diff --git a/docs/en/_toc.yaml b/docs/en/_toc.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b45e4bd228b366b1dae74a25a833602a6a1aaf91 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/_toc.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +label: isocut User Guide +isManual: true +description: Customize openEuler ISO images +sections: + - label: isocut User Guide + href: ./isocut_user_guide.md \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/en/figures/lack_pack.png b/docs/en/figures/lack_pack.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4b7f1da15da70f63a86aae360e89017c2b98f2d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/figures/lack_pack.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/isocut_user_guide.md b/docs/en/isocut_user_guide.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9444606474d49c4c317c46427f6ca2a9f3fb408e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/isocut_user_guide.md @@ -0,0 +1,317 @@ +# isocut User Guide + +## Introduction + +The size of an openEuler image is large, and the process of downloading or transferring an image is time-consuming. In addition, when an openEuler image is used to install the OS, all RPM packages contained in the image are installed. You cannot choose to install only the required software packages. + +In some scenarios, you do not need to install the full software package provided by the image, or you need to install additional software packages. Therefore, openEuler provides an image tailoring and customization tool. You can use this tool to customize an ISO image that contains only the required RPM packages based on an openEuler image. The software packages can be the ones contained in an official ISO image or specified in addition to meet custom requirements. + +This document describes how to install and use the openEuler image tailoring and customization tool. + +## Software and Hardware Requirements + +The hardware and software requirements of the computer to make an ISO file using the openEuler tailoring and customization tool are as follows: + +- The CPU architecture is AArch64 or x86_64. +- The operating system is openEuler 20.03 LTS SP3. +- You are advised to reserve at least 30 GB drive space for running the tailoring and customization tool and storing the ISO image. + +## Installation + +The following uses openEuler 20.03 LTS SP3 on the AArch64 architecture as an example to describe how to install the ISO image tailoring and customization tool. + +1. Ensure that openEuler 20.03 LTS SP3 has been installed on the computer. + + ```shell + $ cat /etc/openEuler-release + openEuler release 20.03 (LTS-SP3) + ``` + +2. Download the ISO image (must be an **everything** image) of the corresponding architecture and save it to any directory (it is recommended that the available space of the directory be greater than 20 GB). In this example, the ISO image is saved to the **/home/isocut_iso** directory. + + The download address of the AArch64 image is as follows: + + + + > [!NOTE]NOTE\ + > The download address of the x86_64 image is as follows: + > + +3. Create a **/etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo** file to configure the Yum source. The following is an example of the configuration file. **baseurl** is the directory for mounting the ISO image. + + ```shell + [local] + name=local + baseurl=file:///home/isocut_mount + gpgcheck=0 + enabled=1 + ``` + +4. Run the following command as the **root** user to mount the image to the **/home/isocut_mount** directory (ensure that the mount directory is the same as **baseurl** configured in the **repo** file) as the Yum source: + + ```shell + sudo mount -o loop /home/isocut_iso/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP3-everything-aarch64-dvd.iso /home/isocut_mount + ``` + +5. Make the Yum source take effect. + + ```shell + yum clean all + yum makecache + ``` + +6. Install the image tailoring and customization tool as the **root** user. + + ```shell + sudo yum install -y isocut + ``` + +7. Run