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      <center><h1>Background manipulation with R and ggplot2</h1></center>
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      <center><p style="max-width: 600px; margin-top: 40px">This post describes all the available options to customize chart background with <code>R</code> and <code>ggplot2</code>. It shows how to control the background color and the minor and major gridlines.</p></center>
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<h1 id="default-ggplot2-background">Default <code>ggplot2</code> background</h1>
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<p>Let’s start with a very basic <code>ggplot2</code> <a href="scatterplot.html">scatterplot</a>. By default, <code>ggplot2</code> offers a grey background with white major and minor gridlines.</p>
<p>It is possible to change that thanks to the <code>theme()</code> function. Keep reading to learn how!</p>
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<p><img src="240-custom-layout-background-ggplot2_files/figure-html/thecode-1.png" width="100%" /></p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="co"># Load ggplot2</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="kw">library</span>(ggplot2)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-3" data-line-number="3"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-4" data-line-number="4"><span class="co"># Very basic chart</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-5" data-line-number="5">basic &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>( mtcars , <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>mpg, <span class="dt">y=</span>wt)) <span class="op">+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="st">  </span><span class="kw">geom_point</span>()</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-7" data-line-number="7">basic</a></code></pre></div>
<h1 id="background-color-plot.background-and-panel.background">Background color: <code>plot.background</code> and <code>panel.background</code></h1>
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<p>Two options of the <code>theme()</code> functions are available to control the map background color. <code>plot_background</code> controls the color of the whole chart. <code>panel.background</code> controls the part between the axis.</p>
<p>Both are rectangles, their features is thus specified through an <code>element_rect()</code> function.</p>
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<p><img src="240-custom-layout-background-ggplot2_files/figure-html/thecode2-1.png" width="100%" /></p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-1" data-line-number="1">basic <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-2" data-line-number="2">    <span class="dt">plot.background =</span> <span class="kw">element_rect</span>(<span class="dt">fill =</span> <span class="st">&quot;green&quot;</span>), </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-3" data-line-number="3">    <span class="dt">panel.background =</span> <span class="kw">element_rect</span>(<span class="dt">fill =</span> <span class="st">&quot;red&quot;</span>, <span class="dt">colour=</span><span class="st">&quot;blue&quot;</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-4" data-line-number="4">    )</a></code></pre></div>
<h1 id="customize-the-grid-panel.grid.major-and-panel.grid.minor">Customize the grid: <code>panel.grid.major</code> and <code>panel.grid.minor</code></h1>
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<p><img src="240-custom-layout-background-ggplot2_files/figure-html/thecode3b-1.png" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></p>
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<p>Two main types of grid exist with <code>ggplot2</code>: major and minor. They are controled thanks to the <code>panel.grid.major</code> and <code>panel.grid.minor</code> options.</p>
<p>Once more, you can add the options <code>.y</code> or <code>.x</code> at the end of the function name to control one orientation only.</p>
<p>Features are wrapped in an <code>element_line()</code> function. Specifying <code>element_blanck()</code> will simply removing the grid.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="co"># Modify for both axis</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-2" data-line-number="2">basic <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-3" data-line-number="3">    <span class="dt">panel.grid.major =</span> <span class="kw">element_line</span>(<span class="dt">colour =</span> <span class="st">&quot;red&quot;</span>, <span class="dt">linetype =</span> <span class="st">&quot;dotted&quot;</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-4" data-line-number="4">    <span class="dt">panel.grid.minor =</span> <span class="kw">element_line</span>(<span class="dt">colour =</span> <span class="st">&quot;blue&quot;</span>, <span class="dt">size =</span> <span class="dv">2</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-5" data-line-number="5">    )</a></code></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="co"># Modify y axis only (remove)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-2" data-line-number="2">basic <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-3" data-line-number="3">    <span class="dt">panel.grid.major.y =</span> <span class="kw">element_blank</span>(),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-4" data-line-number="4">    <span class="dt">panel.grid.minor.y =</span> <span class="kw">element_blank</span>()</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-5" data-line-number="5">)</a></code></pre></div>
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