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      <center><h1>Donut chart with base R</h1></center>
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      <center><p style="max-width: 600px; margin-top: 40px">This post provides code and explanation to build a <a href="doughnut-plot.html">donut chart</a> in base R. It offers a <code>doughnut()</code> function that can be reused on any data.</p></center>
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<p>To draw a <a href="doughnut-plot.html">donut plot</a>, the easiest way is to use <code>ggplot2</code>, as suggested in <a href="128-ring-or-donut-plot.html">graph #128</a>.</p>
<p>If you want to stick to base R however, the function given below should allow you to get there.</p>
<p><u>Important</u>: this functions comes from <a href="https://magesblog.com">here</a>.</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="co"># The doughnut function permits to draw a donut plot</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-2" data-line-number="2">doughnut &lt;-</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="cf">function</span> (x, <span class="dt">labels =</span> <span class="kw">names</span>(x), <span class="dt">edges =</span> <span class="dv">200</span>, <span class="dt">outer.radius =</span> <span class="fl">0.8</span>,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-4" data-line-number="4">          <span class="dt">inner.radius=</span><span class="fl">0.6</span>, <span class="dt">clockwise =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-5" data-line-number="5">          <span class="dt">init.angle =</span> <span class="cf">if</span> (clockwise) <span class="dv">90</span> <span class="cf">else</span> <span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dt">density =</span> <span class="ot">NULL</span>,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-6" data-line-number="6">          <span class="dt">angle =</span> <span class="dv">45</span>, <span class="dt">col =</span> <span class="ot">NULL</span>, <span class="dt">border =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>, <span class="dt">lty =</span> <span class="ot">NULL</span>,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-7" data-line-number="7">          <span class="dt">main =</span> <span class="ot">NULL</span>, ...)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-8" data-line-number="8">{</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-9" data-line-number="9">    <span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="op">!</span><span class="kw">is.numeric</span>(x) <span class="op">||</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">any</span>(<span class="kw">is.na</span>(x) <span class="op">|</span><span class="st"> </span>x <span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="dv">0</span>))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-10" data-line-number="10">        <span class="kw">stop</span>(<span class="st">&quot;&#39;x&#39; values must be positive.&quot;</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-11" data-line-number="11">    <span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="kw">is.null</span>(labels))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-12" data-line-number="12">        labels &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">as.character</span>(<span class="kw">seq_along</span>(x))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-13" data-line-number="13">    <span class="cf">else</span> labels &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">as.graphicsAnnot</span>(labels)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-14" data-line-number="14">    x &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="kw">cumsum</span>(x)<span class="op">/</span><span class="kw">sum</span>(x))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-15" data-line-number="15">    dx &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">diff</span>(x)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-16" data-line-number="16">    nx &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">length</span>(dx)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-17" data-line-number="17">    <span class="kw">plot.new</span>()</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-18" data-line-number="18">    pin &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">par</span>(<span class="st">&quot;pin&quot;</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-19" data-line-number="19">    xlim &lt;-<span class="st"> </span>ylim &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="op">-</span><span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-20" data-line-number="20">    <span class="cf">if</span> (pin[1L] <span class="op">&gt;</span><span class="st"> </span>pin[2L])</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-21" data-line-number="21">        xlim &lt;-<span class="st"> </span>(pin[1L]<span class="op">/</span>pin[2L]) <span class="op">*</span><span class="st"> </span>xlim</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-22" data-line-number="22">    <span class="cf">else</span> ylim &lt;-<span class="st"> </span>(pin[2L]<span class="op">/</span>pin[1L]) <span class="op">*</span><span class="st"> </span>ylim</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-23" data-line-number="23">    <span class="kw">plot.window</span>(xlim, ylim, <span class="st">&quot;&quot;</span>, <span class="dt">asp =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-24" data-line-number="24">    <span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="kw">is.null</span>(col))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-25" data-line-number="25">        col &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="kw">is.null</span>(density))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-26" data-line-number="26">          <span class="kw">palette</span>()</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-27" data-line-number="27">        <span class="cf">else</span> <span class="kw">par</span>(<span class="st">&quot;fg&quot;</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-28" data-line-number="28">    col &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">rep</span>(col, <span class="dt">length.out =</span> nx)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-29" data-line-number="29">    border &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">rep</span>(border, <span class="dt">length.out =</span> nx)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-30" data-line-number="30">    lty &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">rep</span>(lty, <span class="dt">length.out =</span> nx)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-31" data-line-number="31">    angle &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">rep</span>(angle, <span class="dt">length.out =</span> nx)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-32" data-line-number="32">    density &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">rep</span>(density, <span class="dt">length.out =</span> nx)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-33" data-line-number="33">    twopi &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="cf">if</span> (clockwise)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-34" data-line-number="34">        <span class="dv">-2</span> <span class="op">*</span><span class="st"> </span>pi</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-35" data-line-number="35">    <span class="cf">else</span> <span class="dv">2</span> <span class="op">*</span><span class="st"> </span>pi</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-36" data-line-number="36">    t2xy &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="cf">function</span>(t, radius) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-37" data-line-number="37">        t2p &lt;-<span class="st"> </span>twopi <span class="op">*</span><span class="st"> </span>t <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span>init.angle <span class="op">*</span><span class="st"> </span>pi<span class="op">/</span><span class="dv">180</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-38" data-line-number="38">        <span class="kw">list</span>(<span class="dt">x =</span> radius <span class="op">*</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">cos</span>(t2p),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-39" data-line-number="39">             <span class="dt">y =</span> radius <span class="op">*</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">sin</span>(t2p))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-40" data-line-number="40">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-41" data-line-number="41">    <span class="cf">for</span> (i <span class="cf">in</span> 1L<span class="op">:</span>nx) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-42" data-line-number="42">        n &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">max</span>(<span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="kw">floor</span>(edges <span class="op">*</span><span class="st"> </span>dx[i]))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-43" data-line-number="43">        P &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">t2xy</span>(<span class="kw">seq.int</span>(x[i], x[i <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="dv">1</span>], <span class="dt">length.out =</span> n),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-44" data-line-number="44">                  outer.radius)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-45" data-line-number="45">        <span class="kw">polygon</span>(<span class="kw">c</span>(P<span class="op">$</span>x, <span class="dv">0</span>), <span class="kw">c</span>(P<span class="op">$</span>y, <span class="dv">0</span>), <span class="dt">density =</span> density[i],</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-46" data-line-number="46">                <span class="dt">angle =</span> angle[i], <span class="dt">border =</span> border[i],</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-47" data-line-number="47">                <span class="dt">col =</span> col[i], <span class="dt">lty =</span> lty[i])</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-48" data-line-number="48">        Pout &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">t2xy</span>(<span class="kw">mean</span>(x[i <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="dv">0</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="dv">1</span>]), outer.radius)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-49" data-line-number="49">        lab &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">as.character</span>(labels[i])</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-50" data-line-number="50">        <span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="op">!</span><span class="kw">is.na</span>(lab) <span class="op">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">nzchar</span>(lab)) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-51" data-line-number="51">            <span class="kw">lines</span>(<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="fl">1.05</span>) <span class="op">*</span><span class="st"> </span>Pout<span class="op">$</span>x, <span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="fl">1.05</span>) <span class="op">*</span><span class="st"> </span>Pout<span class="op">$</span>y)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-52" data-line-number="52">            <span class="kw">text</span>(<span class="fl">1.1</span> <span class="op">*</span><span class="st"> </span>Pout<span class="op">$</span>x, <span class="fl">1.1</span> <span class="op">*</span><span class="st"> </span>Pout<span class="op">$</span>y, labels[i],</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-53" data-line-number="53">                 <span class="dt">xpd =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>, <span class="dt">adj =</span> <span class="kw">ifelse</span>(Pout<span class="op">$</span>x <span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="dv">0</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-54" data-line-number="54">                 ...)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-55" data-line-number="55">        }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-56" data-line-number="56">        <span class="co">## Add white disc          </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-57" data-line-number="57">        Pin &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">t2xy</span>(<span class="kw">seq.int</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="dt">length.out =</span> n<span class="op">*</span>nx),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-58" data-line-number="58">                  inner.radius)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-59" data-line-number="59">        <span class="kw">polygon</span>(Pin<span class="op">$</span>x, Pin<span class="op">$</span>y, <span class="dt">density =</span> density[i],</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-60" data-line-number="60">                <span class="dt">angle =</span> angle[i], <span class="dt">border =</span> border[i],</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-61" data-line-number="61">                <span class="dt">col =</span> <span class="st">&quot;white&quot;</span>, <span class="dt">lty =</span> lty[i])</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-62" data-line-number="62">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-63" data-line-number="63"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-64" data-line-number="64">    <span class="kw">title</span>(<span class="dt">main =</span> main, ...)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-65" data-line-number="65">    <span class="kw">invisible</span>(<span class="ot">NULL</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-66" data-line-number="66">}</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-67" data-line-number="67"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-68" data-line-number="68"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-69" data-line-number="69"><span class="co"># Let&#39;s use the function, it works like PiePlot !</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-70" data-line-number="70"><span class="co"># inner.radius controls the width of the ring!</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-71" data-line-number="71"><span class="kw">doughnut</span>( <span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">3</span>,<span class="dv">5</span>,<span class="dv">9</span>,<span class="dv">12</span>) , <span class="dt">inner.radius=</span><span class="fl">0.5</span>, <span class="dt">col=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="kw">rgb</span>(<span class="fl">0.2</span>,<span class="fl">0.2</span>,<span class="fl">0.4</span>,<span class="fl">0.5</span>), <span class="kw">rgb</span>(<span class="fl">0.8</span>,<span class="fl">0.2</span>,<span class="fl">0.4</span>,<span class="fl">0.5</span>), <span class="kw">rgb</span>(<span class="fl">0.2</span>,<span class="fl">0.9</span>,<span class="fl">0.4</span>,<span class="fl">0.4</span>) , <span class="kw">rgb</span>(<span class="fl">0.0</span>,<span class="fl">0.9</span>,<span class="fl">0.8</span>,<span class="fl">0.4</span>)) )</a></code></pre></div>
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        <p>This document is a work by <a href="https://www.yan-holtz.com">Yan Holtz</a>. Any feedback is highly encouraged. You can fill an issue on <a href="https://github.com/holtzy/D3-graph-gallery/issues">Github</a>, drop me a message on <a href="https://twitter.com/R_Graph_Gallery">Twitter</a>, or send an email pasting <a href="">yan.holtz.data</a> with <a href="">gmail.com</a>.</p>
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