the following command as the **root** user to verify that the tool has been installed successfully: + + ```shell + $ sudo isocut -h + Checking input ... + usage: isocut [-h] [-t temporary_path] [-r rpm_path] [-k file_path] source_iso dest_iso + + Cut openEuler iso to small one + + positional arguments: + source_iso source iso image + dest_iso destination iso image + + optional arguments: + -h, --help show this help message and exit + -t temporary_path temporary path + -r rpm_path extern rpm packages path + -k file_path kickstart file + ``` + +## Tailoring and Customizing an Image + +This section describes how to use the image tailoring and customization tool to create an image by tailoring or adding RPM packages to an openEuler image. + +### Command Description + +#### Format + +Run the `isocut` command to use the image tailoring and customization tool. The command format is as follows: + +**isocut** \[ --help \| -h \] \[ -t \ ] \[ -r \ ] \[ -k \ ] \ \ + +#### Parameter Description + +| Parameter | Mandatory | Description | +| ---------------- | --------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | +| --help \| -h | No | Queries the help information about the command. | +| -t \<*temp_path*> | No | Specifies the temporary directory *temp_path* for running the tool, which is an absolute path. The default value is **/tmp**. | +| -r \<*rpm_path*> | No | Specifies the path of the RPM packages to be added to the ISO image. | +| -k \<*file_path*> | No | Specifies the kickstart template path if kickstart is used for automatic installation. | +| *source_iso* | Yes | Path and name of the ISO source image to be tailored. If no path is specified, the current path is used by default. | +| *dest_iso* | Yes | Specifies the path and name of the new ISO image created by the tool. If no path is specified, the current path is used by default. | + +### Software Package Source + +The RPM packages of the new image can be: + +- Packages contained in an official ISO image. In this case, the RPM packages to be installed are specified in the configuration file **/etc/isocut/rpmlist**. The configuration format is *software_package_name.architecture*. For example, **kernel.aarch64**. + +- Specified in addition. In this case, use the `-r` parameter to specify the path in which the RPM packages are stored when running the `isocut` command and add the RPM package names to the **/etc/isocut/rpmlist** configuration file. (See the name format above.) + + > [!NOTE]NOTE + > + > - When customizing an image, if an RPM package specified in the configuration file cannot be found, the RPM package will not be added to the image. + > - If the dependency of the RPM package is incorrect, an error may be reported when running the tailoring and customization tool. + +### kickstart Functions + +You can use kickstart to install images automatically by using the `-k` parameter to specify a kickstart file when running the `isocut` command. + +The isocut tool provides a kickstart template (**/etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg**). You can modify the template as required. + +#### Modifying the kickstart Template + +If you need to use the kickstart template provided by the isocut tool, perform the following modifications: + +- Configure the root user password and the GRUB2 password in the **/etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg** file. Otherwise, the automatic image installation will pause during the password setting process, waiting for you to manually enter the passwords. +- If you want to specify additional RPM packages and use kickstart for automatic installation, specify the RPM packages in the **%packages** field in both the **/etc/isocut/rpmlist** file and the kickstart file. + +See the next section for details about how to modify the kickstart file. + +##### Configuring Initial Passwords + +###### Setting the Initial Password of the **root** User + +Set the initial password of the **root** user as follows in the **/etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg** file. Replace **${pwd}** with the encrypted password. + +```shell +rootpw --iscrypted ${pwd} +``` + +Obtain the initial password of the **root** user as follows (**root** permissions are required): + +1. Add a user for generating the password, for example, **testUser**. + + ```shell + sudo useradd testUser + ``` + +2. Set the password for the **testUser** user. Run the following command to set the password as prompted: + + ```shell + $ sudo passwd testUser + Changing password for user testUser. + New password: + Retype new password: + passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. + ``` + +3. View the **/etc/shadow** file to obtain the encrypted password. The encrypted password is the string between the two colons (:) following the **testUser** user name. (******* is used as an example.) + + ```shell + $ sudo cat /etc/shadow | grep testUser + testUser:***:19052:0:90:7:35:: + ``` + +4. Run the following command to replace the **pwd** field in the **/etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg** file with the encrypted password (replace __***__ with the actual password): + + ```shell + rootpw --iscrypted *** + ``` + +###### Configuring the Initial GRUB2 Password + +Add the following configuration to the **/etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg** file to set the initial GRUB2 password: Replace **${pwd}** with the encrypted password. + +```shell +%addon com_huawei_grub_safe --iscrypted --password='${pwd}' +%end +``` + +> [!NOTE]NOTE +> +> - The **root** permissions are required for configuring the initial GRUB password. +> - The default user corresponding to the GRUB password is **root**. +> - The `grub2-set-password` command must exist in the system. If the command does not exist, install it in advance. + +1. Run the following command and set the GRUB2 password as prompted: + + ```shell + $ sudo grub2-set-password -o ./ + Enter password: + Confirm password: + grep: .//grub.cfg: No such file or directory + WARNING: The current configuration lacks password support! + Update your configuration with grub2-mkconfig to support this feature. + ``` + +2. After the command is executed, the **user.cfg** file is generated in the current directory. The content starting with **grub.pbkdf2.sha512** is the encrypted GRUB2 password. + + ```shell + $ sudo cat user.cfg + GRUB2_PASSWORD=grub.pbkdf2.sha512.*** + ``` + +3. Add the following information to the **/etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg** file. Replace ******* with the encrypted GRUB2 password. + + ```shell + %addon com_huawei_grub_safe --iscrypted --password='grub.pbkdf2.sha512.***' + %end + ``` + +##### Configuring the %packages Field + +If you want to specify additional RPM packages and use kickstart for automatic installation, specify the RPM packages in the **%packages** field in both the **/etc/isocut/rpmlist** file and the kickstart file. + +This section describes how to specify RPM packages in the **/etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg** file. + +The default configurations of **%packages** in the **/etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg** file are as follows: + +```shell +%packages --multilib --ignoremissing +acl.aarch64 +aide.aarch64 +...... +NetworkManager.aarch64 +%end +``` + +Add specified RPM packages to the **%packages** configurations in the following format: + +*software_package_name.architecture*. For example, **kernel.aarch64**. + +```shell +%packages --multilib --ignoremissing +acl.aarch64 +aide.aarch64 +...... +NetworkManager.aarch64 +kernel.aarch64 +%end +``` + +### Operation Guide + +> [!NOTE]NOTE +> +> - Do not modify or delete the default configuration items in the **/etc/isocut/rpmlist** file. +> - All `isocut` operations require **root** permissions. +> - The source image to be tailored can be a basic image or **everything** image. In this example, the basic image **openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP3-aarch64-dvd.iso** is used. +> - In this example, assume