SOLDIER -1FA70..1FA74 ; ON # So [5] BALLET SHOES..THONG SANDAL -1FA78..1FA7C ; ON # So [5] DROP OF BLOOD..CRUTCH -1FA80..1FA86 ; ON # So [7] YO-YO..NESTING DOLLS -1FA90..1FAAC ; ON # So [29] RINGED PLANET..HAMSA -1FAB0..1FABA ; ON # So [11] FLY..NEST WITH EGGS -1FAC0..1FAC5 ; ON # So [6] ANATOMICAL HEART..PERSON WITH CROWN -1FAD0..1FAD9 ; ON # So [10] BLUEBERRIES..JAR -1FAE0..1FAE7 ; ON # So [8] MELTING FACE..BUBBLES -1FAF0..1FAF6 ; ON # So [7] HAND WITH INDEX FINGER AND THUMB CROSSED..HEART HANDS +1FA70..1FA7C ; ON # So [13] BALLET SHOES..CRUTCH +1FA80..1FA88 ; ON # So [9] YO-YO..FLUTE +1FA90..1FABD ; ON # So [46] RINGED PLANET..WING +1FABF..1FAC5 ; ON # So [7] GOOSE..PERSON WITH CROWN +1FACE..1FADB ; ON # So [14] MOOSE..PEA POD +1FAE0..1FAE8 ; ON # So [9] MELTING FACE..SHAKING FACE +1FAF0..1FAF8 ; ON # So [9] HAND WITH INDEX FINGER AND THUMB CROSSED..RIGHTWARDS PUSHING HAND 1FB00..1FB92 ; ON # So [147] BLOCK SEXTANT-1..UPPER HALF INVERSE MEDIUM SHADE AND LOWER HALF BLOCK 1FB94..1FBCA ; ON # So [55] LEFT HALF INVERSE MEDIUM SHADE AND RIGHT HALF BLOCK..WHITE UP-POINTING CHEVRON -# Total code points: 6000 +# Total code points: 6029 # ================================================ @@ -2054,7 +2087,7 @@ FFFFE..FFFFF ; BN # Cn [2] .. 0E47..0E4E ; NSM # Mn [8] THAI CHARACTER MAITAIKHU..THAI CHARACTER YAMAKKAN 0EB1 ; NSM # Mn LAO VOWEL SIGN MAI KAN 0EB4..0EBC ; NSM # Mn [9] LAO VOWEL SIGN I..LAO SEMIVOWEL SIGN LO -0EC8..0ECD ; NSM # Mn [6] LAO TONE MAI EK..LAO NIGGAHITA +0EC8..0ECE ; NSM # Mn [7] LAO TONE MAI EK..LAO YAMAKKAN 0F18..0F19 ; NSM # Mn [2] TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN -KHYUD PA..TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN SDONG TSHUGS 0F35 ; NSM # Mn TIBETAN MARK NGAS BZUNG NYI ZLA 0F37 ; NSM # Mn TIBETAN MARK NGAS BZUNG SGOR RTAGS @@ -2189,6 +2222,7 @@ FE20..FE2F ; NSM # Mn [16] COMBINING LIGATURE LEFT HALF..COMBINING CYRILLIC 10AE5..10AE6 ; NSM # Mn [2] MANICHAEAN ABBREVIATION MARK ABOVE..MANICHAEAN ABBREVIATION MARK BELOW 10D24..10D27 ; NSM # Mn [4] HANIFI ROHINGYA SIGN HARBAHAY..HANIFI ROHINGYA SIGN TASSI 10EAB..10EAC ; NSM # Mn [2] YEZIDI COMBINING HAMZA MARK..YEZIDI COMBINING MADDA MARK +10EFD..10EFF ; NSM # Mn [3] ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD SAKTA..ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD MADDA 10F46..10F50 ; NSM # Mn [11] SOGDIAN COMBINING DOT BELOW..SOGDIAN COMBINING STROKE BELOW 10F82..10F85 ; NSM # Mn [4] OLD UYGHUR COMBINING DOT ABOVE..OLD UYGHUR COMBINING TWO DOTS BELOW 11001 ; NSM # Mn BRAHMI SIGN ANUSVARA @@ -2211,6 +2245,7 @@ FE20..FE2F ; NSM # Mn [16] COMBINING LIGATURE LEFT HALF..COMBINING CYRILLIC 11234 ; NSM # Mn KHOJKI SIGN ANUSVARA 11236..11237 ; NSM # Mn [2] KHOJKI SIGN NUKTA..KHOJKI SIGN SHADDA 1123E ; NSM # Mn KHOJKI SIGN SUKUN +11241 ; NSM # Mn KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R 112DF ; NSM # Mn KHUDAWADI SIGN ANUSVARA 112E3..112EA ; NSM # Mn [8] KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN U..KHUDAWADI SIGN VIRAMA 11300..11301 ; NSM # Mn [2] GRANTHA SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE..GRANTHA SIGN CANDRABINDU @@ -2272,6 +2307,12 @@ FE20..FE2F ; NSM # Mn [16] COMBINING LIGATURE LEFT HALF..COMBINING CYRILLIC 11D95 ; NSM # Mn GUNJALA GONDI SIGN ANUSVARA 11D97 ; NSM # Mn GUNJALA GONDI VIRAMA 11EF3..11EF4 ; NSM # Mn [2] MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN I..MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN U +11F00..11F01 ; NSM # Mn [2] KAWI SIGN CANDRABINDU..KAWI SIGN ANUSVARA +11F36..11F3A ; NSM # Mn [5] KAWI VOWEL SIGN I..KAWI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R +11F40 ; NSM # Mn KAWI VOWEL SIGN EU +11F42 ; NSM # Mn KAWI CONJOINER +13440 ; NSM # Mn EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH MIRROR HORIZONTALLY +13447..13455 ; NSM # Mn [15] EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH MODIFIER DAMAGED AT TOP START..EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH MODIFIER DAMAGED 16AF0..16AF4 ; NSM # Mn [5] BASSA VAH COMBINING HIGH TONE..BASSA VAH COMBINING HIGH-LOW TONE 16B30..16B36 ; NSM # Mn [7] PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM TUB..PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM TAUM 16F4F ; NSM # Mn MIAO SIGN CONSONANT MODIFIER BAR @@ -2296,14 +2337,16 @@ FE20..FE2F ; NSM # Mn [16] COMBINING LIGATURE LEFT HALF..COMBINING CYRILLIC 1E01B..1E021 ; NSM # Mn [7] COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SHTA..COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YATI 1E023..1E024 ; NSM # Mn [2] COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YU..COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SMALL YUS 1E026..1E02A ; NSM # Mn [5] COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YO..COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER FITA +1E08F ; NSM # Mn COMBINING CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I 1E130..1E136 ; NSM # Mn [7] NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-B..NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-D 1E2AE ; NSM # Mn TOTO SIGN RISING TONE 1E2EC..1E2EF ; NSM # Mn [4] WANCHO TONE TUP..WANCHO TONE KOINI +1E4EC..1E4EF ; NSM # Mn [4] NAG MUNDARI SIGN MUHOR..NAG MUNDARI SIGN SUTUH 1E8D0..1E8D6 ; NSM # Mn [7] MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER TEENS..MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER MILLIONS 1E944..1E94A ; NSM # Mn [7] ADLAM ALIF LENGTHENER..ADLAM NUKTA E0100..E01EF ; NSM # Mn [240] VARIATION SELECTOR-17..VARIATION SELECTOR-256 -# Total code points: 1958 +# Total code points: 1993 # ================================================ @@ -2329,125 +2372,74 @@ E0100..E01EF ; NSM # Mn [240] VARIATION SELECTOR-17..VARIATION SELECTOR-256 06FD..06FE ; AL # So [2] ARABIC SIGN SINDHI AMPERSAND..ARABIC SIGN SINDHI POSTPOSITION MEN 06FF ; AL # Lo ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH INVERTED V 0700..070D ; AL # Po [14] SYRIAC END OF PARAGRAPH..SYRIAC HARKLEAN ASTERISCUS -070E ; AL # Cn 070F ; AL # Cf SYRIAC ABBREVIATION MARK 0710 ; AL # Lo SYRIAC LETTER ALAPH 0712..072F ; AL # Lo [30] SYRIAC LETTER BETH..SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN DHALATH -074B..074C ; AL # Cn [2] .. 074D..07A5 ; AL # Lo [89] SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN ZHAIN..THAANA LETTER WAAVU 07B1 ; AL # Lo THAANA LETTER NAA -07B2..07BF ; AL # Cn [14] .. 0860..086A ; AL # Lo [11] SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NGA..SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM SSA -086B..086F ; AL # Cn [5] .. 0870..0887 ; AL # Lo [24] ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED FATHA..ARABIC BASELINE ROUND DOT 0888 ; AL # Sk ARABIC RAISED ROUND DOT 0889..088E ; AL # Lo [6] ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH INVERTED SMALL V..ARABIC VERTICAL TAIL -088F ; AL # Cn -0892..0897 ; AL # Cn [6] .. 08A0..08C8 ; AL # Lo [41] ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V BELOW..ARABIC LETTER GRAF 08C9 ; AL # Lm ARABIC SMALL FARSI YEH FB50..FBB1 ; AL # Lo [98] ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA ISOLATED FORM..ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH HAMZA ABOVE FINAL FORM FBB2..FBC2 ; AL # Sk [17] ARABIC SYMBOL DOT ABOVE..ARABIC SYMBOL WASLA ABOVE -FBC3..FBD2 ; AL # Cn [16] .. FBD3..FD3D ; AL # Lo [363] ARABIC LETTER NG ISOLATED FORM..ARABIC LIGATURE ALEF WITH FATHATAN ISOLATED FORM FD50..FD8F ; AL # Lo [64] ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH JEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM..ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH KHAH WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM -FD90..FD91 ; AL # Cn [2] .. FD92..FDC7 ; AL # Lo [54] ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH JEEM WITH KHAH INITIAL FORM..ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH JEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM -FDC8..FDCE ; AL # Cn [7] .. FDF0..FDFB ; AL # Lo [12] ARABIC LIGATURE SALLA USED AS KORANIC STOP SIGN ISOLATED FORM..ARABIC LIGATURE JALLAJALALOUHOU FDFC ; AL # Sc RIAL SIGN FE70..FE74 ; AL # Lo [5] ARABIC FATHATAN ISOLATED FORM..ARABIC KASRATAN ISOLATED FORM -FE75 ; AL # Cn FE76..FEFC ; AL # Lo [135] ARABIC FATHA ISOLATED FORM..ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH ALEF FINAL FORM -FEFD..FEFE ; AL # Cn [2] .. 10D00..10D23 ; AL # Lo [36] HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER A..HANIFI ROHINGYA MARK NA KHONNA -10D28..10D2F ; AL # Cn [8] .. -10D3A..10D3F ; AL # Cn [6] .. 10F30..10F45 ; AL # Lo [22] SOGDIAN LETTER ALEPH..SOGDIAN INDEPENDENT SHIN 10F51..10F54 ; AL # No [4] SOGDIAN NUMBER ONE..SOGDIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED 10F55..10F59 ; AL # Po [5] SOGDIAN PUNCTUATION TWO VERTICAL BARS..SOGDIAN PUNCTUATION HALF CIRCLE WITH DOT -10F5A..10F6F ; AL # Cn [22] .. -1EC70 ; AL # Cn 1EC71..1ECAB ; AL # No [59] INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE..INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED NINE 1ECAC ; AL # So INDIC SIYAQ PLACEHOLDER 1ECAD..1ECAF ; AL # No [3] INDIC SIYAQ FRACTION ONE QUARTER..INDIC SIYAQ FRACTION THREE QUARTERS 1ECB0 ; AL # Sc INDIC SIYAQ RUPEE MARK 1ECB1..1ECB4 ; AL # No [4] INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ALTERNATE ONE..INDIC SIYAQ ALTERNATE LAKH MARK -1ECB5..1ECBF ; AL # Cn [11] .. -1ED00 ; AL # Cn 1ED01..1ED2D ; AL # No [45] OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER ONE..OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER NINETY THOUSAND 1ED2E ; AL # So OTTOMAN SIYAQ MARRATAN 1ED2F..1ED3D ; AL # No [15] OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER TWO..OTTOMAN SIYAQ FRACTION ONE SIXTH -1ED3E..1ED4F ; AL # Cn [18] .. 1EE00..1EE03 ; AL # Lo [4] ARABIC MATHEMATICAL ALEF..ARABIC MATHEMATICAL DAL -1EE04 ; AL # Cn 1EE05..1EE1F ; AL # Lo [27] ARABIC MATHEMATICAL WAW..ARABIC MATHEMATICAL DOTLESS QAF -1EE20 ; AL # Cn 1EE21..1EE22 ; AL # Lo [2] ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL BEH..ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL JEEM -1EE23 ; AL # Cn 1EE24 ; AL # Lo ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL HEH -1EE25..1EE26 ; AL # Cn [2] .. 1EE27 ; AL # Lo ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL HAH -1EE28 ; AL # Cn 1EE29..1EE32 ; AL # Lo [10] ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL YEH..ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL QAF -1EE33 ; AL # Cn 1EE34..1EE37 ; AL # Lo [4] ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL SHEEN..ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL KHAH -1EE38 ; AL # Cn 1EE39 ; AL # Lo ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL DAD -1EE3A ; AL # Cn 1EE3B ; AL # Lo ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL GHAIN -1EE3C..1EE41 ; AL # Cn [6] .. 1EE42 ; AL # Lo ARABIC MATHEMATICAL TAILED JEEM -1EE43..1EE46 ; AL # Cn [4] .. 1EE47 ; AL # Lo ARABIC MATHEMATICAL TAILED HAH -1EE48 ; AL # Cn 1EE49 ; AL # Lo ARABIC MATHEMATICAL TAILED YEH -1EE4A ; AL # Cn 1EE4B ; AL # Lo ARABIC MATHEMATICAL TAILED LAM -1EE4C ; AL # Cn 1EE4D..1EE4F ; AL # Lo [3] ARABIC MATHEMATICAL TAILED NOON..ARABIC MATHEMATICAL TAILED AIN -1EE50 ; AL # Cn 1EE51..1EE52 ; AL # Lo [2] ARABIC MATHEMATICAL TAILED SAD..ARABIC MATHEMATICAL TAILED QAF -1EE53 ; AL # Cn 1EE54 ; AL # Lo ARABIC MATHEMATICAL TAILED SHEEN -1EE55..1EE56 ; AL # Cn [2] .. 1EE57 ; AL # Lo ARABIC MATHEMATICAL TAILED KHAH -1EE58 ; AL # Cn