that the new image is named **new.iso** and stored in the **/home/result** directory, the temporary directory for running the tool is **/home/temp**, and the additional RPM packages are stored in the **/home/rpms** directory. + +1. Open the configuration file **/etc/isocut/rpmlist** and specify the RPM packages to be installed (from the official ISO image). + + ```shell + sudo vi /etc/isocut/rpmlist + ``` + +2. Ensure that the space of the temporary directory for running the image tailoring and customization tool is greater than 8 GB. The default temporary directory is**/tmp**. You can also use the `-t` parameter to specify another directory as the temporary directory. The path of the directory must be an absolute path. In this example, the **/home/temp** directory is used. The following command output indicates that the available drive space of the **/home** directory is 38 GB, which meets the requirements. + + ```shell + $ df -h + Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on + devtmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /dev + tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm + tmpfs 1.5G 23M 1.5G 2% /run + tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup + /dev/mapper/openeuler_openeuler-root 69G 2.8G 63G 5% / + /dev/sda2 976M 114M 796M 13% /boot + /dev/mapper/openeuler_openeuler-home 61G 21G 38G 35% /home + ``` + +3. Tailor and customize the image. + + **Scenario 1**: All RPM packages of the new image are from the official ISO image. + + ```shell + $ sudo isocut -t /home/temp /home/isocut_iso/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP3-aarch64-dvd.iso /home/result/new.iso + Checking input ... + Checking user ... + Checking necessary tools ... + Initing workspace ... + Copying basic part of iso image ... + Downloading rpms ... + Finish create yum conf + finished + Regenerating repodata ... + Checking rpm deps ... + Getting the description of iso image ... + Remaking iso ... + Adding checksum for iso ... + Adding sha256sum for iso ... + ISO cutout succeeded, enjoy your new image "/home/result/new.iso" + isocut.lock unlocked ... + ``` + + If the preceding information is displayed, the custom image **new.iso** is successfully created. + + **Scenario 2**: The RPM packages of the new image are from the official ISO image and additional packages in **/home/rpms**. + + ```shell + sudo isocut -t /home/temp -r /home/rpms /home/isocut_iso/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP3-aarch64-dvd.iso /home/result/new.iso + ``` + + **Scenario 3**: The kickstart file is used for automatic installation. You need to modify the **/etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg** file. + + ```shell + sudo isocut -t /home/temp -k /etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg /home/isocut_iso/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP3-aarch64-dvd.iso /home/result/new.iso + ``` diff --git a/docs/zh/_toc.yaml b/docs/zh/_toc.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0981194dad1e132c3e9e749c38071d8d7a680898 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/_toc.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +label: isocut使用指南 +isManual: true +description: 对 openEuler 光盘镜像进行裁剪定制 +sections: + - label: isocut使用指南 + href: ./isocut_user_guide.md diff --git a/docs/zh/figures/lack_pack.png b/docs/zh/figures/lack_pack.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4b7f1da15da70f63a86aae360e89017c2b98f2d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/zh/figures/lack_pack.png differ diff --git a/docs/zh/isocut_user_guide.md b/docs/zh/isocut_user_guide.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0c064b760c6cc296635e9f01cb340483035d799 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/isocut_user_guide.md @@ -0,0 +1,315 @@ +# isocut 使用指南 + +## 简介 + +openEuler 光盘镜像较大，下载、传输镜像很耗时。另外，使用 openEuler 光盘镜像安装操作系统时，会安装镜像所包含的全量 RPM 软件包，用户无法只安装部分所需的软件包。 + +在某些场景下，用户不需要安装镜像提供的全量软件包，或者需要一些额外的软件包。因此，openEuler 提供了镜像裁剪定制工具。通过该工具，用户可以基于 openEuler 光盘镜像裁剪定制仅包含所需 RPM 软件包的 ISO 镜像。这些软件包可以来自原有 ISO 镜像，也可以额外指定，从而满足用户定制需求。 + +本文档介绍 openEuler 镜像裁剪定制工具的安装和使用方法，以指导用户更好的完成镜像裁剪定制。 + +## 软硬件要求 + +使用 openEuler 裁剪定制工具制作 ISO 所使用的机器需要满足如下软硬件要求： + +- CPU 架构为 AArch64 或者 x86_64 +- 操作系统为 openEuler 20.03 LTS SP3 +- 建议预留 30 GB 以上的磁盘空间（用于运行裁剪定制工具和存放 ISO 镜像） + +## 安装工具 + +此处以 openEuler 20.03 LTS SP3 版本的 AArch64 架构为例，介绍 ISO 镜像裁剪定制工具的安装操作。 + +1. 确认机器已安装操作系统 openEuler 20.03 LTS SP3（镜像裁剪定制工具的运行环境）。 + + ``` shell script + $ cat /etc/openEuler-release + openEuler release 20.03 (LTS-SP3) + ``` + +2. 下载对应架构的 ISO 镜像（必须是 everything 版本），并存放在任一目录（建议该目录磁盘空间大于 20 GB），此处假设存放在 /home/isocut_iso 目录。 + + AArch64 架构的镜像下载链接为： + + + + > [!NOTE]说明\ + > x86_64 架构的镜像下载链接为： + > + +3. 创建文件 /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo，配置对应 yum 源。配置内容参考如下，其中 baseurl 是用于挂载 ISO 镜像的目录： + + ``` shell script + [local] + name=local + baseurl=file:///home/isocut_mount + gpgcheck=0 + enabled=1 + ``` + +4. 使用 root 权限，挂载光盘镜像到 /home/isocut_mount 目录（请与上述 repo 文件中配置的 baseurl 保持一致）作为 yum 源，参考命令如下： + + ```shell + sudo mount -o loop /home/isocut_iso/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP3-everything-aarch64-dvd.iso /home/isocut_mount + ``` + +5. 使 yum 源生效： + + ```shell + yum clean all + yum makecache + ``` + +6. 使用 root 权限，安装镜像裁剪定制工具： + + ```shell + sudo yum install -y isocut + ``` + +7. 使用 root 权限，确认工具已安装成功。 + + ```shell + $ sudo isocut -h + Checking input ... + usage: isocut [-h] [-t temporary_path] [-r rpm_path] [-k file_path] source_iso dest_iso + + Cut openEuler iso to small one + + positional arguments: + source_iso source iso image + dest_iso destination iso image + + optional arguments: + -h, --help show this help message and exit + -t temporary_path temporary path + -r rpm_path extern rpm packages path + -k file_path kickstart file + ``` + +## 裁剪定制镜像 + +此处介绍如何使用镜像裁剪定制工具基于 openEuler 光盘镜像裁剪或添加额外 RPM 软件包制作新镜像的方法。 + +### 命令介绍 + +#### 命令格式 + +镜像裁剪定制工具通过 isocut 命令执行功能。命令的使用格式为： + +`isocut [ --help | -h ] [ -t <*temp_path*> ] [ -r <*rpm_path*> ] [ -k <*file_path*> ] < *source_iso* > < *dest_iso* >` + +#### 参数说明 + +| 参数 | 是否必选 | 参数含义 | +| ---------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | +| --help \| -h | 否 | 查询命令的帮助信息。 | +| -t \<*temp_path*> | 否 | 指定工具运行的临时目录 *temp_path*，其中 *temp_path* 为绝对路径。默认为 /tmp 。 | +| -r \<*rpm_path*> | 否 | 用户需要额外添加到 ISO 镜像中的 RPM 包路径。 | +| -k \<*file_path*> | 否 | 用户需要使用 kickstart 自动安装，指定 kickstart 模板路径。 | +| *source_iso* | 是 | 用于裁剪的 ISO 源镜像所在路径和名称。不指定路径时，默认当前路径。 | +| *dest_iso* | 是 | 裁剪定制生成的 ISO 新镜像存放路径和名称。不指定路径时，默认当前路径。 | + +### 软件包来源 + +新镜像的 RPM 包来源有： + +- 原有 ISO 镜像。该情况通过配置文件 /etc/isocut/rpmlist 指定需要安装的 RPM 软件包，配置格式为`软件包名.对应架构`，例如：`kernel.aarch64`。 + +- 额外指定。执行 **isocut** 时使用 -r 参数指定软件包所在路径，并将添加的 RPM 包按上述格式添加到配置文件 /etc/isocut/rpmlist 中。 + + > [!NOTE]说明 \ + > 裁剪定制镜像时，若无法找到配置文件中指定的 RPM 包，则镜像中不会添加该 RPM 包。\ + > 若 RPM 包的依赖有问题，则裁剪定制镜像时可能会报错。 + +### kickstart 功能介绍 + +用户需要实现镜像自动化安装，可以通过 kickstart 的方式。在执行 **isocut** 时使用 -k 参数指定 kickstart 文件。 + +isocut 为用户提供了 kickstart 模板，路径是 /etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg，用户可以基于该模板修改。 + +#### 修改 kickstart 模板 + +若用户需要使用 isocut 工具提供的 kickstart 模板，需要修改以下内容： + +- 必须在文件 /etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg 中配置 root 和 grub2 的密码。否则镜像自动化安装会卡在设置密码的环节，等待用户手动输入密码。 +- 如果要添加额外 RPM 包，并使用 kickstart 自动安装，则在 /etc/isocut/rpmlist 和 kickstart 文件的 %packages 字段都要指定该 RPM 包。 + +接下来介绍 kickstart 文件详细修改方法。 + +##### 配置初始密码 + +###### 配置 root 初始密码 + +/etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg 中 root 初始密码的默认配置如下，其中 ${pwd} 需要替换成用户实际的加密密文： + +```shell +rootpw --iscrypted ${pwd} +``` + +这里给出设置 root 初始密码的方法（需使用 root 权限）： + +1. 添加用于生成密码的用户，此处假设 testUser。 + + ``` shell script + $ sudo useradd testUser + ``` + +2. 设置 testUser 用户的密码。参考命令如下，根据提示设置密码： + + ``` shell script + $ sudo passwd testUser + Changing password for user testUser. + New password: + Retype new password: + passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. + ``` + +3. 查看 /etc/shadow 文件，获取加密密码（用户 testUser 后，两个 : 间的字符串，此处使用 *** 代替）。 + + ``` shell script + $ sudo cat /etc/shadow | grep testUser + testUser:***:19052:0:90:7:35:: + ``` + +4. 拷贝上述加密密码替换 /etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg 中的 pwd 字段，如下所示（请用实际内容替换 *** ）： + + ``` shell script + rootpw --iscrypted *** + ``` + +###### 配置 grub2 初始密码 + +/etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg 文件中添加以下配置，配置 grub2 初始密码。其中 ${pwd} 需要替换成用户实际的加密密文： + +```shell +%addon com_huawei_grub_safe --iscrypted --password='${pwd}' +%end +``` + +> [!NOTE]说明 +> +> - 配置 grub 初始密码需要使用 root 权限。 +> - grub 密码对应的默认用户为 root。 +> - 系统中需有 grub2-set-password 命令，若不存在，请提前安装该命令。 + +1. 执行如下命令，根据提示设置 grub2 密码： + + ```shell + $ sudo grub2-set-password -o ./ + Enter password: + Confirm password: + grep: .//grub.cfg: No such file or directory + WARNING: The current configuration lacks password support! + Update your configuration with grub2-mkconfig to support this feature. + ``` + +2. 命令执行完成后，会在当前目录生成 user.cfg 文件，grub.pbkdf2.sha512 开头的内容即 grub2 加密密码。 + + ```shell + $ sudo cat user.cfg + GRUB2_PASSWORD=grub.pbkdf2.sha512.*** + ``` + +3. 复制上述密文，并在 /etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg 文件中增加如下配置： + + ```shell + %addon com_huawei_grub_safe --iscrypted --password='grub.pbkdf2.sha512.***' + %end + ``` + +##### 配置 %packages 字段 + +如果需要添加额外 RPM 包，并使用 kickstart 自动安装，需要在 /etc/isocut/rpmlist 和 kickstart 文件的 %packages 字段都指定该 RPM 包。 + +此处介绍在 /etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg 文件中添加 RPM 包。 + +/etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg 文件的 %packages 默认配置如下： + +```shell +%packages --multilib --ignoremissing +acl.aarch64 +aide.aarch64 +...... +NetworkManager.aarch64 +%end +``` + +将额外指定的 RPM 软件包添加到 %packages 配置中，需要遵循如下配置格式： + +`软件包名.对应架构`，例如：`kernel.aarch64` + +```shell +%packages --multilib --ignoremissing +acl.aarch64 +aide.aarch64 +...... +NetworkManager.aarch64 +kernel.aarch64 +%end +``` + +### 操作指导 + +> [!NOTE]说明 +> 请不要修改或删除 /etc/isocut/rpmlist 文件中的默认配置项。\ +> isocut 的所有操作需要使用 root 权限。\ +> 待裁剪的源镜像可以为基础镜像，也可以是 everything 版镜像，例子中以基础版镜像 openEuler-20. 03-LTS-SP3-aarch64-dvd.iso 为例。\ +> 例子中假设新生成的镜像名称为 new.iso，且存放在 /home/result 路径；运行工具的临时目录为 /home/temp；额外的 RPM 软件包存放在 /home/rpms 目录。 + +1. 修改配置文件 /etc/isocut/rpmlist，指定用户需要安装的 RPM 软件包（来自原有 ISO 镜像）。 + + ``` shell script + sudo vi /etc/isocut/rpmlist + ``` + +2. 确定运行镜像裁剪定制工具的临时目录空间大于 8 GB。默认临时目录为 /tmp，也可以使用 -t 参数指定其他目录作为临时目录，该目录必须为绝对路径。本例中使用目录 /home/temp，由如下回显可知 /home 目录可用磁盘为 38 GB，满足要求。 + + ```shell + $ df -h + Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on + devtmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /dev + tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm + tmpfs 1.5G 23M 1.5G 2% /run + tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup + /dev/mapper/openeuler_openeuler-root 69G 2.8G 63G 5% / + /dev/sda2 976M 114M 796M 13% /boot + /dev/mapper/openeuler_openeuler-home 61G 21G 38G 35% /home + ``` + +3. 执行裁剪定制。 + + **场景一**：新镜像的所有 RPM 包来自原有 ISO 镜像 + + ``` shell script + $ sudo isocut -t /home/temp /home/isocut_iso/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP3-aarch64-dvd.iso /home/result/new.iso + Checking input ... + Checking user ... + Checking necessary tools ... + Initing workspace ... + Copying basic part of iso image ... + Downloading rpms ... + Finish create yum conf + finished + Regenerating repodata ... + Checking rpm deps ... + Getting the description of iso image ... + Remaking iso ... + Adding checksum for iso ... + Adding sha256sum for iso ... + ISO cutout succeeded, enjoy your new image "/home/result/new.iso" + isocut.lock unlocked ... + ``` + + 回显如上，说明新镜像 new.iso 定制成功。 + + **场景二**：新镜像的 RPM 包除来自原有 ISO 镜像，还包含来自 /home/rpms 的额外软件包 + + ```shell + sudo isocut -t /home/temp -r /home/rpms /home/isocut_iso/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP3-aarch64-dvd.iso /home/result/new.iso + ``` + + **场景三**：使用 kickstart 文件实现自动化安装，需要修改 /etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg 文件 + + ```shell + sudo isocut -t /home/temp -k /etc/isocut/anaconda-ks.cfg /home/isocut_iso/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP3-aarch64-dvd.iso /home/result/new.iso + ```